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Full text of "The progresses and public processions of Queen Elizabeth. : Among which are interspersed other solemnities, public expenditures, and remarkable events during the reign of that illustrious princess. Collected from original manuscripts, scarce pamphlets, corporation records, parochial registers, &c., &c. Illustrated, with historical notes"

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PROGRESSES, 

PUBLIC    PROCESSIONS,  &c. 


OF 


QUEEN    ELIZABETH. 


IN  THREE  VOLUMES. 
VOL.  I. 


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C,  I  ,      r  ,  ■      .  0 

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"  The  splendor  and  magnificence  of  Elizabeth's  Reign  is  no  where  more 
strongly  painted  than  in  these  little  Diaries  of  some  of  her  Summer  Excursions 
to  the  houses  of  her  Nobility  ;  nor  could  a  more  acceptable  present  be  given  to 
the  world,  than  a  re-publication  of  a  select  number  of  such  details  as  this  of  the 
Entertainment  at  Elvetham,  that  at  Killingworth,  &c.  &c.  which  so  strongly 
mark  the  spirit  of  the  times,  and  present  us  with  scenes  so  very  remote  from 
modern  manners."     Percy's  Reliques  of  Antient  English  Poetry,  vol.  III.  p.  6*4. 


AQg  KEI'NH  crsgt  xrjpi  TeTJjxijTa/  re,  xcu  lo-riv, 
"Ex  Xatov,  ot  \kIv  pa,  §eov  a>£,  sWopooivrsg, 
Asihs^arat  /xoQoio-jv,  ore  <rrz[-£(\<r  ava  aVru. 

Odyss.  vii.  69. 

When  through  the  street  she  gracious  deigns  to  move, 
(The  public  wonder,  and  the  public  love,) 
The  tongues  of  all  with  transport  sound  her  praise, 
The  eyes  of  all,  as  on  a  goddess,  gaze. 

Pope's  Odyssey,  ver.  90. 


PREFACE. 

I 

_ __ — — — —  * 

It  is  now  nearly  Forty  Years  since  the  plan  of  collecting  the  Progresses  and 
Public  Processions  of  Queen  Elizabeth  was  suggested  to  the  present  Editor,  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Percy,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Dromore,  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henley, 
afterwards  Principal  of  the  East  India  Company's  College  at  Hertford.  Both 
these  learned  Divines  had  for  some  time  contemplated  such  an  undertaking ;  but 
were  prevented  by  superior  professional  avocations  l ;  and  the  proposal  met  with 
a  ready  acquiescence  from  one  to  whom  labour  was  ever  delightful. 

Assisted  by  the  steady  co-operation  and  the  invariable  friendship  of  Mr.  Gough, 
and  indulged  with  the  unreserved  communication  of  whatever  could  be  contri- 
buted from  his  deep  researches  into  English  Literature  and  antient  manners,  or 
from  the  rich  storehouse  of  Topographical  information  which  he  pre-eminently 
possessed,  I  readily  undertook  the  task ;  and  in  the  progress  of  it  was  favoured 
with  the  liberal  contributions  of  Mr.  Steevens,  whose  intimacy  with  the  writings 
of  the  Elizabethan  age  was  unbounded,  and  his  taste  unquestionable. 

After  some  years  groaning  through  the  press,  Two  Volumes  were  published- in 
1788  ;  and  the  impression,  being  small,  was  speedily  sold. 

A  Third  Volume,  after  an  interval  of  nineteen  years,  was  published  in  1807  ; 
but  of  that  Volume  very  few  copies  escaped  the  calamitous  Fire,  which,  on  the  8th 
of  February  1808,  destroyed  an  immense  mass  of  much  more  valuable  property. 

Since  that  period,  a  re-publication  of  the  "  Progresses,"  methodically  arranged, 
has  been  one  of  the  Editor's  favourite  amusements ;  and  the  reception  of  the  for- 
mer Volumes  affords  the  gratifying  hope  that  what  is  now  respectfully  submitted 
to  the  publick  will  not  prove  unacceptable. 

These  Volumes  contain,  besides  a  Collection  of  Visits,  Progresses,  &c.  a  variety 
of  Conceits,  Devices,  Poems,  Songs,  Speeches,  Orations,  &c.  which  accompanied 
the  excursions,  or  were  exhibited  on  other  occasions.     Among  these,  some  are  of 

1  The  forming  of  such  a  Collection  was  a  favourite  design  with  the  late  Rev.  Michael  Tyson,  B.  D. 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Ben'et  College,  Cambridge,  who  communicated  his  thoughts  on  the  subject  to 
several  of  his  Friends,  particularly  to  Dr.  Henley  and  Mr.  Gough ;  but  death  prevented  Mr.  Tyson 
from  carrying  this  into  execution. 

VOL.  I.  b 


/ 


VI  PREFACE. 

a  graver,  some  of  a  looser  kind  ;  some  odd  or  humorous,  some  learned,  witty,  or 
instructive  ;  all  marking  a  period  to  which  men  were  emerging  from  the  barbarity 
and  ignorance  wherein  they  had  long  been  held  both  by  the  Church  and  State. 
They  had  not  at  that  time  passed  far  beyond  the  dawnings  of  real  knowledge 
and  science.  What  they  obtained  was  still  disfigured  and  interrupted  by  the 
jargon,  the  quidlibets,  and  absurdities  of  the  Schools,  which,  under  a  parade  of 
learning  and  instruction,  really  promoted  ignorance,  and  have  been  too  success- 
fully employed  for  such  baneful  purposes.  The  principles  of  liberty  also,  and 
of  religious  reformation,  which  began  to  take  place,  were  as  yet  but  imperfectly 
understood,  and  their  benefits  but  incompletely  enjoyed.  The  Queen  herself 
had  a  degree  of  her  Father's  domineering  spirit;  and,  though  a  true  friend  to  the 
Reformation,  retained  a  love  to  some  kind  of  Popish  pomp  and  ceremony, 
together  with  high  notions  of  the  sacred  rights  of  Royalty.  Those  were  most 
likely  to  obtain  her  favour,  who  cherished,  or  appeared  to  cherish,  such  opinions ; 
and  with  such  persons  her  Court  was  surrounded,  and  similar  sentiments  very 
much  pervaded  the  minds  of  the  people.  A  superstitious  awe  of  Majesty  pro- 
duced unmanly  adulation  and  servile  attentions.  The  ill  effects  of  such  principles 
were  displayed  in  a  succeeding  Reign,  when  the  whole  Kingdom  was  thrown  into 
confusion;  in  consequence,  on  the  one  hand,  of  that  despotic  power  which  the 
Prince  had  been  made  to  believe  he  possessed ;  and  on  the  other,  of  the  worthier 
notions  concerning  their  just  rights,  which  the  people  had  by  that  time  more 
generally  imbibed.  Miserable  was  the  state  of  those  days  ;  yet,  at  present,  we 
perceive  and  enjoy  the  fruits  of  that  and  other  Revolutions,  under  a  Government 
which  we  know  how  to  value,  and  for  which  we  are  duly  grateful l. 

The  Ceremonial  of  this  illustrious  Lady's  Christening  is  prefixed  as  a  suitable 
introduction  to  her  subsequent  splendour;  and  the  series  of  hazards  which  she 
experienced  for  three  years  during  the  Reign  of  her  Sister  is  the  proper  preliminary 
to  the  many  Visits  with  which  she  gratified  her  subjects  during  her  whole  Reign. 
Her  early  years  indeed  were  marked  by  the  greatest  propriety  of  conduct.  During 
the  Reign  of  King  Edward2;  the  short-lived  sway  of  "  Jane  the  Queen  ;"  and 
the  more  difficult  task  she  had  to  perform  under  that  of  Queen  Mary,  this 
accomplished  Princess  exhibited  a  submissive  but  dignified  demeanour. 

1  See  the  Monthly  Review,  1789,  vol.  LXXXI.  p.  133. 

2  Camden  says,  King  Edward,  from  the  softness  of  her  voice,  and  the  meekness  of  her  temper,  was 
wont  to  call  her  his  Sweet  Sister  Temperance. 


PREFACE.  Vll 

William  Thomas,  Clerk  of  the  Closet  to  Edward  VI.  who  wrote  in  1546,  says, 

that  "  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  which  is  at  this  time  of  the  age  of  14  yeres,  or  there-     1 / 

aboutes,  is  a  very  wittye  and  gentyll  yonge  Lady1." 

At  Hatfield,  where  she  was  fortunately  under  the  superintendance  of  Sir  Thomas 
Pope,  and  subsequently  when  almost  in  a  state  of  imprisonment  at  Woodstock 
and  in  the  Tower,  not  a  portion  of  dissatisfaction  appears  to  have  been  expressed. 

Of  her  domestic  establishment  at  Hatfield,  some  idea  may  be  formed  by  the 
following  Extract  from  "The  Accompte  of  Thomas  Parry2,  Esquyer,  Cofferer  to 
the  verie  Excellent  Princesse  the  Ladie  Elizabeth  her  Grace  the  Kinge's  Majes- 
tie's  most  Honorable  Sister,  with  all  somes  of  money  received  by  him  for  the  Pro- 
vision of  her  Grace's  Household  Expences  3 :" 

The  Bakehouse  and  Pantry e.  The  Buttery  and  Cellar. 

Paid  to  John  Newman,  for  24  £.  s.    d.       Edmunde  Wilson,  for  10  dole    ■£.  s.  d. 

quarters  and  four  bushels  of  of  beer           -         -        .-         -  10  3  0 

wheat           -         -         -         -     16  6     8        Edmund  Wilson,  for  15  tonnes 

Paid  ditto,  for  the  like  quantity  16  6     8          of  beer           -         -         -         -  14  10  0 

Paid  ditto,  for  24   quarters   of  Ditto,  for  10  ton  1  pipe  of  beer   10  3  0 

wheat   -         -         -         -         -12  00       John   Garner   for    10   dole    of 

Nicholas  Saunders,  for  5  quar-  Gaskoine  wine       -         -         -  80  0  0 


ters  of  wheat  -         -         -     5   18     6 


There   is    also    mentioned    sweet   wine, 


Edward  Smith,  for  2  quarters  Reynishe  wine,  and  Rochell  wine ;  but  the 


4  bushels        -         -         -         -     218     6 


quantities  omitted. 


1  Miscellaneous  Antiquities  printed  at  Strawberry-hill,  No.  II.  p.  60. 

1  This  "  Cofferer"  (Mr.  Parry)  will  again  appear  in  pages  3  and  23. 

3  This  beautiful  manuscript  on  vellum,  formerly  the]  property  of  Gustavus  Brander,  Esq.,  and 
afterwards  of  W.  Barnes,  Esq.  of  Redland  Hall,  Bristol,  at  the  sale  of  that  gentleman's  Library 
by  Mr.  Evans,  in  May  1822,  was  bought-in  at  150  guineas. — This  most  curious,  important,  and 
valuable  MS.  exhibits  the  current  expenses  of  Elizabeth's  Household  for  one  year,  systematically 
classed  under  the  departments  of  "  Bakehouse  and  Pantrye,"  "  Buttery,"  "  Spicerye,"  &c.  &c. 
The  work  is  ornamented  with  six  drawings,  containing  emblematical  figures,  alluding  to  the 
circumstances  of  those  parts  of  the  book  where  they  are  placed.  Every  page  is  audited  and  signed  by 
Elizabeth  herself,  and  Walter  Bucler,  the  Comptroller  of  her  Household.  The  late  Thomas  Astle,  Esq 
Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Tower,  and  author  of  a  Treatise  on  the  Origin  and  Progress  of  Writing, 
has  given  a  detailed  account  of  it  in  the  Antiquarian  Repertory,  vol.  I.  pp.  64 — 67.  He  says,  "  The 
work  is  curious  in  several  respects.  First,  because  it  shews  the  prices  of  the  necessaries  and  elegancies 
of  life  at  the  time  it  was  written ;  secondly,  because  it  contains  accounts  of  the  particular  wines, 
spices,  &c.  that  were  used  in  the  household  of  a  Princess  of  the  Blood  upwards  of  two  centuries  ago  -y 
thirdly,  the  curious  penmanship  and  drawings  are  fine  specimens  of  those  arts  in  the  16th  century." 
They  are  executed  in  a  more  elegant  style  than  is  usually  met  with  in  the  drawings  of  those  times, 
and  are  such  as  would  not  discredit  a  modern  artist. 


Vlll 


PREFACE. 


The  Spicerye  and  Chaundrye. 

Thomas  Steevens,  for  256  £.  s.  d. 
pounds  of  wax  -  -  -  10  10  0 
Ditto,  for  30  dozen  of  candles  -350 
Ditto,  for  72  dozen  of  ditto  -  5  8  0 
Ditto,  for  50  dozen  of  ditto      -     3  18     0 

The  Kechyn  and  Larder 

Amounts  to    -  597     4  11{ 

Fish  is  the  most  considerable  article 
under  this  head.  Lamprey  pies  are  men' 
tioned. 

The  Acatrye. 

Thomas  Shepy,  for  120  muttons  30  0  0 

William  West,  for  80  muttons    20  0  0 
Henry  TrafFord,  for  2  hogges  of 

bacon  -         -         -         -         -100 

Thomas  Burchall,  for  60  oxen  160  0  0 

To  ditto,  for  56  muttons  -         -  12  3  6 

To  ditto,  for  20  ditto        -         -     4  0  0 

To  ditto,  for  32  veales      -         -     8  0  0 

For  12  lb.  of  lard     -         -         -     0  12  0 

For  66  muttons        -         -         -  13  4  0 

For  100  ditto          -         -         -     20  0  0 

The  Pultrye 

Amounted  to  -         -  311     5     4^ 

But  the  particular  prices  are  not  men- 
tioned. 

The  Squillerie. 

Richard  Bryce  for  23  loads  of 

coals     -        -        -  -        -666 

Ditto,  for  22  ditto   -  -         -     6     1     0 

Ditto,  for  23  ditto    -  -         -     6     5   10 

Ditto,  for  30  ditto  -  -         -     7   12     0 

The  Saucerye 
Amounts  to     -         -         -         -  21     8     2 

The  Wood-yard 
Amounts  to    -         -         -         -  87   11   10 

The  Stable. 

Paid  William  Chambers  for  12 
bushels  of  oats       -         -         -    0     6     0 

Paid  Humphrey  Broke,  for  one 
gelding  -         -         ■     5   13     4 

Paid  William  Ciney,  for  two 
geldings        -        -        -        -  12    9     6 


Wages,  Liveries,  and  Alms. 

The  Wages  of  the  Houshold  £.   s.     d. 

Servants,  and  for  their  liveries  434  11     8~ 
Amongst  which  are  13  velvet 

liveries  for  the  gentlemen,  at 

40s.  each       -         -         -         -  26     0     0 
The   liveries   for  the   Yeomen 

amount  to     -         -         -         -  78  18     0 

The  Chambre  and  Robes. 

Velvet  is  from  20s.  to  30s.  per  yard. 

Two  French  hoods  -         -         -     2     8     9 

Haifa  yard  and  2  nails  of  vel- 
vet for  partlets       -         -         -     0  18     9 

Paid  to  Edward  Allen,for  a  bible     10     0 

Paid  Thomas  Crowche,  gold- 
smithe,  the  7th  of  January,  for 
74  oz.  4  dwts.  of  gilt  plate,  at 
8s.  8 d.  the  oz.  bought  for  New 
Yere's  Gifts  -         -         -         -  32     3   10 

Paid  to  dyverse  Noblemen's 
servants,  which  brought  New 
Yere's  Gifts  January  4th        -     4     6     8 

Paid  to  the  King's  Majesty's 
dromer  and  phiphe  20s. ;  Mr. 
Haywoode  30s.;  and  to  Sebas- 
tian, towards  the  charge  of  the 
children,  with  the  carriage  of 
the  plaier's  garments,  £4. 19s.     7     9     0 

Paid  to  sondrie  persons  at  St.  v 

James's,  her  Grace  being  there     9.15     0 

A  Frenchman  that  gave  a  boke 
to  her  Grace  -         -         -     0  10     0 

Paid  to  Beamonde,  the  King's 
servante,  for  his  boies  that 
plaied  before  her  Grace  -    0  10    0 

Paid  in  rewarde  to  sondrie  per- 
sons the  10th  of  August,  viz. 
to  Former,  that  plaied  on  the 
late,  30s. ;  to  Mr.  Ashefielde's 
servant,  with  two  prise  oxen 
and  "ten  muttons,  20s.  more; 
the  harper,  30s. ;  to  him  that 
made  her  Grace  a  table  of  wal- 
nut tree,  44s.  9d. ;  and  to  Mr. 
Cocker's  servantwhich  brought 
her  Grace  a  sturgeon,  6s.  8d. 
In  all 11115 

Paid  to  my  Lord  Russell's  minstrells,  20«. 


PREFACE.  IX 

Camden,  in  his  Annals  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign,  says,  "  She  was  of  admi- 
rable beauty  1,  and  well  deserving  a  Crown ;  of  a  modest  gravity,  excellent  wit, 
royal  soul,  happy  memory,  and  indefatigably  given  to  the  study  of  Learning2; 
insomuch  as,  before  she  was  17  years  of  age,  she  understood  well  the  Latin3, 

1  It  has  been  observed  however,  that,  whatever  may  have  been  her  beauty  in  early  life,  her  pane- 
gyrists, as  she  drew  near  sixty,  omitted  that  part  of  their  eulogium. 

*  The  pi'oticiency  in  Learning  of  this  great  Princess  is  thus  described  by  Roger  Ascham  in  his 
",  Schoolmaster :"  "  It  is  to  your  shame  (I  speak  to  you  all,  you  yong  Jentlemen  of  England)  that 
one  Mayd  should  go  beyond  you  all  in  excellencie  of  learnyng,  and  knowledge  of  divers  tonges. 
Pointe  forth  six  of  the  best  given  Jentlemen  of  this  Court,  and  all  they  together  shew  not  so  much 
good-will,  spend  not  so  much  tyme,  bestow  not  so  many  houres  dayly,  orderly,  and  constantly,  for 
the  increase  of  learnyng  and  knowledge,  as  doth  the  Queene's  Majestie  herselfe.  Yea,  I  believe,  that 
beside  her  perfect  readiness  in  Latin,  Italian,  French,  and  Spanish,  she  readeth  here  now  at  Windsore 
more  Greeke  every  day  than  some  Prebendarie  of  this  Church  doth  read  Latin  in  a  whole  weeke.  And 
that  which  is  most  praise-worthy  of  all,  within  the  walls  of  her  Privie  Chamber  she  hath  obteyned 
that  excellencie  of  learning,  to  understand,  speak,  and  write  both  wittily  with  head,  and  faire  with 
hand,  as  scarce  one  or  two  rare  wittes  in  both  the  Universities  have  in  many  yeares  reached  unto." — 
"  It  can  scarce  be  credited,"  says  the  same  Writer,  "  to  what  degree  of  skill  in  the  Latin  and  Greek 
she  might  arrive,  if  she  shall  proceed  in  that  course  of  study  wherein  she  hath  begun  by  the 
guidance  of  Grindal."  Epistle  to  Sir  G.  Cheeke,  p.  79. — A  still  stronger  testimonial  of  Ascham  may  ^ 
be  seen  in  p.  19. 

3  That  she  was  completely  mistress  of  the  Latin  language  is  evident  from  her  Conversation  with 
the  celebrated  William  Lambarde,  printed  in  vol.  III.  p.  585,  from  unquestionable  authority ;  and 
her  ready  responses  in  that  language  to  the  compliments  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  many 
years  after  she  had  ceased  to  have  learned  leisure,  are  well  known,  and  her  ingenious  evasion  of  a 
captious  theological  question,  is  still  more  deservedly  applauded  : 

"  Christ  was  the  Word  that  spake  it  j 

He  took  the  bread  and  brake  it  5 

And  what  that  Word  did  make  it, 

That  I  believe  and  take  it." 
She  conversed  in  Latin,  in  1597,  with  the  Polish  Ambassador — "  Lion-like  rising,"  says  Speed, 
"  she  daunted  the  malapert  Orator  no  less  with  her  stately  port  and  majestical  departure,  than  with 
the  tartness  of  her  princely  cheeks ;  and,  turning  to  the  train  of  her  attendants,  thus  said:  God's  death, 
my  Lords  (for  that  was  her  oath  ever  in  anger),  I  have  been  enforced  this  day  to  scour  vp  my  old  Latin, 
that  hath  lain  long  in  rusting." 

North,  in  his  Dedication  to  "  Plutarch's  Lives,"  published  in  1579,  thus  addresses  himself  to  Queen 
Elizabeth :  "  For,  most  gracious  Soveraigne,  though  this  booke  be  no  booke  for  your  Majestie's  selfe, 
who  are  meeter  to  be  the  chiefe  storie  than  a  student  therein,  and  can  better  understande  it  in  Greeke, 
than  any  man  can  make  it  in  English,"  &c. 


X  PREFACE. 

French1,  and  Italian2  tongues,  and  had  an  indifferent  knowledge  of  the  Greek %. 
Neither  did  she  neglect  Music4  so  far  as  it  became  a  Princess,  being  able  to  sing 
sweetly,  and  play  handsomely  on  the  Lute." 

Camden  says,  that  she  either  read  or, wrote  something  every  day;  that  she  translated  "  Sallust  de 
Bello  Jugurthino;'  and,  as  late  as  the  year  1598,  turned  into  English  the  greater  part  of  "  Horace 
de  Arte  Poetica,"  and  a  little  treatise  of  "  Plutarch  de  Curiositate." '  Two  specimens  of  these  Trans- 
lations, one  from  Seneca's  Epistles,  the  other  from  Tully's,  are  printed  in  Harrington's  "  Nugae  Anti- 
quae,"  vol.  I.  pp.  109,  140;  but  these  will  not  be  found  to  bear  out  the  hyperbolical  praise  of  Sir 
Henry  Savile,  who  affirms  that  "  he  hath  seen  some  Translations  of  hers,  which  far  exceeded  the 
Originals." 

Of  her  Translation  of  Boethius  "  De  Consoiatione  Philosophies,"  see  vol.  III.  p.  564. 

1  Yet  M.  de  Buzanval,  who  had  been  resident  at  London  for  the  French  King,  mimicking  the 
Queen,  said  that  she  spoke  French  very  disagreeably,  often  repeating  with  a  drawling  and  ridiculous 
accent,  "  paar  Dieu,  paar  maa  foi."     Du  Maurier,  apud  B*ict.  par  Bayle.  Elisabeth  (E.) 

She  translated  from  the  French  the  "  Meditations  of  the  Queen  of  Navarre." 

2  Hentzner,  who  attended  her  Court  at  Greenwich  in  1598,  attests  that  "  she  spoke  very  graciously, 
first  to  one,  then  to  another,  whether  Foreign  Ministers,  or  those  who  attended  for  different  reasons, 
in  English,  French,  and  Italian;  for,  besides  being  well  skilled  in  Greek,  Latin,  and  the  languages  I 
have  mentioned,  she  is  mistress  of  Spanish,  Scotch,  and  Dutch." 

3  She  translated  a  Play  of  Euripides  and  two  Orations  of  Isocrates  from  Greek  into  Latin  j  and 
wrote  a  Comment  on  Plato. 

In  the  Bodleian  Library  is  a  Letter  of  hers  to  her  Brother  King  Edward  VI.  of  which  the  con- 
cluding lines  are  also  here  given  in  a  facsimile,  accompanied  with  Autographs  of  King  Edward  VI., 
Queen  Mary,  Lady  Jane  Grey,  and  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 

Her  Translation  from  the  Greek,  of  a  Dialogue  of  Xenophon,  is  printed  at  length  in  the  Miscella- 
neous Correspondence  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  for  1742,  No.  II.  with  a  facsimile  of  an  entire 
page,  which,  as  a  fair  specimen  of  her  calligraphy,  is  here  copied. — She  was  taught  to  write  by  the 
celebrated  Roger  Ascham ;  and  her  writing  is  extremely  beautiful  and  correct,  as  may  be  seen  by  ex- 
amining a  little  manuscript  book  of  Prayers,  in  French,  Italian,  and  Spanish,  written  with  her  own 
hand,  preserved  in  the  British  Museum.  Hentzner  mentions  such  an  one  only  in  French,  written  on 
vellum,  and  dedicated  to  her  Father,  in  these  words :  "  A  tres  haut  &  tres  puissant  &  redoubte"  Prince 
Henry  VIII.  de  ce  nom,  Roy  d'Angleterre,  de  France,  &  d'Irelande,  Difenseur  da  la  Foy." 

Mr.  D'Israeli  says,  he  has  seen  her  first  writing-book  preserved  at  Oxford  in  the  Bodleian  Library  ; 
the  gradual  improvement  of  her  Majesty's  hand-writing,  is  very  honourable  to  her  diligence  ;  but  the 
most  curious  thing  is  the  paper  on  which  she  tried  her  pens ;  this  she  usually  did  by  writing  the 
name  of  her  beloved  brother  Edward ;  a  proof  of  the  early  and  ardent  attachment  she  formed  of  that 
amiable  Prince. 

For  a  further  account  of  the  various  literary  productions  of  this  accomplished  Princess,  see  Mr. 
Park's  excellent  edition  of  Mr.  Walpole's  Noble  and  Royal  Authors.    See  also  hereafter,  pp.  xlv.  xlvii. 

*  Of  her  skill  in  Music,  see  pp.  9,93.  487.  529. — Sir  John  Hawkins,  in  his  History  of  Music,  says, 
"  that  her  musicians  were  playing  in  her  ehamber  at  the  hour  of  her  departure;"  see  vol.  III.  p.  630. 


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PREFACE.  ,  XI 

The  plan  of  popularity  which  Elizabeth  laid  down  from  the  beginning  of 

her  Reign  is  marked  by  no  trait  so  strongly  as  her  practice  of  making  Progresses 

about  her  dominions.     The  spirit  of  the  times1  encouraged  these  splended  Enter-  " 

tainments,  when  the  amusements  of  the  Great  were  not,  as  at  present,  confined 

to  an  over-grown  Capital. 

» 
Her  Passage  through  the  City  of  London  to  Westminster  the  day  before  her 

Coronation,  in  January  1 558-9,  to  which  her  magnificent  Progress2  from  Hatfield 

to  the  Charter-house  had  been  a  prelude,  was  the  rising  of  a  brilliant  Sun  to  cheer 

the  Nation  chilled  with   the  horror  of  more  than  inquisitorial  cruelty,  when  the 

sight  of  a  Princess,  whose  accession  foreboded  such  a  joyful  change,  must  have 

had  the  same  effect  on  every  feeling  heart  as  on  that  of  the  antient  Citizen  in 

Cheapside,  who  shed  tears  of  joy.     We  who  live  in  an  age  when  religion  and 

morality  are   equally   neglected,    and   that   greatest   blessing    of    Protestantism, 

Religious  Liberty,  is  so  shamefully  abused,  cannot  conceive  the  effect  of  such  a 

glorious  change.     England  may  be  said  to  have  been  in  convulsions  from  the 

death  of  Henry  VIII.     A  faint  gleam  of  hope,  which  had  dawned  during  the 

short  Reign  of  Edward  VI.,  was  so  completely  overclouded  by  his  bloody  bigoted 

Sister,  that  scarce  a  ray  of  better  times  remained.     If  any  turn  of  our  affairs  can 

be  compared  with  that  at  Elizabeth's  accession,  it  is  that  which  took  place  at  the 

Revolution,  when  the  former  triumphs  of  Truth  over  Superstition,  and  of  Peace 

over  Persecution,  were  fresher  in  every  man's  mind.     Faction  and  Fanaticism 

were  the  hydras  from   which   the  Restoration  delivered   England ;    but   it  was 

reserved  for  the  Reign  of  William  the  Third  to  establish  religious  toleration  on 

the  firmest  basis. 

In  the  Summer  of  1559,  she  made  an  excursion  from  Greenwich  to  Dartford  3 
and  Cobham  ;  and  afterwards  to  Eltham,  Nonsuch,  and  Hampton  Court. 

1  At  this  period,  it  has  been  well  observed  by  the  anonymous  Historian  of  Highgate  School,  "  a 
man  of  any  rank  in  society  was  considered  little  less  than  barbarous,  who  had  not  acquired  some 
knowledge  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages.  The  great  and  fashionable  of  those  times  were 
educated  entirely  in  Grammar  Schools  j  and  no  period  of  our  history  has  produced  men  more  cele- 
brated for  vigour  of  intellect,  for  bold  and  nervous  diction,  and  manliness  of  character." 

1  On  her  approach  to  London,  she  was  met  at  Highgate  by  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Sheriffs, 
who  conducted  her  to  the  Charter-house. 

3  After  the  dissolution  of  the  Priory  at  Dartford,  King  Henry  the  Eighth  fitted  up  the  buildings  as 
a  Palace  for  himself  and  his  successors,  but  Edward  the  Sixth  granted  it  with  the  manor  of  Dartford, 


XIV  PREFACE. 


Gravers,  have  already,  and  do  dayly  attempt  to  make  in  divers  maners  portraie- 
tures  of  her  Majestie,  in  paynting,  graving,  and  prynting,  wherein  is  evidently 
shewn  that  hytherto  none  hath  sufficiently  expressed  the  naturall  representation 
of  her  Majestie's  person,  favor,  or  grace,  but  for  the  most  part  have  also  erred 
therein,  as  thereof  dayly  complaints  are  made  amongst  her  Majestie's  loving  sub- 
jects, in  so  much  that  for  redress  hereof  hir  Majestie  hath  lately  bene  so  instantly 
and  so  importunately  sued  unto  by  the  Lords  of  hir  Consell  and  others  of  her 
Nobility,  in  respect  of  the  gret  disorder  herein  used,  not  only  to  be  content  that 
some  speciall  coning  payntor  might  be  permitted  by  access  to  hir  Majestie  to  take 
the  naturall  representation  of  hir  Majestie,  whereof  she  hath  bene  allweise  of  hir 
own  right  disposition  very  unwylling,  but  also  to  prohibit  all  manner  of  other  per- 
sons to  draw,  paynt,  grave,  or  pourtrayit  her  Majestie's  personage  or  visage  for  a 
tyme,  untill  by  some  perfect  patron  [pattern]  and  example  the  same  may  be  by 
others  followed.  Therfor  hir  Majestie  being  herein  as  it  were  overcome  with 
the  contynuall  requests  of  so  many  of  her  Nobility  and  Lords l,  whom  she  cannot 
deny,  is  pleased  that  for  thir  contentations,  some  coning  person,  mete  therefor, 
shall  shortly  make  a  pourtraict  of  her  person  or  visage  to  be  participated  to  others 
for  satisfaction  of  hir  loving  subjects,  and  furdermore  commandeth  all  manner 
of  persons  in  the  mean  tyme  to  forbear  from  payntyng,  graving,  printing,  or 
making  of  any  pourtraict  of  hir  Majestie,  until  some  speciall  person  that  shall  be 
byhir  allowed2  shall  havefirst  finished  a  pourtraicture  thereof,  after  which  fynished, 

1  In  page  *28  will  be  found  a  Letter  from  the  Princess  Elizabeth  to  King  Edward  VI.  upon  his 
desiring  to  have  her  Picture.  The.same  Letter  is  printed  in  Mr.  Seward's  "  Anecdotes,"  vol.  I.  p.  140; 
but  is  there  erroneously  stated  to  have  been  addressed  to  Queen  Mary ;  and  it  is  also  thus  printed  in 
Mr.  D'Israeli's  "  Curiosities  of  Literature,"  vol.  II.  p.  278. — My  authority  is  the  faithful  Strype. 

3  Mr.  Rogers,  under  the  article  of  "  Federico  Zuccaro,"  has  given  portraits  both  of  Elizabeth  and 
the  Earl  of  Leicester  from  the  pencil  of  that  ingenious  Artist,  accompanied  by  the  following  remarks : 
"  Her  Favourite,  Robert  Lord  Dudley,  who  had  been  made  Master  of  the  Horse,  and  Knight  of  the 
Garter,  in  the  first  year  of  her  reign,  and  whom  she  could  not  well  deny,  was  probably  the  prin- 
cipal of  her  Nobility  who  solicited  this  Proclamation,  well  knowing  how  acceptable  it  would  prove 
to  a  lady  who  so  highly  piqued  herself  on  her  beauty  as  Queen  Elizabeth  professedly  did :  and  we 
may  conjecture  that  it  was  this  Lord  also  who  obtained  for  Federico  Zuccaro  (as  being  a  "  speciall 
coning  payntor")  the  permission  of  access  to  her  Majesty  to  take  her  natural  representation.  Zuc- 
caro has  in  his  drawing  acquitted  himself  as  a  Courtier,  by  delineating  her  face  nearly  in  front,  and 
not  in  profile ;  and  by  this  artifice  avoiding  the  inelegant  shape  of  her  nose,  which  the  cutter  of 
the  die  of  one  of  her  last  broad  pieces  shamefully  caricatured.  In  compliance  with  the  taste  of  that 
age,  the  painter  has  emblematically  introduced  a  column,  a  serpent  (frequently  given  to  Minerva  on 


PREFACE.  XV 

hir  Majestie  will  be  content  that  all  other  painters,  printers,  or  gravers,  that  shall 
be  known  men  of  understanding,  and  so  thereto  licensed  by  the  hed  officers  of 
the  plaices  where  they  shall  dwell  (as  reason  it  is  that  every  person  should  not 
without  consideration  attempt  the  same),  shall  and  may  at  their  pleasures  follow 
the  said  patron  or  first  portraicture.  And  for  that  hir  Majestie  perceiveth  that  a 
grete  nombre  of  hir  loving  subjects  are  much  greved  and  take  great  offence  with 
the  errors  and  deformities  allredy  committed  by  sondry  persons  in  this  behalf,  she 
straitly  chargeth  all  hir  officers  and  ministers  to  see  to  the  due  observation  hereof, 
and  as  soon  as  may  be  to  reform  the  errors  already  committed,  and  in  the  mean 
tyme  to  forbydd  and  prohibit  the  shewing  or  publication  of  such  as  are  apparently 
deformed,  uutil  they  may  be  reformed  which  are  reformable." 

In  1563,  the  Queen  received  the  congratulations  of  the  Eton  Scholars;  and  the 
next  year  those  of  the  University  of  Cambridge ;  and,  on  her  return,  visited 
Bishop  Cox  at  Stanton-All-Saints  in  that  county,  and  Sir  Henry  Cromwell  at 
Hinchinbroke  Priory  in  Huntingdonshire. 

In  1565,  the  Progress  was  very  extensive,  though  but  few  particulars  of  it  are 
preserved.  She  certainly  was  at  Coventry,  and  at  Kenilworth  J.  She  also  passed 
through  Stamford  in  her  way  to  Lincolnshire2.  It  is  not  very  clear  whether  she 
was  in  Leicestershire  in  this  or  the  preceding  year3. 

In  1566*,  having  before  honoured  two  famous  Seminaries  of  Learning  in  her 
Dominions  by  her  presence,  she  visited  Oxford,  in  compliment  to  the  Earl  of 

account  of  its  subtilty,  shrewdness,  and  prudence  in  thinking),  a  dog,  and  a  weazel :  the  three  first 
are  the  acknowledged  symbols  of  Fortitude,  Prudence,  and  Fidelity ;  and  the  Horus  Apollo  in  his 
Hieroglyphics,  says, '  (hat  when  the  Egyptians  would  denote  a  woman  acting  with  the  abilities  of  a 
man,  they  painted  a  weazel.'     Thus  Queen  Elizabeth  is  here  represented  as  endowed  with  fortitude 
against  her  enemies,  prudence  in  government,  fidelity  to  her  friends,  and  manlike  heroism  in  all  her  ac- 
tions. On  the  back  of  the  drawing  of  the  Queen  is  this  memorandum,  probably  in  Zuccaro's  own  hand- 
writing: '  La  Regina  Elizabeta  di  Ingilterra  in  Londra  Magio  1575  ;'  and  on  that  of  the  Earl  this  : 
'  IlConteRuberto  de  Leicester,  Milord  Lestre,  Favorito  dila  Regina  di  Ingilterra  nel  1575,  in  Londra.' 
By  these  memorandums  it  appears  that  both  these  drawings  were  made  in  London  in  1575,  and  that 
of  the  Queen  in  May,  when  she  was  of  the  age  of  42.     The  Earl  was  in  this  year  43. — In  1575,  soon 
after  these  drawings  were  executed,  the  Queen  was  most  sumptuously  and  magnificently  entertained 
at  Killingworth,  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester." 

1  See  in  this  volume,  p.  192.  *  Ibid.  p.  *199. 

3  We  have  not  been  able  to  trace  her  particular  Visits  in  this  County.  She  purposed  to  have  made 
one  to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  at  Ashby-de-la-Zouch  in  1576,  but  was  disappointed.  See  under 
that  year,  vol.  II.  p.  47. 


XVI  PREFACE. 

Leicester,  then  Chancellor  of  that  University  1 ;  and  Burghley,  the  mansion  of 
the  great  Cecil. 

In  I567,  the  Queen  was  in  Berkshire,  Surrey,  and  Hampshire;  in  1 5 68  in  Kent, 
Essex,  Hertfordshire,  and  Northamptonshire  ;  in  156*0  in  Surrey  and  Hampshire. 

In  1570,  she  was  in  the  City  of  London  again,  to  honour  Sir  Thomas  Gresham, 
on  his  new  building,  the  Royal  Exchange  2. 

In  1571,  she  is  believed  to  have  visited  Hunsdon  House3,  which  had  formerly 
been  her  nursery,  and  which  she  gave  to  her  first  cousin  Henry  Carey,  whom 
she  had  advanced  to  the  title  of  Baron  of  that  place4. 

On  May-day  15 72,  the  loyal  Citizens  of  London,  in  a  general  muster,  shewed 
many  warlike  feats  before  her  Majesty  at  Greenwich  ;  and  a  great  part  of  that 
and  the  following  month  was  spent  in  festivities  both  in  France  and  England  on 

1  Particular  descriptions  of  her  Visits  to  both  Universities,  to  Cambridge  in  Latin,  to  Oxford  in 
English,  were  drawn  up  by  the  same  pen  of  Nicholas  Robinson,  native  of  Conway,  Student  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  Bishop  of  Bangor,  1566. 

*  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  in  1573  entertained  the  Queen  at  his  mansion  at  Mayfield  in  Sussex;  and 
in  1578,  or  1579,  at  his  house  at  Osterley  Park,  Middlesex. 

3  In  vol.  I.  p.  289,  is  a  good  copy  of  Vertue's  famous  print  of  the  Royal  Procession  to  Hunsdon 
House.  In  answer  to  a  letter  from  Lord  Dacre  on  the  subject  of  some  doubts  about  the  locality  of 
Mr.  Vertue's  picture,  Mr.  Gough  says,  June  21,  1783,  "  Your  Lordship  was  pleased  to  call  on  me  for 
my  reasons  for  differing  in  opinion  from  Mr.  Vertue  about  the  view  of  Hunsdon  House,  in  jQueen 
Elizabeth's  Procession.  There  is  not  the  smallest  resemblance  to  that  house  as  given  in  Chauncy,  or 
to  its  present  reduced  state.  There  is  more  water  shewn  round  the  house  than  ever  could  have  been 
there,  not  to  mention  the  Island  to  the  right,  or  in  front  of  it,  with  ships  sailing  round  it,  and  the 
arched  road  leading  to  it.  The  building  supposed  Bishop  Stortford  Castle  cannot  be  seen  from  Huns- 
don, and  is  distant  twelve  miles  at  least  from  it.  The  house,  close  in  front  of  which  the  procession 
passes,  has  never  been  accounted  for.  Mr.  Vertue  brings  the  JQueen  round  by  the  back  of  the  house 
to  the  front  by  the  offices.  This  is  a  very  round-about  way  to  come  from  Hertford.  It  cannot  be 
the  Rye  House,  which  tradition  still  says  was  a  Royal  Nursery  for  Henry  the  Eighth's  children ;  and  a 
chair  or  a  post  for  the  back  of  one  was  lately  shewn  on  its  roof,  and  ascribed  to  the  Princess  Eliza- 
beth. And  yet  it  seems  more  likely  that  her  Majesty  would  go  in  such  a  kind  of  conveyance  as  is 
here  represented  rather  from  thence,  which  is  but  three  miles  from  Hunsdon,  than  from  Theobalds, 
which  is  above  six,  if  she  ever  was  there  ;  and  still  less  from  Hertford,  which  had  not  such  roads  of 
communication  as  have  been  since  opened.  While  1  am  starting  these  objections  to  the  generally- 
received  hypothesis,  I  have  no  better  to  propose." 

*  The  following  entry  is  in  the  vBooks  of  the  Stationers'  Company :    "  A  Songe  betweene  the 
Queene's  Majestie  and  England  ;"  a  sheet,  1571. 


PREFACE.  XV11 

account  of  the  famous  League  of  Elizabeth  with  Charles  IX.  The  Lambeth 
MSS.  have  supplied  on  that  occasion  the  names  of  the  gentlemen  who  accom- 
panied Mons.  Montmorencie  to  this  Kingdom  1)  and  an  account  of  the  jewels, 
plate,  &c.  that  were  given  them.  After  their  departure,  the  Queen  proceeded  on 
a  Progress  into  Essex,  Kent,  Herts,  and  Bedfordshire ;  thence  to  Kenilworth, 
Warwick,  Charlecot,  Long  Coinpton2,  Weston3  juxta  Cheriton,  Berkeley  Castle, 
Woodstock,  Reading,  Windsor,  and  Hampton  Court ;  where,  about  the  end  of 
September,  she  fell  sick  of  the  small-pox,  but  recovered  before  her  illness  was 
publicly  divulged. 

On  the  19th  of  March  1 572-3,  her  Maundy  was  celebrated  at  Greenwich  4. 

In  1573,  she  passed  through  a  part  of  Surrey  and  Sussex;  and  honoured  many 
places  in  Kent  with  her  presence5.  She  visited  Archbishop  Parker  at  Croydon, 
and  seems  to  have  intended  him  a  second  visit  there  in  1574. 

In  1574,  she  commenced  her  Progress  at  Sir  Edward  Umpton's  in  Berkshire  ; 

1  See  the  Burghley  Papers,  vol.  II.  p.  219.  2  See,  in  this  volume,  p.  320. 

3  Weston  House  was  built  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  VIII.  by  William  Sheldon,  Esq.  who  obtained 
licence  from  that  King  in  1545,  to  impark  300  acres  of  land,  meadow,  pasture,  and  wood,  to  be 
called  by  the  name  of  Weston  Park  for  ever,  as  also  a  Charter  of  free- warren  to  himself  and  heirs. 
Queen  Elizabeth  visited  Weston  in  1572:  an  apartment  in  that  house  still  retains  the  name  of  the 
Queen's  Chamber,  as  does  another  that  of  the  Maids  of  Honour's  Room.  Her  coat  of  arms  still  re- 
mains over  the  front  door. — The  working  of  Tapestry  was,  it  is  said,  first  introduced  into  England  by 
the  above-named  William  Sheldon,  who,  at  his  own  expence,  brought  workmen  from  Flanders,  and 
employed  them  in  weaving  maps  of  the  different  Counties  of  England.  Of  these  three  large  Maps, 
the  earliest  specimen,  were  purchased  by  the  late  Earl  of  Orford,  by  whom  they  were  given  to  Earl 
Harcourt.  That  Nobleman  had  them  repaired  and  cleaned,  and  made  them  as  fresh  as  when  first 
out  of  the  loom,  and,  to  use  his  Lordship's  own  words,  "  meant  to  erect  a  Gothic  tower  on  purpose 
to  receive  that  magnificent  mark  of  the  friendship  of  Mr.  Walpole;"  but  afterwards  presented  them 
to  Mr.  Gough,  who  highly  prized  them,  and  in  his  last  will  bequeathed  then)  with  his  very  valuable 
topographical  library  to  the  University  of  Oxford.  These  fragments  contain  a  section  of  the  centre 
of  the  Kingdom,  including  the  Counties  of  Hereford,  Salop,  Stafford,  Worcester,  Warwick,  Glou- 
cester, and  Oxford,  with  the  North  part  of  Berks.  Two  of  them  are  eight  yards,  by  one  and  a  quarter; 
the  third  smaller. 

This  house  is  situated  on  a  fine  knoll,  from  which  the  lawn  gradually  descends,  and  is  bounded  by 
clumps  and  a  grove  of  very  large  trees  ;  the  extensive  prospects,  the  inequality  of  the  ground,  and 
the  luxuriancy  of  the  trees,  make  the  whole  extremely  picturesque  and  beautiful. 

*  The  celebration  of  the  Maundy  in  1559-60  at  Greenwich  is  noticed  in  p.  83. 

s  "  An  Oration  made  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  Lat.  and  Eng.  Anno  1573,"  8vo,  is  entered  in  the 
Books  of  the  Stationers'  Company. 


XV111  PREFACE. 

and  thence,  passing  through  Woodstock,  visited  old  Lady  Chandos  at  Sudeley 
Castle  ;  and  Lord  Berkeley  at  Berkeley  Castle ;  and  was  afterwards  amused  at 
Bristol  with  the  regular  Siege  of  a  Fort ;  was  entertained  at  Longleat,  Heytes- 
bury1 ,  and  Wilton  ;  and  visited  the  City  of  New  Saru'm. 

The  most  memorable  of  the  Queen's  Progresses,  and  the  longest  in  duration, 
was  in  1575,  when  she  passed  from  Theobalds,  through  Bedfordshire,  to  her 
Palace  at  Grafton2  in  Northamptonshire,  and  thence  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester's 
splendid  Castle  of  Kenilworth,  whom  she  then  visited  for  the  third  time;  and 
was  magnificently  entertained  for  nineteen  days3.  Her  return4  was  through 
Staffordshire,  Gloucestershire,  Oxfordshire,  and  Berks. 

1  When  I  noticed  this  Visit,  in  vol.  I.  p.  408,  the  only  authority  I  had  was  the  present  given 
to  the  jQueen  by  Sir  Henry  Charington  (so  written  in  the  Bill  of  New-year's  Gifts),  but  by  the  assist- 
ance of  Sir  Richard  Colt  Hoare,  I  am  now  enabled  to  spell  it  more  correctly.  "  On  looking  into  the 
Visitation  of  Wilts,"  says  that  worthy  Baronet,  "  I  find  there  the  family  of  Sherington,  described  of 
Lacocke,  co.  Wilts,  which  place  is  in  North  Wilts,  not  in  the  line  between  Longleat  and  Wilton.  Sir 
H'illiam  Sherington  is  there  mentioned  :  Henry  Sherington  was  heir  to  Sir  William.  Sherington  was 
a  very  old  family.  Sir  William  Sherington  had  a  grant  at  one  period  of  the  hospital  at  Heytesbury, 
but  I  cannot  learn  that  he  ever  possessed  the  house  of  the  Hungerfords  at  that  place." 

Sir  Henry  Cherington,  was  Henry  Charington,  Esq.  who  had  been  High  Sheriff  of  Wilts  in  1567, 
and  was  probably  knighted  about  the  time  of  this  Royal  Visit. 

'- 1  know  of  no  such  family  as  Charington ;  there  is  a  place  called  Sherrington  in  the  Vale  of  Wilts, 
in  a  direct  line  between  Longleat  and  Wilton,  and  close  to  Mr.  Lambert's  at  Beyton,  but  I  know 
nothing  about  it."  R.  C.  H. — In  addition  to  this  obliging  information  I  have  the  following  extract 
from  the  Churchwardens'  Book  at  Mere,  co.  Wilts  :  "  1573  (this  should  be  1574).  Paid  to  one 
Powell,  deputy  to  Henry  Wiicoks,  Clarke  of  the  Markett,  for  his  reward,  sitting  at  Meere,  the  Queen 
being  at  Hatchbury  [Heytesbury],  in  the  month  of  August  last  past,  within  the  verge,  20s."  Modern 
Wiltshire,  Part  I.  p.  21. 

2  It  may  be  worth  noticing  that  on  this  occasion  a  quantity  of  Ale  was  sent  to  Kenilworth  from  one 
of  the  Queen's  Palaces  (probably  from  Grafton)  ;  see,  in  this  volume,  p.  525.  In  a  subsequent  Pro- 
gress into  Hampshire,  Ale  was  in  like  manner  sent  for  the  Queen's  use  from  Guildford  to  South- 
ampton ;  see  vol.  III.  p.  84. 

3  In  this  Visit  Leicester  exerted  his  whole  magnificence  "  in  a  manner  so  splendid,  as  to  claim  a 
remembrance  even  in  the  annals  of  our  country."  He  had  received  such  distinguishing  marks  of  his 
Mistress's  favour,  that  he  could  not  return  an  equivalent. 

4  Whilst  the  Queen  was  at  Kenilworth,  we  are  told  by  Laneham  (vol.  I.  p.  468),  that  she  had  invi- 
tations to  visit  Lichfield,  Worcester,  and  Middleton.  There  are  accounts  of  her  being  at  the  two 
first  of  these  places ;  but  I  cannot  find  that  she  was  at  Middleton,  or  even  at  which  Town  of  the 
many  so  named  she  was  expected.  My  excellent  friend  Mr.  Archdeacon  Churton,  whom  I  consulted 
on  that  subject,  says,  "  I  have  taken  some  pains  to  find  out  what  Middleton  in  this  part  of  the  king- 


PREFACE.  XIX 

In  1576,  the  Queen  had  meditated  a  Progress  to  Grafton  and  Northampton, 
and  thence  to  Leicester,  and  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon's,  at  Ashby-de-la-Zouch1. 
But  the  plan  was  changed  for  a  Visit  in  Surrey;  and  was  followed  by  a  short  tour 
through  Hertfordshire,  Buckinghamshire,  and  Berkshire. 

A  specimen  of  the  house-keeping  in  1576*,  by  the  Queen's  Purveyor,  and  of 
her  Majesty's  table,  may  be  seen  at  large  in  vol.  II.  pp.  8 — 51. 

Early  in  1577,  she  spent  three  days  at  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon's  at  Gorhambury, 
and  meditated  another  Progress  into  Surrey,  Sussex,  and  Kent ;  but  the  plan 
was  prevented  from  apprehension  of  the  plague,  which  in  that  year  was  particu- 
larly prevalent  at  Oxford.     She  visited,  however,  some  parts  of  Surrey. 

In  1578,  she  went  over  Essex,  Hertfordshire,  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Cambridge- 
shire ;  and  received  the  compliments  of  the  University  of  Cambridge  in  her  way 
at  Audley  Inn.  In  this  Progress  the  Queen  made  fifteen  Knights  in  Norfolk 
and  Suffolk;  which,  as  she  was  not  profuse  in  conferring  this  honorary  title, 
was  the  greater  favour  on  those  whom  she  thus  distinguished. 

In  1579,  she  again  visited  Essex  and  Suffolk. 

In  February  1581-2,  she  accompanied  the  Duke  of  Anjou,  whom  she  had  jilted2 
with  her  usual  art,  to  Canterbury  on  his  departure3.  And  this  year  was  marked 
by  some  very  entertaining  Devices  at  the  Triumphal  Justs  in  the  Tilt-yard. 

dom  could  be  honoured  with  a  visit  by  the  Virgin  Queen  in  1575,  in  the  way  from  Worcester  to 
Woodstock.  Middleton  Cheney  is  not  in  the  line,  and  there  was  no  '  Squire  of  high  degree'  here, 
either  then  or  since,  to  receive  a  Royal  Visitor,  '  dressed  in  his  Sunday  clothes.'  Middleton  Stony, 
Lord  Jersey's,  about  12  or  14  miles  from  hence,  is  in  Oxfordshire,  but  not  in  the  road  from  Worces- 
ter to  Woodstock,  but  rather  beyond  Woodstock,  in  the  line  from  Worcester.  A  friend  says  he  sees  a 
Middleton  in  the  map  between  Evesham  and  Stratford-on-Avon,  but  it  seems,  he  says,  out  of  the  road 
from  Worcester  to  Woodstock  5  and  yet  a  Middleton  between  Evesham  and  Stratford-on-Avon  cannot 
be  much  out  of  the  way.  My  friend  asks,  'whether  it  might  not  be  Lord  Middleton's  seat  in  War- 
wickshire, which  is  in  a  direct  line  between  Kenilworth  and  Lichfield,'  and  so  might  be  included  in 
the  Royal  Tour,  though  it  is  not  between  Worcester  and  Woodstock.  Mr.  Carlisle's  '  Topographical 
Dictionary '  has  not  less  than  41  Middletons." 

1  Ashby-de-la-Zouch  was  a  fair  house,  with  a  lofty  stone  tower,  built  by  William  Hastings,  be- 
headed by  Richard  III.  and  being  made  a  garrison  for  the  King  it  was  demolished  in  the  Civil  War, 
1648.  James  I.  was  entertained  here,  with  his  whole  Court,  many  days,  by  the  then  Earl  of  Hunting- 
don ;  during  which  time  dinner  was  always  served  up  by  30  poor  Knights  in  velvet  gowns,  with 
gold  chains.     See  the  History  of  Leicestershire. 

*  As  she  may  be  said  to  have  before  done  to  his  brother  the  Duke  of  Alencon,  with  whom  a  treaty 
had  been  on  foot  for  the  nine  preceding  years.  J  See  vol.  II.  p.  345. 


XX  PREFACE. 

From  that  time  to  1588  she  appears  to  have  remained  quiet  at  Westminster. 
The  interval  was  filled  up  with  shews  and  tiltings  on  the  reception  of  foreign  Princes 
and  Ambassadors.  The  year  1586*  was  a  year  of  conspiracy  and  discontent l,  dis- 
tinguished by  that  treaty  between  her  and  James  of  Scotland,  an  union  of  Pro- 
testant Princes  against  the  Catholic  ones ;  and  in  this  year  was  discovered  the 
famous  conspiracy  to  assassinate  Elizabeth,  which  hastened  the  trial  and  execu- 
tion of  the  unfortunate  Queen  of  Scots.  To  these  events  alludes  the  speech  of 
Mr.  Hake,  Mayor  of  Windsor,  printed  in  this  collection2. 

Her  reception  by  her  Army  at  Tilbury,  in  1 588,  when  she  reviewed  them  before 
the  defeat  and  dispersion  of  the  Spanish  Armada,  was  too  splendid  a  triumph  to 
be  omitted  here,  although  the  description  be  rather  doggrel  3.  The  unanimity 
of  the  kingdom  on  this  occasion  appears  evident  in  their  preparations  for  defence. 
The  high  tower  at  Gravesend,  called  the  Blockhouse,  was  built  on  this  occasion  ; 
a  beacon  was  erected  at  Tenterden  ;  and  the  Queen  appears  personally  to  have 
visited  her  forts4  on  both  sides  the  Thames.  To  the  transactions  of  this  year, 
Churchyard's  "  Rebuke  to  Rebellion  "  has  an  especial  reference.  We  have  added 
the  public  thanksgivings  on  the  occasion. 

In  1591,  we  find  the  Queen  re-commencing  her  Progresses  over  Surrey,  Sussex, 
and  Hampshire ;  and  entertained  at  various  places,  particularly  at  Cowdray,  Elve- 
tham,  and  Tichfield ;  and  the  next  year  at  Bisham,  Sudeley,  and  Rycott,  with  all 
the  fantastic  pageantry  of  the  time. 

In  1592,  she  paid  a  second  Visit  to  Oxford,  in  compliment  to  Lord  Burleigh, 
then  Chancellor  of  that  University. 

In  1594,  the  Students  of  Gray's  Inn  entertained  the  Queen  and  her  Courtiers 
with  a  very  magnificent  and  expensive  Masque5. 

1  The  interest  which  the  Citizens  of  London  felt  in  the  detection  of  a  conspiracy  then  discovered, 
will  appear  from  a  Letter  from  the  Queen  to  Sir  George  Barne,  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  printed  in 
vol.  II.  p.  481.  2  See  vol.  II.  p.  460. 

s  This  Heroic  Poem  contains  a  most  particular  description  of  the  expedition  against  Spain  both 
by  sea  and  land  ;  and  chiefly  of  the  camp  at  Tilbury,  of  the  Queen's  coming  thither,  and  of  her  act- 
ing, speeches,  and  behaviour  there,  more  than  any  other  history  of  that  subject. 

4  She  lodged  one  night  at  Sandgate  Castle,  two  miles  W.  from  Folkstone.  So  lately  as  1775  there 
were  only  two  houses  there  besides  the  fort ;  since  that  a  large  hamlet  has  sprung  up. 

5  A  still  more  sumptuous  Masque  was  intended,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  following  letter  from  the 
great  Bacon,  preserved  in  Harl.  MSS.  7042,  No.  2 :  "It  may  please  your  good  Lordship,  am  sorry  the 


PREFACE.  XXI 

Such  Entertainments  and  Revels  at  the  Four  principal  Inns  of  Court 1  were  of 
great  antiquity,  and  continued  till  nearly  the  end  of  the  Seventeenth  Century2. 

joint  Masque  from  the  Four  Inns  of  Court  faileth;  wherein  I  conceive  there  is  no  other  ground  of  that 
event  but  impossibility.  Nevertheless,  because  it  faileth  out  that  at  this  time  Gray's  Inn  is  well  fur- 
nished of  gallant  young  gentlemen,  your  Lordship  may  be  pleased  to  know,  that  rather  than  this 
occasion  shall  pass  without  some  demonstration  of  affection  from  the  Inns  of  Court,  there  are  a  dozen 
gentlemen  of  Gray's  Inn,  that,  out  of  the  honour  which  they  bear  to  your  Lordship  and  my  Lord 
Chamberlain,  to  whom  at  their  last  Masque  they  were  so  much  bounden,  will  be  ready  to  furnish  a 
Masque ;  wishing  it  were  in  their  power  to  perform  it  according  to  their  mind.  And  so  for, the  pre- 
sent I  humbly  take  my  leave,  resting  your  Lordship's  very  humble  and  much  bounden,  Fr.  Bacon." 

1  "  In  these  Colleges  [the  Temple,  Gray's  Inn,  and  Lincoln's  Inn]  numbers  of  the  young  nobility, 
gentry,  and  others,  are  educated,  and  chiefly  in  the  study  of  Physic ;  for  very  few  apply  themselves  to 
the  Law.     They  are  allowed  a  very  good  table,  and  silver  cups  to  drink  out  of."     Hentzner. 
Of  the  grand  Christmas  at  the  Temple  in  1562,  see  vol.  I.  p.  131 ;  of  the  Revels  at  Lincoln's  Inn, 
p.  251  j  and  of  the  Sports  and  Pastimes  at  Gray's  Inn,  vol.  II.  p.  390 ;  vol.  III.  p.  262. 

*  This  is  evident  from  the  following  little  Ticket,  of  which  the  original  Plate  has  been  kindly 
lent  by  my  very  worthy  Friend  Sir  Thomas  Gery  Cullum,  Baronet,  who  long  since  purchased  it  from 
the  pack  of  an  itinerant  pedlar,  in  which  it  was  mixed  with  a  parcel  of  old  coins. 


<uiall 


Ccuullemas-  .A&ftit  at  &  ofy-   ^lack 


*d  r  Has  que  /  .  cy{/Jf^  • 

By  the  Records  of  Gray's  Inn,  it  appears  that  Sir  Richard  Gipps  was  of  Great  Weltham  in  Suf- 
folk, and  admitted  a  Student  on  5  Feb.  1675.  He  appears  to  have  been  rather  a  turbulent  Member 
of  the  Society,  and  therefore  probably  not  the  worse  adapted  for  the  festive  trust  reposed  in  him ;  as 
from  subsequent  entries  he  was  placed  under  censure  of  the  Bench,  for  contempt  of  their  authority 
by  tearing  down  some  wholesome  orders  affixed  to  the  screen  in  the  Hall,  and  trampling  them  under 
foot.  On  his  afterwards  expressing  contrition  for  his  conduct,  the  censure  was  withdrawn,  and  an 
order  made  for  restoring  him  to  bis  privileges.  He  was  never  Treasurer  of  the  Society,  nor  are  his 
armorial  bearings  to  be  found  in  the  windows  or  pannels  of  the  Hall.  The  following  entry  occurs 
under  date  of  3  Nov.  1682 :  "  That  Mr.  Richard  Gipps,  on  his  promise  to  perform  the  office  of  Master 
of  the  Revels,  this  and  the  next  Term,  be  called  to  the  Bar  of  Grace,"  i.  e.  being  exempt  from  fees. 
VOL.  I.  d 


x*ll  PREFACE-. 

5n  I59i>5  the  Earl  of  Essex  celebrated  with  a  curious  Device  the  Anniversary 
of  his  Sovereign's  Accession  to  the  Throne. 

In  1599,  the  Queen  went  again  over  part  of  Berkshire. 

In  1600,  she  honoured  the  nuptials  of  Lord  Herbert1  with  her  presence  in 
Black  Friars,  and  was  there  entertained  with  Dancing  and  a  Masque  at  the  Lord 
Cobham's,  and  even  "  da wnced"  herself,  though  in  her  68th  year,  and  at  his 
house  she  slept  the  following  night. 

In  16*00  and  16*01,  she  visited  Bishop  Bancroft  at  Fulham  Palace;  and  made 
her  Progresses  into  Surrey,  Hampshire,  Wiltshire  and  Berks. 

In  the  "  Medallic  History  of  England,"  Plate  IX.  fig.  10,  a  jetton  is  engraved 
from  which  it  has  been  conjectured  that  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1601  touched  for 
the  Evil 2.  On  the  obverse  is  inscribed,  Unum  a  Deo  duobus  sustineo  ;  on 
the  reverse,  the  monogram  of  Elizabeth  under  a  crown,  1601,  with  Afflictorum 
Conservatrix  s.     But  it  is  not  easy  to  put  this  construction  on  these  legends. 

Tins  fixes  the  Masque  to  which  the  Ticket  applies  to  Candlemas-night  (2  February)  16S2-3.     He  was 
Master  of  the  Revels  to  King  Charles  II.  by  whom  he  was  knighted  at  Whitehall,  Nov.  27,  1682. 

Prince  in  his  '<  Worthies  of  Devon,"  says  that  "  John  Giles,  Esq.  of  Boroden,  left  his  estate  unto 
Mary  his  only  daughter  and  heir,  lately  married  unto  Sir  Richard  Gipps.  By  this  Lady,  who  was 
living  in  1599,  he  had  three  sons,  Richard,  John,  Edward-George,  and  one  daughter,  Mary.  Noble, 
in  his  Continuation  of  Granger,  vol.  I.  205,  notices  a  mezzotinto  Portrait,  16S7,  in  which  he 
is  styled  "  Sir  Richard  Gipps,  of  Weltham,  Suffolk,"  and  re-marries  him  to  Elizabeth  Barnes,  by 
whom  he  had  a  son  Simon,  a  Captain  in  the  Dragoons.  Sir  Richard  was  an  intelligent  Anti- 
quary, made  some  collections  towards  a  History  of  Suffolk,  and  died  Dec.  21,  1708,  at  Welnetham, 
where  he  was  buried,  but  has  no  epitaph.  Sir  John  Cullum  (in  Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  VIII.  p.  679) 
observes,  "  that  in  the  Chancel  of  West  Harling  Church  is  a  good  bust  of  [his  son]  Richard  Gipps, 
Esq.  by  Wilton.  It  is  remarkable  that  there  were,  in  Suffolk,  at  the  same  period  two  persons  of  the 
same  name,  and  both  knighted.  Richard  Gipps,  Esq.  of  Horningshall,  received  the  honour  at  Sax- 
ham,  Oct.  20, 1676.  He  married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  Sir  Edmund  Poley,  of  Oddley,  Suffolk,  Knight, 
sister  of  Lady  Davers.  See  Kirby's  Suffolk  Traveller,  pp.  200.  219,  and  Le  Neve's  Knights  Bachelor, 
in  Harl.  MSS.  5801.  pp.  125.  160. 

1  Henry  Somerset  Lord  Herbert,  eldest  son  of  William  fourth  Earl  of  Worcester.  He  married 
Anne,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of  John  Lord  Russel,  son  and  heir  of  Francis  Earl  of  Bedford.  Of  this 
ceremonial  see  vol.  III.  p.  498.  They  were  married  in  some  Church  near  the  Earl  of  Pembroke's 
mansion,  probably  St.  Benedict's,  Paul's  Wharf,  where  many  of  that  noble  family  were  buried ;  and 
the  Queen  passed  through  Dr.  Puddin's  house,  supposed  to  be  in  Doctors'  Commons.  The  fine  Con- 
ventual Church  of  the  Black  Friars  was  pulled  down  before,  and  with  it  the  parochial  one  of  St.  Anne  5 
but  the  latter  re-built  in  1 597  (Stow's  Survey,  p.  375).  With  a  view  to  illustrate  this  particular  solem- 
nity, the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine  obligingly  searched  the  parochial  registers  of  St.  Andrew  Wardrobe 
and  St.. Anne  Blackfriars ;  but  found  there  "  no  notice  of  the  marriage,  or  circumstance  alluded  to." 
The  Registers  of  most  of  the  adjoining  parishes  were  consumed  in  the  Great  Fire. 

■  As  she  had  done  at  Kenilworth  in  1575.  3  See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LXXV.  p.  209. 


PREFACE.  XX111 

In  1^02,  the  Queen  visited,  at  short  distances  from  the  Capital,  in  Middlesex 
and  Kent;  and  early  in  the  following  year  she  closed  her  Reign  and  Life  l. 

It  has  been  objected  that  these  Visits  (the  shortest  of  which  were  two  days)  were 
calculated  only  to  impoverish  her  wealthiest  and  best  subjects,  under  colour  of  her 
high  favours ;  and  her  most  costly  Visit  to  Kenil worth,  the  pompous  Castle  of  her 

1  In  the  Memoirs  of  Anne,  the  celebrated  Countess  of  Pembroke,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Cum- 
berland (see  vol.  III.  p.  491),  written  by  herself,  are  the  following  curious  particulars  relative  to  the 
latter  days  of  Queen  Elizabeth  :  "  In  the  year  of  our  Lord  1603,  at  Christmas  I  used  to  goe  much  to 
the  Court,  and  sometymes  did  lye  in  my  Aunt  of  Warwick's  Chamber  on  a  pallet,  to  whom  I  was 
much  bound  for  her  continuall  care  and  love  of  me ;  in  so  much  as  if  Queene  Elizabeth  had  lived, 
she  intended  to  have  preferred  me  to  be  of  ye  Privie  Chamber  5  for  at  that  tyme  ther  was  as  much 
hope  and  expectation  of  me  both  for  my  person  and  my  fortunes  as  of  any  other  yeonge  Lady  what- 
soever. A  little  after  the  Queen  removed  to  Ritchmond  she  began  to  grow  sicklie :  my  La.  used  to 
goe  often  thither  and  carried  me  wth  her  in  the  coach,  and  useinge  to  wait  in  the  Coffer-chamber,  and 
many  times  came  home  verie  late.  About  the  21st  or  22d  of  Marche  my  aunt  of  Warwicke  sent  my 
mother  word  about  nine  of  ye  clock  at  night,  she  lieinge  then  at  Clerkenwell,  yt  she  should  remove 
to  Austen  Friers  hir  house  for  feare  of  some  comotion,  though  God  in  his  mercie  did  deliver  us  from 
it.  Uppon  the  24th  Mr.  Hocknell,  my  aunt  of  Warwick's  man,  brought  us  word  from  his  La.  that  the 
Queen  about  died  4  of  ye  clock  in  the  morneinge.  This  message  was  delivered  to  my  mother  and  me 
in  the  same  chamber  wher  afterwards  I  was  married.  About  ten  of  the  clock  King  James  was  pro- 
claimed in  Cheapside  by  all  ye  Counsell  wth  great  joy  and  triumphe,  which  triumphe  I  went  to  see  and 
heare.  This  peaceable  comeinge  in  of  the  Kinge  was  unexpected  of  all  sorts  of  people.  Within  two 
or  three  daies  we  returned  to  Clerkenwell  againe.  A  little  after  this  Queen  Elizabeth's  corps  came 
by  night  in  a  barge  from  Ritchmond  to  Whithall,  my  mother  and  a  great  companie  of  Ladies  attend- 
ing it,  wher  it  continued  a  good  whil  standinge  in  the  Drawinge-chamber,  wher  it  was  watched  all 
night  by  severall  Lo.  and  Ladies  :  my  mother  sittinge  up  wth  it  two  or  three  nights :  but  my  La. 
would  not  give  me  leave  to  watch  by  reason  I  was  heald  too  yeonge.  At  this  tyme  we  used  to  go 
verie  much  to  Whithall,  and  walked  mutch  in  the  Garden,  wch  was  much  frequented  with  Lords  and 
Ladies,  being  all  full  of  severall  hopes,  everie  man  expectinge  mountaines  and  finding  mole-hills, 
excepting  Sir  Robert  Cecill  and  the  house  of  the  Howards,  who  hated  my  mother,  and  did  not  much 
Jove  my  aunt  of  Warwicke.  When  the  corps  of  Queen  Elizabeth  had  continued  at  Whithall  as  long 
as  the  Counsell  had  thought  fit,  it  was  caried  from  thence  wth  great  solemnitie  at  Westminster,  the 
Lords  and  Ladies  goinge  on  foot  to  attend  it,  my  mother  and  my  aunt  of  Warwick  being  mourners, 
but  I  was  not  alowed  to  be  one  because  I  was  not  highe  enoughe,  wch  did  mutch  trouble  me  then ; 
but  yet  I  stood  in  the  Church  at  Westminster  to  se  the  solemnitie  performed.  A  little  after  this  my 
Ladie  and  a  great  deale  of  other  companie,  as  Mrs.  Elizab.  Bridges,  my  La.  Newton  and  hir  daughter, 
my  La.  Finch,  went  downe  w*h  my  aunt  of  Warwick  to  North-hall,  and  from  thence  we  all  went  to 
Tibbals  to  se  the  King,  who  used  my  mother  and  my  aunt  verie  gratiouslie  ;  but  we  all  saw  a  great 
chaunge  betweene  the  fashion  of  the  Court  as  it  was  now,  and  of  yt  in  ye  Queene's.  I  was  at 
Queene  Elizabeth's  death  13   yeeres  old  and  two  moneths ;    and  this  day  Mr.  Richard  Sackville 


XXIV  PREFACE. 

own  Leicester,  has  been  alledged  as  one  of  the  strongest  proofs  of  this  suspicion  !. 
But  are  we  sure  that  Leicester  thought  he  paid  too  high  a  price  for  that  exclusive 
privilege2,  or  gratified  his  ambition  too  cheaply  in  that  parade  of  magnificence  in  the 
Low  Countries,  1585}  which  made  both  his  Mistress  and  the  States  so  jealous  of 
him?  or  that  the  Earl  of  Hertford  regretted  the  expence  of  regaling  her  Majesty  at 
Elvetham,  to  regain  her  long-forfeited  favour;  or  Sir  Thomas  Egerton,  for  a  similar 
reason,  both  at  his  residence  at  Westminster,  and  his  mansion  at  Harefield;  or  that 
Sir  Robert  Cecil  thought  much  of  the  great  Entertainments  he  gave  her  at  Theo- 
balds, when  she  conferred  the  honour  of  Knighthood  on  him  in  1591  ;  and  it  was 
expected  he  would  have  been  advanced  to  the  Secretaryship  f  "  But  so  it  was,  as 
we  say  in  Court,  that  the  Knighthood  must  serve  for  both,"  says  Thomas  Wylkes3. 
He  was,  however,  made  Secretary  five  years  after4.  He  glories  how  much  Theo- 
balds was  increased  by  occasion  of  her  Majesty's  often  coming ;  whom  to  please, 
says  he5,  I  never  would  omit  to  strain  myself  to  more  charges  than  building  it. 
He  enlarged  a  chamber  for  her  at  her  desire.  But  in  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  wall 
at  Osterley,  and  Sir  Francis  Carew's  garden  at  Bedington6,  may  be  seen  a  striking 
instance  of  the  desire  her  Majesty's  subjects  had  to  please  her  on  her  Visits7. 

"  King  Henry  VII.  if  his  chance  had  been  to  lye  at  any  of  his  subjects'  houses, 
or  to  pass  more  meales  than  one,  he  that  would  take  upon  him  to  defray  the 
charge  of  his  diet,  or  of  his  Officers  and  Household,  he  would  be  marvelously 
offended  with  it,  saying,  '  What  private  subject  dare  undertake  a  Prince's  charge, 
or  look  into  the  secret  of  his  expence  ?'  Her  Majesty  hath  been  known  oftentimes 
to  mislike  the  superfluous  expence  of  her  subjects,  bestowed  upon  her  in  times  of 
her  Progresses8." — "The  business  was,"  as  a  great  Writer  has  observed9,  "  to  wel- 
come the  Queen  to  the  respective  Palaces,  and  at  the  same  time  to  celebrate  the 

was  just  14  yeares  old,  he  beinge  then  at  Dorset-house  with  his  grandfather  and  that  great  familie." 
— This  Lady  was  afterwards  married  to  Mr.  Richard  Sackvile,  who  in  1608  succeeded  his  Father 
as  Earl  of  Dorset,  and  died  Feb.  13,  1608-9.    She  was  re-married  to  William  Earl  of  Pembroke. 
'  Bishop  Hurd,  Dialogues  Moral  and  Political,  p.  193. 

*  Especially  if  we  believe  Sir  William  Dugdale's  account,  that  he  had  expended  ^.6000  on  the 
Castle,  Park,  and  Chase,  of  which  he  had  a  grant  5  Eliz.     Warwickshire,  p.  166. 

3  Letter  to  Sir  Robert  Sidney.     See  vol.  III.  p.  74,  4  Rapin,  vol.  IX.  p.  171. 

s  Letter  to  a  Friend,  August  14,  1585.     See  vol.  I.  p.  205. 

«  See  vol.  III.  p.  441.  7  See  vol.  II.  p.  279. 

*  Puttenham's  Art  of  English  Poetry,  4to,  1589,  p.  247.  She  had,  however,  a  difficult  task  to 
regulate  the  oppressions  of  her  Purveyors. 

9  Bishop  Hurd,  Dialogues  Moral  and  Political,  pp.  150 — 165. 


PREFACE.  XXV 

honours  of  her  government ;  and  what  more  decent  way  of  complimenting  a  great 
Prince  than  through  the  veil  of  fiction  ;  or  what  so  elegant  way  of  entertaining  a 
learned  Prince,  as  by  working  up  that  fiction  out  of  the  old  poetical  story1 :  and  if 
something  of  the  Gothic  romance  adhered  to  these  classical  fictions,  it  was  not  for 
any  barbarous  pleasure  that  was  taken  in  this  patch-work,  but  that  the  artist  found 
means  to  incorporate  them  with  the  highest  grace  and  ingenuity.  The  deities 
introduced  in  the  compliments  at  Renilworth  were  those  of  the  waters,  the  most 
artful  panegyric  on  the  Naval  glory  of  this  Reign,  and  the  most  grateful  represen- 
tation to  the  Queen  of  the  Ocean,  as  Elizabeth  was  then  called.     The  attributes 

1  "  Nothing  could  be  more  amusing  to  rude  minds,  just  opening  to  a  taste  of  letters,  than  the 
fabulous  story  of  the  pagan  gods,  which  is  constantly  interwoven  in  every  piece  of  antient  poetry. 
Hence  the  imitative  arts  of  Sculpture,  Painting,  and  Poetry,  were  immediately  employed  in  these 
pagan  exhibitions.  But  this  was  not  all.  The  first  artists  in  every  kind  were  of  Italy  ;  and  it  was 
but  natural  for  them  to  act  these  fables  over  again  on  the  very  spot  that  had  first  produced  them. 
These  too,  were  the  masters  to  the  rest  of  Europe:  so  that  fashion  concurred  with  the  other  preju- 
dices of  the  time,  to  recommend  this  practice  to  the  learned.  From  the  men  of  art  and  literature 
the  enthusiasm  spread  itself  to  the  Great ;  whose  supreme  delight  it  was  to  see  the  wonders  of  the 
old  poetical  story  brought  forth,  and  realized,  as  it  were,  before  them.  Hence  it  is  that  a  celebrated 
Dramatic  Writer  of  those  days  represents  the  entertainment  of  masks  and  shows,  as  the  highest  indul- 
gence that  could  be  provided  for  a  luxurious  and  happy  Monarch.     His  words  are  these : 

"-  Music  and  poetry  are  his  delight. 

Therefore  I'll  have  Italian  masques  by  night, 

Sweet  speeches,  comedies,  and  pleasing  shows  ; 

And  in  the  day,  when  he  shall  walk  abroad, 

Like  Sylvan  Nymphs  my  pages  shall  be  clad  : 

My  men,  like  Satyrs,  gazing  on  the  lawns, 

Shall  with  their  goat-feet  dance  the  antic  hay  : 

Sometimes  a  lovely  boy  in  Dian's  shape, 

With  hair,  that  gilds  the  water  as  it  glides, 

Crownets  of  pearls  about  his  naked  arms, 

And  in  his  sportfulhands  an  olive-tree, 

Shall  bathe  him  in  a  spring,  and  there  hard  by 

One  like  Acteon,  peeping  through  the  grove, 

Shall  by  the  angry  Goddess  be  transform'd — 

Such  things  as  these  best  please  his  Majesty."      /     Marlow's  Edward  II. 

f 

And  how  exactly  this  dramatist  painted  the  humour  of  the  times,  we  may  see  from  the  entertainment 
provided,  not  many  years  after,  for  the  reception  of  King  James  at  Althorp  in  Northamptonshire ; 
where  this  very  design  of  Sylvan  Nymphs,  Satyrs,  and  Actaeon,  was  executed  in  a  Masque  by  Ben 
Jonson."     Bishop  Hurd,  ubi  supra. 


XXVI  PREFACE. 

and  dresses  of  the  deities  themselves  are  studied  with  care,  and  the  most  learned 
poets  of  the  time  employed  to  make  them  speak  and  act  in  perfect  character.  To 
shew  that  all  this  propriety  was  intended  by  the  Designer  himself,  and  not  ima- 
gined by  his  Encomiast,  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  who  some  years  after  had  the 
honour  to  receive  her  Majesty  at  his  seat  in  Hampshire,  because  he  had  not  a 
canal  in  readiness  like  that  at  Kenilworth,  employed  a  vast  number  of  hands  to 
hollow  a  bason  in  his  park  for  that  purpose l.  These  devices,  composed  out  of 
the  poetical  history,  were  not  only  vehicles  of  compliment  to  the  Great  on  solemn 
occasions,  but  of  the  soundest  moral  lessons,  artfully  thrown  in  and  recommended 
by  the  charm  of  poetry  and  numbers  3." 

The  Earl  of  Hertford  whom  she  visited  in  1558  was' Edward  Seymour,  eldest 
son  of  Edward  Duke  of  Somerset,  uncle  to  Edward  VI.  and  beheaded  in  his 
reign.  His  son  was  restored  by  Elizabeth  in  her  first  year,  and  created  Baron 
Beauchamp  and  Earl  of  Hertford.  He  incurred  her  displeasure,  1 563,  four  years 
after,  by  marrying  a  daughter  of  the  late  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  sister  of  the  con- 
sort of  Jane  Grey  ;  and  she  made  him  feel  the  full  weight  of  it,  fining  him 
,^.5000,  imprisoning  him  nine  years,  till  1572,  and  his  wife  till  her  death.  He 
married,  secondly,  Frances,  daughter  of  William  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham, 
sister  of  Charles  Earl  of  Nottingham,  who  was  probably  the  Lady  who  had  the 
honour  of  entertaining  her  Majesty  at  Elvetham3  1591,  where  her  Lord  spared  no 
expence  to  recover  his  Sovereign's  favour. 

Sudeley  Castle,  in  Leland's  time,  was  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  Gloucester- 
shire, the  windows  of  the  hall  being  glazed  with  round  beryls.  It  had  long  belonged 
to  a  family  of  its  name,  the  last  of  whom,  to  avoid  confiscation,  sold  it  to  Ed- 

1  He  caused  also  a  View  of  it  to  be  engraved  ;  which  is  copied  in  vol.  III.  p.  108. 

2  The  grave  Sir  Thomas  More  in  his  youth,  for  his  pastime,  wrote  Pageants,  which  are  prefixed  to 
his  Works,  1557,  fol.  Farmer  on  Shakspeare,  p.  36. — The  grand  Christmas  at  the  Temple  in  1562, 
and  "  The  Masque  at  Gray's  Inn,"  1594,  here  re-printed,  shew  that  even  the  Sages  of  the  Law  did  not 
think  themselves  exempt  from  the  fashion  of  the  times.  The  Speeches  of  the  academical  Students 
were  a  jumble  of  sacred  and  profane  history  blended  into  compliments  to  their  Patroness.  Be  it  how- 
ever remembered,  that  if  Elizabeth's  was  a  reign  of  pageantry  and  devices,  it  was  a  reign  of  business 
and  real  glory  also. 

3  For  the  strewing  of  carpets  on  the  ground  before  Queen  Elizabeth  near  the  water,  see  Warton's 
History  of  Poetry,  vol.  III.  p.  153. 

Clothes  of  gold  before  the  Bride  of  Henry  II.  in  the  Romance  of  Cceur  de  Lion. 

"  He  found  a  Knight  under  a  tre  ; 
Upon  a  cloth  of  gold  he  lay."     Tyrwhitt's  Chaucer,  vol.  I.  p.  156. 


PREFACE.  XXV11 


ward  IV.1  The  owner  of  it  at  this  time  was  Giles  Brydges  third  Earl  of  Chandos, 
whose  grandfather  John  had  been  created  Baron  of  Sudeley  Castle,  1  Mary.  He 
married  Frances,  daughter  of  Edward  Earl  of  Lincoln,  and  died  the  year  after  he 
had  the  honour  of  entertaining  her  Majesty.  The  monuments  of  this  family 
were  destroyed  with  the  Church  during  the  siege  in  the  Civil  Wars. 

Her  Visits  to  Cecil,  it  may  be  presumed,  were  not  unfrequent.  She  was  twelve 
times  at  Theobalds,  beginning  in  156*4,  which  was  a  very  convenient  distance  from 
London.  Each  Visit  cost  Cecil  "  two  or  three  thousand  pounds ;  the  Queen 
lying  there  at  his  Lordship's  charge  sometimes  three  weeks  or  a  month,  or  six 
weeks  together.  Sometimes  she  had  strangers  or  embassadors  came  to  her  thither, 
where  she  has  been  seen  in  as  great  royalty,  and  served  as  bountifully  and  mag- 
nificently as  at  any  other  time  or  place,  all  at  his  Lordship's  charge,  with  rich 
shows,  pleasant  devices,  and  all  manner  of  sports  that  could  be  devised,  to  the 
great  delight  of  her  Majesty  and  her  whole  train,  with  great  thanks  from  all  who 
partook  of  it,  and  as  great  commendations  from  all  that  heard  of  it  abroad.  His 
Lordship's  extraordinary  charge  in  entertaining  of  the  Queen  was  greater  to  him 
than  to  any  of  her  subjects.  But  his  love  to  his  Sovereign,  and  joy  to  entertain 
her  and  her  train,  was  so  great,  that  he  thought  no  trouble,  care,  or  cost,  too 
much,  but  all  too  little,  so  it  were  bountifully  performed  to  her  Majesty's  recrea- 
tion, and  the  contentment  of  her  Train2. 

Bisham,  when  she  visited  it  in  1592,  belonged  to  the  daughter  of  Sir  Nathaniel 
Cook  3,  widow  of  Sir  Thomas  Hobie,  re-married  to  Sir  John  Russell.  In  the 
epitaph  of  her  first  husband  at  Bisham  she  offers  clouds  of  incense  to  his  manes ; 
and  concludes  with  wishing  for  such  another  husband,  or  him  back  again;  or  if 
neither  of  these  requests  could  be  granted,  that  she  may  go  to  him. 
"  Te  Deus  aut  similem  Thomas  mihi  redde  maritum, 
Aut  reddant  Thomas  me  mea  fata  viro4." 

The  entertainments  of  this  Progress  are  marvelously  full  of  quips  and 
conundrums. 

Anthony  Lord  Viscount  Montague  5  was  son  of  Sir  Anthony  Brown,  one  of 
Henry  VIII's  favourite  servants,  who    shared  with    his   Master   in  his  French 

»  Rudder's  Gloucestershire,  p.  717.  *  Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa. 

3  Dugdale's  Baronage.  *  Ashmole's  Berks,  vol.  II.  p.  468. 

5  His  son,  who  was  advanced  to  the  title  of  a  Viscount,  1  Philip  and  Mary,  though  a  zealous  Catho- 
lic, was  so  highly  esteemed  for  his  great  prudence,  that  Elizabeth  employed  him  as  her  Ambassador  to 


XXVlll  PREFACE. 

victories,  which  till  lately  adorned  his  mansion-house  at  Cowdray,  and  reflect  much 
honour  on  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  at  whose  expence  they  were  engraved1. 

Her  Progress  in  1 564  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  was  a  compliment,  to 
Sir  William  Cecil,  who  had  been  chosen  Chancellor  155 8.  Her  second  to  Oxford 
two  years  after,  to  shew  the  same  respect  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester  then  Chancellor, 
and  in  both  she  acquitted  herself  in  a  manner  worthy  the  education  she  had 
received,  and  the  patronage  she  professed  to  give  to  Learning.  The  Reign  of 
Edward  IV.  in  which  Printing  was  invented  and  introduced  among  us,  excited' 
the  first  taste  for  Polite  Literature  ;  to  which  Henry  VIII.  gave  his  sanction  as  a 
polemist;  and  which  was  so  much  cultivated  in  the  Reign  of  his  Son  and  Daugh- 
ters, till  it  sunk   into  pedantry  under  their  Successors  of  the  line  of  Stuart. 

the  King-  of  Spain ;  and  Dr.  Milner,  in  his  History  of  Winchester,  remarks  that  Elizabeth  knew  how  to 
relax  the  Laws  in  favour  of  those  who  pleased  her.  For  example,  Cowdray-house  was  a  kind  of  privi- 
leged place  for  priests,  where  scores  of  them  were  sometimes  assembled ;  and,  in  the  Act,  6th  of  Eliz. 
against  acknowledging  the  Pope's  supremacy,  there  was  an  express  exemption  in  favour  of  Peers. 
Thus,  what  was  high  treason  in  a  Commoner,  was  lawful  in  a  Lord." — Lord  Montague  died  the  year 
after  this  Visit,  and  was  buried  with  his  ancestors  at  Cowdray.  By  his  first  wife  Jane,  daughter  of 
Robert  Earl  of  Sussex,  he  had  issue  Anthony,  who  died  before  him,  leaving  two  sons,  Anthony  the 
second  Viscount,  and  John  3  and  one  daughter,  Mary,  married,  first,  to  Henry  Wriothesley,  Earl  of 
Southampton  j  secondly,  to  Sir  Thomas  Heneage,  Knight;  thirdly,  to  Sir  William  Harvey,  Knight  and 
Baronet,  created  Lord  Rosse  of  Ireland.  By  his  second,  Magdalen,  daughter  of  William  Lord  Dacres 
of  Gillesland,  he  had  George,  knighted  on  this  occasion ;  Thomas  and  Henry  (Sir  William  Dug- 
dale,  vol.  II.  p.  396*,  makes  Henry  fourth  son,  but  this  Progress  calls  him  third  son),  Ranger  of  Windsor 
Forest  ;  Elizabeth,  married  to  Sir  Robert  Dormer,  Knight,  afterwards  Lord  Dormer ;  Mabel ;  and 
Jane,  married  to  Sir  Francis  Lacon,  of  Willey  in  the  county  of  Salop,  Knight. 

Anthony  succeeded  his  grandfather  as  second  Viscount,  and  died  1629.  His  son  Francis  became  third 
Viscount,  and  died  1682,  leaving  a  son,  Francis,  fourth  Viscount,  who  dying  1/08,  was  succeeded  by 
his  brother  Henry,  fifth  Viscount,  who  died  1717.  His  son  Anthony  became  sixth  Viscount,  and 
died  1767,  leaving  Anthony  his  son  seventh  Viscount,  who  was  succeeded  by  his  son  George  Samuel, 
eighth  Viscount,  who  lost  his  life  at  the  Falls  of  Schauffhausen  in  Switzerland,  unmarried,  in  Oct. 
1793.  The  Viscounty  then  descended  to  Mark  Anthony  Browne,  from  John,  second  son  of  Anthony, 
who  was  eldest  son  of  the  first  Viscount.  At  his  death,  in  1797,  the  honours  are  supposed  to  have 
become  extinct. 

The  Priory  mentioned  in  the  account  of  the  Visit  at  Cowdray  (vol.  III.  p.  91)  must  be  that  of 
Essebarn,  Eseburn,  or  Osehurn,  near  Midhurst,  founded  by  Sir  John  Bohun,  of  Midhurst,  in  the  Reign 
of  Henry  HI. ;.  and  granted  28  Henry  VIII.  to  Sir  William  Fitz- William.     Tanner,  p.  563. 

'  One  of  these  Views  is  copied  in  \ol.  III.  p.  90;  and  is  the  more  valuable,  as  the  noble  mansion 
was  demolished  by  an  accidental  fire,  Sept.  25,  1793,  a  few  days  only  before  the  Noble  Owner's  fatal 
death  as  mentioned  in  the  Note  above.     See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LXIII.  pp.  858,  996, 1054, 1213. 


PREFACE.  XXIX 

Her  Visits  to  Suffolk  and  Norfolk,  as  well  as  that  to  Gloucestershire,  were 
politically  directed  to  Counties  where  the  woollen  manufactory  flourished,  having 
derived  no  little  advantage  from  the  troubles  of  the  Low  Countries.  Sir  William 
Spring,  a  wealthy  Clothier,  was  Sheriff.  The  ancestors  of  Sir  Thomas  Kitson 
of  Hengrave1  had  followed  the  same  trade.  Sir  William  Cordell  was  Master  of 
the  Rolls.    Sir  William  Drury  2  had  distinguished  himself  in  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

The  Earl  of  Surrey,  Philip,  son  of  Thomas  Duke  of  Norfolk,  beheaded 
15723  made  the  greatest  figure  in  Norfolk,  at  Kenninghall,  which  falling  to 
the  Crown  on  the  attainder  of  Thomas  Duke  of  Norfolk  by  Henry  VIII.  had 
been  a  favourite  residence  of  her  Majesty,  and  restored  by  her  to  Earl  Philip, 

1  "  Hengrave  Hall  is  a  rare  remaining  example  of  the  domestic  architecture  of  the  beginning  of 
the  sixteenth  century ;  being  an  embattled  Manor-house  built  by  Sir  Thomas  Kytson,  a  very  wealthy 
Merchant  of  London,  between  the  years  1525  and  1538.  This  Sir  Thomas  was  Sheriff  of  London  in 
1533,  and  had,  in  1522,  purchased  Hengrave  (styled  Hemegretha  in  Domesday  Book)  from  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham,  whose  attainder  and  execution  involved  the  property  in  considerable  risk  ;  but  after 
some  law  proceedings,  the  King  relinquished  his  gripe  of  the  forfeiture,  and  the  opulent  Citizen  was 
suffered  to  enjoy  his  estate.  Upon  this  he  erected  the  Hall,  which  cost,  as  appears  from  the  docu-. 
ments  preserved,  about  s£3000.  The  mansion  was  large  and  imposing,  and  the  Gate-house,  espe- 
cially, remains  a  splendid  example  of  the  architectural  magnificence  which  marked  the  epoch  of  the 
Tudorsj  a  fine  English  style,  which  we  admire  so  entirely  that  we  should  be  happy  to  see  it 
restored  and  cultivated  in  our  own  days.  The  grounds  were  laid  out  by  Sir  Thomas  Kytson,  in  the 
Dutch  style,  who  brought  a  Dutch  gardener  thither  to  superintend  them. 

,  "  In  an  Accompt-book  of  Thomas  Fryer,  Steward  of  the  Household  at  Hengrave,  under  "  Foreign 
Charges"  in  April  1583,  are  the  following  entries  respecting  his  Ladye's  attendance  on  the  Queen. 

For  carrying  my  La.  Jewell  chest  to  the  water  side,  when  she  went  to  the  Court  at  Greenwich,  9d. 

For  fire  and  candle  at  the  Court,  12c/. — For  a  billyard  borde  55s. 

To  the  Parson  at  London  for  his  di.  yeres  wages,  12s. 

For  7  yards  3  qrts.  of  poppyngage  green  cloth  for  a  long  borde  and  a  short  borde,  at  London-house 
£3.  9s.  9d. 

For  a  tawney  beaver  hat  for  my  Mr.  30s.  and  a  band  of  black  silk  and  gold  20s. 

For  perle  given  by  my  Mr.  to  my  Mrs.  ^18.  7s.  lOd. 

For  a  case  of  lyon  counters,  18d. — For  a  Shepard's  Calendar  2s."     Gage's  History  of  Hengrave. 

1  The  following  Letter  was  written  by  the  Queen  to  Lady  Drury  on  the  death  of  her  Husband  : 

"Bee  well  aware,  myBesse,  youstrive  not  with  divine  ordinaunce, nor  grudge  at  irremediable  harmes, 
lest  you  offend  the  highest  Lord,  and  no  whitte  amend  the  married  hap.  Heape  not  your  harmes 
where  helpe  ther  is  none;  but  since  you  may  not  that  you  would,  wish  that  you  can  enjoye  with 
comforte,  a  King  for  his  power,  and  a  Queene  for  her  love,  who  loves  not  now  to  protect  you  when 
your  case  requires  care,  and  minds  not  to  omitte  what  ever  may  be  best  for  you  and  yours. 

"  Your  most  loving  careful  Sovraigne,  E.  R." 

vol.  i.  e 


XXX  PREFACE. 


from  whom  she  resumed  it  on  his  attainder  15 82,  on  a  charge  of  favouring 
Popery.  The  Citizens  of  Norwich  outbustled  all  the  rest,  brushed  up  their 
streets,  new  polished  their  houses,  removed  their  dunghills,  new  gravelled  their 
roads  ;  and  not  the  smallest  minutiae  were  left  unattended  to,  or  unrecorded1. 

Elizabeth's  Visit  to  London,  Nov.  24,  15 88,  was  of  another  kind.  The  Queen, 
attended  by  her  Privy  Council,  Nobility,  and  other  honourable  persons,  as  well 
spiritual  as  temporal,  in  great  numbers,  the  French  Ambassador,  and  Judges, 
Heralds  and  trumpets,  all  on  horseback,  came  in  a  chariot  supported  by  four  pil- 
lars, and  drawn  by  two  white  horses,  to  St.  Paul's  Church,  where,  alighting  at  the 
West  door,  she  fell  on  her  knees,  and  audibly  praised  God  for  her  own  and  the 
Nation's  signal  deliverance  from  the  Spanish  Armada;  and  after  a  Sermon  suit- 
able to  the  occasion,  preached  by  Dr.  Pearce,  Bishop  of  Sarum,  she  exhorted  the 
people,  in  a  most  Royal  and  Christian  manner,  to  a  due  performance  of  the  reli- 
gious duty  of  thanksgiving ;  and  after  dining  at  the  Bishop  of  London's  Palace, 
she  returned  in  the  same  order  as  she  came  by  torch-light  to  Somerset-house. 

The  romantic  spirit  of  the  Queen  may  be  seen  as  well  in  her  amours,  as  mili- 
tary atchievements.  "  Ambiri,  coli  ob  formam,  et  amoribus,  etiam  inclinata  jam 
cetate,  videri  voluit ;  de  fabulosis  insulis  per  illam  relaxationem  renovata  quasi 
memoria  in  quibus  equites  ac  strenui  homines  errabant,  et  amores,  fceditate  omni 
prohibita,  generose  per  virtutem  exercebant 2."  The  observation  of  the  great 
Historian  is  confirmed  by  Osborne,  who,  speaking  of  a  contrivance  of  the 
Cecil  party  to  ruin  the  Earl  of  Essex,  by  giving  him  a  rival  in  the  good  'graces 
of  the  Queen,  observes  — "  But  the  whole  result  concluding  in  a  duel,  did 
rather  inflame  than  abate  the  former  account  she  made  of  him  :  the  opinion  of  a 
Champion  being  more  splendid  (in  the  weak  and  romantic  sense  of  women,  that 
admit  of  nothing  fit  to  be  made  the  object  of  a  quarrel  but  themselves),  and  far 
above  that  of  a  Captain  or  General.  So  as  Sir  Edmund  Carey,  brother  to  Lord 
Hunsdon,  then  Chamberlain  and  near  kinsman  to  the  Queen,  told  me,  that, 
though  she  chid  them  both,  nothing  pleased  her  better  than  a  conceit  she  had, 
that  her  beauty  was  the  subject  of  this  quarrel,  when,  God  knows,  it  grew  from 
the  stock  of  honour,  of  which  then  they  were  very  tender3." 

Much  of  the  manners  of  the  times  may  be  learned  from  these  Progresses. 
They  give  us  a  view  into  the  interior  of  the  noble  families,  display  their  state  in 
house-keeping,  and  other  articles,  and  set  before  our  eyes  their  magnificent  man- 

1  Blomefield,  I.  226.  a  Thuani  Hist.  3  Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  p.  456. 


PREFACE.  XXXI 

» 

sions  long  since  gone  to  decay,  or  supplanted  by  others  of  the  succeeding  age. 
Houses  that  lodged  the  Queen  of  England  and  her  Court  are  now  scarcely  fit  for 
farms,  or  leveled  with  the  ground,  or  rebuilt.  Such  were  the  seat  of  the  Comp- 
ton  family  at  Mockings ;  of  the  Sadleirs  at  Standon  ;  of  the  Great  Burleigh  at 
Theobalds ;  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester  at  Kenilworth ;  of  the  Bishop  of  Ely  at 
Somersham  ;  Sir  Thomas  Cook's  at  Gidea  Hall  ;  Sir  Thomas  Mildemay's  at 
Moulsham;  Lord  Rich's  at  Leighs;  Sir  Thomas  Waldegrave's  at  Smallbridge;  Mr. 
Tuke's  at  Layer  Marney.  The  Royal  Palaces  are  almost  all  gone  *.  No  wonder, 
therefore,  that  we  are  able  to  present  our  Readers  with  so  few  Views  of  Buildings. 
The  Marquis  of  Winchester  was  nearly  ruined  by  the  last  Royal  Visit  at  Basing  2; 

1  We  have  in  these  Volumes  preserved  descriptions  of  many  of  them ;  particularly  of  Dartford, 
Greenwich,  Hampton  Court,  Havering,  St.  James's,  Nonsuch,  Richmond,  Woodstock,  and  Windsor. 

4  "  Sir  William  Paulet,  Knight,  created  Baron  St.  John  of  Basing  by  King  Henry  VIII.  and  Earl  of 
Wiltshire  and  Marquis  of  Winchester  by  King  Edward  VI.  was  thirty  years  Treasurer  to  the  last- 
mentioned  Monarch,  to  Philip  and  Mary,  and  Elizabeth.  He  rebuilt  the  Castle  at  Basing  in  a  mag- 
nificent and  even  princely  style,  so  much  so  indeed,  that  Camden,  in  allusion  to  the  vast  expence  of 
living  entailed  on  his  family  by  its  splendour,  observes,  that  "  it  was  so  overpowered  by  its  own  weight, 
that  his  posterity  have  been  forced  to  pull  down  a  part  of  it."  Here  King  Edward  the  Sixth  was  en- 
tertained by  the  Marquis  of  Winchester,  with  his  retinue,  for  four  days.  King  Philip  and  Queen 
Mary,  whom  the  Marquis  had  accompanied  to  Winchester,  after  their  marriage,  were  also  entertained 
here  for  five  days.  Here  also,  in  the  year  1560,  he  entertained  Queen  Elizabeth  with  "  all  good 
chear,"  and  so  much  to  her  satisfaction,  that  she  playfully  lamented  his  great  age  j  "  for,  by  my  troth," 
said  the  delighted  Sovereign,  "  if  my  Lord  Treasurer  were  but  a  young  man,  I  could  find  in  my 
heart  to  have  him  for  a  husband,  before  any  man  in  England ;"  see  vol.  I.  p.  87.  She  honoured  the 
old  Marquis  with  another  Visit  in  1569  ;  see  p.  258. — This  Nobleman  died  in  1572,  at  the  age 
of  ninety-seven,  having  lived  to  see  113  of  his  own  immediate  descendants  ;  he  was  buried  in  Basing 
church.  William,  his  great-grandson,  and  fourth  Marquis  of  Winchester,  had  likewise,  in  the  year 
1601,  the  honour  of  having  Queen  Elizabeth  for  a  guest,  and  that  for  a  period  of  "  thirteen  days  to 
the  greate  chardge  of  the  sayde  Lorde  Marquesse."  During  her  residence  here,  the  Duke  of  Biron, 
accompanied  by  about  twenty  of  the  French  nobility,  and  a  retinue  of  nearly  400  persons,  were  lodged 
at  The  Vyne,  the  seat  of  Lord  Sandys,  which  house  had  been  purposely  furnished  with  hangings  and 
plate  from  the  Tower,  and  Hampton  Court,  "  and  with  sevenscore  beds  and  furniture,  which  the  wil- 
ing and  obedient  people  of  Southampton,  upon  two  dayes  warning,  had  brought  in  thither  to  lend 
the  Queene."  When  Queen  Elizabeth  departed  from  Basing,  she  affirmed,  that  "  she  had  done  that 
in  Hampshire,  that  none  of  her  ancestors  ever  did,  neither  that  any  Prince  in  Christendome  could 
doe  :  that  was,  she  had  in  her  Progresses  at  her  subjects'  houses,  entertained  a  Royal  Ambassador, 
and  had  royally  entertained  him."  This  Marquis  died  in  1628,  at  Hawkwood,  now  Hackwood,  the 
present  seat  of  his  descendants." — "  Aimcz  Loyaulte\  The  History  of  Basing  House  in  Hampshire  j 
containing  an  interesting  Account  of  the  Siege  it  sustained  during  the  Civil  War ;  with  Notices  of 
distinguished  Persons  concerned  in  its  Transactions." 


XXX11  PREFACE. 

the  Lord  Berkeley  not  a  little  embarrassed  by  the  expence  of  attending  at  Ivy 
Bridge  on  the  Noblemen  from  France  } ;  and  Dr.  Julius  Caesar  by  the  frequent 
Visits  of  the  Queen  at  Mitcham  2. 

Notwithstanding  her  many  great  and  amiable  qualities,  in  how  indecent  a 
manner  her  character  was  abused,  appears  from  a  curious  manuscript  paper  in 
the  British  Museum,  intituled,  "  A  Relation  how  one  Cleber,  1556,  proclaimed 
the  Lady  Elizabeth  Quene,  and  her  beloved  bedfellow,  Lorde  Edwarde  Courte- 
naye,  Kynge."  And,  if  we  were  to  credit  a  modern  Writer,  Gregorio  Leti,  this 
great  Queen  must  be  thought  one  of  the  most  licentious  of  women,  by  the  letters 
he  dictates  between  her  and  the  Earl  of  Devonshire ;  and  when  he  makes  her 
confess  to  the  Ladies  about  her,  that  she  had  not  loved  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  but 
for  motives  of  Religion  ;  nor  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  but  on  account  of  the  obliga- 
tions she  owed  him  ;  nor  the  Earl  of  Somerset,  but  on  principles  of  policy,  and 
to  be  better  served  by  a  number  of  Favourites,  making  use  of  their  reciprocal 
jealousies  to  attach  them  all  the  more  firmly  to  her  service ;  but  that  she  had 
never  truly  loved  any  except  the  Earls  of  Devonshire  and  Essex  V  Leti,  how- 
ever, was  a  scandalous  Novelist,  and  not  a  faithful  Historian.  In  another  place  he 
speaks  of  her  in  this  manner:  "  I  don't  know  whether  she  were  as  chast  as  they  say; 
for,  after  all,  she  was  a  Queen,  handsome,  young,  and  full  of  spirit ;  she  loved 
the  pomp  of  dress,  diversions,  balls,  and  pleasures ;  and  to  have  for  her  favourites 
the  best  made  men  in  the  kingdom :  this  is  all  I  can  say  about  the  matter4." 

But  all  this  will  appear  to  be  scandal5  only,  when  we  reflect  on  her  conduct  to 
those  for  whom  she  may  be  supposed  to  have  had  a  particular  passion,  or  even 
dotage.  Early  in  her  Reigri  she  recommended  Lord  Robert  Dudley  (whom  she 
created  Earl  of  Leicester  for  the  purpose)  to  be  husband  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots ; 
and  this  recommendation,  by  appointing  a  solemn  commission  to  transact  it,  at  the 
head  of  which  was  tSie  Earl  of  Bedford6,  she  carried  farther  than  any  laws  of  dis- 

1  See  vol.  II.  p.  343. 

2  See  vol.  III.  p.  428.  The  particulars  of  the  expence  of  the  Entertainment  at  Gorhambury  in 
1577  are  given  in  vol.  II.  p.  55 ;  and  at  Kertlinge  in  1578,  in  the  same  volume,  p.  236. 

3  History  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  first  and  third  books  of  the  second  Part. 

4  D'Elizabeth,  French  translation,  lib.  v.  torn.  II.  pp.  513,  514. 
s  See,  in  this  volume,  p.  25. 

6  Queen  Elizabeth  told  Sir  James  Melvil  that  "  it  appeared  he  made  but  small  account  of  my  Lord 
Robert  Dudley,  seeing  that  he  named  the  Earl  of  Bedford  before  him ;  but  said  that  ere  long  she 
would  make  him  a  far  greater  Earl,  and  that  I  should  see  it  done  before  my  returning  home.     For 


PREFACE.  XXXI 11 

simulation  would  permit,  however  consummate  a  mistress  she  may  be  allowed 
to  have  been  in  them.  Nor  would  she  ever  permit  either  him  or  the  Earl  of 
Essex  to  presume  too  much  on  her  favour  to  them  ;  but  severely  reproved  them 
for  it.  And  although  the  Earl  of  Leicester  might  have  once  vainly  flattered 
himself  with  the  hopes  of  attaining  the  honour  of  marrying  her  1 ;  yet  she,  who 
had  refused  a  Brother  of  an  Emperor  of  Germany  2,  and  a  Son  and  a  Brother  of 
Kings  of  France3,  can  never  be  imagined  to  have  been  willing  to  put  it  in  the 
power  of  one  of  her  own  subjects  to  have  the  least  superiority  over  her ;  she, 
who  would  not  suffer  Sir  Philip  Sidney  to  be  elected  King  of  Poland4;  nor  the 
Earl  of  Leicester  to  be  appointed,  in  1586*,  Governor  and  Captain  General  of  the 
United  Provinces  5.  Besides,  it  must  be  granted,  that  the  marrying  another,  which 
was  done  by  both  these  Earls  6,  is  a  very  bad  compliment  paid  by  a  lover  to  any  lady. 
As  human  nature,  however,  is  never  perfect,  even  in  its  most  exalted  state,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  this  Queen  partook  of  its  foibles ;  some  of  which  have  been 
noticed  by  authors  of  our  country,  as  well  as  by  foreign  writers. 

Her  Majesty's  Jewelry  and  Wardrobe  may  be  judged  of  from  the  List  of  costly 
New-year's  Gifts,  presented  to  her  by  her  subjects  of  every  rank,  individuals  as 
well  as  corporations  ;  of  which,  as  far  as  were  delivered  into  the  Jewel-office,  an 
account  for  23  years  (1571 — 1594)  will  be  found  printed  in  their  respective  periods. 

she  esteemed  him  as  her  Brother  and  best  friend,  whom  she  would  have  herself  married,  had  she  ever 
minded  to  have  taken  a  husband.  But  being  determined  to  end  her  life  in  virginity,  she  wished  that 
the  jQueen  her  Sister  might  marry  him."     Melvil's  Memoirs,  p.  93. 

1  When  Asteley,  one  of  the  (Queen's  Bedchamber,  covertly  commended  Leicester  unto  her  for  a  hus- 
band, she  answered  in  a  passion :  "  Dost  thou  think  me  so  unlike  myself,  and  so  unmindful  of  my 
Royal  Majesty,  that  I  would  prefer  my  servant,  who  I  myself  have  raised,  before  the  greatest  Princes 
of  Christendom,  in  my  choosing  of  an  husband."     Camden's  Elizabeth,  p.  461. 

2  The  Archduke  of  Austria  Charles,  brother  of  the  Emperor  Maximilian  II. 

3  The  Dukes  of  Anjou  and  Alancon,  sons  of  Henry  II.  The  Duke  of  Anjou  was  afterwards  Henry 
III.  King  of  France,  and  the  Duke  of  Alencon  was  also  the  brother  of  Francis  II.  and  Charles  IX. 

4  Fragmenta  Regalia,  by  Sir  Robert  Naunton,  p.  18,  who  yet  says,  that  "  she  refused  to  further 
his  advancement,  not  out  of  emulation,  but  out  of  fear  to  lose  the  jewell  of  her  times." 

5  Camden,  p.  511. 

a  The  Earl  of  Leicester,  sometime  after  the  death  of  his  first  wife,  married  Lady  Douglasse,  daugh- 
ter to  William  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham,  and  widow  to  Lord  Sheffield ;  and  during  her  life  he  also 
married,  in  1576,  Lettice,  daughter  to  Sir  Francis  Knolls,  and  widow  to  Walter  Earl  of  Essex.  Dug- 
dale's  Warwickshire,  p.  166.— The  Earl  of  Essex  married,  about  1587,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  and  widow  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 


XXXIV  PREFACE. 

"  The  Office  of  the  Keeper  of  the  Queen's  Majesty's  Purse,"  extending  through 
many  years,  in  vol.  I.  p.  26*4 ;  and  a  particular  Inventory  of  her'Wardrobe  in  1600  l. 
The  New-year's  Gifts 2  regularly  presented  were  immense;  and  in  each  year 
an  exact  Inventory  was  made,  on  a  Roll  signed  by  the  Queen,  and  attested  by 
the  proper  Officers.  Five  of  these  Rolls  are  preserved  at  full  length  in  these 
Volumes:  the  earliest  in  1561-2  ;  the  latest  in  1599-16*00. 

1  In  Harl.  MSS.  1419,  fol.  58,  is  an  Inventory  of  Henry  the  Eighth's  furniture. 
*  From  a  similar  Roll,  in  the  reign  of  Philip  and  Mary,  1556-7,  some  of  the  principal  articles  are 
here  extracted. — The  Lord  Cardinal  Pole  gave  a  saulte,  with  a  cover  of  silver  and  gilt,  having  a  stone 
therein  much  enameled,  of  the  story  of  Job ;  and  received  a  pair  of  gilt  pots,  weighing  143f-  ounces. 
The  Queen's  Sister,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  her  Grace,  gave  the  fore  part  of  a  kyrtell,  and  a  pair  of 
sleeves  of  cloth  of  silver,  richly  embraudered  all  over  with  Venice  silver,  and  rayzed  with  silver  and 
black  silk  ;  and  received  three  gilt  bowls,  weighing  132  ounces.     The  Lady  Greye  of  the  Moate  gave 
a  sacrament  cloth,  fringed  and  tasseled  richly  with  gold  and  pearl ;  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  a  cup  of 
christall  with  two  ears,  garnished  with  silver  and  gilt,  weighing  35  ounces ;  the  Earl  of  Sussex,  a  gilt 
cup,  with  a  cover  ;  the  Lady  Yorke,  divers  frutes,  six  sugar-loaves,  six  tapnetts  of  figs,  four  barrels  of 
sucketts  and  oringe-water,  &c.';  the  Lady  Dyer,  a  corporas  case,  of  crymson  sattyn  embrauderid ;  Sir 
Leonard  Chamberlen,  four  pair  of  hoosen  of  Garnsey  making ;  Mr.  Browne,  hoseyere,  three  pair  of 
hosen ;  Sir  Henry  Neuell,  a  lute  in  a  case,  covered  with  black  silk  and  gold,  with  two  little  round 
black  tables,  the  one  of  the  phisnamy  of  the  Emperor  and  the  King's  Majesty,  the  other  of  the  King 
of  Bohemia  and  his  wife ;  Browne,  instrument  maker,  a  fair  lute,  edged  with  passamayne  of  gold  and 
silk ;  Sir  John  Mason,  a  Map  of  England,  stayned  upon  cloth  of  silver  in  a  frame  of  wood,  having  a 
drawing  cover,  painted  with  the  King  and  Queen's  arms,  and  a  book  of  Spanish,  covered  with  black 
vellat.     Of  the  Queen's  Chaplains,  Dr.  Westone,  Dean  of  Windsor,  gave  ^10. ;  Peter  Vann,  Dean  of 
Salisbury,  40  pistoletts ;  Rycardes,  Clerk  of  the  Closet,  a  superaltary  of  black  stone,  garnished  with 
silver  and  gilt;  Parson  Lewyn,  a  table,  with  the  Passion,  embrauderid;  Knight,  a  Book  of  Prayers, 
covered  with  crimson  and  vellat ;  Dr.  Ma llet,  junior,  a  faire  Salter,  covered  with  purple  vellat,  and 
gg5  (in  angells)  in  a  red  purse  ;  Baker,  Confessor,  four  pair  of  gloves  ;  Mrs.  Levyna  Terling  gave  a 
small  picture   of  the  Trynite  ;    Mrs.  Stanton  eight  Turquey  hens  ;    Mrs.  Brydemay,  a  holy-water 
sprinkell,  of  silver  and  gilt ;  Mrs.  Preston,  a  fat  goose  and  a  capon  ;  Mrs.  Reymounde,  two  swans  and 
capons;  Henry  Mynk's  wife,  pomegranettes,  oringes,  lemans,  and  a  table  with  the  King's  picture  in 
it ;  Gent,  two  gynny  cocks  scalded;  Avys  Byllyard,  small  marchpanes,  oringes,  and  a  basket  of  French 
pypins ;  Henry  Mylles,  grosser,  a  bottell  of  roose  water,  a  lof  of  suger,  sinamon,  gynger,  and  nut- 
megges,  in  papers ;  John  Soda,  six  boxes  of  marmalade  and  cordiall ;   Boddye,  Clerk  of  the  Green 
Cloth,  a  pot  of  green  gynger  and  syanmon;  Maister  Cordall,  solister,  two  portagues,  g@7-;  Dr.  Owen, 
Dr.  Wendy,  and  Dr.  Hughes,  each,  two  pots  of  conservas;  Mychael  Wentworth,  two  fat  oxen;  Shefelde, 
Keeper  of  Grenewich-house,  six  pomegranetts ;   Bouet,  Gardener  of  Richmonde,  a  dish  of  peeches  and 
a  basket  of  apples;  Nicholas  Luzer,  a  table  painted  with  the  Maundy;  Mr.  Babington,  a  book  in  French, 
covered  with  green  vellat,  written  how  a  King  should  chuse  his  Counsale ;  John  Cawodde,  Printer,  a 
book  in  Latin,  "  Vita  Christi,"  and  a  little  book  of  "  An  Exhortation  to  young  Men ;  Reynold  Wolf, 


PREFACE.  XXXV 

The  Gifts  were  from  the  Great  Officers  of  State ;  the  Peers  and  Peeresses  ; 
the  Bishops  ;  Knights  and  their  Ladies  ;  Maids  of  Honour ;  Gentlemen  and  Gen- 

a  book  called  "  Georgius  Agricola  de  re  metallic^.;"  Sebastian,  Scolemaister  of  Powles,  a  book  of 
Ditties,  written ;  Sheparde,  of  the  Chapel,  three  rolls  of  Songs ;  Richard  Edwardes,  of  the  Chapel, 
certain  verses  ;  Egidius  Beraldus,  a  book  of  the  Passion,  written  ;  Myles  Huggard,  a  book  written  ; 
Alexander  Zynzan,  a  box  with  the  picture  of  Christ ;  Walter  Earle,  a  book,  covered  with  black  vellat, 
of  the  Commentary  of  Warre,  in  English ;  the  Secretary  to  the  Frenche  Ambassator,  four  French 
books  bound  in  parchment,  and  two  books  covered  with  red  leather,  in  French  ;  Richard  Baker,  a 
table  painted,  of  the  Woman  of  Samaria ;  Smallwodde,  grosser,  in  a  box,,  nutmegs,  and  ginger, 
and  long  stawlke  of  cinamon  erecte;  Key  me,  locksmith,  an  iron  to  hang  the  Sacrament  over 
the  altar ;  Foster,  fyshmonger,  a  casting  bottell  of  silver  and  gilt  ;  Nicholas  Vrsin,  a  faire  cloke> 
in  a  case  covered  with  black  vellat;  Nicholas  Andrewe,  Anthony  Mary,  Edward  Deone,  and  John 
Pecok,  the  sagbuttes,  seven  fans,  to  keep  off  the  heat  of  the  fire,  of  straw,  the  one  of  white  silk ; 
Kelley,  plasterer,  a  cake  of  spice  brede ;  Boddye,  Clerk  of  the  Green  Cloth,  a  pot  of  green  gin- 
ger and  synamon;  Thomas  Northe,  ten  live  partriges  in  a  basket;  Burrage,  Master  Cooke,  a 
marchpane,  and  two  dishes  of  jelly ;  Bettes,  Serjaunt  of  the  Pastry,  a  quince  pye ;  Harrys, 
Fruterer,  a  basket  of  pomegranetts,  cheryes,  apples,  oringes,  and  lemans;  Jacob  Ragoson,  an 
Italian,  a  fair  chair  of  ebonett,  covered  with  crimson  vellatt,  and  fringed  with  silk  and  gold ; 
a  carpet  of  Turquey  making ;  a  basket  of  silver,  with  ten  cases  of  silver,  and  needles  in  them ; 
Mr.  Sturton,  a  desk  to  write  on,  with  divers  divises,  and  a  paire  of  tables,  and  chesse-boerd, 
three  silver  boxes  for  the  compters,  sande,  and  inke,  and  40  compters ;  the  Henchmen  a  pair  of 
gloves  ;  Hannyball,  a  pair  of  perfume  gloves ;  Binstede  and  his  fellowes,  bowyers,  50  bows ;  George 
Starkey  and  his  fellows,  stringers,  a  gross  and  four  dozen  strenges ;  John  Smyth  and  his  fellows, 
fletchers,  five  dozen  of  cross-bow  arrows ;  John  Coates,  one  dozen  of  shafts ;  and  Thomas  Ley  and  two 
more,  three  dozen  of  arrows. — Haynes,  a  table,  with  the  picture  of  Christ  and  his  Mother ;  Suete, 
painter  *,  a  table  painted  of  the  Queen's  Majestie's  marriage. 

*  Richard  Heydock,  in  his  translation  of  Lomazzo  on  Painting,  published  in  159S,  says,  "  Litn- 
nings  much  used  in  former  times  in  church-books,  as  also  in  drawing  by  the  life  in  small  models  :  of 
late  years  by  some  of  our  countrymen,  as  Shoote,  Betts,  &c."  The  former,  Mr.  Walpole  supposed, 
was  John  Shute,  who  styles  himself  paynter  and  architecte,  in  a  book  written  and  published  by  him  in 
folio  (in  the  Minutes  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  it  is  dated  1587;  by  Mr.  Herbert,  [p.  1797,]  1579), 
called,  "  The  first  and  chief  Groundes  of  Architecture,  used  in  the  auncient  and  famous  Monyments, 
with  a  farther  and  more  ample  Discourse  uppon  the  same  than  hitherto  hath  been  set  out  by  any 
other.''  The  cuts  and  figures  in  the  book  are  in  a  better  style  than  ordinary;  the  author,  as  he  tell* 
the  jQueen  in  the  Dedication,  having  been  sent  into  Italy  by  the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  in  whose 
service  he  had  been,  and  who  maintained  him  there  in  his  studies  under  the  best  architects.  This 
person  published  another  work,  intituled,  "  Two  notable  Commentaries,  and  one  of  the  Original  of 
the  Turks,  &c. ;  the  other  of  the  Warres  of  the  Turke  against  Scanderbeg,  &c.  Translated  out  of 
Itaiian  into  English  ;  printed  by  Rowland  Hall,  1562." — Another  John  Shute,  or  Shutte,  translated 
and  published  some  works  of  devotion.    Herbert's  Ames,  pp.  774,  730,  783,  803,  1079,  1080,  1333. 


XXXVI  PREFACE. 

tlewomen.  Amongst  these  are  somewhat  whimsically  arranged  the  Physicians, 
Apothecaries,  the  Master  Cook,  several  Tradesmen  and  Artificers,  ending  with 
Charles  Smyth,  Dustman,  who  gave  "  two  boltes  of  cambrick,"  and  received  20§ 
ounces  of  gilt  plate. 

The  value  of  the  whole  in  each  year  cannot  be  ascertained ;  but  some  estimate 
may  be  formed  of  it  from  the  presents  of  gilt  plate  which  were  given  in  return  by 
the  Queen,  a  precise  account  being  entered  of  the  gift  to  each  individual,  to  the 
eighth  of  an  ounce;  which  in  1577-8  amounted  to  5884  ounces.  Presents  also 
of  gilt  plate  were  constantly  made  by  the  Queen,  on  these  occasions,  not  only  to 
those  from  whom  she  received  presents,  but  as  u  Free  Gifts,"  to  inferior  Officers 
attendant  on  her  Court,  from  whom  no  return  was  expected. 

In  1561-2,  Sir  William  Cycell,  Secretary,  gave  a  standish  garnished  with  silver 
gilt  and  mother  of  pearl,  and  a  seal  of  bone,  tipped  with  silver  gilt;  Mrs.  Eliza- 
beth Shelton,  a  standish  covered  with  crymsen  satten,  all  over  embrodered  with 
Venise  gold  and  silk;  Sir  Gower  Carew,  Master  of  the  Henchmen,  a  desk  covered 
with  purple  vellat,  embrodered  with  gold ;  the  Lady  Knowlles,  a  fine  carpet  of 
needleworke;  Lady  Margaret  Strainge,  a  little  round  mount  of  gold  to  contain  a 
pomander  in  it;  the  Lady  Dakers,  a  warming  ball  of  gold;  the  Lady  Gresham,  a 
box  with  four  swete  bags  in  it ;  Sir  William  Dethyk,  Garter  King  of  Arms,  a  book 
of  the  arms  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  now  in  being ;  Mrs.  Levina  Terling,  the 
Queen's  personne  and  other  personages,  in  a  box  finely  painted ;  Archdeacon 
Carew,  Dean  of  the  Chapel,  and  Dr.  Wotton,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  each  gave 
^.10  ;  Peter  Vannes,  Dean  of  Salisbury,  ,^.12  ;  Sir  James  Strumpe,  two 
greyhounds,  a  fallow  and  a  blak  pyed  ;  Mr.  Thomas  Hennage,  an  hour-glass 
garnished  with  gold,  with  glass  sand,  and  all  in  a  case  of  black  vellat ;  Mr.  John 
Yonge,  a  table  painted  in  a  frame  of  walnut  tree,  and  certain  verses  about  it  of 
money  ;  Dr.  Maister,  two  pots,  the  one  of  nutmegs,  the  other  of  gynger  condit ; 
Dr.  Hewycke,  two  pots,  one  of  green  ginger,  the  other  of  orange  flowers ;  Revell 
Surveyor  of  the  Works,  a  marchpane,  with  the  modell  of  Powle's  church  and 
steeples  in  paste ;  John  Hemyngway,  Poticary,  a  pot  of  oring  condytt,  a  box  of 
pyne  cumfetts  musked,  a  box  of  Manus  Christi  and  lozenges  ;  Lawrence  Shref, 
Grocer,  a  sugar-loaf,  a  box  of  ginger,  a  box  of  nutmegs,  and  a  pound  of  cynomon  ; 
William  St.  Barbe,  a  ferre  crosbow  with  a  gaffle ;  Anthony  Anthony,  a  corbonett 
fall  or  tylts  ;  Trayford,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Spicery,  pomegranetts,  apples,  boxes  of 
comfitts,  &c. ;   Richard  Hickes,  Yeoman  of  the  Chamber,  a  very  fair  marchpane 


PREFACE.  XXXVII 

made  like  a  tower,  with  men  and  sundry  artillery  in  it;  Richarde  Mathews, 
Cutler,  a  pair  of  knives  with  a  shethe,  covered  with  purple  vellat;  George  Webster, 
Master  Cook,  a  marchpane,  being  a  chess-board. 

In  1577-8,  Sir  Gilbert  Dethick,  Garter  King  of  Arms,  gave  a  book  of  the  States 
in  Ring  William  the  Conqueror's  time;  the  Rev.  Mr.  Absolon,  the  Master  of  the 
Savoy,  gave  a  Bible  covered  with  cloth  of  gold  *,  garnished  with  silver  and  gilt, 
and  two  plates  with  the  Royal  Arms ;  George  Gascoigne  gave  "  Grief  of  Joye ; 
certayne  Elegies,  wherein  the  doubtful  Delighte  of  Manne's  Life  is  displayed," 

1  The  Rev.  George  Ashby,  of  Barrow  in  Suffolk,  has  a  curious  little  book,  two  inches  and  an  eighth 
by  one  inch  and  one  third,  bound  in  solid  gold,  containing  several  Prayers.     It  formerly  belonged 
to  Queen  Elizabeth  ;  and  was  probably  presented  to  her  on  some  such  occasion.     The  title  is,  "  Lady 
Elizabeth  Tirwit's  Morning  and  Evening  Praiers,  with  diuers  Psalmes,  Himnes,  and  Meditations. 
Printed  for  Christopher  Barker,  1574."     Bound  up  in  the  same  splendid  covers  is  a  small  collection 
of  Prayers,  intituled,  "  Prayers  or  Meditations,  collected  out  of  the  holy  woorkes  by  the  most  ver- 
tuous  and  graciouse  Princesse  {Catherine  Quene  of  Englande,  France,  and  Ireland,"  without  date  or 
printer's  name  ;  which  is  defective  after  a  few  clauses  in  the  Litany ;  and  is  followed  by  a  few  pages 
of  a  totally  different  work,  viz.  a  Calendar  and  a  fevy  pages  of  prayers  of  a  mucli  later  date.     On  a 
blank  leaf  at  the  beginning  is  this  memorandum  :  "  This  book  of  Private  Prayer  was  presented  by 
the  Lady  Eliz.  Tirwitt  to  Queen  Eliz.  during  her  Confinement  in  the  Tower  ;  and  the  Queen  gene- 
rally wore  it  hanging  by  a  gold  chaine  to  her  girdle ;  and  att  her  death  left  it  by  will   to  one  of  her 
Women  of  her  Bed-chamber."     The  whole  ill  agrees  with  private  prayers.     Perhaps  this  book  may  be 
particularly  specified  among  the  royal  jocalia  in  some  wardrobe  or  jewel-office  list,  though  we  find  it 
not  in  those  which  we  have  yet  seen.     One  other  such  list,  we  understand,  is  in  one  of  the  Libraries 
at  Cambridge,  which  wc  have  no  opportunity  at  present  of  examining.     The  royal  prayers  are  gene- 
rally ascribed  to  Catherine  Parr,  though  certain  expressions  in  them  better  suit  Catharine  of  Arra- 
gon  :  but  it  is  strange  that  so  many  leaves  are  wanting,  and  were  so  at  the  time  when  the  donor  was 
so  liberal  with  gold  on  the  binding.     From  the  freshness  of  the  title-page,  and  the  edges  of  some  of 
the  absent  leaves,  which  appear  as  guards  or  cartons  just  as  when  single  prints  are  stuck  into  a  book, 
it  should  seem  that  the  mutilation  had  taken  place  so  early.     Some  particulars  of  Lady  Tirvvhitt 
would  be  a  desirable  circumstance.     Mr.  Ashby's  mother  received  this  book  soon  after  her  marriage 
in  17*20  from  her  husband's  father,  George  Ashby,  of  Quenby,  co.  Leicester,  Esq.  M.  P.  &c.  as  a  choice 
heir-loom.    He  was  born  1656  ;  his  father  1629  ;  and  his  grandfather  was  married  1625.    These  four, 
or  at  most  a  fifth,  are  all  the  hands  through  which  the  book  could  have  passed  from  1603  to  1788. 
The  last  possessor  had  it  67  years  ;  and  always  added,  that  the  chain  was  given   to  another  by  the 
Qneen  at  the  same  time. — Among  the  articles  which  Hentzner  thought  worthy  of  observation  in  the 
Royal  Library  at  Whitehall,  was  "  a  little  book  in  French,  upon  parchment,  in  the  hand-writing  of 
Queen  Elizabeth."     All  the  books  there  were  bound  in  velvet  of  different  colours,  though  chiefly  red, 
with  clasps  of  gold  and  silver  j  and  some  of  them  with  pearls  and  precious  stones  set  in  their  bindings, 
which  was  not  an  uncommon  circumstance  in  Royal  or  Noble  Libraries  at  the  time. 

VOL.  I.  f 


XXXVlll  PREFACE. 

written  in  1 5  J 6;  Dr.  Hewyk,  Dr.  Maister,  Dr.  Julio,  the  Queen's  Physicians,  each 
presented  her  with  a  pot  of  greene  gynger  and  another  of  orenge  flowers  :  John 
Hemawey,  Ryche,  and  Morgan,  her  Apothecaries,  boxes  of  gynger  candy,  grene 
ginger,  orenge  candit,  and  peaches  of  Jenneway1 ;  pots  of  wardyns  condite2,  and 
Manus  Christi ;  Mrs.  Blanch  Sparry,  a  little  box  of  gold  to  put  in  cumphetts,  and 
a  little  spoon  of  gold;  Dudley,  her  Serjeant  of  the  Pastry  ;*a  great  pie  of  quynses  and 
wardyns  guilte  ;  Putrino,  an  Italian,  presented  her  with  two  pictures ;  Ambrose 
Lupo,  with  a  box  of  lutestrings ;  Christqfer  Gyles,  a  Cutler,  with  a  meat  knyfe, 
with  a  feyer  haft  of  bone,  a  conceit  in  it;  Smyth,  Dustman,  two  boltes  of  cambrick. 

In  1578-9,  the  Earl  of  Leycetour,  Master  of  the  Horses,  a  very  fair  jewel  of  gold, 
being  a  clock  garnished  fully  with  diamonds  and  rubies ;  Sir  Edward  Horsey, 
Captain  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  a  tooth-pick  of  gold,  garnished  with  diamonds,  &c; 
Sir  Guilbarte  Dethicke,  Garter  Principal  King  of  Arms,  a  Book  of  Arms;  Mr. 
John  Harrington 3  gave  a  bole  of  chrystall  without  a  cover,  gras'd,  garnish'd 
with  gold,  enamuled  about  the  mouth  and  foote  ;  Ahsolyn,  Clerk  of  the  Closet, 
a  boke  covered  with  cloth  of  tyssue,  garnished  with  silver  and  gilt;  Mr.  Philip 
Sydney,  a  wastcoate  of  white  sarceonet;  Mr.  Rauffe  Bowes,  a  hat  of  tawny 
taphata ;  Mr.  Lychfeld,  a  very  fair  lute;  Ambrose  Lupo,  a  box  of  lutestrings ; 
Dr.  Hewicke,  two  pots  of  oringe  flowers  and  cande  jenger  ;  Dr.  Masters  and 
Dr.  Julio,  each,  two  like  pots  ;  John  Hemingeway,  Apotticary,  sittornes  pre- 
servid  ;  John  Ryche,  Apothecary,  two  boxes  of  abrycots,  and  two  glasses  of 
peare  plomes  ;  John  Smythesone,  alias  Taylor,  Master  Cook,  a  faire  march- 
pane, with  a  castell  in  myddes  ;  John  Dudley,  Sargeaunte  of  the  Pastry,  a 
fair  pye  of  quynces  ;  Peter  Wolfe,  five  songe-books  ;  Petricho,  a  book  of  Italian, 
with  pictures  of  the  Life  and  Metomerpheses  of  Oved  ;  Anthonias  Phenotus,  a 
small  book  in  Italian  meter;  Guylham  Sketh,  a  dyall  noctornalla ;  Morrys  Wat- 
kins,  18  larks  in  a  cage. 

In  1588-9,  Mr.  William  DethickA,  Garter  King  of  Arms,  presented  a  book  of  the 
Arms  of  the  Noblemen  in  Henry  the  Fifth's  time  ;  Petruchio  Ubaldino,  a  book 
covered  with  vellam  of  Italy ;  Dr.  Bayly  and  Dr.  Gyjford,  two  of  the  Queen's 
Physicians,  gave  each  a  pot  of  green  ginger,  and  a  pot  of  the  rinds  of  lemons; 
M  rs.  Morgan,  a  box  of  cherryes,  and   one  of  aberycocks ;  John  Smithson,  the 

1  Genoa.  -  Preserved  pears. 

3  See  vol.  II.  p.  261.     He  received,  in  return,  40  ounces  of  gilt  plate  ;  and,  as  a  further  mark  of 
Royal  favour,  the  Queen  presented  to  him  her  Translation  of  one  of  Tully's  Epistles. 
*  Son  of  Sir  Gilbert  Dethick,  the  preceding  Garter  King  of  Arms. 


PREFACE.  XXXIX 

Master  Cook,  a  fayre  marchepayne ;  John  Dudley,  the  Serjeant  of  the  Pastry 
a  fayre  pie  of  quinces  oringed ;  Innocent  Corny  with  a  box  of  lutestrings  ;  Am- 
brosio  Lupo  with  a  glass  of  sweet  water ;  Petro  Lupo,  Josepho  Lupo,  Caesar 
Caliardo,  each  with  a  pair  of  sweet  gloves ;  Jaromy,  with  24  drinking-glasses ; 
Jeromy  Bassano,  with  two  drinking-glasses. 

In  1599-1600,  Mrs.  Luce  Hyde  gave  a  hat  and  a  feather  of  white  tyffany ;  Mrs. 
Wingfeilde,  Mother  of  the  Maydes,  four  ruffes  of  lawne  and  a  fan  ;  Mr.  Garter 
King  of  Arms,  one  book  of  Heraldry,  of  the  Knights  of  the  Order  of  that  year; 
Mr.  Byshop,  a  Stationer,  two  books  of  Titus  Lyvius  in  French ;  Dr.  James,  Dr. 
Browne,  the  Queen's  Physicians,  and  Mr.  Morgan,  her  Apothecary,  each,  one 
pot  of  green  ginger,  and  a  pot  of  orenge  flowers ;  Mr.  Hemingway,  Apothecary, 
a  box  of  Manus  Christi,  and  a  pot  of  preserved  pears  ;  Mr.  Weston,  Apottycary, 
three  boxes  of  preservatives  ;  William  Cor  doll,  Master  Cook,  and  H  any  ell  - 
Clarke,  Master  Cook  of  the  Houshold,  each,  one  marchpane ;  Thomas  French 
and  Raphe  Batty,  Serjeants  of  the  Pastry,  each,  one  pye  of  orengado ;  and  Tho- 
mas Duche,  Serjeant  of  the  Sceller,  two  bottelles  of  ypocras. 

Sir  Robert  Sidney l  reports,  in  a  Letter  to  Sir  John  Harrington,  in  l600,  that  Sir 
John's  present  to  the  Queen  (which  appears  to  have  been  literary  and  culinary) 
was  well  accepted.  The  Writer  encourages  him  to  please  the  Queen  by  all  he  can, 
and  describes  the  pageantry  attendant  on  a  Visit  from  his  Royal  Mistress2. 

In  l6"01,  Mr.  Lambarde,  the  celebrated  Kentish  Antiquary,  presented  his  Pan- 
decta  of  all  the  Rolls,  &c.  of  the  Tower  of  London. 

The  Queen  returned  the  compliment  by  presents  of  plate  to  the  different  Lords, 
Ladies,  Knights,  Gentlemen,  Gentlewomen,  Maids  of  Honour,  Chaplains  of  her 

1  Second  son  of  Sir  Henry  Sidney,  and  younger  brother  of  Sir  Philip ;  created  Lord  Sidney  in 
1603,  Earl  of  Leicester  in  1618,  and  died  1626.  See  Birch's  Memoirs  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 
Collins's  Memoirs  of  the  Sidneys,  prefixed  to  "  Letters  of  State,  &c." 

2  His  words  are  these:  "Your  presente  to  the  Queen  was  well  accepted  of;  shee  did  much  com- 
mend your  verse,  nor  did  shee  less  praise  your  prose.  The  Queen  hath  tasted  your  dainties,  and  saith, 
you  have  marvellous  skill  in  cooking  of  good  fruits.  Visite  your  friendes  often,  and  please  the  Queen 
by  all  you  can.  1  do  see  the  Queen  often ,  she  doth  wax  weak  since  the  late  troubles,  and  Burleigh's 
death  doth  often  draw  tears  from  her  goodly  cheeks  5  she  walketh  out  but  little,  meditates  much 
alone,  and  sometimes  writes  in  private  to  her  best  friends.  The  Scottish  matters  do  cause  much  dis- 
course, but  we  know  not  the  true  grounds  of  state  business ;  nor  venture  farther  on  such  ticklish 
points.  Her  Highness  hath  done  honour  to  my  poor  house  by  visiting  me,  and  seemed  much  pleased 
at  what  we  did  to  please  her.     My  son  made  her  a  fair  Speech,  to  which  she  did  give  a  most  gracious 


xl  PREFACE. 

Houshold,  and  to  the  Prelates,  to  Embasadors,  and  to  foreigners  of  distinction  ; 

and  to  Mrs.  Tomyson  the  Dwarf1. 

This  practice  may  be  traced  back  to  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.  a  list  of  whose 

gifts  between  Christmas-day  and  the  4th  of  February,  in  the  sixth  year  of  his 

reign,  1428,  is  here  transcribed  from  Rymer's  Fcedera,  vol.  X.  p.  387  : 

Ceux  sount  les  parcelles  qui  sount  duez  au  Johan  Merston,  lesquelles  sount  paiez  par  commande- 
ment  du  roi  nostre  soverain  seignur,  par  l'avis  del  Seigneur  de  Tiptoft,  Senesehall  de  Houstiell, 
&  la  Dame  Boutiller,  parentre  le  feste  de  Noell,  l'an  sisme  ore  darrein  passe,  &  le  quarte  jour  de 
Feverer  adonques  ensuiant ;  assavoir, 

En  primes,  donne  par  commandement  du  roi,  par  l'avis  du  dit  Seigneur  de  Tiptoft  &  la  Dame  de 
Boutiller,  a  Johan  Salamon  escuier,   presentant  nostre  dit  seignur  le  roi  avec  une  coupe  &  eyer  d'or 

reply.  The  women  did  dance  before  her,  whiist  the  cornets  did  salute  from  the  gallery;  and  she  did 
vouchsafe  to  eat  two  morsels  of  rich  comfit  cake,  and  drank  a  small  cordial  from  a  gold  cup.  She 
had  a  marvelous  suit  of  velvet  borne  by  four  of  her  first  women  attendants  in  rich  apparel ;  two 
Ushers  did  go  before,  and  at  going  up  stairs  she  called  for  a  staff,  and  was  much  wearied  in  walking 
about  the  house,  and  said  she  wished  to  come  another  day.  Six  drums  and  six  trumpets  waited  in  the 
Court,  and  sounded  at  her  approach  and  departure.  My  wife  did  bear  herself  in  wondrous  good- 
liking,  and  was  attired  in  a  purple  kyrtle,  fringed  with  gold  j  and  myself  in  a  rich  band  and  collar  oj? 
needle-work,  and  did  wear  a  goodly  stuff  of  the  bravest  cut  and  fashion,  with  an  under  body  of  silver 
and  loops.  The  Queen  was  much  in  commendation  of  our  appearances,  and  smiled  at  the  Ladies, 
who  in  their  dances  often  came  up  to  the  stepp  on  which  the  seat  was  fixed  to  make  their  obeysance, 
and  so  fell  back  into  their  order  again.  The  younger  Markham  did  several  gallant  feats  on  a  horse 
before  the  gate,  leaping  down  and  kissing  his  sword,  then  mounting  swiftly  on  the  saddle,  and  passed 
a  lance  with  much  skill.  The  day  well  nigh  spent,  the  jQueen  went  and  tasted  a  small  beverage  that 
was  set  out  in  divers  rooms  where  she  might  pass;  and  then  in  much  order  was  attended  to  her 
Palace,  the  cornets  and  trumpets  sounding  through  the  streets.  One  Knight  (I  dare  not  name)  did  say, 
the  JQueen  had  done  me  more  honour  than  some  that  had  served  her  better ;  but  envious  tongues  have 
venomed  shafts,  and  so  I  rest  in  peace  with  what  has  happened;  and  God  speed  us  all,  my  worthy  Knight." 
1  On  New-year's  day,  1604-5,  Henry  the  fifth  Earl  of  Huntingdon  presented  to  King  James  ^£20 
in  gold  ;  and  received  in  return  18  ounces  of  gilt  plate  ;  and  the  ceremony  on  this  occasion  is  thus 
recorded  in  his  own  words  :  "  The  manner  of  presentinge  a  New-yere's  guifte  to  his  Matie  from  the 
Earle  of  Huntingdon.  You  must  buy  a  new  purse  of  about  vs.  price,  and  put  therinto  xx  peeces  of 
new  gold  of  xxs.  apeice,  and  go  to  the  Presence-Chambeer,  where  the  Court  is,  upon  New-yere"s  day, 
in  the  morninge  abut  8  a  clocke,  and  deliver  the  purse  and  the  gold  unto  my  Lord  Chamberlin,  then 
you  must  go  downe  to  the  Jewell  House  for  a  ticket  to  receive  xviiis.  \\d.  as  a  gift  to  your  paines,  and 
give  \ul.  there  to  the  box  for  your  ticket;  then  go  to  Sr  Wm  Veall's  office,  and  shew  your  ticket,  and 
receive  your  xviiis.  \id.  Then  go  to  the  Jewell  Howse  again,  and  make  choice  of  a  peece  of  plate  of 
xxx  ounces  waight,  and  marke  it,  and  then  in  the  afternoone  you  may  go  and  fetch  it  away,  and 
then  give  the  gentleman  that  delivers  it  \ou  xls.  in  gold,  and  give  to  the  box  iis.  and  to  the 
porter  vid." 


PREFACE.  xli 

donne  au  roi  nostra  dit  sire  par  la  treshault  &  tres  puissant  Princesse  la  roigne  Katerine  sa  miere  le 
primer  jour  del  an,  66s.  8d. 

Item,  donne  a  William  Pope  escuier,  presentant  nostre  dit  sire  le  roi  avec  une  coupe  con  tenant  de 
jaspis  &  d'or  garniz  des  baleis,  saphiers,  &  perles,  donne  au  Roi  notre  souverain  sire  avantdit  par  le 
tres  hault  &  tres  puissant  le  Due  de  Gloucestre  a  mesme  le  jour,  40s. 

Item,  donne  a  Hugh  Faukes,  presentant  nostre  dit  sire  le  roi  avec  une  grande  peire  bedes  de  corall, 
les  gaudes  d'or,  ovec  une  broche  d'or  que  jadis  fuit  au  roi  Edward,  donne  a  luy  par  Messieur  Thomas 
Erpyngham  chivaler,  a  mesme  le  jour,  20s. 

Item,  donne  a  la  fitz  de  William  Kerby,  presentant  nostre  dit  sire  le  roi  ovec  fesantz,  3s.  4d. 

Et  a  John  de  Monmoth,  presentant  nostre  dit  sire  le  roi  ovec  kydes,  13s.  4d.  En  tout  16s.  8d. 


Follow  several  curious  articles  of  a  different  kind. 

Item,  donne  par  commandement  du  roi,  par  lour  avis  desuisditz,  a  les  heraldes,  pur  leurs  largeis 
pur  le  feste  de  Noel,  cent.  sol. 

Et  auxi  a  les  ministrellis  pur  lour  regard,  66s.  8(7. 

Et  a  Jakke  Traisaill  &  'ses  compaignons  faisans  diverses  jeuues  &  entreludes  dedeins  le  feste  de 
Noell  devant  notre  dit  sire  le  roi,  4  lib. 

Et  as  autres  jeuurs  de  Abijndon,  feisantz  entreludes  dedeins  le  dit  feste  de  Noel,  20  sol. 

En  tout  *gl3.  6s.  Sd. 

Item,  paie  pur  les  offerandes  de  roi,  assavoir  en  le  feste  de  Saint  Edward,  6s.  Sd. 

Le  jonr  de  l'Apthie,  6s.  Sd. 

Et  dedans  l'Abbei  de  Waltham,  a  soun  venu  jusques  a  Hertford,  pur  son  offerand,  6s.  8d.  En  tout,  20s. 

Item,  donne  a  deux  hommes  de  1'Abbe  de  Waltham  esteantz  ovec  nostre  sire  le  roi  ovec  une  couple 
des  chivalx  pur  carier  les  femmes  du  roi  en  une  chare  de  Eltham  jusques  Hertford,  6s.  8d. 

Et  a  Robert  Atkynsone,  pur  carier  les  organes  portatifs  du  roy  par  diverses  foitz  a  pee,  assavoir  de 
Wyndesore  jusques  Eltham,  &  de  Eltham  jusques  Hertford,  6s.  Sd.  En  tout,  13s.  4d. 

Item,  donne  par  commandement  du  roy  a  Grisell  Bealknap,  demourant  avec  la  Dame  de  Boutiller, 
en  une  coller  d'argent  dorrez  de  sa  livere,  priz  12s. 

Et  a  Philip  Cowerly,  demourant  avec  le  fitz  del  Counte  d'Ormound,  en  une  coler  d'argent  de  sa 
livere,  priz  6s.  Sd. 

Et  a  Robert  Wesenham,  John  Basset,  &  Thomas  Braunspeth,  esteantz  ovec  le  sire  du  Roos, 

Phelip  de  Chetwynd,  John  Shirley,  ovec  le  Count  de  Warwick, 

William  lngulby,  &  a  Esmwul,  le  fitz  de  John  Punjent, 

A  chascun  d'eux  une  coller  d'argent  de  sa  livere,  pris  le  peece,  6s.  Sd.  En  tout  65s.  Ad. 

Item,  a  John  Hampton,  Gilberte  Parre,  escuiers,  Ushers  du  Chambre  notre  dit  sire  le  roi,  &  as  autres 
varlettz,  garcions  &  pages  du  dit  chambre  nostre  soverain  sire  avantdit,  pur  ses  gages  dehors  la  court 
esteantz  aderere,  jusque  a  somme  de  46s.  Sd. 

Item,  paie  pur  1'offerand  du  roi  a  jour  de  la  Chaundeleure  et  l'onneure  de  Nostre  Dame,  33s.  4J. 

Et  per  soun  offerande  a  une  masse  de  Requiem  chaunte  pur  le  Due  de  Lancastre  le  quatre  jour 
de  Feverer,  Gs.  Sd.  En  {out>  40s 


Xlii  PREFACE. 

The  last  remains  of  this  custom  at  Court  were,  that,  till  within  these  few  years, 
the  Chaplains  in  waiting  on  New-year's  day  had  each  a  crown-piece  laid  under 
their  plates  at  dinner. 

Churchyard's  "  New-year's  Gift,"  1593,  is  a  compliment  to  the  principal 
Nobility,  under  the  names  of  the  towns  whence  they  took  their  titles.  Another 
seems  to  have  been  presented  by  an  anonymous  poet. 

One  more  curious  evidence  of  the  dresses  of  the  time  we  could  not  dispense  with 
adding,  at  the  same  time  regretting  how  few  original  portraits  have  been  engraved 
for  this  reign  of  the  abundance  we  have  seen  in  different  collections,  too  many  of 
them  falling  a  prey  to  damp  and  other  neglect.  Mr.  Granger  has  hardly  recorded 
any  portraits  of  ladies  in  particular;  yet  these  are  the  best  comments  on  the 
robe,  round  gown,  French  gown,  loose  gown,  kirtle,  fore  part  petticoat,  cloak, 
cloak  and  safeguard,  safeguard,  safeguard  and  juppes,  dublette,  lappe  mantle, 
pairs  of  boddys,  stomachers,  gascon  coats,  skimskyn  waistcoats,  cushion  and 
cushion  cloth,  saddle  cloth,  fan,  pantoble,  swete  gloves,  creppins  l,  swete  bags, 
of  this  royal  and  of  many  a  noble  and  gentlewomanly  wardrobe ;  not  to  men- 
tion the  millenery  articles,  of  vails,  caps,  ruffs,  scarfs,  cuffs,  kerchiefs,  hand- 
kerchers,  night  coyfs,  caps,  smocks,  nightrail,  silk  stockings  3,  sleeves,  ruffles,  and 
aprons,  attire  of  stitched  cloth,  and  hair  wrought  in  eysing  puffs,  or  the  jewellery 
of  pearl,  necklaces,  chains,  collars,  bracelets,  sprigs  of  pearls  for  the  arms  or  wrists, 
solitaires,  pendants,  partelettes,  trinkets,  and  bijoux  of  gold  enamelled  and  set 
with  jewels,  tassels,  girdles,  pictures  set  with  jewels,  rings,  fan-handles ;  or  the 
lesser  ornaments  of  the  black  silk  plain  twisted  round  the  wrists,  or  for  fastening 
the  rings  on  the  fingers  to  the  wrist,  or  cut  into  narrow  foliage ;  the  ribbands  in 
bows  at  the  breast,  or  round  the  waist. 

1  Crespine,  a  French  hood. 

1  It  is  said  by  Howel,  in  his  "  History  of  the  World,"  that  "Queen  Elizabeth  in  1561  was  pre- 
sented with  a  pair  of  black  silk  knit  stockings,  by  her  silk-woman  Mrs.  Montague,  and  thenceforth 
she  never  wore  cloth  hose  any  more." — Mrs.  Vaughan's  New-year's  Gift  to  the  Queen,  in  15SS-9, 
was,  "  a  pair  of  silk  stockings  and  a  pair  of  garters  of  white  sypres." 

It  has  been  said  that  Henry  II.  of  France  was  the  first  who  wore  silk  stockings  in  that  kingdom, 
•Which  was  at  the  marriage  of  his  sister  with  the  Duke  of  Savoy :  but  he  was  on  his  death-bed 
when  this  marriage  was  solemnized.     Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LIII.  p.  139. 

Queen  Elizabeth  is  said,  by  Mr.  Anderson,  in  his  History  of  Commerce,  to  have  first  worn  knit 
stockings  1561 ;  but  Archbishop  Sandys  had  hose  three  years  before  (1558)  made  by  a  tailor,  and 
therefore  probably  of  cloth.     Holinshed,  vol.  II.  p.  1158.— From  the  Household  Book  of  Sir  Thomas 


PREFACE. 


xliii 


Certain  incidental  entertainments  of  eminent  personages  from  other  countries, 
and  of  English  Noblemen  when  sent  abroad  on  public  business  during  this  mag- 
nificent reign,  have  been  deemed  not  foreign  to  our  subject.  The  grand  Cere- 
monial at  the  Christening  of  Prince  Henry,  the  son  of  King  James  VI.  of  Scot- 
land in  1594  l ;  and  of  Prince  Charles  in  1600  ;  the  ceremony  of  electing  a  Lord 
Mayor  of  London,  and  of  drinking  to  a  Sheriff,  and  various  proofs  of  City  Loyalty ; 
the  Entertainments  at  the  Inns  of  Court ;  and  some  occasional  articles  of  public 
magnificence  or  private  ceremony,  illustrative  of  the  manners  or  the  expences  of 
the  times. 

L'Estrange,  of  Hunstanton,  in  Norfolk,  kept  by  his  wife  Ann,  daughter  of  Lord  Vaux,  it  appears, 
that  in  1533,  25  Henry  VIII.  eight  shillings  were  paid  for  a  pair  of  knit-hose  for  him,  and  one  shil- 
ling for  two  pair  of  ditto  for  his  children  j  so  that  knit-hose  were  not  so  great  a  rarity  as  Stow 
supposed,  when  he  stated  in  his  Annals,  1564,  p.  368,  that  that  year  William  Rider,  apprentice  to 
Master  Thomas  Burder,  at  the  Bridge-foot,  over  against  St.  Magnus,  chancing  to  see  a  pair  of  knit 
worsted  stockings  in  the  lodgings  of  an  Italian  merchant  that  came  from  Mantua,  borrowed  them, 
and  caused  others  to  be  made  by  them,  which  were  the  first  worsted  stockings  made  in  England,  unless 
we  suppose  those  of  the  L'Estrange  family  were  of  thread.    In  Harrison's  time  knit  hosen  were  so 
common,  that  the  country  women  dyed  them  black  with  alder  bark  (Description  of  Britain,  p.  13) ; 
and  in  the  Norwich  pageant,  1573,  were  introduced  eight  children  knitting  yarn  hose.     Knit  woollen 
hose  are  mentioned  in  an  account  of  6  Edw.  VI.  1552.     See  Gent.  Mag.  1778,  pp.  314,  350 ;   1782, 
pp.  76,  168,  229,  434,  471 3  1783,  pp.  38,  127,  139.  —  Stow,  Annals,  p.  869,  says,  the  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke was  the  first  who  wore  worsted  stockings  :  but  he  does  not  say,  as  Mr.  Granger  represents  his 
words,  that  they  were  presented  him  by  William  Rider.    It  is  only  a  marginal  note  to  the  story  of  Rider. 
1  A  particular  description  of  this  grand  Ceremony  was  first  printed  in  Scotland,  under  the  title  of 
"  A  true  Reportarie  of  the  most  triumphant  and  royal  accomplishment  of  the  Baptisme  of  the  most 
excellent,  right  high,  and  mightie  Prince  Frederick  Henry,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  Prince  of  Scotland. 
Solemnized  the  30th  of  August,  1594.     Printed  in  Scotland,  by  R.  Waldegrave.     Cum  privilegio 
Regale,  4to."      Ames,  in  his  Typographical  Antiquities,  p.  426,  mentions  a  tract  with  nearly   the 
same  title,  printed  at  London,  by  Thomas  Creed,  for  John  Brown,  1594,  in  quarto,  in  which  Henry 
is  designated  Prince  oj  Wales,  an  anachronism  not  readily  accounted  for,  but  by  supposing  it  to  be 
an  ironical  publication.     Henry  was  not  created  Prince  of  Wales  until  the  year  1610.     Both  tracts 
are  considered  to  be  remarkably  scarce. — Prince  Henry,  the  son  of  King  James  the  First,  was  born 
at  Stirling  Castle,  Feb.  19,  1594.     His  baptism  was  performed  in  a  new  Chapel  erected  for  the  occa- 
sion, at  that  place.     The  Ceremonial  was  the  most  magnificent  Scotland  ever  saw.    jQueen  Elizabeth 
was  godmother,  Robert  Earl  of  Sussex  being  sent  on  an  honorable  embassy  to  Scotland  for  that  pur- 
pose.    Lord  Lion  King  of  Arms  proclaimed  his  titles,  viz.  "  Henry  Frederick,  Knight,  Baron  of 
Renfrew,  Lord  of  the  Isles,  Earl  of  Carrie,  Duke  of  Rothsay,  and  Prince  and  Steward  of  Scotland." 
Gold  and  silver  medals  were  distributed  on  the  occasion,  many  gentlemen  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood,  and  the  public  rejoicings  were  continued  for  a  month. 


Xliv  PREFACE. 

The  "  Triumphal  Justs"  at  the  Tilt-yard  !  at  various  periods  are  an  interesting 
feature  in  the  Elizabethan  Annals  2.  At  one  of  these  solemnities,  in  1 590,  the 
veteran  Hero  Sir  Henry  Lee  resigned  the  office  of  Personal  Champion  to  her 
Majesty,  in  due  form,  to  George  Clifford,  Earl  of  Cumberland3. 

Of  Elizabeth's  discernment  in  the  selection  of  her  more  immediate  Attend- 
ants, this  appointment,  among  numberless  others,  is  an  abundant  proof;  as  this 
gallant  Peer  was  certainly  one  of  the  most  accomplished  Courtiers  in  that  age  of 
chivalry.  "  Never  Prince  kept  greater  state  with  less  stateliness.  Her  Pensioners 
and  Guard  were  always  the  tallest  and  goodliest  Gentlemen  and  Yeomen  of  the 
Kingdom  ;  her  Maids  of  Honour,  and  other  Women  about  her,  the  fairest  and 
most  beautiful  Ladies  of  the  Realm  ;  and  yet  herself  a  Diana  among  her 
Nymphs  4." 

In  the  beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign,  she  reduced  her  expence  a  little 
below  what  her  father  ended  with,  but,  at  the  conclusion  of  her  long  Reign,  it 
was  increased  to  ^55,000 5.  A  little  before  her  death  she  was  very  uneasy  at 
finding  her  houshold  expences  run  so  high,  and  the  following  account  of  a  con- 
versation which  she  had  on  the  subject  with  Mr.  Browne,  one  of  the  Officers  of 

1  See  vol.  I.  p.  276;  vol.  II.  p.  319;  vol.  III.  p.  41. 

5  That  the  Queen  condescended  to  honour  by  her  presence  sports  of  a  very  different  complexion, 
will  appear  from  numerous  places  in  this  Collection,  and  from  the  fragment  of  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Playter  to  Mr.  Kitson,  vol.  II.  p.  250*. 

3  Of  both  these  heroic  Champions  see  in  vol.  III.  pp.  44.  497. 

*  So  says  Sir  Richard  Baker,  in  his  Chronicle,  p.  422. 

In  the  third  and  fourth  verses  of  George  Gascoigne's  second  Song  in  the  "  Vanities  of  Beauty,'' 
(MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  18  A.  61)  he  thus  compliments  his  Royal  Mistress: 
""  My  Queen  herself  comes  foremost  of  them  all,       This  is  the  Queene  whose  only  looke  subdewed 
And  best  deserves  that  place  in  m'eche  degree,  Her  provvdest  foes,  withowten  spear  or  sheeld. 

Whose  presence  now  must  needs  thy  sprytes  apall,     This  is  the  Queene,  whom  never  eye  yet  viewed, 
She  is  so  faire,  and  Angell  lyke  to  see.  But  streight  the  hart  wast  forst  thereby  to  yeelde. 

Beholde  her  well  (my  Muse  !)  for  this  is  she  [wyde,      This  Queen  it  is,  who  (had  she  sat  in  feeld, 
Whose  bewtie's  beams  do  spredd  themselues  full      When  Paris  iudged  that  Venus  bore  the  bell,) 
Both  in  this  Realme,  and  all  the  worlde  beside.  The  prize  were  her's,  for  she  deserues  it  well." 

5  From  the  Pipe  Rolls  it  appears,  that  the  greatest  expence  of  Henry  VII.  was  about  ^15,000  per 
arm.  but  this  was  afterwards  lessened,  and  towards  the  end  of  his  Reign  was  reduced  to  about  ^13,000. 

Henry  the  Eighth,  a  Prince  fond  of  expence,  began  with  about  =£16,000  per  arm.  and  went  on 
increasing  till,  in  his  30th  year,  the  expence  was  ^£22,000;  in  the  33rd  year  it  got  up  to  s£34,000, 
and  the  37th  to  40,000. 


PREFACE. 


xlv 


her  Green-cloth,  is  truly  characteristic  of  her1.    She  died  shortly  after,  and  before 
any  thing  had  been  done  to  correct  the  abuses  complained  of. 

1  The  original  of  this  paper  is  amongst  some  that  were  collected  by  Sir  Julius  Caesar.    It  is  indorsed, 
"  The  late  Q.  Mates  spetches  often  tymes  to  R.  Bro:  for  household  causes." 

Richard  Browne's  advice  to  the  late  Queene,  and  her  M*s  speeches  and  com*s  at  sundrie  times 
to  him  for  household  causes  knowen  to  some  of  the  Lo.  in  Council  and  White-staves. 
"  The  household  charges  abridged  from  =£50,000  to  ag44,O0O  per  cam.  for  in  two  offices  onlie 
ag2,000  per  arm.  abated.— Larder — Poultrie— her  Matie  has  notwithstanding  told  Browne,  that  in  the 
beginning  of  her  Raigne  lesse  than  ^40,000  defrayed  the  charge.  Browne  answered,  that  all  pro- 
vie' ons  then  weare  cheaper.  The  (Queen  said,  that  may  bee  soe,  and  1  save  by  the  late  compoc'on 
(as  I  am  informed)  ,§£10,000  per  arm.  and  therefore  I  charge  you  examyne  the  difference  of  some  y  are 
in  the  beginninge  of  my  Raigne  with  one  yeares  expences  now,  and  lett  me  understand  ytt, 

"  An  examinac'on  and  conference  was  made  betweene  the  third  yeare  and  the  43th  yeare,  yt  was 

found  that  in  bread,  beare,  wyne,  wood,  coles,  wax-lights,  torches,  tallow-lights,  and  some  meete,  and 

other  allowances  of  incidents,  necessaries,  carriages,  wages,  &c.  to  the  some  of  -£12,000  per  arm.  at  the 

least,  more  was  spent  in  a<>  43tio  then  in  a"  3tio  Regae,  and  no  sufficient  warrant  for  the  increase,  whereby 

ytt  did  playnlie  appeare,  that  the  booke  signed  by  her  Matie  for  the  honorable  allowance  to  all  p'sons 

was  not  exceeded.     The  Queenes  Matie  being  informed  of  this  difference,  and  being  therewith  moved 

greatlie,  said,  And  shall  I  suffer  this,  did  not  I  tell  you,  Browne,  what  you  should  fynd,  I  was  nevr  jn  aii 

my  government,  soe  royallie,  with  nombers  of  Noblemen  and  La.  attended  upon,  as  in  the  beginninge 

of  my  Raigne,  all  offices  in  my  Co^t  being  supplied,  wch  now  are  not,  and  all  those  then  satisfied  with 

my  allowance,  agreed  uppon  by  my  Councell  and  signed  by  me,  w*h  that  care  as  by  all  former  Princes 

hath  bene  used.    And  shall  these  now  that  attend,  and  have  the  like  allowances,  not  rest  contented  ?  1 

will  not  suffer  this  dishoia,:>le  spoile,  and  increase  that  noe  Prince  ever  before  me  did,  to  the  offence  of 

God,  and  great  greavance  of  my  lovinge  subjects,  who,  I  understand,  daylie  complayne,  and  not 

without  cause,  that  there  is  increase  daylie  of  carryadges  and   of  p'vic'on  taken  from  them,  at  low 

prices,  and  wastfullie  spent  within  my  Con  to  some  of  their  undoings,  and  now  myself  understanding 

of  yt,  they  may  justlie  accuse  me,  to  suffer  yt;  with  many  other  discontented  speeches,  delivered  with 

great  vehemencie,  complayninge  of  the  weaknesse  of  the  Whitestaves  to  suffer  yt,  and  accusinge  herT 

self  for  makinge  soe  slender  choice,  with  many  more  speeches,  &c.     But  my  speedie  order  for  refor- 

mac'on,  shall  satisfie  my  lovinge  subjects  greeved,  for  I  will  end  as  I  beganne  with  my  subjects'  love." 

In  another  hand  is  written,  "  yt  ys  no  marvell  thoughe  those  grevancs  were  compl.  in  Parliam1." 

"  Those  that  are  nearest  me,  and  have  dailie  great  benefit  by  suits,  have  these  wastfull  increases 

daylie,  but  my  White-staves  and  those  of  my  Green- cloth,  by  whom  all  good  orders  and  honokle 

allowances  should  be  maynteyned,  are  principal  falters  herein,  for  noe  increase  can  be  without  their 

privitie  and  unlawful  warraunt,  whereby  I  fynd  the  difference  of  officers  now,  and  in  the  beginninge  of 

ovv  Raigne.     Whereupon  her  Matle  gave  straight  charge  and  commandm1  to  Browne  forthwith  to 

that  order  repayre  to  the  Lo.  Treasurer,  Lo.  Admiral,  and  the  White-stave9  of  the  Howshould  (w<"h 

Browne  did),  might  be  taken  to  abridge  all  messes  of  meate,  and  other  expences,  more  than  the  booke 

signed  doth  allowe,  and  further  said,  myself  will  speke  unto  thern,  and  geve  them  charge,  and  then  let 

me  see  or  learn,  what  he  in  my  house  that  dareth  breake  and  disobey  my  orders  and  comandemts  signed, 

VOL.  I.  g 


xlvi 


PREFACE. 


Little  now  remains  but  the  pleasing  task  of  acknowledgment.  This  has  been 
in  some  degree  performed  in  the  beginning  of  this  Preface;  but  it  would  be 
unpardonable  were  I  not  to  return  my  grateful  thanks  to  the  Curators  of  the 
British  Museum,  for  the  facility  of  access  which  I  have  for  nearly  sixty  years  had 
to  that  matchless  Repository  of  valuable  MSS  ;  and  also  to  a  long  succession  of 
the  Officers  of  that  House,  to  whose  vigilance  and  attention  the  care  of  those  MSS. 
has  been  confided,  for  the  promptitude  with  which  my  labours  have  by  them  in 
numberless  instances  been  forwarded.  Among  these  might  be  particularized 
many  worthy  Friends  to  whom  these  thanks  are  now  of  no  avail ;  but  I  gladly 
offer  them  to  Mr.  Planta,  and  to  every  surviving  Officer  without  exception. 

By  the  Rev.  John  Price,  and  the  Rev.  John  Gutch,  much  information  was 
given  from  Oxford;  and  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Farmer  and  Mr. Tyson  from  Cambridge. 
When  officially  placed  in  situations  which  gave  me  every  proper  opportunity 
of  access  to  the  Records  of  the  City  of  London  1,  and  to  those  of  the  Company  of 
Stationers,  I  was  not  unmindful  of  exploring  those  genuine  and  important 
Annals  during  the  long  and  prosperous  Reign  of  our  glorious  Maiden  Queen. 

For  the  perusal  of  many  a  scarce  and  valuable  Tract,  in  this  and  a  variety  of 
literary  pursuits,  I  am  happy  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to  the  President 
and  Fellows  of  Sion  College,  and  their  benevolent  Librarian  Mr.  Watts. 

Mr.  Lodge's  very  interesting  Collection  from  the  "  Talbot  Papers,"  peculiarly 
illustrative  of  the  Elizabethan  aera,  have  supplied  many  apposite  extracts;  and 
the  researches  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Lysons,  in  his  accurate  description  of  the 
Environs  of  the  Metropolis,  have  been  eminently  useful;  particularly  at  Greenwich, 
which  may  boast  of  having  given  birth  to  Oueen  Elizabeth. 

with  verie  bitter  speeches,  that  shee  would  cleanse  her  Co1"*,  and  not  suffer  such  a  nomber  of  p'sons  and 
famylies  more  than  are  to  bee  allowed  to  bee  kept  within  the  Cort,  whereuppon  her  Mat'e  sent  certen 
noates  to  the  White-staves,  to  be  put  in  p'esent  execuc'on ;  in  the  meane  tyme,  before  the  efectinge 
whereof,  yt  pleased  God  to  take  her  Mat'e,  to  whose  mercie,  &c." 

1  Among  the  many  treasures  which  these  original  Records  contain,  is  a  large  collection  of  the 
Wills  of  eminent  Citizens,  from  the  Reign  of  King  John  to  that  of  jQueen  Elizabeth  inclusive,  with 
an  accurate  Calendar  to  the  whole.  And  here  let  me  do  justice  to  the  attention  which  has  recently 
been  paid  by  the  Corporation  to  the  improvement  of  the  several  offices  within  and  contiguous  to 
Guildhall,  particularly  in  that  of  the  Town  Clerk  ;  in  which  those  important  and  interesting  archives 
had  for  many  centuries  been  hid  in  the  recesses  of  a  dungeon,  impervious  alike  to  light  and  air. 
From  this  disgraceful  situation  they  are  now  rescued  ;  and,  by  the  opening  of  several  windows,  and 
the  erecting  of  proper  book-cases  for  their  reception,  they  are  rendered  capable  of  being  brought 
into  public  use ;  which  the  urbanity  of  the  present  Town  Clerk  and  his  Son  considerably  facilitate. 


PREFACE. 


xlvii 


In  the  former  Edition  I  was  indebted  to  Thomas  Astle,  Esq.  Keeper  of  the 
Records  in  the  Tower,  and  to  Craven  Ord,  Esq.  of  the  Court  of  Exchequer,  for 
transcripts  of  several  curious  documents. — To  Mr.  Ord  I  was  also  obliged  for  the 
loan  of  an  original  Roll l  of  New-year's  Gifts.  A  similar  Roll  was  lent  me  by  the 
first  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  ;  and  two  others  by  William  TIerrick,  Esq.  of 
Beaumanor  Park,  Leicestershire,  the  lineal  descendant  of  Sir  William  Herrick, 
who  had  been  Goldsmith  to  Queen  Elizabeth — an  office  which  he  continued  to 
hold  under  King  James. 

Several  of  the  Poetical  articles  were  contributed  by  Thomas  Park,  Esq.  the 
intelligent  Continuator  of  the  "  Royal  and  Noble  Authors,"  the  Re-publisher 
of  Harington's  "  Nugae  Antiquae2,"  a"d  Author  of  some  beautiful  Poems. 

Among  the  other  Contributors  were  also  the  venerable  Bishop  Hurd,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Samuel  Pegge,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Warton,  the  Rev,  Thomas  Warton, 
the  Rev.  John  Milner3,  the  Rev.  George  Ashby,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Denne, 
Dr.  Ducarel,  John  Thorpe,  Esq.  Isaac  Reed,  Esq.  and  Mr.  William  Herbert. 

In  the  present  Edition,  I  have  been  favoured  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Archdeacon 
Churton  with  the  Queen's  Entertainment  by  the  Countess  of  Derby  at  Harefield. 

I  am  also  indebted  to  William  Bray,  Esq.  the  highly-respected  Treasurer  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  for  several  particulars  respecting  the  Royal  Visits  at 
Loseley  and  its  vicinity  ; — to  William   Hamper,  Esq.  for  the  "  Masques1  at  Sir 

1  This  Roll  had  in  1736  been  exhibited  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  with  another  of  the  first 
year  of  the  Queen,  and  one  of  the  last  year  of  King  Edward  VI. — Of  a  Roll  in  the  27th  year  of  the 
Qaeen,  see  vol.  II.  p.  424. 

4  In  the  first  volume  of  that  entertaining  work,  p.  115,  are  two  Letters  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  found 
in  a  MS.  intituled,  "  A  precious  Token  of  her  Highness'  great  wit  and  marvelous  understanding ;" 
the  first  of  them  written  by  her  own  hand,  whilst  she  dictated  the  other  ;  and  "  their  authenticity," 
says  Mr.  Harrington,  "  is  little  to  be  doubted,  as  the  MS.  contained  many  papers  written  in  her  time 
by  a  person  about  the  Court.  It  doth  not  seem  improbable  that  Elizabeth's  ambition  might  prompt 
her  to  emulate  other  Princes  in  the  gift  of  writing,  dictating,  and  conversing  at  the  same  time,  as 
these  letters  intimate  she  did,  on  different  subjects.  At  what  time  this  happened  is  not  mentioned, 
nor  does  the  subject  determine  the  period."  In  the  same  volume,  p.  293,  is  a  Journall  of  the  L. 
Lieutenants  procedinges  from  the  xxviijth  Aug.  tyll  the  viiith  of  Sept.  1599."  This  Journal  is  printed 
from  a  MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library  [Titus,  B.  xiii.],  and  has  the  following  indorsement :  "  This 
came  with  a  private  Lettre  to  the  Queen,  wherin  the  Earl  wrote,  that  the  Traytour  was  gon  to  Odonell 
to  conferr  with  him,  for  which  he  had  given  him  time  5  and,  as  the  Queen  affirmed,  he  wrote  that 
he  should  be  able  to  advertize  her  of  all  things  within  xx  dayes."  And  in  p.  302  is  a  long  Letter  from 
"  the  Queen  to  the  Erl  of  Essex,  in  answer  to  his  Lettre  with  his  Journall,"  dated  at  Nonsuch,  with 
the  ltoyall  Signett,  the  xvij  day  of  September,  1599. 

9  The  well-informed  Historian  of  Winchester  ;  resident  at  Wolverhampton,  and  a  Catholic  Bishop. 


Xlviil  PREFACE. 

Henry  Lee's  ;**  and  to  his  liberal  Publisher  Mr.  Merridew,  for  the  very  neat  en- 
gravings on  wood  which  embellish  them.  Two  beautiful  Plates  of  Richmond 
Palace  have  been  contributed  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Maurice,  the  matchless  Illus- 
trator of  "  Indian  Antiquities;" — the  Portrait  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  and  the 
View  of  the  Palace  of  Enfield,  by  William  Robinson,  Esq.  LL.  D. ; — the  View 
of  Burleigh  House,  and  the  Gateway  of  the  White  Friars  at  Stamford,  by  Mr. 
Drakard,  of  Stamford ; — and  the  Plan  of  Oatlands  by  Mr.  Priestley. 

By  Thomas  Sharp,  Esq.  I  have  been  favoured,  from  the  Corporation  Books  of 
Coventry,  with  the  Visit  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1565  ;  and,  from  those  of  Lich- 
field, with  the  Expences  of  her  Visit  there,  in  1575; — by  the  Hon.  Richard 
Neville,  with  Extracts  from  the  Town  Books  of  Saffron-Walden  ; — by  Sir 
Richard  Colt  Hoare,  Bart,  with  similar  informaton  from  Heytesbury  ; — and 
by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  the  Historian  of  Hallamshire,  Mr.  Ellis,  and 
Mr.  Upcott,  with  transcripts  of  several  Original  Letters. 

The  Extracts  from  Faversham  had  before  been  communicated  by  Edward 
Jacob,  Esq. ;  and  Mr.  Valentine  Green's  History  of  Worcester  has  supplied 
those  of  that  City. 

After  all  my  endeavours,  many  curious  particulars  yet  remain  to  be  discovered  J 
some  of  which  I  am  able  to  particularize,  whilst  others  continue  undiscovered  in 
public  or  private  repositories. 

The  "  Poem1"  in  1571,  and  the  Oration2  in  1573,  I  have  never  met  with  ;  nor 
with  numerous  Tracts  and  Ballads  published  in  honour  of  the  defeat  of  the 
Spanish  Armada  in  15883.  "  The  Pastime  of  the  Progress,"  imprinted  in  1 5 7 5 , 
would  be  a  valuable  acquisition.  Though,  according  to  Churchyard,  "  it  doth 
nothing  touch  the  particularitie  of  every  commendable  action,"  yet  it  "  generally 
reherseth  hir  Majestie's  cheerefull  entertainment  in  all  places  where  shee  passed  : 
togither  with  the  exceeding  ioye  that  her  subiects  had  to  see  hir4." 

Of  the  Entertainment  by  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  at  Osterley  Park,  in  1 57S  or 
1579s  some  particulars  have  been  given  in  vol.  II.  p.  27a.  But  a  publication  by 
Churchyard,  under  the  title  of  "  The  Devises  of  Warre,  and  a  Play,  at  Auster- 
ley,  her  Highness  being  at  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's,"  still  eludes  the  most  dili- 
gent researches.  Perhaps,  however,  it  was  only  circulated  in  MS.  as  was  the 
custom  of  these  times  ;  for  it  appears  that  both  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  and  Sir  Ro- 
bert Sidney  had  a  copy  of  the  ""Speeches  and  Verses  at  Harefield." — Sir  Robert 

1  See  vol.  L  p.  486.  *  See  p.  xvi.  3  See  p.  xvii.  «  Vol.  II.  p.  544. 


PREFACE.  xlix 

Sidney  had  also  the  "  Speeches"  at  Sir  William  Russel's  at  Chiswick  1i  and  Mr. 
Chamberlain  the  verses  at  Mr.  Secretary  Cecil's2  in  1602,  to  which  Mr.  Hales,  a 
Gentleman  of  the  Queen's  Chapel,  framed  a  Ditty. 

I  have  bestowed  much  labour,  but  without  success,  in  endeavouring  to  obtain 
a  copy  of  "  Polyhymnia3,  describing  the  honourable  Triumphs  of  Tylt  before 
Jher  Majeste,  on  the  17th  of  November  last  past,  with  Sir  Henry  Lea  his  resigna- 
tion of  honour  at  Tylt  to  her  Majestic     Printed  by  R.  Jhones,  1590,"  in  4to. 

Trifling  as  it  may  at  first  sight  appear  to  enter  the  payments  for  ringing  the 
bells  at  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster,  Lambeth  4,  &c.  ;  and  the  Churchwarden's 
Aceompts  of  various  other  places,  they  have  been  of  material  service  in  pointing 
out  the  dates  of  many  a  Royal  Visit  which  had  heretofore  always  escaped  notice. 

Many  other  articles  might,  doubtless,  be  discovered  in  the  Libraries  of  Noble 
and  Illustrious  Families,  whose  Ancestors  have  been  honoured  by  the  presence 

1  Probably  to  be  found  in  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  Record-room  at  Woburn  Abbey. 

2  And  these  either  at  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury's  at  Hatfield,  or  the  Marquis  of  Exeter's  at  Burleigh. 

3  The  Author  of  this  Tract  published  soon  after,  "  The  Honour  of  the  Garter  displaied  in  a  Poem 
gratulatorie.  Entituled,  to  the  worthie  and  renowned  Earle  of  Northumberland,  created  Knight  of 
that  Order,  and  installed  at  Windsore  anno  regni  Elizabethe  35,  die  Junii  26.  By  Geo.  Peele,  Maister 
of  Arts,  in  Oxenford.  London  :  Printed  by  the  Widow  Charlewood,  1593,"  4to.  He  appears  from 
this  work  to  have  been  patronized  by  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  ;  he  was  a  dramatic  writer,  the 
City  poet,  and  had  the  ordering  of  the  pageants.     He  died  before  the  year  1598. 

4  The  following  extracts,  with  Mr.  Denne's  remarks  on  them,  deserve  attention  :  "  On  the  20th 
of  April,  1571,  for  rynging  when  the  Queenes  Majestie  rode  about  St.  George's  Fields,  Is. — It  was 
at  this  time  that  the  Archbishop  Parker  had  an  interview  with  the  Queen  upon  Lambeth  Bridge 
after  he  had  given  offence  to  her,  because  he  had  freely  spoken  to  her  concerning  his  office.  The 
Archbishop  relates  this  incident  in  a  letter  to  Lady  Bacon  :  "  I  will  not,"  writes  he,  "  be  abashed 
to  say  to  my  Prince,  that  T  think  in  conscience  in  answering  to  my  charging.  As  this  other  day  I 
was  well  chidden  at  my  Prince's  hand ;  but  with  one  ear  I  heard  her  hard  words,  and  with  the 
other,  and  in  my  conscience  and  heart,  I  heard  God.  And  yet,  her  Highness  being  never  so  much 
incensed  to  be  offended  with  me,  the  next  day  coming  to  Lambeth  Bridge  into  the  fields,  and  I,  ac- 
cording to  my  duty,  meeting  her  on  the  bridge,  she  gave  me  her  very  good  looks,  and  spake  secretly 
in  myne  ear,  that  she  must  needs  continue  mine  authority,  before  the  people,  to  the  credit  of  my  ser- 
vice. Wherat  divers  of  my  Arches  then  being  with  me,  peradventure  mervailed,  where  peradventure 
somebody  would  have  looked  over  the  shoulders,  and  slily  slipt  away  to  have  abashed  me  before  the 
world." — It  was  in  this  year  that  the  Archbishop  repaired  and  beautified  his  Palace,  covering  the 
Great  Hall  with  shingles,  and  making  entirely  the  long  bridge  that  reached  the  Thames. 

"  1571.  At  the  overthrowe  of  the  Tourke,  ls."r— The  defeat  of  the  Turkish  fleet,  when  a  great 
many  of  their  ships  were  destroyed  by  the  Christians  in  the  Levant,  is  the  event  alluded  to.  In 
Stiype's  Annals,  vol.  II.  p.  105,  is  the  Queen's  command,  dated  Nov.  8,  to  the  Bishop  of  London,  for 
a  thanksgiving  prayer  upon  this  occasion ;  and,  at  p.  106  is  an  order  of  Council,  directed  to  the  Lord 
Mayor,  to  shew  public  demonstrations  of  joy. 


1  PREFACE. 

of  the  Royal  Guest ;  and  many  memoranda  might  still  be  traced  in  the  Corpora- 
tion Books,  Town  Records,  or  Registers,  of  the  several  places  which  she  visited. 
This  more  particularly  refers  to  St.  Alban's,  Bristol,  Cambridge,  Canterbury, 
Chatham,  Chichester,  Colchester,  Croydon,  Dartford,  St.  Edmund's  Bury,  Farn- 
ham,  Gravesend,  Harwich,  Hertford,  Huntingdon,  Ipswich,  Lincoln,  Newbury, 
Northampton,  Norwich,  Oxford,  Rochester,  Salisbury,  Southampton,  Stafford, 
Stamford,  Thetford,  Wilton,  Windsor,  Woodstock,  and  Yarmouth;  and  to  the 
Parochial  Registers  of  every  Town  which  occurs  in  the  List  printed  in  page  li. ' 

Whilst  employed  in  collecting  the  "  Progresses  of  Queen  Elizabeth,"  it  oc- 
curred to  me  that  those  of  Ring  James  might  be  a  suitable  appendage.  Such  a 
Collection  was  actually  begun,  and  a  specimen  of  it  published  in  1807  ;  but  it 
has  since  been  so  considerably  enlarged  as  to  demand  a  separate  publication. 

What  I  said,  however,  in  the  year  1807,  and  what  I  then  very  seriously  thought, 
may  with  more  propriety  be  repeated  in  1823:  "  I  find  it  necessary  to  desist  from 
these  laborious  though  amusing  avocations,  and  to  leave  the  field  open  for  those 
who  may  have  more  leisure  and  superior  abilities  to  pursue  the  undertaking.  But 
I  cannot  conclude  without  acknowledging  that  I  feel  some  complacency  in  the  idea 
that  when  the  Progresses  of  King  George  the  Third  shall  become  the  subject  of 
Antiquarian  curiosity,  non  omnia  moriar.  The  Diaries  preserved  in  another  Repo- 
sitory x  will  furnish  some  future  Collector  of  Progresses  with  ample  and  authentic 
materials;  and  enable  him  to  inform  posterity,  that  in  popularity  that  amiable 
Monarch  at  least  equaled  the  renowned  Elizabeth;  and  that  his  Visits  were  not 
less  gratifying  to  his  admiring  subjects,  particularly  to  those  who  had  the  honour 
of  entertaining  him.  The  ungracious  return  to  "young  Rookicood,  the  Master  of 
Euston  Hall2,"  in  1578,  is  here  particularly  alluded  to;  and  forms  a  most  striking 
contrast  to  the  conciliating  manners  of  the  late  venerable  Father  of  his  People." 

The  Progresses  of  his  illustrious  Son  and  Successor  King  George  the  Fourth, 
which  have  been  of  far  more  considerable  extent,  will  long  live  in  the  pleasing 
recollections  of  the  Sister  Kingdoms  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  and  his  Majesty's 
Continental  Dominions.  They  are  deeply  engraven  on  the  hearts  of  his  loyal 
subjects  ;  and  recorded  in  periodical  publications.  That  it  may  be  long,  very 
long  befoie  his  "  Progresses"  are  finally  concluded,  is  the  hearty  prayer  of  his 
Majesty's  old  and  faithful  Subject,  and  dutiful  Servant, 

Highbury  Place,  March  1,  1823.  JOHN  NICHOLS. 

1  In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  *  See  vol.  II.  p.  216. 


11 


PLACES    VISITED    BY   THE    QUEEN. 


Aldersgate-street  iii.  529 

Alderton  iii.  129 

Allingbury    Morley,    or    Great 

Hallingbury  i.  99 
Alveley  ii.  94 
Ashridge  i.  6 

Audley  End  i.280.  ii.  108,  110 
Bankside  i.  68 
Barn  Elms  ii.  440.  iii.  2S 
Barrow  ii.  129 
Basing  i.  87,  258.  iii.  566 

Batenhall  Park  i.  542 
Bath  iii.  251 

Baynard's  Castle  i.  67,  416 

Bedgbury  i.  334,  347 

Bedington  iii.  441,  513 

Bekesborne  i.  348 

Berkeley  Castle  i.  321, 392 

Berling  i.  333,  347 

Bermondsey  i.  290 

Birlingham  i.  333,  347 

Bisham  iii.  130 

Bishopsgate-street  i.  275 

Blackfriars  iii.  498 

Blicklingii.214 

Boughton  Malherb  i.  334,  347 

Bracon  Ash  ii.  132 

Bristol  i.  392 

Burham  iii.  579 

Bury  ii.  129 

Bicester  i.  254 

Cambridge  i.  149 

Canterbury  i.  340,  350 

Catlage  ii.  219,  236 

Caversham,  or  Causham  iii.  567 

Charlecot  i.  320 

Charter-house  i.  31,  91,  92,  253. 
iii.  602 

Chartley  Castle  i.  503,  532 

Chatham  i.  354 

Cheap  Conduit  i.  35,  46,  48 

Chelsea  ii.  389,  446,  527,  530. 
iii.  26,  442,513 

Cheynes  i.  274.  ii.  7 

Chichester  iii.  97 

Childerley  ii.  221 

Chillington  i.  532 


Chippenham  ii.  215 
Chiswick  iii .  578,  579 
Cobham  i.  73,  250,  354 
Colchester  i.  95,  96 
Collyweston  i.  204 
Colnbroke  i.  12 
Compton,  Long  i.  320 
Copt  Hall  i.  253 
Cornhill  Conduit  i.  44 
Coventry  i.  192 
Cowdray  iii.  90 
Croydon  i.  331,  347-  iii.  513 
Dartford  i.  73,  351,  354 
Deptford  ii.  303 
Dering,  Surrenden  i.  335 
Dover  i.  336 
Elmley  i.  543 
Eltham  i.  74 
Elvetham  iii.  101 

Ely  Place  iii.  40,  122 

Enfield  i.    17,   101,   102,   104, 
149,  254 

Englefield  Green  iii.  568 

Eridge  i.  334 

Erlham  ii.  132 

Esseburn    Priory    Pref.    xxviii. 
iii-  91. 

Eston  i.  254 

Eton  i.  142 

Euston  ii.  129 

Exchange,  Royal  i.  273 

Farley  Wallop  iii.  100 

Farnham  i.  252,  257.  iii.  90, 121 

Farringdon  i.  391 

Faversham  i.  352 

Felix  Hall  (Essex)  i.  95 

Fleet-street  Conduit  i.  53 

Folkestone  i.  336,  348 

Fotheringay  i.  410 

Foxhall  iii.  438 

Frocester  i.  392 

Fulham  Palace  iii.  369,  660 

Gidea  Hall  i.  253 

Gorhambury  i.  309.  ii.  55.  iii. 
6GO 

Gosfield  i.  98 

Gossie  Park  ii.  151 


Gracechurch-street  i.  40 
Grafton  i.  254,  486 
Greenwich  i.  1.  69,  73,  86,  142, 

204,  252,  257,  325,  354.  ii. 

285,  287,  404,  455,  460,  530, 

543.  iii.  32, 398, 416, 424, 552 
Guildford  i.  252,  257 
Hackney  iii.  40 
Hadham  Hall  ii.  222 
Hallingbury,  Great  i.  99 
Hallow  Park  i.  541 
Hampden,  Great  iii  660 
Hampton  Court  i.  12,  18,  75, 

263,   274,   322.   ii.    %   392. 

iii.  124  ~ 
Hanworth  iii.  313 
Harefield  iii.  579 
Harlington  iii.  578 
Hartford  Bridge  ii.  133 
Hartlebury  i.  533 
Harwich  i.  97 
Hatfield  i.  3,  12,  18,  254,  2/9. 

ii.7 
Havering  i.  93,  94,  253,  307, 

387-  ii.  6,  285 
Hawsted  ii.  118 
Hemingham  i.  98 
Hempsted  i.  334,  347 
Hengrave  ii.  215,  *249 
Hertford  i.  100,  104 
Heytesbury  i.  408 
Hide  Hall  ii.  222 
Highgate  iii.  30 
Hinchinbrook  i.  189,  197 
Hinlipi.  540 
Horeham  Hall  i.  281 
Horsheath  ii.  221 
Horsley,  West  i.  291 
Hothfieldi.  335,347 
Howard    Place,    London     (see 

Charter-house)  i.  253 
Hunsdon  i.  282,  289.  ii.  103 
Ichington  i.  310 
Ingatestone  i.  94 
Ipswich  i.  96,  97 
Islington  i.  104.  ii.  303 
Kenilworthi.  197,318,418,419 


lii 


PLACES    VISITED    BY    THE    Q.UEEN. 


Kelveston  iii.  250 

Kew  iii.  369 

Killingworth.     See  Kenilworth. 

Kimberley  ii.  214 

Kingston  i.  75,  ii.  291,  S92.  iii. 

569 
Kirtling  ii.  219,  236 
Knolle  i.  333,  347 
Lambeth  i.  86,  324,  384.  ii.  431, 

446, 455, 482,  543.  iii.  27, 32, 

413,  439,  577 
Lavenham  ii.  116 
Lawshall  Hall  ii.  117 
Lees  i.  99,  282 
Leicestershire  i.  189 
Lewisham  iii.  577 
Lichfield  i.  529 
London,  in  Progress   through, 

i.  32,  35,  60 
London  Bridge  i.  33 
Long  Compton  i.  320 
Long  Leat  i.  40S 
Long  Melford  ii.  108,  117 
Loseley  ii.  6,  7,  62.  ii.  412 
Loughton  Hall  i.  94.  ii.  222 
Ludgate  i.  53 
Lynn  ii.  275 
Madingley  ii.  109 
Mark  Hall  i.  282 
Mayfield  i.  333 
Melchborne  ii.  109 
Melford  Hall  ii.  108,  116,  117 
Middleton?  Pref.  six 
Mitcham  iii.  68,  428 
Mortlake  i.  415 
Moulsham  ii.  287 
New  Hall  (Essex)  i.  94 
Newbury  i.  254 
Nonsuch  i.  74.  iii.  68,  428,  440, 

44h  513 
Norbiton  Hall  iii.  489 
Norwich  ii.  133 
Oatlands  i.  86,  252,  257-  ii.  7, 

394,  422.  iii.  30,  313,  598 
Odiham  iii.  100 
Orpington  i.  332,  347 
Osterley  ii.  279 
Osyth,  St.  i.  96 
Oxford  i.  206.  iii.  144 


Pirford  ii.  7 

Plumsted  i.  332 

Portsmouth  i.  261.  iii.  97 

Purgo  i.  93 

Putney  ii.  92 

Quarendon  iii.  125 

Reading  i.  254, 321.  ii.  7.  iii.  568 

Richmond  i.  8,  17,  86, 149,  257, 

543.  iii.  32,  122,  124,442,600 
Rochester  i.  351,  353,  354 
Rookwood  Hall  ii.  222 
Royal  Exchange  i.  273 
Rycot  i.  12,  250,  254,  2/4.  iii. 

130,  160 
Rye  i.  334,  347 
St.  Albap's  i.  254.  ii.  7 
St.  George's  Fields  i.  290 
St.  Giles's  in  the  Fields  Pref.  xii. 
St.  James's  i.  103.  ii.  423,  530. 

iii.  577 
St.  Osyth  i.  96 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral  i.  83,  105. 

ii.  538      - 
Salisbury  i.  410 
Sandgate  Castle  Pref.  xx. 
Sandown  Castle  i.  336,  348 
Sandwich  i.  337 
Sarum,  New  i.  410 
Savoy,  The  i.  91,  92 
Shardloe  iii.  360. 
Shelley  Hall  i.  97 
Shene.     See  Richmond. 
Shooter's  Hill  i.  351 
Sisingherst  i.  334,  347 
Sittingbourne  i.  353 
Smalbridge  i.  97 
Smithfield  i.  25 
Somerset  Place  (house)  i.  17,32, 

33.  iii.  32 
Somersham  ii.  109 
Southampton  i.  258, 259.  iii.  98 
Southwick  iii.  122 
Stafford  Castle  i.  532 
Stamford  i.  205 
Standon  i.  100.  ii.  104 
Stansted  Abbas  ii.  93.  iii.  97 
Stanton  i.  189 
Stockwell  ii,  527 
Stoke  Pogeis  iii.  568 


Stoughton,  Great  ii.  109 

Strand  i.  92 

Sudeley  Castle  i.  391,  543.  iii. 

129,  130 
Surrenden  Dering  i.  335 
Sutton  i.  86.  iii.  121     . 
Temple-bar  i.  55,  57 
Theobalds  i.  149,  291,  417-  ii. 

55,  93, 108,  400.  iii.  74,  241, 

419,  42/ 
Thetford  ii.  275 
Tichfield  i.  258.  iii.  98 
Tilbury  ii.  534 
Tooting  i.  75.  iii.  313 
Tottenham  ii.  93 
Tower  of  London,  i.  7,32, 34,  91 
Tunstall  i.  353 
Twickenham  iii.  190 
Vauxhalliii  438 
Vyne,  The  i.  258,  261.  iii.  566 
Wadley  i.391 
Wandsworth  iii.  579 
Wansted  House  i.  92,  93.  ii.  93, 

94,  222 
Warwick  i.  309,  418 
West  Horsley  i.  291.  ii.  64 
Westenhanger  i.  335,  347 
Westminster  i.   57,    106.  ii.  4, 

455.  iii.  26,  442,  314 
Westminster  Abbey  i.  62,  106 
Weston  by  Cheriton,  Pref.  xvii. 
Whaddon  i.  254 
Whitehall  i.  33,  63,  67,  69,  SO, 

83,  198,  385.  ii.  302.  iii.  28, 

30,  32,  431,  596,  600 
Wilton  i.  408.  iii.  529 
Wimbledon  iii.  413,  439 
Winchester  i.  87 
Windsor  i.  8,  87, 142,  252,  263, 

321.  ii.  6.  iii.  68,  124,  227, 

564,  567 
Windsor,  New  ii.  460 
Wing  i.  12 
Wood  Rising  ii.  214 
Woodstock  i.  8,  205,  553.  iii. 

129. 
Woolwich  i.  73. 
Worcester  i.  536 


liii 


PERSONS  VISITED  BY  THE   QUEEN. 


A. 

Abergavenny,  Henry  Neville  seventh  Lord  i. 
333,  334,  347 

Allington  ,Sir  Giles,  ii.  221 

Arundel,  Henry  Fitz-Alan  Earl  of  i.  74 

Aylmer,  Dr.  John,  Bp.  of  London  iii.  369 

B. 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas  i.  309,  602.  ii.  55 

Sir  Francis  iii-  190 

Baker,  Richard  i.  334,  347 

Bancroft,  Dr.  Richard,  Bp.  of  London  iii.  369 

Barrett,  Edward  ii.  94 

Bashe,  Edward  ii.  93 

Bedford,  Francis  Russell  second  Earl  of  i.  274, 

309.  ii.  7 
Berkeley,  Henry  eleventh  Lord  i.  321,  392 
Borough,  William  fifth  Lord  ii.  446,  482 
—————  Thomas  sixth  Lord  iii.  413 
Browne,  George  ii.  222 
Buckhurst,  Thomas  Lord  i.  335,  347 
Bulkeley,  Sir  Richard  iii.  577 
Burleigh,  Lord.     See  Cecil. 

C. 

Caesar,  Sir  Julius  iii.  63 

Capel,  Sir  Edward  ii.  222 

Carew,  Sir  Francis  iii.  441 

Carey,  Sir  George  (afterwards  Earl  of  Monmouth) 
iii.  124 

Caron,  Sir  Noel  iii.  440 

Cecil,  Sir  William,  (afterwards  first  Lord  Bur- 
leigh) i.  91,  149,  205,  291,  308.  ii.  55,  94, 
108,  400.  iii.  74,  76,  79,  241 

— —-  Sir  Thomas,  second  Lord  Burghley,  after- 
wards Earl  of  Exeter  iii.  413 

Sir  Robert  afterwards  Earl  of  Salisbury  iii. 

596 

Chandos,  Dowager  Lady,  i.  391 

Chandos,  Giles  third  Lord  iii.  129,  130 

Charington,  Sir  Henry  i.  408.     See  Sherington. 

Cheney,  Sir  Henry  iii.  660 

CJerke,  Sir  William  iii.  579 

Clere,  Sir  Edward  ii.  214 

Clinton  and  Saye,  Edward  Fines  ninth  Lord  i.  75 

Cobham,  William  Brooke  first  Lord  i.  73,  336, 
348,354 

Henry  Brooke  6econd  Lord  iii.  499 

Coke,  Sir  Edward  iii.  563 
VOL.  I. 


Compton,  Henry  Lord  i.  321.  ii.  93 
Cooke,  Anthony  i,  253 
Copinger,  Ambrose  iii.  578 
Cordell,  Sir  William  ii.  108,  116, 117 
Cowper,  Thomas,  Bp.  of  Winchester  iii.  121 
Cox,  Richard,  Bp.  of  Ely  i.  189.  ii.  109 

Sir  Richard  ?  i.  254 

Cromer,  Sir  James  i.  353 
Cromwell,  Sir  Henry  i.  189.  ii.  109 
Culpepper,  Mr.  i.  334,  347 
Cutts,  Sir  John  i.  282.  ii.  221 

D. 

De  Beavoir  (or  Beauvoir  la  Nocie),  M.  iii.  122 

Dee,  Dr.  John  i.  414 

Derby,  Alice  Countess  Dowager  of,  iii.  581 

De  Reaux,  M.  iii.  122 

Dering,  Richard  i.  335 

Dovvnes,  Edward  ii.  ]  30 

Drake,  Mr.  iii.  513 

Drury,  Sir  William  ii.  117 

Dyer,  Mr.  Justice  ii.  109 

E. 

Edmonds,  Lady  iii.  513 
Egerton,  Sir  Thomas  iii.  570,  579,  581 
Essex,  Robert  Devereux  second  Earl  of  iii.  371 
Evelyn,  George  iii.  489 


Fisher,  Edward  i.  310 

Fisher,  Thomas,  of  Plumsted  and  Warwick  i.  318, 

332 
Forster,  Sir  Humphrey  iii.  568 
Fox,  Samuel  i.  253 

G. 

Gorges,  Sir  Arthur  iii.  442 
Gresham,  Sir  Thomas  i.  275,  333.  ii.  279 
Grey  of  Wilton,  Arthur  Lord  i.  254.  iii.  660 
Guildford,  Thomas  i.  334,  347 

n, 

Hampden,  Sir  Griffith  iii.  660 
Harris,  Mrs.  ii.  287 
Hart,  Sir  Perceval  i.  332,  347 
Hatton,  Sir  Christopher  iii.  40,  122 
Heath,  Nicholas,  Abp.  of  York  i.  250 
Heneage,  Sir  Thomas  i.  253 
Herbert,  Lord  iii.  498 

h 


liv 


PERSONS    VISITED    BY    THE    &UEEN. 


Hertford,  Edward  Seymour  second  Earl  of  iii.  100 

Higford,  John  iii.  129 

Higham,  Sir  Arthur  ii.  129 

Howard  of  Effingham,  Charles  Lord  (afterwards 

Earl  of  Nottingham)  ii.  389,  446,  527,   530. 

iii.  124,  313,  291,  601 
Howard,  Lord  Thomas  iii.  602 
Hunsdon,  Sir  Henry  Carey  Baron  i.  282,  289 
Huntley,  George  i.  392 
Hynde,  John  ii.  109 


Jocelyn,  Sir  Thomas  ii.  222 

K. 

Kitson,  Sir  Thomas  ii.  129,  215 
Knollys,  Sir  William  iii.  567,  577 

L. 

Lacy,  John  ii.  92 

Leicester,  Robert  Dudley  Earl  of  i.  192,  318, 

418 
Lincoln,  Edward  Earl  of  ii.  64 
J^ucas,  Sir  Thomas  ii.  286 
Luke,  Anthony  ii.  285 
Lumley,  John  Lord  iii.  97 

M. 

Maltravers,  Anne  Lady  ii.  286 
Maynard,  Sir  Henry  iii.  513 
Mildmay,  Sir  Thomas  ii.  287 
Montague,  Lord  ii.  527 
More,  Sir  William  ii.  6,  62,  412 
Morice,  William  ii.  286 

N. 

Norris,  Sir  Edward  iii.  568 

H'wy  Lord  iii.  130 

North,  Edward  first  Lordi.  31 

Roger  second  Lord  ii.  219 

Nottingham,  Charles  Earl  of.   See  Howard  of  Ef- 
fingham 

O. 

Oxford,  Edward  de  Vere  17th  Earl  of  i.  308 


Parker,  Matthew,  Abp.  of  Canterbury  i.  86,  324, 
331,340,  347,  384,385 

Penton, ,  iii.  660 

Pembroke,  William  Herbert  first  Earl  of  i.  67,  408 

Catharine  Countess  of  i.  416 

Mary  Countess  of  iii.  529 

Petre,  Lady  ii.  287 


Pomfret,  Earl  i.  254 


R 


Revett,  Mr.  ii.  215 
Rich,  Lord,  i.  282.  ii.  286 
Russell,  Sir  William  iii.  578 
Lady  iii.  130 


Sackville,  Richard  i.  149 

Sadleir,  Richard,  of  Sopewell  Nunnery  i.  254 

Ralph,  of  Standon  ii.  104 

St.  John,  Oliver  Lord  ii.  109 

Sandys,  Mr.  ii.  7 

Sheldon,  William,  i.  xvii 

Sherington,  Sir  Henry,  i.  xviii 

Sherston,  Mr.  iii.  251 

Southampton,  Henry  Wriothesley  second  Earl  of 

i.258.  iii.  981 
Sonds,  Lord  iii.  567 
Spring,  Sir  William  ii.  116 
Style,  Lady  ii.  130 
Sussex,  Thomas  Ratcliffe  third  Earl  of  i.  290 

T. 

Thynn,  Sir  Thomas  i.  408 
Totehill,  William,  iii.  660 
Tufton,  John  i.  334,  347 
Tuke,  Sir  Brian  ii.  286 

U. 

Umpton,  Sir  Edward  i.  391 

W. 

Wallop,  Sir  Henry  iii.  100 
Walsingham,  Sir  Francis  ii.  440.  iii.  27 
Warder,  Mr.  iii.  567 
Warwick,  Ambrose  Dudley  Earl  of  iii.  27 

Lady  i.  318 

Watts,  Richard  i.  354 

Weston,  Sir  Richard  iii.  121 

Whitgift,  John,  Abp.  of  Canterbury   i.  387.  ii. 

455.  iii.  513 
Williams,  Lord  i.  12 
Winchcombe,  Henry  ?  i.  254 
Winchester,  William  Pawlet  first  Marquis  of  i. 

87,  149,  258,  n. 
William  Pawlet   fourth  Marquis   of 

iii.  566 
Wodehouse,  Sir  Roger  ii.  214 
Wolley,  Sir  John  ii.  7 
Wotton,  Thomas  i.  334,  347 


■,-,'■'.';;•- 1  a  >**■"»* ■■.'.;■.-, 


THE      JP»MCES§      ISJCIZATBHET] 


THE 


PROGRESSES 


AND 


PUBLIC    PROCESSIONS 


OF 


QUEEN    ELIZABETH. 

AMONG   WHICH    ARE    INTERSPERSED 

OTHER  SOLEMNITIES,  PUBLIC  EXPENDITURES,  AND  REMARKABLE  EVENTS, 

DURING  THE  REIGN   OF  THAT  ILLUSTRIOUS  PRINCESS. 

COLLECTED    FROM 

Original  manuscripts,  Scarce  }&ampf)Iets,  Corporation  fiecorDS,  J&arori)ial  ftegigtcrS,  <$c.  $r. 

ILLUSTRATED   WITH    HISTORICAL   NOTES, 

BY    JOHN   NICHOLS,   F.  S.  A.  Lond.  Edinb.  &  Perth. 


A  NEW  EDITION,  IN  THREE  'VOLUMKS. 

VOLUME  I. 


LONDON  :  PRINTED  BY  AND  FOR  JOHN  NICHOLS  AND  SON, 

(PRINTERS  TO  THE  SOCIETY   OF  ANTIQUARIES,) 

25,  PARLIAMENT  STREET. 

1823. 


■ 

i 


..   - 


' 


,.-■ 


r 


LIST     OF    PLATES. 


VOL.  I. 

1.  Portrait  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth      -----»-_      Frontispiece. 

2.  Autographs  of  King  Edward  VI.  Queen  Mary,  Lady  Jane  Grey,  Queen 

Elizabeth,  and  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  ----------  x 

3.  Ticket  for  Gray's  Inn  Masque  1 68 2-3  (on  Letter-press)    -----  xxi 

4.  Woodstock  Palace,  Oxfordshire     ------------  a 

5.  Nonsuch  Palace,  Surrey       -__-----__---.  74 

6.  New  Hall,  or  Beaulieu,  Essex    -------------  94 

7.  Enfield  Palace ---____  101 

8.  Windsor  Castle     -----------------  143 

9.  Gateway  of  the  White  Friars  at  Stamford  (on  Letter-press)   -     -     -     -  201 

10.  Burghley  House,  Northamptonshire  -----------  205 

11.  Gidea,  or  Giddy  Hall,  Essex     -------------  253 

12.  Procession  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Hunsdon  House      ------  282 

13.  Hunsdon  House  (from  Chauncy)  ------------  283 

14-  Lambeth  Palace  Gateway  and  Church       ----------  325 

15.  Croydon  Palace  Gateway      --------------  331 

16*.  Dar.tford  Palace    -------------_-_.  354 

17.  Croydon  Palace,  North  View   ---------u___  ^g^ 

18.  Kenilworth  Castle     -----------..____  422 


VOL.  II. 

1 .  Yeoman  of  the  Guard    -------.-___      Frontispiece. 

2.  Gorhambury,  Herts  ------------_,__  56* 

3.  Standon  House,  Herts  (from  Chauncy)  -------__.  107 

4.  Long  Mellon!  Hall,  Suffolk      -------------  108 

5.  Madingley,  Cambridgeshire     ----_----____  jqo 

6.  Specimens  of  Fans  of  the  Elizabethan  age  (on  Letter-press)      -     -     -  118 

7.  Figure  of  Hercules  at  Hawsted  Place,  Suffolk  --------  121 


lvi  LIST   OF    PLATES. 

8.  Emblems  at  Hawsted,  Plate  I.      -___-----___  124 

9. Plate  II. r -125 

10.  Kirtling  or  Cartlage  Hall,  Cambridgeshire  ---------  220 

11.  Moulsham  Hall,  Essex  -     --------------  287 

12.  Richmond  Palace,  from  the  Ptiver  Thames  ---------  404 

13. Hill  and  Palace,  from  the  antient  Ferry      ------  412 

14.  Crest  of  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester  (on  Letter-press)      -     -     -  618 


VOL.  III. 

1.  Portrait  of  Queen  Elizabeth      ----------     Frontispiece. 

2.  Autograph  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  her  Officers  (on  Letter-press)  -     -       81 

3.  The  Crowned  Pillar  (on  Letter-press)      -     -     -     -     -     -     ---     48,51 

4.  Cowdray  House,  Sussex      ---------.-_-_       81 

5.  Farnham  Palace,  Surrey      --------------       90 

6.  Miscellaneous  Plate: — Fig.  1.  Knife  of  the  Elizabethan  age  (see  Vol.  II. 

p.  423);  —  Figs.  2,  3,  and  4,  Salt-cellar  (see  Vol.  III.  p.  370);  — 
Decanter  ornamented  by  Queen  Elizabeth      --------       08 

7.  Elvetham  Pond     ----- -     -     - ■     -     -     -     101 

8.  Ely  Place,  Holborn ----------122 

g,  10.  Quarendon  Chapel,  Bucks,  exterior  and  interior  Views   -.'-'--     127 

11.  Rycott,  Oxfordshire  -     ---------------  168 

12.  Whitgift's  Hospital  at  Croydon      ------------  519 

13.  Harefield  Place,  Middlesex       -----,     .__----  581 

14-  Oatlands  Palace,  Surrey      --------------  509 

15.  The  Queen's  Funeral      ___---_--------  6*25 


QUEEN    ELIZABETH'S    PROGRESSES. 


JBirth  and  Christening  of  Ladie  Elizabeth. 

THE  7th  of  September,  being  Sunday,  betweene  three  and  foure  of  the 
clocke  at  afternoone,  the  Queene  was  delivered  of  a  faire  Ladie ;  for  whose  good 
deliverance  Te  Deum  was  sung  incontinently,  and  great  preparation  was  made 
for  the  Christning.  The  Maior  and  his  Brethren,  and  fortie  of  the  chiefe  Cittizens, 
were  commanded  to  be  at  the  Christning  the  Wednesdaie  following.  Upon  which 
daie  the  Maior,  Sir  Stephen  Peacocke,  in  a  gowne  of  crimosin  velvet,  with  his 
collar  of  esses,  and  all  the  Aldermen  in  scarlet,  with  collars  and  chaines,  and  all 
the  Councell  of  the  Cittie  with  them,  tooke  their  barge  at  one  of  the  clocke ;  and 
the  Cittizens  had  another  barge,  and  so  rowed  to  Greenwich,  where  were  many 
Lords,  Knights,  and  Gentlemen  assembled :  all  the  walles  betweene  the  King's 
Pallace  and  the  Fryers  were  hanged  with  arras,  and  all  the  way  strewed  with 
greene  rushes.  The  Fryers  church  was  also  hanged  with  rich  arrass :  the  font 
was  of  silver,  and  stoode  in  the  midst  of  the  church  three  steps  high,  which  was 
covered  with  a  fine  cloth ;  and  divers  Gentlemen,  with  aprones  and  towels  about 
their  neckes,  gave  attendance  about  it,  that  no  filth  shoulde  come  to  the  fonte : 
over  it  hung  a  square  canapie  of  crimosin  sattin,  fringed  with  golde  ;  about  it  was  a 
rayle,  covered  with  redde  saie ;  betweene  the  queere  and  body  of  the  church  was 
a  close  place  with  a  pan  of  fire,  to  make  the  Childe  readie  in.  When  all  these 
thinges  were  ordered,  the  Childe  was  brought  to  the  hall,  and  then  every  man  set 
forward:  first,  the  Cittizens  two  and  two;  then  Gentlemen,  Esquires,  and  Chap- 
laines  ;  next  after  them  the  Aldermen,  and  the  Maior  alone;  and  next  the  Kinoes 
Counsell;  then  the  Kinges  Chappel  in  coaps;  then  Barons,  Bishops,  Earles,  the 
Earle  of  Essex  bearing  the  covered  basons  gilt ;  after  him  the  Marques  of  Excester 
with  a  taper  of  virgin  wax;  next  him  the  Marques  Dorset  bearing  the  salt; 
behind  him  the  Lady  Mary  of  Norfolke  bearing  the  crisome,  which  was  very  rich 
of  pearle  and  stone.  The  old  Dutches  of  Norfolke  l  bare  the  Childe  in  a  mantle 
of  purple  velvet,  with  a  long  traine  furred  with  ermine.  The  Duke  of  Norfolke 
with  his  marshal's  rod  went  on  the  right  hand  of  the  saide  Dutchesse;  and  the 
Duke  of  SufTolke  on  the  left  hand  ;  and  before  them  went  Officers  of  Armes  ;  the 
Countesse  of  Kent  bare  the  long  traine  of  the  Childes  mantle  ;  and  meane  betweene 
the  Childe  and  the  Countesse  of  Kent  went  the  Earle  of  Wilshire  and  the  Earle  of 
Darby  on  either  side,  supporting  the  said  traine  in  the  middest :  over  the  Childe 

1  Mary,  widow  of  Thomas  Howard,  Duke  of  Norfolk. 
VOL.  I.  B 


2  CHRISTENING   OF   LADY   ELIZABETH,    1533. 

was  borne  a  rich  canapie,  by  the  Lord  Roehford,  the  Lord  Hussey,  the  Lord  William 
Howard,  and  the  Lord  Thomas  Howard  the  elder.  After  the  Childe,  followed 
many  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen.  When  the  Childe  was  come  to  the  church  doore, 
the  Byshop  of  London  l  met  it,  with  divers  Byshoppes  and  Abbots  mitred,  and 
beganne  the  observances  of  the  Sacrament.  The  God-father  was  Lorde  Thomas 
Archbyshoppe  of  Canterburie 2 ;  the  God-mothers  were  the  olde  Dutchesse  of 
Norfolke,  and  the  olde  Marchionesse  of  Dorset 3,  Widdowes ;  and  the  Childe  was 
named  Elizabeth  :  and  after  that  all  things  were  done  at  the  church  doore,  the 
Child  was  brought  to  the  font,  and  christned ;  and  that  done,  Garter  chiefe  King 
of  Armes  cryed  aloud,  "  God  of  his  infinit  goodnesse  send  prosperous  life  and 
long  to  the  high  and  mightie  Princesse  of  England  Elizabeth  !"  And  then 
the  trumpets  blew ;  then  the  Childe  was  brought  up  to  the  altar,  and  the  Gospell 
said  over  it.  After  that  immediately  the  Archbyshop  of  Canterburie  confirmed  it, 
the  Marchionesse  of  Excester  being  Godmother :  then  the  Byshop  of  Canterbury 
gave  unto  the  Princesse  a  standing  cup  of  golde  ;  the  Dutchesse  of  Norfolke  gave 
to  her  a  standing  cup  of  golde  fretted  with  pearle  ;  the  Marchionesse  of  Dorset 
gave  three  gilt  boles  pounsed,  with  a  cover ;  and  the  Marchionesse  of  Excester 
gave  three  standing  boles  graven,  all  gilt,  with  a  cover.  Then  was  brought  in 
wafers,  confects,  and  ipocrasse,  in  such  plentie,  that  every  man  had  as  much  as  hee 
woulde  desire :  then  they  set  forwarde,  the  trumpets  afore  going  in  the  same  order 
toward  the  Kinges  pallace  as  they  did  when  they  came  thitherwarde ;  saving  that 
the  giftes  that  the  Godfather  and  Godmothers  gave,  were  borne  before  the  Childe  by 
foure  persons ;  that  is  to  say,  first,  Sir  John  Dudley  the  younger,  bare  the  gift  of  the 
Lady  Dorset ;  the  Lord  Fitz  Walter  bare  the  gift  of  the  Ladie  of  Norfolke ;  and  the 
Lord  of  Worcester  bare  the  gift  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  ;  and  all  the  one 
side  as  they  went  was  full  of  staflfe  torches,  to  the  number  of  five  hundred,  borne 
by  the  Gard  and  other  of  the  Kinges  servants;  and  about  the  Child  were  manie 
other  proper  torches  borne  by  Gentlemen.  And  in  this  order  they  brought  the 
Princesse  to  the  Queenes  chamber  doore,  and  then  departed. 

The  Maior  went  to  the  King's  chamber,  and  tarryed  there  a  while  with  his 
Brethren  the  Aldermen  ;  and  at  last,  the  Dukes  of  Norfolke  and  Suffolke  came  out 
from  the  King,  and  reported  to  the  Maior  and  his  Brethren,  that  the  King  thanked 
them  heartily,  and  commanded  them  to  give  them  thankes  in  his  name ;  and 
from  thence  they  were  had  to  the  seller  and  dranke,  and  so  went  to  their  barge. 

'  Dr.  John  Stokesles,  1530—1540.  a  Dr.  Thomas  Cranmer,  1532—1555. 

3  Margaret,  widow  of  Thomas  Grey,  second  Marquis  of  Dorset. 


THE   PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   HATFIELD,    1553- 


The  Princess  Elizabeth  at  Hatfield  House. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  Reign  of  her  Brother  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  the 
Princess  Elizabeth  was  for  some  time  resident  at  Hatfield  House,  Herts,  at  that 
time  a  Royal  Palace,  whence  she  addressed  the  following  Letters : 

"  TO   THE    KINGES   MOST    EXCELLENT   MAJESTIE. 

"  Like  as  a  shipman  in  stormy  wether  plukes  down  the  sailes  tarrijnge  for 
bettar  winde,  so  did  I,  most  noble  Kinge,  in  my  unfortunate  chanche  a  thursday 
pluk  downe  the  hie  sailes  of  my  joy  and  comforte,  and  do  trust  one  day  that  as 
troublesome  waves  have  repulsed  me  backwarde,  so  a  gentil  winde  will  bring  me 
forwarde  to  my  haven.  Two  chief  occasions  moved  me  muche,  and  grived  me 
gretly,  the  one,  for  that  I  douted  your  Majesties  helth,  the  other,  because  for  all 
my  tarrijnge  I  wente  without  that  I  came  for ;  of  the  first  I  am  releved  in  a  parte, 
bothe  that  Iunderstode  of  your  helthe,  and  also  that  your  Majesties  loginge  is  far 
from  my  Lorde  Marques  chamber :  of  my  other  grief  I  am  not  eased ;  but  the 
best  is  that  whatsoever  other  folkes  wil  suspect.  I  intende  not  to  feare  your 
grace's  goodwil,  wiche  as  I  ,knowe  that  I  never  disarved  to  faint,  so  I  trust  still 
stike  by  me.  For  if  your  grace's  advis  that  I  shulde  retourne  (whos  will  is  a 
commandmente)  had  not  bine,  I  wold  not  have  made  the  halfe  of  my  way,  the 
ende  of  my  journey.  And  thus  as  one  desirous  to  here  of  your  Majesties  helthe, 
thogth  unfortunat  to  se  it,  I  shal  pray  God  for  to  preserve  you. 

"  From  Hatfilde,  this  present  Saterday. 

"  Your  Majesties  humble  Sister  to  commandment,  Elizabeth." 

"  to  my  good  freende  sir  anthonie  aucher,  knighte. 

"  At  Hatfelde,  the  Qth  of  December. 
"  Mr.  Aucher ;  My  Cofferer  hath  well  declared  unto  me  your  good  will  and 
readiness  in  your  dispatche  and  delyvery  of  my  plate,  which  I  have  received  of 
hym,  amounting  to  one  thowsand  threescore  and  two  ounces.  This  your 
towardnes  will  I  so  remember,  that  whensoever  occasion  may  serve,  I  woll 
requite  it ;  desiring  youe,  that  when,  for  thexchanginge  of  any  plate,  I  shall 
have  nede  of  your  like  gentlenes,  ye  woll  therin  no  lesse  extend  it  towards  me, 
then  in  this  my  cause  you  have  bene  both  prest  and  forwarde  to  further  it.  And 
thus  faire  you  well.     Your  freinde,  Elizabeth." 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    1553- 


The  Princess  Elizabeth  at  Hatfield  ;  Ashridge  ;  in  the  Tower  ; 
afterwards  at  Richmond,  Windsor,  Woodstock,  Ricot,  Winge, 
•   Colnebroke,  and  again  at  Hatfield,  1553 — 1558  *. 

In  the  year  1553,  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  afterwards  Queen,  having  been  before 
treated  with  much  insolence  and  inhumanity  s,  was  placed  under  the  care  and 
inspection  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope3.  Mary  cherished  that  antipathy  to  the  certain 
Heiress  of  her  Crown  and  her  Successor,  which  all  Princes  who  have  no  Children  to 
succeed  naturally  feel.  But  the  most  powerful  cause  of  Mary's  hatred  of  the 
Princess,  with  whom  she  formerly  lived  in  some  degree  of  friendship  4,  seems  to 
have  arisen  from  Courtney  Earl  of  Devonshire. 

The  person,  address,  and  other  engaging  accomplishments5,  of  this  young 
Nobleman,  had  made  a  manifest  impression  on  the  Queen  6.  Other  circumstances 
also  contributed  to  render  him  an  object  of  her  affection  ;  for  he  was  an  Englishman, 
and  nearly  allied  to  the  Crown ;  and  consequently  could  not  fail  of  proving 
acceptable  to  the  nation.  The  Earl  was  no  stranger  to  these  favourable  dispositions 
of  the  Queen  towards  him7.  Yet  he  seemed  rather  to  attach  himself  to  the 
Princess ;  whose  youth  and  lively  conversation  had  more  prevailing  charms  than 
the  pomp  and  power  of  her  Sister  8.     This  preference  not  only  produced  a  total 

•  From  Warton's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  1780,  pp.  62—112. 

9  "  This  day  my  Ladye  Jane  was  behedede  w^in  the  Tovvre,  and  the  Lorde  Gylforde  her  husbonde 
on  the  Towre  hill ;  and  gret  execuc'on  shalbe  don  this  wyke,  as  well  in  London  as  in  all  other  places 
wher  the  rebells  dwelte.  This  day  my  Lord  of  Deyneshire  was  sent  to  the  Towre,  w*  a  gret  compenye 
of  the  garde:  my  L.  Elisabethe  was  sent  for  in  dayes  ago;  but  as  yet  she  is  not  comen,  whatsoev* 
the  let  is."  Robert  Swift  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  Feb.  12,  1553-4.  Lodge's  Illustrations  of 
British  History,  vol.  I.  p.  190. 

3  Fox,  edit.  1684,  iii.  798.     Speed,  &c. 

4  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  14.  17-  82. — At  Queen  Mary's  coronation,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  rode  in  the 
first  chariot,  with  Lady  Anne  of  Cleves,  after  the  Queen's  litter  in  the  procession  from  the  Tower  to 
Westminster.     Strype,  ib.  36.     See  also  Holinshed,  Chron.  in.  1152.  col.  1. 

5  He  was  polite,  studious,  and  learned  j  an  accurate  master  of  the  languages,  skilled  in  the  mathe- 
matics, painting,  and  music.  He  lived  a  prisoner  in  the  Tower,  from  fourteen  to  twenty-six  years  of 
age ;  when  he  was  set  at  liberty  by  Queen  Mary,  at  her  accession.     Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  339. 

6  Burnet,  History  of  the  Reformation,  ii.  255.  7  Godwin,  p.  339. 
9  Burnet,  Ref.  ii.  273.     Collier,  Eccl.  Hist.  ii.  352.  362. 


THE   PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT   HATFIELD,    1553-  5 

change  in  Mary's  sentiments  with  regard  to  the  Ear],  but  forced  her  openly  to 
declare  war  against  Elizabeth. 

The  antient  quarrel  between  their  Mothers  remained  deeply  rooted  in  the 
malignant  heart  of  the  Queen1:  and  she  took  advantage  from  the  declaration 
made  by  Parliament  in  favour  of  Catherine's  marriage  2,  to  represent  her  Sister's 
birth  as  illegitimate.  Elizabeth's  inclination  to  the  Protestant  Religion  still  further 
N  heightened  Mary's  aversion:  it  offended  her  bigotry,  disappointed  her  expectations, 
and  disconcerted  her  politics.  These  causes  of  dislike,  however,  might  perhaps 
have  been  forgotten  bjr  degrees,  or,  at  least  would  have  ended  in  secret  disgust. 
But,  when  the  Queen  found  that  the  Princess  had  obstructed  her  designs  in  a 
matter  of  the  most  interesting  nature,  female  resentment,  founded  on  female 
jealousy,  and  exasperated  by  pride,  could  no  longer  be  suppressed. 

So  much  more  forcible,  and  of  so  much  more  consequence  in  public  affairs,  are 
private  feelings,  and  the  secret  undiscerned  operations  of  the  heart,  than  the  most 
important  political  reasons.  Monsieur  Noailles,  however,  the  French  Ambassador 
at  the  Court  of  England  during  this  period,  with  the  true  dignity  of  a  mysterious 
Statesman,  seems  unwilling  to  refer  the  Queen's  displeasure  to  so  slight  a  motive : 
and  assigns  a  more  profound  intrigue  as  the  foundation  of  Courtney's  disgrace. 
Domestic  incidents  operate  alike  in  every  station  of  life;  and  often  form  the 
greatest  events  of  history.  Princes  have  their  passions  in  common  with  the  rest 
of  mankind. 

Elizabeth,  being  now  become  the  public  and  avowed  object  of  Mary's  aversion, 
was  openly  treated  with  much  disrespect  and  insult.  She  was  forbidden  to  take 
place,  in  the  Presence-chamber,  of  the  Countess  of  Lenox  and  the  Duchess  of 
Suffolk,  as  if  her  legitimacy  had  been  dubious 3.  This  doctrine  had  been 
insinuated  by  the  Chancellor  Gardiner,  in  a  Speech  before  both  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment4. Among  other  arguments  enforcing  the  necessity  of  Mary's  marriage,  he 
particularly  insisted  on  the  failure  of  the  Royal  Lineage;  artfully  remarking,  that 
none  of  Henry's  descendants  remained,  except  the  Queen  and  the  Princess 
Elizabeth5.  Her  friends  were  neglected  or  affronted.  And  while  her  amiable 
qualifications  every  day  drew  the  attention  of  the  young  Nobility,  and  rendered 

1  Camden,  Eliz.  per  Hearne,  i.  Apparatus,  pag.  19. 

8  Statut.  Mar.  i.  cap.  i.  3  Godwin. 

*  Sess.  sec.  ann.  prim.  Mar. 

s  Avoiding  the  term  Sister.     Amb.  de  Noailles,  apud  Carte,  iii.  310. 


6  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   ASHRIDGE,    1554. 

her  universally  popular,  the  malevolence  of  the  vindictive  Queen  still  encreased. 
The  Princess,  therefore,  thought  it  most  prudent  to  leave  the  Court :  and  before 
the  beginning  of  1554,  retired  to  her  house  at  Ashridge  in  Hertfordshire1. 

In  the  mean  time,  Sir  Thomas  Wyat's  rebellion,  above-mentioned,  broke  out, 
in  opposition  to  the  Queen's  match  with  Philip  of  Spain.     It  was  immediately 
pretended  that  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  together  with  Lord  Courtney,  was  privately 
concerned  in  this  dangerous  conspiracy,  and  that  she  had  held  a  correspondence 
with  the  Traitor  Wyat.      Accordingly  Sir  Edward   Hastings,  afterwards  Lord 
Loughborough,  Sir  Thomas  Cornwallis,  and  Sir  Richard  Southwell,  attended  by 
a  troop  of  horse,  were  ordered  to  bring  her  to  Court2.     They  found  the  Princess 
sick,  and  even  confined  to  her  bed,  at  Ashridge3.    Notwithstanding,  under  pretence 
of  the  strictness  of  their  commission,  they  compelled  her  to  rise :  and,  still  con- 
tinuing very  weak  and  indisposed,  she  proceeded  in  the  Queen's  litter  by  slow 
journeys  to  London4.    At  the  Court,  they  kept  her  confined,  and  without  company, 
for  a  fortnight :  after  which  Bishop  Gardiner,  who  well  knew  her  predominant 
disposition  to  cabal  and  intrigue,  with  nineteen  others  of  the  Council,  attended  to 
examine  her  concerning  the  Rebellion  of  which  she  was  accused.     She  positively 
denied  the  accusation.     However,  they  informed  her,  it  was  the  Queen's  resolution 
she  should  be  committed  to  the  Tower,  till  further  enquiries  could  be  made5.    The 
Princess  immediately  wrote  to  the  Queen,  earnestly  entreating  that  she  might  not 
be  imprisoned  in  the  Tower,  and  concluding  her  letter  thus  :  "As  for  that  Traytor 
Wiat,  he  might  paraventur  write  me  a  letter ;  but,  on  my  faith,  I  never  received 
any  from  him.     And  as  for  the  copie  of  my  letter  sent  to  the  Frenche  King,  I 
pray  God  confound  me  eternally,  if  ever  I  sent  him  word,  message,  token,  or 

1  "  Wherein  our  most  worthie  and  ever  famous  Queen  Elisabeth  lodged  as  in  her  owne,  beinge  then 
a  more  stately  house,  at  the  tyme  of  Wyatt's  attempte  in  Queen  Maryes  dayes."  Norden's  Discrip- 
tion  of  Hartfordshire,  written  1596,  pag.  12.  edit.  1723." 

2  See  Holinshed's  Chronicle,  iii.  1151.  seq.  from  Fox. 

3  Amb.  de  Noailles,  whose  papers  are  cited  by  Carte,  calls  this  a  favorable  illness.  "  Since,"  he  adds, 
it  seems  likely  to  save  Mary  from  the  crime  of  putting  her  Sister  to  death  by  violence."    Carte,  iii.  306. 

4  Her  manner  of  coming  to  London  is  thus  described  in  a  manuscript  chronicle,  often  cited  here- 
after. "  The  same  tyme  and  daye,  between  four  and  fyve  of  the  clocke  at  night,  my  Lady  Elisabeth's 
Grace  came  to  London,  through  Smithfielde,  untoo  Westminster,  with  c  velvet  cotts  after  her  Grace. 
And  her  Grace  rod  in  a  charytt  opyn  on  both  sydes :  and  her  Grace  [had]  ryding  after  her  a  100  in 
cotts  of  fyne  redde  gardy'd  with  velvett ;  and  so  through  Flet-strete  unto  the  Court  through  the 
Quenes  garden,  hir  Grace  being  sycke."     MSS.  Cotton,  Vitell.  F.  5. 

5  Holinshed,  ut  supra. 


THE   PRINCESS   ELIZABETH    IN   THE   TOWER,    1554-  7 

letter,  by  any  menes1."  Her  oaths,  and  her  repeated  protestations  of  innocence, 
were  all  ineffectual.  She  was  conveyed  to  the  Tower,  and  ignominiously  con- 
ducted through  the  Traitors' gate  2. 

At  her  first  commitment,  only  three  men  and  three  women  of  the  Queen's 
servants  were  appointed  for  her  attendants.  But  even  these  were  forbidden  to 
bring  her  meat;  and  she  was  waited  on  for  this  purpose  by  the  Lieutenant's 
servants,  or  even  by  the  common  soldiers.  But  afterwards,  two  Yeomen  of  her 
chamber,  one  of  her  robes,  two  of  her  pantry  and  ewry,  one  of  her  buttery,  one 
of  her  cellar,  another  of  her  larder,  and  two  of  her  kitchen,  were  allowed,  by  per- 
mission of  the  Privy  Council,  to  serve  at  her  table.  No  stranger,  or  visitor,  was 
admitted  into  her  presence.  The  Constable  of  the  Tower,  Sir  John  Gage,  treated 
her  very  severely,  and  watched  her  with  the  utmost  vigilance.  Many  of  the  other 
prisoners,  committed  to  the  same  place  on  account  of  the  rebellion,  were  often 
examined  about  her  concern  in  the  conspiracy :  and  some  of  them  were  put  to 
the  rack,  by  way  of  extorting  an  accusation.  Her  innocence,  however,  was 
unquestionable :  for,  although  Wyat  himself  had  accused  her,  in  hopes  to  have 
saved  his  own  life  by  means  of  so  base  and  scandalous  an  artifice,  yet  he  after- 
wards denied  that  she  had  the  least  knowledge  of  his  designs ;  and  lest  those 
denials  which  he  made  at  his  examinations  might  be  insidiously  suppressed,  and 
his  former  depositions  alledged  against  her  adopted  in  their  stead,  he  continued  to 
make  the  same  declarations  openly  on  the  scaffold  at  the  time  of  his  execution  3. 

There  was  a  pretence,  much  insisted  on  by  Gardiner,  that  Wyat  had  conveyed 
to  her  a  bracelet,  in  which  the  whole  scheme  of  the  plot  was  inclosed.  But 
Wyat  acquitted  her  of  this  and  all  other  suspicions4.  After  a  close  imprisonment 
of  some  days,  by  the  generous  intercession  of  Lord  Chandos,  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower,  it  was  granted  that  she  might  sometimes  walk  in  the  Queen's  lodgings5, 
in  the  presence  of  the  Constable,  the  Lieutenant,  and  three  of  the  Queen's  ladies ; 
yet  on  condition  that  the  windows  should  be  shut.  She  then  was  indulged  with 
walking  in  a  little  garden,  for  the  sake  of  fresh  air:  but  all  the  shutters  which 
looked  towards  the  garden  were  ordered  to  be  kept  close. 

Such  were  their  jealousies,  that  a  little  boy  of  four  years  old,  who  had  been 

*  Camden's  Eliz.  per  Heame,  vol.  i.  editor,  praefat.  p.  78. 
■  May  18.     As  MSS.  Cott.  Vitell.  F.  5. 

1  Holinshed,  ut  supra.  4  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  97. 

s  Concerning  these  apartments  in  the  Tower,  see  the  very  judicious  and  ingenious  Mr.  Walpole's 
Historic  Doubts  concerning  Richard  the  Third. 


8  THE   PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   WOODSTOCK,    1554. 

accustomed  every  day  to  bring  her  flowers,  was  severely  threatened  if  he  came 
any  more;  and  the  child's  father  was  summoned  and  rebuked  by  the  Constable. 
But  Lord  Chandos  being  observed  to  treat  the  Princess  with  too  much  respect,  he 
was  not  any  longer  entrusted  with  the  charge  of  her ;  and  she  was  committed  to 
the  custody  of  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield,  of  Oxburgh  in  Norfolk  *,  a  person  whom 
she  had  never  seen  nor  knew  before.  He  brought  with  him  a  new  guard  of  one 
hundred  soldiers,  cloathed  in  blue ;  which  the  Princess  observing,  asked  with  her 
usual  liveliness,  If  Lady  Janes  scaffold  was  yet  taken  away. 

About  the  end  of  May2  she  was  removed  from  the  Tower,  under  the  command 
of  Sir  Henry  Bedingfield,  and  Lord  Williams  of  Thame,  to  the  Royal  manor  or 
Palace  at  Woodstock 3.  The  first  night  of  her  journey  she  lay  at  Richmond; 
where  being  watched  all  night  by  the  soldiers,  and  all  access  of  her  own  private 
attendants  utterly  prohibited,  she  began  to  be  convinced,  that  orders  had  been 
given  to  put  her  privately  to  death.  The  next  day  she  reached  Windsor,  where 
she  was  lodged  in  the  Dean's  house  near  St.  George's  Collegiate  Chapel.  She  then 
passed  to  lord  Williams's  seat  at  Ricot  in  Oxfordshire,  where  she  lay  ;  and  "  was 
verie  princelie  entertained  both  of  knights  and  ladies."  But  Bedingfield  was 
highly  disgusted  at  this  gallant  entertainment  of  his  Prisoner.  During  their 
journey,  Lord  Williams  and  another  Gentleman  playing  at  chess,  the  Princess 
accidentally  came  in,  and  told  them  she  must  stay  to  see  the  game  played  out, 
but  this  liberty  Bedingfield  would  not  permit4. 

Arriving  at  Woodstock,  she  was  lodged  in  the  Gatehouse  of  the  Palace,  in  an 
apartment  remaining  complete  within  these  fifty  years  with  its  original  arched 
roof  of  Irish  oak,  curiously  carved,  painted  blue  sprinkled  with  gold,  and  to  the 

1  He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  Cjueen's  interests.  -Beside  his  government  of  the  Tower,  he  was 
Knight  Marshal  of  the  Queen's  army,  Captain  of  her  Guards,  Vice-chamberlain  to  the  (Queen,  and  a 
Privy  Counsellor.  She  also  granted  him  a  yearly  pension  of  ^".lOO  for  life,  and  part  of  the  forfeited 
estate  of  Sir  Thomas  Wyat.  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  iii.  481.  He  is  often,  by  mistake,  written 
Beningfield,  Benfield,  &c. 

2  "  Of  Saterdaye,  at  one  of  the  cloke  at  afternone,  my  Lady  Elisabethe  was  delyv'ed  out  of  the 
Towre  by  the  Lord  Tresorer  and  my  Lord  Chamb'leyn,  and  went  to  Richemonde  (on  her  way  to  the 
old  Palace  of  Woodstock,  where  she  remained  in  confinement  till  the  end  of  April  in  the  next  year,) 
by  water  furthewyt  er  she  landyd ;  wher  she  shalbe  attended  upon  by  sundrye  of  garde,  and  some 
officers  of  ev'y  office  in  the  Quene's  howse,  but  how  long  she  shall  co'tinewe  there  I  know  not." 
Robert  Swift  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  May  20,  1554.     Lodge,  vol.  I.  p.  193. 

3  MSS.  Cotton.  Vitell.  F.  5.  "  The  xx  daye  of  May  my  Lady  Elisabeth,  the  Cjuenes  Sister,  came  out 
of  the  Tower,  and  toke  hir  barge  at  the  Tower- wharffe,  and  so  to  Rychmond,  and  from  thens  unto 
Wyndsor,  and  so  to  Wodstoke."  4  Holinshed,  ut  supra. 


«WK»K<  JUMOiXtf!- 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    WOODSTOCK,    1554«  9 

last  retaining  its  name  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  chamber1.  Holinshed  gives  us  three 
lines2  which  she  wrote  with  a  diamond  on  the  glass  of  her  window ;  and  Hentzner, 
in  his  Itinerary  of  15983,  has  recorded  a  Sonnet4,  which  she  had  written  with  a 
pencil  on  her  window-shutter.  In  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  there  is  an 
English  Translation  of  Saint  Paul's  Epistles,  printed  in  the  black  letter,  which 

1  The  old  Royal  Manor,  or  Palace,  at  Woodstock,  was  besieged  in  the  grand  Rebellion,  and  much 
damaged  in  the  siege.  The  furniture  was  afterwards  sold,  and  the  buildings  portioned  out  by  Cromwell, 
or  his  agents,  to  three  persons.  Two  of  them,  about  1652,  pulled  down  their  portions  for  the  sake 
of  the  stone.  The  third  suffered  his  part  to  stand,  which  consisted  of  the  gate-house  in  which  the 
Princess  Elizabeth  was  imprisoned,  and  some  adjoining  ruinous  buildings.  After  the  rebellion,  Lord 
Lovelace  turned  this  gate-house  into  a  dwelling-house,  and  lived  in  it  for  many  years.  As  to  its 
adjoining  ruins,  persons  now  living  remember  standing  a  noble  porch,  and  some  walls  of  the  hall ; 
the  walls  and  magnificent  windows  of  the  chapel ;  several  turrets  at  proper  distances ;  and  could 
trace  out  many  of  the  apartments.  Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  while  Blenheim  Palace  was  building,  had 
taste  enough  to  lay  out  =g.2000  in  keeping  up  the  ruins.  But  afterwards  Lord  Treasurer  Godolphin 
observed  to  Sarah,  Duchess-dowager  of  Marlborough,  that  a  pile  of  ruins  in  the  front  of  so  fine  a 
seat  was  an  unseemly  object,  all  the  old  buildings,  and  amongst  the  rest  the  Princess  Elizabeth's 
gate-house,  were  entirely  demolished  and  erased.  Aubrey,  the  Antiquary,  acquaints  us  that  in  the 
old  hall  there  were  two  rows  of  pillars,  as  in  a  church ;  and  that  the  arches  were  of  the  zigzag 
Norman  shape.  He  has  left  us,  in  his  manuscript,  drawings  of  the  windows  in  the  larger  apartments, 
and  in  the  chapel  and  hall.  Aubrey's  Chronologia  Architectonica,  MSS.  in  Mus.  Ashmol.  Oxon.  fob 
pag.  7.  Of  fair  Rosamond's  Bower,  which  literally  signifies  no  more  than  a  chamber,  and  which  was 
a  kind  of  a  pleasure-house  on  the  south-west  side  of  the  old  Palace,  some  ruinous  remains  are  still 
remembered :  particularly,  an  apartment,  over  Rosamond's  well.  This  well,  which  is  a  large,  clear, 
and  beautiful  spring,  paved  and  fenced  about  the  inside  with  stone,  was  undoubtedly  a  bath,  fountain, 
or  reservoir,  for  the  convenience  of  the  Bower,  or  perhaps  of  the  Palace.  The  author  of  the  History 
of  Allchester,  written  1622,  tells  us,  that  "  the  ruins  of  Rosamond's  Bower  are  still  to  be  seen  against 
the  court-gate."  Apud  Kennett's  Paroch.  Antiq.  p.  694.  Hen.  VII.  built  much  here  :  particularly 
the  front  and  principal  gate  of  the  Palace.  On  this  gate  was  his  name,  and  an  English  rhyme, 
importing  that  he  was  the  founder.  Wake's  Rex  Platonicus,  edit.  Oxon.  1607,  pag.  6.  4to.  It  was  a 
favourite  seat  of  our  Kings,  who  all  resided  here  from  Henry  I.  to  Charles  I.  jQueen  Elizabeth  in 
particular,  notwithstanding  her  imprisonment  here,  perhaps  on  that  account,  was  remarkably  fond  of 
living  at  this  Palace  :  and  she  became  a  considerable  benefactress  to  the  town  of  Woodstock.  A  small 
etching  of  a  prospect  of  the  Princess  Elizabeth's  chamber  and  its  adjoining  ruins,  done,  a  few  years 
before  they  were  destroyed,  in  1714,  was  published  by  J.  Whood. 

9  Much  suspected  by  me, 
Nothing  proved  can  be, 

Quoth  Elizabeth  prisoner. 

s  Edit.  Noriberg.  1629,  pag.  215. 

4  O  Fortuna !  tuum  semper  variabile  numen 
Implcvit  curis  animum  mordacibus  segrum. 
VOL.  I.  C 


10  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   WOODSTOCK,    1554. 

the  Princess  used  while  she  was  here  imprisoned ;  in  a  blank  leaf  of  which,  the 
following  paragraph,  written  with  her  own  hand,  and  in  the  pedantry  of  the 
times,  yet  remains  :  "  I  walke  many  times  into  the  pleasant  fieldes  of  the  Holye 
Scriptures ;  where  I  plucke  up  the  goodlisome  herbs  of  sentences  by  pruning, 
eate  them  by  reading,  chawe  them  by  musing,  and  laie  them  up  at  length  in 
the  high  seate  of  memorie,  by  gathering  them  together.  That  so  having  tasted 
the  sweetnes,  I  maye  the  lesse  perceave  the  bitternesse  of  this  miserable  life1."  . 

The  covers  are  of  black  silk ;  on  which  she  had  amused  herself  with  curiously 
working,  or  embossing,  the  following  inscriptions  and  devices  in  gold  twist.  On 
one  side,  on  the  border,  or  edge,  ocelum  patria.  scopus  vttje  xpvs.  christo 
vive.  In  the  middle  a  heart ;  and  about  it,  eleva  cor  sursum  ibi  ubi  e.  c. 
[i.  e.  est  Christus.~]     On  the  other  side,  on  the  border,  beatus  aui  divitias 

Career  hie  est  testis,  qui  gaudia  cuncta  removit, 
Ssepe  terris  miseros  tentasti  solvere  vine'lis ; 
Et  servare  tibi  innocuos,  justissima  cura  ! 
Sed  tamen  inde  tuo  fallaci  fidere  vento 
Nulli  consultum  puto — nam  mutaris  in  horas  ; 
Tandem  Jovi  Pater,  qui  ferventissimus  aequi 
Et  scelerum  vindex,  et  Justus,  tela  retunde 
In  me  missa ;  meis  lance  repende 
iEqua — Fac  videam  contrariis  votis. 
A.  D.  M.D.LV. 

O  Fortune  !  how  thy  restless  wavering  state 
Hath  fraught  with  cares  my  troubled  wit ! 
Witness  this  present  prison  whither  fate 

Hath  borne  me,  and  the  joys  I  quit. 
Thou  causedst  the  guilty  to  be  loosed 
From  bands,  wherewith  are  innocents  inclosed ; 
Causing  the  guiltless  to  be  strait  reserved, 
And  freeing  those  that  Death  had  well  deserved: 
But  by  her  Envy  can  be  nothing  wrought, 
So  God  send  to  my  foes  all  they  have  thought. 

Elizabeth,  Prisoner. 
1  Inter  MSS.  242.  12mo.  In  the  same  Library  is  a  translation  by  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  into  Latin, 
of  an  Italian  sermon  of  Occhini. — Calligraphy  was  a  requisite  accomplishment  of  those  times,  and  it 
is  accordingly  written,  on  vellum,  with  uncommon  elegance,  in  her  own  hand.  It  is  dedicated  in 
Latin  to  her  Brother,  King  Edward,  to  whom  she  sends  it  as  a  new-year's  gift.  The  dedication  is  dated 
Enfield,  December  30.  Bibl.  Bodl.  Arch.  D.  115.  8vo.  Another  volume  in  the  Bodleian  Library 
(Arch.  B.  82.)  contains  "  Sentences  and  Phrases  collected  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  13th  and  14th 
years  of  her  age."     See  the  Preface  to  the  present  Volume. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    WOODSTOCK,    1554.  11 

scripture  legens  verba  VERTiT  in  opera.  In  the  middle  a  star,  and  about 
it,  vicit  omnia  pertinax  virtus  e.  c.  [i.  e.  Elisabethce  Captivce;  or, 
Elisabetha  Captiva.~] 

One  is  pleased  to  hear  these  circumstances,  trifling  and  unimportant  as  they  are, 
which  shew  us  how  this  great  and  unfortunate  Lady,  who  became, afterwards  the 
Heroine  of  the  British  Throne,  the  favourite  of  her  people,«and  the  terror  of  the 
world,  contrived  to  relieve  the  tedious  hours  of  her  pensive  and  solitary  confine- 
ment. She  had,  however,  little  opportunity  for  meditation  or  amusement.  She 
was  closely  guarded ;  yet  sometimes  suffered  to  walk  into  the  gardens  of  the  Palace. 
"  In  this  situation,"  says  Holinshed,  "no  marvell,  if  she  hearing  upon  a  time  out  of 
hir  garden  at  Woodstocke  a  certain  milkmaide  singing  pleasantlie,  wished  herself 
to  be  a  milkmaide,  as  she  was;  saying,  that  her  case  was  better,  and  life  merrier1." 

After  being  confined  here  for  many  months,  she  procured  a  permission  to  write 
to  the  Queen  ;  but  her  importunate  keeper  Bedingfield  intruded,  and  overlooked 
what  she  wrote2.  At  length,  King  Philip  interposed,  and  begged  that  she  might 
be  removed  to  the  Court3.  But  this  sudden  kindness  of  Philip,  who  thought 
Elizabeth  a  much  less  obnoxious  character  than  his  father  Charles  the  Fifth  had 
conceived  her  to  have  been,  did  not  arise  from  any  regular  principle  of  real 
generosity,  but  partly  from  an  affectation  of  popularity4,  and  partly  from  a  refined 
sentiment  of  policy,  which  made  him  foresee  that,  if  Elizabeth  was  put  to  death, 
the  next  lawful  Heir  would  be  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  already  betrothed  to  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  whose  succession  would  for  ever  join  the  sceptres  of  England 
and  France,  and  consequently  crush  the  growing  interests  of  Spain  5. 

1  This  circumstance  has  given  occasion  to  an  elegant  ballad  by  Shenstone. 

2  Holinshed,  ut  supra.  , 

3  When  she  came  to  the  Crown,  says  Holinshed,  she  discharged  Bedingfield  from  the  Court,  telling 
him,  that  whenever  she  should  happen  to  have  a  State  Prisoner  who  required  to  be  "  hardlie  handled 
and  strictlie  kept,"  she  would  send  for  him.  Holinshed,  p.  117.  col.  2.  But  there  is  some  reason 
to  suspect,  that  Fox,  from  whom  Holinshed  transcribes,  has  aggravated,  in  his  account,  Sir  Henry's 
usage  of  the  Princess.  After  she  was  Queen,  he  was  very  often  at  Court ;  and  her  Majesty  visited  him 
in  a  Progress,  1578.  And  though  she  frequently  called  him  her  Jay  lor,  yet  this  seems  rather  to  have 
been  a  term  of  Royal  familiarity  than  of  contempt.  Though  I  doubt  not  that  he  treated  the  Princess 
with  no  great  compassion  or  delicacy  ;  a  circumstance  which  reflects  honour  on  her  forgiveness.  See 
Blomefield's  Norfolk,  iii.  481. 

4  He  affected  to  treat  the  Princess  with  much  respect.  In  an  examination,  cited  by  Holinshed,  it 
appears  that,  accidentally  passing  her  in  a  chamber  of  the  Palace,  he  paid  her  such  obeisance  as  to 
fall  with  one  knee  to  the  ground,  notwithstanding  his  usual  state  and  solemnity.   Chron.  iii.  1 160.  col.  1. 

5  Camden,  Eliz.  per  Hearne,  vol.  i.  Apparatus,  p.  21,     However,  it  is  said,  that,  out  of  gratitude 


12  THE   PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT   HAMPTON    COURT,    &C.    1554. 

In  her  first  day's  journey,  from  the  manor  of  Woodstock  to  Lord  Williams's  at 
Ricot,  a  violent  storm  of  wind  happened  ;  insomuch  that  her  hood  and  the  attire 
of  her  head  were  twice  or  thrice  blown  off.  On  this,  she  begged  to  retire  to  a 
gentleman's  house  then  at  hand:  but  Bedingfield's  absurd  and  superabundant 
circumspection  refused  even  this  insignificant  request ;  and  constrained  her  with 
much  indecorum  to  re*place  her  head-dress  under  a  hedge  near  the  road.  The 
next  night  they  came  to  Mr.  Dormer's,  at  Winge,  in  Buckinghamshire ;  and 
from  thence  to  an  inn  at  Colnebroke,  where  she  lay.  At  length  she-arrived  at 
Hampton-court,  where  the  Court  then  resided,  but  was  still  kept  in  the  condition 
of  a  prisoner.  Here  Bishop  Gardiner,  with  others  of  the  Council,  frequently 
persuaded  her  to  make  a  confession,  and  submit  to  the  Queen's  mercy.  Dissimu- 
lation appears  to  have  been  a  conspicuous  feature  in  Elizabeth's  character.  One 
night,  when  it  was  late,  the  Princess  was  unexpectedly  summoned,  and  conducted 
by  torch-light  to  the  Queen's  bed-chamber;  where  she  kneeled  down  before  the 
Queen,  declaring  herself  to  be  a  most  faithful  and  true  subject.  She  even  went 
so  far,  as  to  request  the  Queen  to  send  her  some  Catholic  treatises,  which  might 
confirm  her  faith,  and  inculcate  doctrines  different  from  those  which  she  had 
been  taught  in  the  writings  of  the  Reformers.  The  Queen  seemed  still  to  suspect 
her  sincerity ;  but  they  parted  on  good  terms.  During  this  critical  interview, 
Philip  had  concealed  himself  behind  the  tapestry,  that  he  might  have  seasonably 
interposed,  to  prevent  the  violence  of  the  Queen's  passionate  temper  from  proceeding 
to  any  extremities1. 

One  week  afterwards  she  was  released  from  the  formidable  parade  of  guards 
and  keepers2.  A  happy  change  of  circumstances  ensued ;  and  she  was  permitted 
to  retire  with  Sir  Thomas  Pope3  to  Hatfield-house  in  Hertfordshire,  then  a  Royal 
Palace4.    At  parting,  the  Queen  began  to  show  some  symptoms  of  reconciliation  : 

for  her  preservation,  she  constantly  kept  Philip's  picture  by  her  bed-side,  even  to  her  death,  notwith- 
standing his  perfidy  after  she  became  Queen.     Ballard's  Memoirs  of  Learned  Ladies,  p.  217. 
1  Holinshed,  ut  supra.  2  Burnet,  Fox,  Speed,  &c. 

3  Maister  Gage,  who  is  called  the  Queen's  Gentleman-usher,  or  Master  of  the  Ceremonies,  is  said  by 
Fox  and  others  to  have  been  joined  with  Sir  Thomas  Pope  in  this  appointment.  But  he  seems  to 
have  only  acted  as  an  assistant  or  inferior.  Probably  this  was  Sir  Edward  Gage,  to  whom  the  Queen 
granted,  in  1556,  thirty  retainers,  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  480.  Sir  John  Gage  was  Constable  of  the 
Tower ;  and  died  in  1556.  Anstis,  Regist.  Gart.  i.  423.  Notes.  He  [Sir  John]  was  also  Chancellor 
of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  Chamberlain  of  the  Household,  and  a  Privy  Counsellor.     Anstis,  ibid. 

4  The  present  noble  structure  was  erected  by  Robert,  first  Earl  of  Salisbury,  about  1610.  James 
the  First  exchanged  Hatfield,  with  Lord  Salisbury,  for  Theobalds.     It  originally  belonged  to  the 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    1555-  13 

he  recommended  to  her  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  as  a  person  with  whom  the  Princess 
was  well  acquainted,  and  whose  humanity,  prudence,  and  other  valuable  qualifica- 
tions, were  all  calculated  to  render  her  new  situation  perfectly  agreeable  l;  and  at 
the  same  time  she  presented  her  with  a  ring  worth  seven  hundred  crowns  2. 

But,  before  I  proceed  further  in  this  part  of  my  narrative,  I  stop  to  mention 
a  circumstance  unnoticed  by  our  Historians  :  which  is,  that  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  in 
conjunction  with  others,  had  some  concern  about  the  person  of  the  Princess 
Elizabeth, -even  when  she  first  retired  from  the  Court,  in  disgrace,  to  her  house  at 
Ashridge ;  and  before  her  troubles  commenced,  occasioned  by  Wyat's  rebellion ; 
all  which  I  have  already  related  at  large.  When  that  rebellion  broke  out,  Mary 
wrote  to  the  Princess  then  sick  at  Ashridge,  artfully  requesting  her  immediate 
attendance  at  the  Court.  Elizabeth's  Governors  at  this  time,  whose  names  are  no 
where  particularly  mentioned,  waiting  every  day  for  her  recovery,  very  com- 
passionately declared  it  unsafe  yet  to  remove  her.  And  the  Princess  herself,  in 
the  mean  time,  signified  by  letter  her  indisposition  to  the  Queen;  begging  that 
her  journey  to  the  Court  might  be  deferred  for  a  few  days,  and  protesting  her 
abhorrence  of  Wyat's  seditious  practices.  Her  Governors  likewise,  on  their  parts, 
that  this  tenderness  towards  their  mistress  might  not  be  interpreted  in  a  bad  sense, 
dispatched  a  letter  to  Bishop  Gardiner,  Lord  Chancellor  ;  acquainting  her  with  her 
condition,  and  avowing  their  readiness  to  receive  the  Queen's  commands.  An 
original  draught  or  copy  of  this  letter  in  Sir  Thomas  Pope's  own  hand,  with 
several  corrections  and  interlineations  by  the  same,  is  now  preserved  in  the  British 
Museum  3  :  from  which  circumstance  it  is  manifest  that  he  was  at  this  time  one  of 

Bishops  of  Ely,  and  was  built  by  Bishop  Morton  about  14S0.  The  chapel  was  consecrated  in  1615. 
See  Le  Neve,  Prot.  Bish.  vol.  1,  2.  page  144.  Peacham  tells  us,  that  this  chapel  was  adorned  with 
paintings,  by  Butler,  and  other  eminent  artists.  Gentleman's  Exercise,  Lib.  i.  c.  S.  «  Robert  Earl 
of  Salisbury,  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England,  who  as  he  favoreth  all  learning  and  excellencies,  so  he 
is  a  principal  patron  of  this*  art;  having  lately  imployed  Mr.  Butler,  and  many  other  excellent 
artists,  for  the  beautifying  of  his  houses,  especially  his  chapell  at  Hatfield."  P.  310.  edit.  1661. 
*  See  Thomas  Heywood's  England's  Elizabeth.     Lond.  12mo,  1631.  p.  202. 

2  Carte,  iii.  326. 

3  Brit.  Mus.  Bibl.  Cotton.  MSS.  Titus.  B.  ii.  fol.  159.  After  it,  follows  the  letter  of  the  privy 
council  to  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  cited  below.  The  paper  which  contains  both  is  indorsed,  "  Minute  of 
the  Lady  Elizabeth's  Officers  to  the  Queen's  Counsail."    The  letter  here  mentioned  in  the  text  begins  thus : 

"  It  may  please  your  good  Lordship.  That  albeit  we  attende  on  my  Ladie  Elizabethes  Grace  our  mistres, 
in  hope  of  her  amendment  to  repair  towardes  the  Queenes  Highnes,  whereof  we  have  as  yet  none 
apparaunt  likelyhod  of  helthej  yet  consideringe  this  daungerouse  worlde,  the  perillous  attemptcs 


14  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT   HATFIELD,    1555- 

these  governors  or  attendants ;  but  in  what  department  or  capacity,  I  know  not. 
However,  it  is  evident,  that  he  was  removed  from  this  charge,  when  the  Princess, 
notwithstanding  her  infirm  state  of  health,  was  hurried  up  to  the  Court  by 
Southwell,  Cornwallis,  and  Hastings :  nor  do  we  that  find  from  that  time  he  had  the 
least  concern  with  her  during  her  imprisonment  in  the  Tower  and  at  Woodstock 
and  the  rest  of  those  undeserved  persecutions,  which  preceded  her  enlargement 
and  final  removal  to  Hatfield1. 


and  the  naughty  endevours  of  the  Rebelles,  which  we  dayly  here  of  against  the  Cjueenes  Highnes  our 
Sovereigne  Ladie,  we  do  not  foigeate  our  most  bounden  dewty,  nor  yet  our  readynes  in  worde  and 
dede  to  serve  her  Highnes  by  all  the  wayes  and  meanes  that  may  stande  in  us,  both  from  her  Grace 
our  Mistres,  and  of  our  owne  partes  also.  Which  thing  although  my  Laidie's  Grace  our  said  Mistres 
hath  tofore  this  signified  unto  the  "Queenes  Highnes,  of  her  behalffe,  by  message ;  it  might  never- 
theles  seame  to  your  good  Lordship,  and  the  Lordes  of  the  Councel,  some  negligence,  that  we  did 
not  make  you  also  privy  hereunto.  Whe  have  therefore  thought  it  our  duties  to  declare  this  unto 
your  Lordship,"  &c.  The  whole  is  printed  in  Strype's  Mem.  Eccl.  iii.  83.  From  MSS.  Petyt,  now  in 
the  Inner-Temple  Library.  Strype  says  only,  that  it  was  written  by  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  Governors;  or, 
"  by  those  that  had  the  care  and  government  of  her."  Among  the  Princess  Elizabeth's  domestics, 
or  attendants,  was  John  Astley,  one  of  Roger  Ascham's  literary  friends,  and  to  whom  many  of  his 
Latin  letters  are  written.  Prefixed  to  Ascham's  very  sensible  English  political  tract  on  the  Affaires 
of  Germanie,  and  addressed  from  Astley,  is  an  English  letter,  dated  1553,  from  Astley  to  Ascham,  in 
which  the  latter  speaks  feelingly  of  their  frequent  agreeable  conversations  on  learned  subjects  at 
Hatfield-house.  Ascham  was  Preceptor  to  the  Princess.  Sir  Thomas  Pope  in  a  fragment  of  a  letter 
to  the  President  of  Trinity  College,  Oxford,  and  dated  Hatfield,  says,  that  he  had  procured  an  office  in 
the  Tower  of  London  for  Maister  Asteley.  Probably  this  is  the  same  person.  Ascham  in  some  of 
his  Epistles  complains,  that  he  was  unjustly  driven  from  his  tuition  of  Elizabeth,  in  consequence  of 
a  party  formed  against  him  in  the  family  of  the  Princess.  My  principal  reason  for  mentioning  these 
particulars  is  to  shew,  that  Sir  Thomas  Pope  could  not  have  been  one  of  Ascham's  enemies  on  this 
occasion ;  for,  had  that  been  the  case,  it  is  not  very  probable  that  he  should  promote  Ascham's  friend. 
He  was  husband  of  Catharine  Asteley,  the  Governess  of  the  Princess.  Ascham  mentions  this  Catharine 
Asteley  in  very  respectable  terms,  in  a  letter  to  the  Princess,  on  the  death  of  her  tutor  Grindalh 
"  Hunc  dolorem,  magis  apud  te  renovando  augere,  quam  consolando  lenire  vererer,  nisi  perspecta 
"  esset  mihi  prudentia  tua,  sic  consiliis  prudentissimse  Feminae  dominae  Catharinae  Astlas  munitia,  &c." 
Epist.  lib.  ii.  p.  95.  a.  edit.  1581.  See  also  ibid.  p.  89.  b.  This  Astely  was  made  Master  of  the 
Jewel-house  at  Queen  Elizabeth's  accession,  with  a  salary  of  fifty  pounds,  December  23.  Lit.  Pat. 
1  Eliz.  He  wrote  a  treatise  on  Horsemanship,  printed  without  his  name,  in  1586,  4to.  By  the  way, 
it  appears  from  what  has  been  said,  that  the  Princess,  before  her  final  settlement  at  Hatfield  under 
Sir  Thomas  Pope's  cate,  was  occasionally  shifted  about  to  various  Royal  Seats,  of  which  Hatfield 
was  one. 

Where  she  had  resided  during  the  Reign  of  her  Brother.    See  page  3. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    155^-  15 

To  this  Lady  Sir  Thomas  Pope  behaved  with  the  utmost  tenderness  and  respect ; 
residing  with  her  at  Hatfield,  rather  as  an  indulgent  and  affectionate  Guardian, 
than  as  an  officious  or  rigorous  Governor.  Although  strict  orders  were  given 
that  the  Mass  alone  should  be  used  in  the  family,  yet  he  connived  at  many 
Protestant  servants,  whom  she  retained  about  her  person1.  Yet  Sir  John 
Harrington  says,  that  his  father,  a  Protestant,  was  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  for 
twelve  months,  and  fined  one  thousand  pounds,  for  carrying  a  letter  to  the 
Princess,  and  expressing  his  good  wishes  for  her  prosperity ;  and  that,  as  if  the 
heresy  of  a  Maid  of  Honour  could  do  any  great  harm,  his  mother,  who  was  one 
of  her  favourite  attendants,  was  removed  from  that  situation,  as  a  professed  heretic, 
by  command  of  Bishop  Gardiner2. 

Nor  was  Sir  Thomas  Pope  wanting,  on  proper  occasions,  in  studiously  shewing 
her  such  marks  of  regard  and  deference  as  her  station  and  quality  demanded. 
This  appears  from  the  following  anecdote,  which  also  marks  his  character: 

Two  of  the  Fellows  of  Trinity  College  in  Oxford,  just  founded  by  him,  had 
violated  one  of  its  strictest  statutes,  and  were  accordingly  expelled  by  the  Presi- 
dent and  Society.  Upon  this  they  repaired  to  their  Founder,  then  at  Hatfield 
with  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  humbly  petitioning  a  re-admittance  into  his  College. 
Sir  Thomas  Pope  probably  was  not  a  little  perplexed  on  this  occasion ;  for  although 
disposed  to  forgiveness,  yet  he  was  unwilling  to  be  the  first  who  should  openly 
countenance  or  pardon  an  infringement  of  the  laws  which  himself  had  made. 
But  perceiving  a  happy  opportunity  of  adjusting  the  difficulty,  by  paying  at  the 
same  time  a  handsome  compliment  to  the  Princess,  with  much  address  he  referred 
the  matter  to  her  gracious  arbitration ;  and  she  was  pleased  to  order,  that  they 
should  immediately  be  restored  to  their  Fellowships. 

In  consequence  of  this  determination,  he  wrote  the  following  letter  to  the 
President  of  the  College  : 

"  Maister  President;  With  my  hertie  commendations,  albeit  Sympson  and 
Rudde3  have  committed  such  an  offence,  as  whereby  they,  have  justle  deserved, 
not  onlie  for  ever  to  be  expulsed  out  of  my  Collegge,  but  also  to  be  ponished 
besides  in  such  sort  as  others  myght  fere  to  attempt  the  like:  neverthelesse,  at 

■  Brief  View  of  the  State  of  the  Church  of  England,  &c.  Written  in  the  year  160S.  Lond.  1653, 
12mo,  p.  45.  He  adds,  that,  when  his  mother  was  dismissed,  her  own  father  durst  not  take  her 
into  his  house.  P.  46. 

''Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  216.     See  Warton's  Appendix,  No.  XV.  3  The  two  delinquents. 


16  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    155#. 

the  desier,  or  rather  commandement,  of  my  Ladie  Elizabeth  her  Grace ;  and 
at  my  wiffes  request,  who  hath  both  sent  and  written  to  me  very  earnestlie; 
and  in  hope  this  will  be  a  warnyng  for  theym  to  lyve  in  order  hereafter:  I  am 
content  to  remytt  this  fault,  and  to  dispence  with  theym  towching  the  same. 
So  always,  that  they  openly  in  the  Hall,  before  all  the  Felowes  and  Scolers 
of  the  Collegge,  confesse  their  faults ;  and  besides  paye  such  fyne,  as  you  with 
others  of  the  Collegge  shall  think  meate.  Which  being  don,  I  will  the  some 
be  recorded  yn  some  boke ;  wherein  I  will  have  mencion  made,  that  for  this 
faulte  they  were  clene  expelled  the  Collegge ;  and  at  my  Ladye  Elizabeth  her 
Graces  desier,  and  at  my  wiffes  request,  they  were  receyved  into  the  house  again. 
Signifying,  that  if  eny  shall  hereafter  commit  the  lyke  offence,  I  am  fully 
resolved  ther  sholl  no  creature  living,  the  Queues  Maiestie  except  who  maye 
commaunde  me,  cause  me  to  dispence  withall.  Assuring  yow,  I  never  dyd  eny 
thing  more  agaynst  my  hert,  than  to  remytt  this  matter :  the  ponishment  whereoff 
to  the  extremyte,  I  beleve,  wold  have  don  more  good,  then  in  this  forme  to  be 
endyd  ;  as  knoweth  the  Holye  Gost,  who  kepe  you  in  helth. 

"  Written  at  Hatfelde,  the  xxiith  of  August,  anno  15 56\ 

"  Your  own  assuredly,  Tho.  Pope. 

"  P.  S.  Sir,  I  requyre  you  above  all  thinges,  have  a  speciall  regard  there  be 
peace  and  concorde  in  my  Collegge1." 

Nor  did  Sir  Thomas  Pope  think  it  inconsistent  with  his  trust,  to  gratify  the 
Princess  on  some  occasions  with  the  fashionable  amusements  of  the  times;  even 
at  his  own  expence,  and  at  the  hazard  of  offending  the  Queen.  This  we  learn 
from  a  passage  in  a  curious  manuscript  chronicle2.  "  In  Shrovetide,  1556,  Sir 
Thomas  Pope  made  for  the  Ladie  Elizabeth,  all  at  his  owne  costes,  a  greate  and 
rich  maskinge  in  the  greate  halle  at  Hatfelde ;  wher  the  pageaunts  were  marvel- 
lously furnished.  There  were  there  twelve  Minstrels  antickly  disguised ;  with 
forty-six  or  more  Gentlemen  and  Ladies,  many  of  them  Knights  or  Nobles,  and 
Ladies  of  Honor,  apparelled  in  crimsin  sattin,  embrothered  uppon  with  wrethes  of 
golde  and  garnished  with  bordures  of  hanging  perle.  And  the  devise  of  a  castell 
of  clothe  of  gold,  sett  with  pomegranates  about  the  battlements,  with  shields  of 

1  Ex  autographo  in  Thesaur.Coll.  Trin.Oxon.  Superscribed,  "To  his  loving  friend,  Mr.  Slythurst, 
"  President  of  Trynitie  Collegge  in  Oxford."     And  in  Registr.  prim,  ejusdem  Collegii,  fol.  xvi.  b. 
»  MSS.  Cotton,  fol.  Vitellius,  F.  5.  Brit.  Mus.    MSS.  Strype. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    SHENE    AND    ENFIELD,    1557-  17 

Knights  hanging  therefrom,  and  six  Knights  in  rich  harneis  turneyed.  At  night 
the  cuppboard  in  the  halle  was  of  twelve  stages  mainlie  furnished  with  garnish 
of  gold  and  silver  vessul,  and  a  banket  of  seventie  dishes,  and  after  a  voidee  of 
spices  and  suttleties  with  thirty  spyse  plates,  all  at  the  chardgis  of  Sir  Thomas 
Pope.  And  the  next  day  the  Play  of  Holophernes.  But  the  Queen  percase 
mysliked  these  folliries,  as  by  her  letters  to  Sir  Thomas  Pope  hit  did  appear,  and 
so  their  disguisinges  were  ceased." 

The  Princess  was  notwithstanding  sometimes  suffered  to  make  excursions, 
partly  for  pleasure,  and  partly  for  paying  her  compliments  at  Court:  and  on  these 
occasions  she  was  attended  in  a  manner  suitable  to  her  rank.  Strype  tells  us, 
from  the  same  manuscript  journal  of  memorable  occurrences,  written  about  those 
times1,  that  on  February  the  25th,  1557,  "  The  Lady  Elizabeth  came  riding  from 
her  house  at  Hatfield  to  London,  attended  with  a  great  companie  of  Lords,  and 
Nobles,  and  Gentlemen,  unto  her  Place,  called  Somerset-place  beyond  Strond- 
bridge,  to  do  her  duty  to  the  Queen.  And  on  the  twenty-eighth  she  repaired 
unto  her  Grace  at  Whitehall  with  many  Lords  and  Ladies."  And  again,  in  March, 
the  same  year :  "  Aforenoon  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  Grace  took  her  horse,  and  rode 
to  her  Palace  of  Shene;  with  many  Lords,  Knights,  Ladies,  and  Gentlemen,  and  a 
goodlie  company  of  horse2."  In  April  the  same  year,  she  was  escorted  from 
Hatfield  to  Enfield-chase,  by  a  retinue  of  twelve  Ladies,  clothed  in  white  sattin 
on  ambling  palfries,  and  twenty  yeomen  in  green,  all  on  horseback,  that  her 
Grace  might  hunt  the  hart.  At  entering  the  chase,  or  forest,  she  was  met  by 
fifty  archers  in  scarlet  boots  and  yellow  caps,  armed  with  gilded  bows ;  one  of 
whom  presented  her  a  silver-headed  arrow,  winged  with  peacock's  feathers.  Sir 
Thomas  Pope  had  the  devising  of  this  show.  By  way  of  closing  the  sport,  or 
rather  the  ceremony,  the  Princess  was  gratified  with  the  privilege  of  cutting  the 
throat  of  a  buck3.  In  the  same  month  she  was  visited  by  the  Queen  at  Hatfield  : 
when  the  great  chamber  was  adorned  with  a  sumptuous  suit  of  tapestry,  called 
the  Hangings  of  the  siege  of  Antioch,  and  after  supper  a  Play  was  performed  by 
the  Choir-boys  of  Saint  Paul's4. 

In  the  summer  of  the  same  year,  the  Princess  paid  a  visit  to  the  Queen  at 
Richmond.    She  went  by  water  from  Somerset-place  in  the  Queen's  barge  ;  which 

1  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  444,  445.  a  Ibid.  iii.  336. 

1  Yitell.  F.  5.  MSS.  Cotton.     MSS.  Strype,  ut  supr. 
4  MSS.  Ibid.     See  Hist.  Eng.  Poetry,  ii.  392. 
VOL.  I.  D 


18      THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   RICHMOND    AND   HAMPTON    COURT,    1557- 

was  richly  hung  with  garlands  of  artificial  flowers,  and  covered  with  a  canopy  of 
green  sarcenet  wrought  with  branches  of  eglantine  in  embroidery,  and  powdered 
with  blossoms  of  gold.  In  the  barge  she  was  accompanied  by  Sir  Thomas  Pope, 
and  four  Ladies  of  her  Chamber.  Six  boats  attended  on  this  procession,  filled 
with  her  Highness's  retinue,  habited  in  russet  damaske  and  blue  embroidered 
sattin  tasselled  and  spangled  with  silver,  with  bonnets  of  cloth  of  silver  plumed 
with  green  feathers.  She  was  received  by  the  Queen  in  a  sumptuous  pavilion, 
made  in  form  of  a  castle,  with  cloth  of  gold  and  purple  velvet,  in  the  Labyrinth 
of  the  gardens.  The  walls,  or  sides  of  the  pavilion,  were  checquered  into  com- 
partments, in  each  ot  which  were  alternately  a  lily  in  silver  and  a  pomegranate 
in  gold.  Here  they  were  entertained  at  a  Royal  banquet ;  in  which  was  introduced 
a  sottletie l  of  a  pomegranate-tree  bearing  the  arms  of  Spain.  There  were  many 
minstrels,  but  no  masking  or  dancing.  Before  the  banquet,  the  Queen  was  long 
in  consultation  with  Sir  Thomas  Pope.  In  the  evening  the  Princess  with  all  her 
company  returned,  as  they  came,  to  Somerset-place  ;  and  the  next  day  retired  to 
Hatfield  2. — During  her  residence  at  Hatfield,  the  Princess  was  also  present  at  a 
Royal  Christmas,  kept  with  great  solemnity  by  the  Queen  and  King  Philip  at 
Hampton  Court.  On  Christmas-eve,  the  great  hall  of  the  Palace  was  illuminated 
with  a  thousand  lamps  curiously  disposed.  The  Princess  supped  at  the  same 
table  in  the  hall  with  the  King  and  Queen,  next  the  cloth  of  state:  and  after 
supper,  was  served  with  a  perfumed  napkin  and  plates  of  confects  by  the  Lord 
Paget.  But  she  retired  to  her  Ladies  before  the  revels,  maskings,  and  disguisings 
began.  On  St.  Stephen's  day  she  heard  mattins  in  the  Queen's  closet  adjoining 
to  the  chapel,  where  she  was  attired  in  a  robe  of  white  sattin,  strung  all  over  with 
large  pearls.  On  the  29th  day  of  December,  she  sate  with  their  Majesties  and 
the  Nobility  at  a  grand  spectacle  of  justing,  when  two  hundred  spears  were  broken. 
Half  of  the  combatants  were  accoutred  in  the  Almaine,  and  half  in  the  Spanish3 
fashion.  Thus  our  chronicler,  who  is  fond  of  minute  description.  But  these 
and  other  particularities,  insignificant  as  they  seem,  which  he  has  recorded  so 
carefully,  are  a  vindication  of  Queen  Mary's  character  in  the  treatment  of  her 
Sister  :  they  prove,  that  the  Princess,  during  her  residence  at  Hatfield,  lived  in 
splendour  and  affluence ;  that  she  was  often  admitted  to  the  diversions  of  the 

1  A  curious  devise  in  cookery  or  confectionary. 
9  MSS.  Cotton.  Vitell.  F.  5.    MSS.  Strype,  ut  supr. 
3  Vitell.  F.'  5.  Cotton.  MSS.    Strype,  ut  supr. 


THE    PRINCESS   ELIZABETH   AT   HATFIELD,    I556   AND    1557-  19 

Court ;  and  that  her  present  situation  was  by  no  means  a  state  of  oppression  and 
imprisonment,  as  it  has  been  represented  by  most  of  our  Historians. 

We  have  before  seen  that  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  during  his  attendance  on  this 
Lady,  was  engaged  in  the  foundation  of  his  College.  An  undertaking  of  such  a 
nature  could  not  fail  of  attracting  the  attention  of  the  young  Elizabeth ;  whose 
learned  education  and  present  situation  naturally  interested  her  in  the  progress 
of  a  work  so  beneficial  to  the  increase  of  her  favourite  pursuits,  and  carried  on 
by  one  with  whom  she  was  so  nearly  connected.  Accordingly  this  subject  was 
often  matter  of  conversation  between  them,  as  appears  from  part  of  a  letter  written 
by  Sir  Thomas  Pope ;  which  also  still  further  proves  the  friendly  terms  on  which 
they  lived  together.  "  The  Princess  Elizabeth  her  Grace,  whom  I  serve  here,  often 
askyth  me  about  the  course  I  have  devysed  for  my  scollers  :  and  that  part  of 
myne  estatutes  respectinge  studie  I  have  shewn  to  her,  which  she  likes  well. 
She  is  not  only  gracious,  but  most  lerned,  as  ye  right  well  know  1." 

1  Dated  at  Hatfield,  1556.  To  the  President.  Ex  Autographo  ubi  supra.  Ascham,  in  one  of  his  Latin 
Epistles,  gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  Elizabeth's  progress  in  literature,  when  she  was  very 
young,  under  the  year  1550.  Among  the  learned  daughters  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  he  says,  the  Princess 
Elizabeth  shines  like  a  star  of  distinguished  lustre ;  deriving  greater  glory  from  her  virtuous  disposition, 
and  literary  accomplishments,  than  from  the  dignity  of  her  exalted  birth.  I  was  her  Preceptor  in 
Latin  and  Greek  for  two  years.  She  was  but  little  more  than  sixteen,  when  she  could  speak  Frencn, 
and  Italian,  with  as  much  fluency  and  propriety  as  her  native  English.  She  speaks  Latin  readily, 
justly,  and  even  critically.  She  has  often  conversed  with  me  in  Greek,  and  with  tolerable  facility. 
When  she  transcribes  Greek  or  Latin,  nothing  can  be  more  beautiful  than  her  hand-writing.  She  is 
excellently  skilled  in  music,  although  not  very  fond  of  it.  She  has  read  with  me  all  Cicero,  and 
great  part  of  Livy.  It  is  chiefly  from  those  two  authors  alone,  that  she  has  acquired  her  knowledge 
of  the  Latin  language.  She  begins  the  day  with  reading  a  portion  of  the  Greek  Testament,  and 
then  studies  some  select  Orations  of  Isocrates  and  the  Tragedies  of  Sophocles.  From  these  authors, 
I  was  of  opinion,  that  she  would  adorn  her  style  with  the  most  elegant  diction,  enrich  her  mind  with 
the  most  suitable  precepts,  and  frame  her  high  station  of  life  to  every  fortune.  For  her  religious 
instruction,  after  the  Scriptures,  she  adds  to  the  classics  Saint  Cyprian  and  the  Common-places  of 
Melancthon,  with  other  writers  of  that  school,  who  teach  purity  of  doctrine  with  elegance  of  expression. 
In  every  composition,  she  is  very  quick  in  pointing  out  a  far-fetched  word,  or  affected  phrase.  She 
cannot  endure  those  absurd  imitators  of  Erasmus,  who  mince  the  whole  Latin  language  into  pro- 
verbial maxims.  She  is  much  pleased  with  a  Latin  oration  naturally  arising  from  its  subject,  and 
written  both  chastely  and  perspicuously.  She  is  most  fond  of  translations  not  too  free,  and  with  that 
agreeable  clash  of  sentiment  which  results  from  a  judicious  comparison  of  opposite  or  contradictory 
passages.  By  a  diligent  attention  to  these  things,  her  taste  is  become  so  refined,  and  her  judgment 
so  penetrating,  that  there  is  nothing  in  Greek,  Latin,  and  English  composition,  either  extravagant  or 


20  THE    PRINCESS   ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    I556   AND    I557. 

While  Sir  Thomas  Pope  was  concerned  in  this  superintendance  of  the  Princess^ 
he  received  a  letter  from  Heath,  Archbishop  of  York  and  Lord  Chancellor,  the 
Bishops  of  Rochester  and  Ely,  Lord  Arundel,  and  Sir  Henry  Jernegan,  dated  July 
the  thirtieth,  1556,  by  which  it  appears  that  the  Privy  Council  placed  much 
confidence  in  his  penetration  and  address,  and  greatly  depended  on  his  skilful 
management  of  her  Highness  at  this  critical  period. 

In  consequence  of  Wyat's  unsuccessful  attempt,  new  efforts  were  made  to 
foment  a  second  insurrection.    Many  of  Wyat's  adherents,  of  which  the  principal 

exact,  careless  or  correct,  which  she  does  not  in  the  course  of  reading  accurately  discern ;  immediately 
rejecting  the  one  with  disgust,  and  receiving  the  other  with  the  highest  degree  of  pleasure.  Ascham, 
Epistol.  Lib.  i.  p.  18.  a.  edit.  Lond.  1581. 

"  Queen  Elizabeth  would  sometimes,  in  the  midst  of  her  cares,  divert  herself  by  study  and  reading : 
and  sometimes  versifying,  as  she  did  in  composing  a  copy  of  verses  upon  the  Queen  of  Scots,  and 
those  of  her  friends  here  in  England  near  this  time  j  which  Dr.  Wylson  hath  preserved  to  us  in  his 
English  Logic.     For  she,  to  declare  that  she  was  nothing  ignorant  of  those  secret  practices  among 
her  people,  and  many  of  her  Nobility  inclining  too  far  to  the  Scottish  Queen's  party,  though  she  had 
long  with  great  wisdom  and  patience  disssembled  it  (as  the  said  Dr.  Wylson  prefaceth  her  verses), 
wrote  this  ditty  most  sweet  and  sententious ;  not  hiding  from  all  such  aspiring  minds  the  danger  of 
their  ambition  and  disloyalty.    Which  afterwards  fel  lout  most  truly,  by  the  exemplary  chastisement  of 
sundry  persons,  who,  in  favour  of  the  said  Scottish  Queen,  declining  from  her  Majesty,  sought  to 
interrupt  the  quiet  of  the  realm,  by  many  evil  and  undutiful  practices.     Her  verses  were  as  follow  : 
"  That  doubt  of  future  foes  exiles  my  present  joy ; 
And  Wit  me  warns  to  shun  such  snares,  as  threaten  mine  annoy. 
For  falsehood  now  doth  flow,  and  subjects'  faith  doth  ebb  : 
Which  would  not  be,  if  Reason  rul'd,  or  Wisdom  weav'd  the  webb. 
But  clouds  of  toys  vmtry'd  do  cloak  aspiring  minds, 
Which  turn  to  rain  of  late  repent,  by  course  of  changed  winds. 
The  top  of  Hope  suppos'd  the  root  of  truth  wil  bee, 
And  fruitless  al  their  graffed  guiles,  as  shortly  ye  shal  see. 
Those  dazzled  eyes  with  pride,  which  great  Ambition  *  blinds, 
Shal  be  unseel'd  by  worthy  wights,  whom  Foresight  falsehood  finds. 
The  daughter  of  debate,  that  eke  Discord  doth  sow, 
Shal  reap  no  gain,  where  former  rule  hath  taught  still  peace  to  grow. 
No  foreign  banisht  Wight f  shal  anchor  in  this  port : 
Our  realm  it  brooks  no  strangers  J  force  :  let  them  elsewhere  resort. 
Our  rusty  sword  with  rest  shal  first  the  edge  employ, 
To  poll  their  topps  that  seek  such  chaunge,  and  gape  for  joy." 

Strype's  Annals,  vol.  ii.  p.  88. 

*  That  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  t  The  Scottish  Queen.  %  France  and  Spain. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    155^    AND    1557.  21 

was  one  Dudley  Ashton,  had  fled  into  France,  where  they  were  well  entertained. 
Ashton  being  connected  with  both  kingdoms,  sent  over  from  France  one  Cleberye, 
a  condemned  person,  who  pretended  to  be  the  Earl  of  Devonshire.  The  con- 
spirators at  the  same  time,  in  the  letters  and  proclamations  which  they  dispersed, 
made  use  of  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  name,  and  propagated  many  scandalous  insinua- 
tions against  her  reputation  and  honour l.  They  proceeded  so  far,  as  at  Ipswich 
to  proclaim  Lord  Courteney  and  the  Princess,  King  and  Queen  of  England  2.  In 
how  licentious  a  manner  her  character  was  abused,  appears  from  a  curious  manu- 
script paper  preserved  in  the  British  Museum,  intituled,  "  A  relation  how  one 
Cleber,  1556,  proclaimed  the  Ladie  Elizabethe  Quene,  and  her  beloved  bedfellow, 
Lord  Edwarde  Courtney,  Kynge3."  It  was  thought  proper  that  the  truth  of  this 
affair  should  be  made  known  to  the  Princess ;  and  as  the  communication  of  it 
was  a  matter  of  some  delicacy,  and  that  misrepresentations  might  be  prevented, 
the  Council  above-mentioned  ordered  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  "  Because  this  matter  is 
spread  abroad,  and  that  peradventure  many  constructions  and  discourses  will  be 
made  thereof,  we  have  thought  meet  to  signifie  the  whole  circumstances  of  the 
case  unto  you,  to  be  by  you  opened  to  the  Ladie  Elizabeth's  Grace  at  such  time  as 
ye  shall  thinke  most  convenient.  To  the  end  it  may  appear  unto  her,  how  little 
these  men  stick,  by  falsehood  and  untruthe,  to  compass  their  purpose:  not  letting, 
for  that  intent,  to  abuse  the  name  of  her  Grace,  or  any  others  ;  which  their  devises 
nevertheless  are  (God  be  thanked)  by  his  goodness  discovered  from  time,  to  their 
Majesties  perseverance,  and  confusion  of  their  enemies.  And  so  we  bid  you 
hertily  well  to  fare.  From  Eltham,  the  xxxth  of  July,  1556.  Your  loving 
friends,  &c."4 

In  consequence  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope's  explanation,  the  Queen  herself  wrote  a 
letter  to  the  Princess,  in  which  she  expressed  her  abhorrence  and  disbelief  of 
these  infamous  forgeries.  It  was  answered  by  the  Princess,  who  declared  her 
detestation  of  the  conspirators,  and  disclaimed  the  least  knowledge  of  their 
malicious  designs.  Undoubtedly  having  suffered  so  severely,  and  perhaps  unjustly, 
in  the  affair  of  Wyat,  she  judged  it  expedient  to  clear  her  character  even  from 
the  most  improbable  suspicions.  Commissioners  were  immediately  appointed 
for  examining  into  this  conspiracy,  Sir  Francis  Englefield  the  Comptroller,  Sir 

1  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  336.  *  Carte,  iii.  327.  3  MSS.  Harl.  537.  25. 

*  Burnet,  Hist.  Rcf.  Records,  Numb,  xxxiii.  pag.  314.     And  Hist.  p.  351. 


22  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT   HATFIELD,    1557. 

Edward  Waldegrave,  Sir  Henry  Jernegan,  Sir  Edward  Hastings,  and  Cordall  the 
Queen's  Solicitor ;  and  several  of  the  parties  were  apprehended,  and  condemned  at 
Guildhall l.     When  war  was  next  year  proclaimed  against  France,  this  secret 
concurrence  of  the  French  Court,  with  the  machinations  of  Dudley  Ashton  and 
his  accomplices,  was  expressly  specified,  amongst  other  articles  in  the  declaration2. 
Soon  afterwards,  Eric  King  of  Sweden  sent  by  his  Ambassador  a  message  secretly 
to  the  Princess  at  Hatfield,  with  a  proposal  of  marriage.     King  Philip  had  just 
before  proposed  to  the  Queen  to  marry  her  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy  3;  with  a  view 
perhaps  of  retaining  the  Duke,  who  was  an  able  General,  in  his  interests  against 
France,  with  which  Philip  was  at  this  time  engaged  in  open  hostilities.     This 
proposal  of  the  King  of  Sweden  she  wisely  rejected,  because  it  was  not  conveyed 
to  her  by  the  Queen's  directions.    But  to  this  objection  the  Ambassador  answered, 
that  the  King  of  Sweden  his  Master,  as  a  Man  of  Honour  and  Gentleman,  thought 
it  most  proper  to  make  the  first  application  to  herself:  and  that  having  by  this 
preparatory  step  obtained  her  consent,  he  would  next,  as  a  King,  mention  the  affair 
in  form  to  her  Majesty.     But  the  final  answer  of  the  Princess  was  an  absolute 
denial :  and  she  desired  the  Messenger  to  acquaint  his  Master,  that  as  she  could 
not  listen  to  any  proposals  of  that  nature,  unless  made  by  the  Queen's  advice  or 
authority ;  so  she  could  not  but  declare,  that,  if  left  to  her  own  will,  she  would 
always  prefer  a  single  condition  of  life.     The  affair  soon  came  to  the  Queen's  ears ; 
who,  sending  for  Sir  Thomas  Pope  to  Court,  received  from  him  an  entire  account 
of  this  secret  transaction ;  ordering  Sir  Thomas  at  the  same  time  to  write  to  the 
Princess,  and  acquaint  her  how  much  she  was  satisfied  with  this  prudent  and 
dutiful  answer  to  the  King  of  Sweden's  proposition.     Sir  Thomas  Pope  very  soon 
afterwards  returned  to  his  charge  at  Hatfield ;  when  the  Queen  commanded  him, 
not  only  to  repeat  this  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  the  Princess  relating  to  the 
proposed  match  from  Sweden,  but  to  receive  from  her  own  mouth  the  result  of 
her  sentiments  concerning  it ;  and  at  the  same  time  to  take  an  opportunity  of 
sounding  her  affections  concerning  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  without  mentioning  his 
name.     The    Imperial  Ambassadors   Mountmorency   Lord    of   Courieres,    and 
Bouchard,  were  still  in  England,  waiting  for  the  event  of  the  latter  negotiation4. 
For  the  Emperor  Charles  the  Fifth  5,  who  was  now  become  her  friend,  and  had 

1  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  336,  337.  *  Camden,  Eliz.  per  Hearne.  i.  Apparat.  pag.  22. 

3  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  317.  4  Carte,  iii.  307. 

5  See  Hume,  Hist.  iii.  386.  seq.  ed.  4to.  j  and  Dr.  Robertson's  masterly  History  of  Charles  the  Fifth. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH   AT   HATFIELD,    1557.  23 

before  interested  himself  in  her  favour,  was  anxious,  by  such  an  important  con- 
nexion, to  form  a  potent  and  lasting  alliance  between  the  British  and  Imperial 
crowns.  But  I  shall  insert  Sir  Thomas  Pope's  letter,  written  in  consequence  of 
this  commission,  to  the  Queen  or  Council ;  by  which  he  seems  perfectly  to  have 
understood  Elizabeth's  real  thoughts  and  disposition. 

"  First,  after  I  had  declared  to  her  Grace,  how  well  the  Quene's  Majestie  liked  of 
her  prudent  and  honorable  answere  made  to  the  same  Messenger ;  I  then  opened 
unto  her  Grace  the  effects  of  the  sayd  Messengers  credence :  which  after  her  Grace 
had  hard,  I  sayd,  the  Queenes  Highnes  had  sent  me  to  her  Grace,  not  onlie  to  declare 
the  same,  but  also  to  understande  how  her  Grace  liked  the  said  motion.  Where- 
unto,  after  a  little  pause  taken,  her  Grace  answered  in  forme  following.  Maister 
Pope,  I  requyre  you,  after  my  most  humble  commendacions  to  the  Quenes 
Majestie,  to  render  untoo  the  same  lyke  thankes,  that  it  pleased  her  Highnes  of 
her  goodnes,  to  conceive  so  well  of  my  answer  made  to  the  same  Messenger ; 
and  herwithal,  of  her  princelie  consyderation,  with  such  speede  to  command  you 
by  your  letters  to  signyfie  the  same  untoo  me :  who  before  remained  wonderfullie 
perplexed,  fering  that  her  Majestie  might  mistake  the  same  :  for  which  her  good- 
nes I  acknowledg  myself  bound  to  honour,  serve,  love,  and  obey  her  Highnes, 
during  my  liffe.  Requyring  you  also  to  saye  unto  her  Majestie,  that  in  the  King 
my  Brothers  time,  there  was  offered  me  a  verie  honorable  marriage  or  two :  and 
Ambassadors  sent  to  treat  with  me  touching  the  same1 ;  whereupon  I  made  my 
humble  suit  untoo  his  Highness,  as  some  of  honour  yet  livinge  can  be  testimonies, 
that  it  would  lyke  the  same  to  give  me  leave,  with  his  Graces  favour,  to  remayne 
in  that  estate  1  was,  which  of  all  others  best  lyked  me  or  pleased  me  2.     And  in 

1  Viz.  in  1552,  the  eldest  son  of  the  King  of  Denmark.     Heylyn,  Eccl.  Rest.  Eliz.  p.  99. 

*  She  was  not  however  perfectly  satisfied  with  this  state,  at  that  time ;  as  appears  from  many 
curious  anecdotes  of  her  early  coquetry  with  Lord  Thomas  Seymour,  High  Admiral,  who  married 
Catharine  Parr,  widow  of  Henry  VIII.  Burghley's  State  Papers,  vol.  I.  by  Haynes,  p.  96.  "  From  the 
confession  of  Thomas  Parrye  her  cofferer.  I  do  remember  also  she  (Catharine  Ashley)  told  me,  that 
the  Admiral  loved  her  but  too  well,  and  had  done  so  a  great  while  :  and  that  the  Queen  was  jealouse 
on  hir  and  him,  insomuche,  that  one  tyme  the  Quene  suspecting  the  often  accesse  of  the  Admirall 
to  the  Lady  Elizabeth's  Grace,  cam  sodenly  upon  them,  when  they  were  all  alone,  he  having  her  in  his 
armes.  From  the  confession  of  Catharine  Ashley,  her  waiting  woman,  or  governess.  She  saith,  at 
Chelsy  he  would  come  many  mornyngs  into  the  said  Lady  Elizabeth's  chamber,  before  she  were 
redy,  and  sometyme  before  she  did  rise. — And  if  she  were  in  hir  bed,  he  wold  put  open  the  curteyns, 
and  bid  hir  good  morrow,  &c.    And  one  morning  he  strave  to  have  kissed  her  in  bed. — At  Hanworth, 


24  THE  PRINCESS  ELIZABETH  AT  HATFIELD,  1557- 

good  faith,  I  pray  you  say  unto  her  Highness,  I  am  even  at  this  present  of  the 
same  minde,  and  so  intende  to  continewe  with  her  Maiesties  favour:  and  assuringe 
her  Highnes,  I  so  well  like  this  estate,  as  I  perswade  myselfe  ther  is  not  anie  kynde 
of  liffe  comparable  unto  it.  And  as  concerning  my  lyking  the  sayd  mocion  made 
by  the  sayd  Messenger,  I  beseeche  you  say  unto  her  Maiestie,  that  to  my  remem- 
braunce  I  never  heard  of  his  Master  before  this  tyme ;  and  that  I  so  well  lyke  both 
the  message  and  the  Messenger,  as  I  shall  most  humblie  pray  God  upon  my  knees, 
that  from  henceforth  )  never  hear  of  the  one  nor  the  other ;  assure  you,  that  if 
it  should  eftsones  repaire  unto  me,  I  would  forbeare  to  speak  to  him.  And  were 
there  nothing  els  to  move  me  to  mislyke  the  mocion,  other  than  that  his  Master 
would  attempte  the  same,  without  making  the  Queen's  Maiestie  privie  thereunto, 
it  were  cause  sufficient. 

"  And  when  her  Grace  had  thus  ended,  I  was  so  bold  as  of  myselfe  to  say  unto 
her  Grace,  her  pardon  first  requyred,  that  I  thought  few  or  none  would  beleve 
but  that  her  Grace  could  be  ryght  well  contented  to  marrie,  so  ther  were  some 
honorable  marriage  offered  her  by  the  Queen's  Highnes,  or  her  Maiesties  assent. 
Wherunto  her  Grace  answered,  What  I  shall  do  hereafter  I  knowe  not;  but  I 
assure  you  upon  my  truthe  and  fidelitie,  and  as  God  be  mercifull  unto  me,  I  am 
not  at  this  tyme  other  ways  mynded,  than  I  have  declared  unto  you  ;  no,  though 
I  were  ofFered  the  greatest  Prince  in  all  Europe. — And  yet  percase  the  Queen's 

in  the  garden,  he  wrated  with  her,  and  cut  her  gown  in  an  hundred  pieces,  being  black  cothes.  An 
other  tyme,  at  Chelsey,  the  Lady  Elizabeth  hearing  the  pryvie-lock  undo,  knowing  that  he  would 
coirie  in,  ran  out  of  hir  bed  to  hir  maydens,  and  then  went  behind  the  curteyn  of  the  bed,  &c. — 
At  Seymour-place,  ....  he  did  use  a  while  to  come  up  every  mornyng  in  his  nyght-gowne, 
barelegged  in  his  slippers,  where  he  found  commonly  the  Lady  Elizabeth  up  at  hir  boke.  At 
Hanworth,  the  Queene  told  this  examinate,  that  my  Lord  Admirall  looked  in  at  the  galery  wyndow, 
and  se  my  Lady  Elizabeth  cast  hir  armes  about  a  man's  neck.  The  which  heryng,  this  examinate 
enquyred  for  it  of  my  Lady's  Grace,  who  denyed  it  weepyng,  and  bad  axall  hir  women.  Thei  all 
denyed  it.  And  she  knew  it  could  not  be  so,  for  ther  came  no  man  but  Gryndall,  the  Lady  Elizabeth's 
Scholemaster.  Howbeit,  thereby  this  examinate  did  suspect,  that  the  Quene  was  jelous  betwixt  them  ; 
and  did  but  feyne  this,  to  thentente  that  this  examinate  should  take  more  hede,  and  be,  as  it  were, 
in  watche  betwixte  hir  and  my  Lord  Admirall.  She  saith  also,  that  Mr.  Ashley,  hir  husband,  hath 
divers  tymes  given  this  examinate  warnyng  to  take  hede,  for  he  did  fere  that  the  Lady  Elizabeth  did 
ber  some  affection  to  my  Lord  Admirall,  she  seemyd  to  be  well  plesed  therwith,  and  sometyme  she 
wold  blush  when  he  were  spoken  of."  Ibid.  p.  99.  This  was  in  1548.  Parrye  was  afterwards  made 
Treasurer  of  her  Household. 


THE  PRINCESS  ELIZABETH  AT  HATFIELD,  1557-  25 

Majestic  may  conceive  this  '   rather  to  proceed  of  a  maidenlie  shamefastnes,  than 
upon  anie  such  certaine  determination.  Thomas  Pope2." 

Courtney  Earl  of  Devonshire  being  now  dead3,  the  Queen  grew  less  jealous  of  the 
Princess,  and  seemed  almost  perfectly  reconciled.  In  November  15 56,  she  was 
invited  to  Court ;  and  accordingly  came  to  London  with  much  parade4.  The 
principal  reason  of  this  invitation  was,  formally  to  propose  to  her  in  person,  a 
marriage  with  Philibert  Emanuel,  the  Duke  of  Savoy,  which  Sir  Thomas  Pope, 
by  the  Queen's  commands,  had  before  hinted  at  a  distance,  as  we  have  seen  in  the 
preceding  letter.  This  proposal  the  Princess  declined  ;  but  disguised  her  refusal 
with  the  same  earnest  professions  of  her  unchangeable  devotion  to  a  state  of 
virginity,  which  she  had  before  made  to  Sir  Thomas  Pope  on  account  of  the 
Swedish  match.  Great  court  was  paid  to  the  Princess  during  her  abode  at 
Somerset-house  5.  Her  amiable  condescension,  obliging  address,  and  agreeable 
conversation,  procured  her  new  interests  and  attachments,  and  even  engaged  the 
best  part  of  the  Lords  of  the  Council  in  her  favour. 

Her  beauty,  perhaps,  had  no  great  share  in  these  acquisitions ;  such  as  it  was, 
it  still  retained  some  traces  of  sickness,  and  some  shades  of  melancholy,  contracted 
in  her  late  severe  but  useful  school  of  affliction. 

She  found,  however,  that  retirement  best  suited  her  circumstances,  as  it  did  her 

1  In  MSS.  Harl.  [ut  inf.]  it  is,  "  this  my  answer  rather,  etc."  as  if  it  was  the  speech  of  the 
Princess  continued. 

5  Brit.  Mus.  MSS.  Harl.  444.  7.  viz.  "The  Ladye  Elizabeth  hir  Graces  aunswere  made  at  Hattfield, 
the  xxvi  of  Aprill  1558,  to  Sir  T.  Pope,  Knt.  being  sent  from  the  Cjueenes  Majestie  to  understand 
how  hir  Grace  lyked  of  the  mocyon  of  marryage  made  by  the  Kynge  elect  of  Swethelandes  Messenger.% 
fol.  28. — See  also  the  same,  ibid.  MSS.  Cotton,  Vitell.  xii.  16. 8.  It  is  also  among  Petyt's  Manuscripts, 
now  in  the  Library  of  the  Inner  Temple  :  from  whence  it  is  incorrectly  printed  by  Burnet,  ubi  supr- 
No.  37.  p.  325.     See  ibid.  Hist.  p.  361. 

3  He  was  imprisoned  in  Fotheringay  Castle,  on  suspicion  of  being  concerned  with  the  Princess 
Elizabeth  in  Wyat's  rebellion.  Being  released,  he  travelled  into  Italy,  and  died  at  Padua,  aged  thirty. 
He  was  the  last  Earl  of  Devonshire,  of  the  noble  family  of  Courtenay.  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  338, 339. 
Some  say  he  was  poisoned. 

4  "  The  xxviiith  daye  of  November,  came  ryding  thrugh  Smythfelde  and  Old  Balee,  and  thrugh 
Fleet-street,  unto  Somersett-plase,  my  good  Lade  Elisabeth's  Grace  the  Queenes  Syster  j  with  a  grate 
company  of  velvet  cotts  and  chaynes,  hir  Graces  Gentyllmen  :  and  aftyr,  a  grate  company  of  her  men, 
all  in  redd  cotts  gardyd  with  a  brod  gard  of  blake  velvett  and  cutts,  &c.  Vitell.  MSS.  Cott.  F.  5.  ut 
supr.     Strype  cites  a  part  of  this  passage,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  309. 

5  Carte,  iii,  331. 

VOL.  I.  E 


26  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFHELD,    1557. 

inclinations ;  and  although  she  had  been  invited  to  pass  the  whole  winter  in 
London,  after  a  short  stay  of  one  week  only,  she  returned  to  her  former  situation 
at  Hatfield  K 

One  should  have  expected  that  the  Queen  would  have  parted  in  disgust  with 
the  Princess,  at  this  rejection  of  a  match,  recommended  by  Philip,  and  so  con- 
venient to  his  purposes.  But  it  appears,  that  the  Queen  was  extremely  backward 
in  promoting  her  Husband's  desire  of  marrying  Elizabeth  to  the  Duke  of  Savoy. 
On  this  account,  Philip  employed  Alphonsus,  a  Franciscan  friar,  his  Confessor,  to 
confer  with  her  Majesty  on  the  subject  of  this  marriage.  She  told  him,  that  she 
feared,  without  consent  of  Parliament,  neither  her  Husband  Philip,  nor  the  Nation, 
would  be  benefited  by  this  alliance.  She  added,  that  she  could  not  in  point  of 
conscience  press  this  match  upon  her  Sister;  meaning  perhaps  that  it  would  be 
unjust,  to  force  the  Princess  to  be  married,  after  her  resolute  declarations  against 
wedlock;  or  improper  and  dishonourable,  to  match  her  beneath  the  dignity  of 
a  Crowned  Head.  The  Theological  reasonings  of  Alphonsus  were  too  refined  for 
the  understanding,  or  too  weak  for  the  conscience,  of  the  Queen,  who  still 
remained  inflexible  in  her  former  opinion.  Upon  this,  Philip  wrote  to  her  in 
his  usual  authoritative  style,  advising  her  to  examine  her  own  conscience,  and  to 
consider  whether  her  opinion  was  founded  in  truth  or  in  obstinacy  ;  adding,  that 
if  the  Parliament  opposed  his  request,  he  should  lay  the  blame  upon  her2.  The 
Queen,  in  her  answer,  begged  that  he  would,  at  least,  defer  the  matter  till  he  re- 
turned into  England:  and  that  then  he  might  have  a  better  opportunity  of  judging, 
what  attention  her  reasons  deserved.  That  otherwise  she  should  live  in  jealousy 
of  his  affections,  a  state  of  mind  to  her  worse  than  death ;  but  which,  to  her 
great  disquietude,  she  had  already  begun  to  feel.  She  observed,  with  many 
expressions  of  deference  to  his  superior  judgment  and  authority,  that,  whatever 
her  conscience  might  have  determined,  the  matter  could  not  be  possibly  brought 
to  any  speedy  conclusion,  as  the  Duke  would  be  immediately  ordered  into  the  field. 

This  letter,  which  is  in  French,  and  printed  by  Strype3,  is  no  less  a  specimen 
of  her  implicit  submission  to  Philip,  than  the  whole  transaction  is,  at  the  same 

1  "  Hir  Grace  did  loge  at  hir  Plase  [Somerset-house]  till  the  iii  day  of  Dessember.  The  third  day 
of  Dessember  cam  ryding  from  hir  Plase  my  Ladie  Elisabeth's  Grace  from  Somerset-plase  down  Fleet- 
strete,  and  thrugh  Old  Bailee  and  Smythfelde,  &c.  And  so  hir  Grace  toke  hir  waye  towards  Byshope- 
hatfeld  Plase."     MSS.  Cott.  Vitell.  F.  5.  ut  supr. 

9  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  317.  seq.  J  Ibid.     Append.  Numb.  LVI. 


THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    1557-  2J 

time,  an  instance  of  that  unconquerable  perseverance  which  the  Queen  exerted  on 
certain  occasions.  Philip  persisted  in  his  design  ;  and,  with  a  view  to  accomplish 
it  more  effectually,  dispatched  into  England  the  Duchess  of  Parma  and  the  Duchess 
of  Lorraine,  whom  he  commissioned  to  bring  back  with  them  the  Princess 
Elizabeth  into  Flanders.  Philip  was  in  love  with  the  Duchess  of  Lorraine;  and 
the  splendour  of  her  table  and  retinue,  which  she  was  unable  to  support  of  herself, 
made  the  Queen  extremely  jealous.  She  was  therefore,  whatever  her  companion 
might  have  been,  a  very  improper  suitress  on  this  occasion.  The  Queen  would 
not  permit  the  two  Duchesses  to  visit  the  Princess  at  Hatfield ;  and  every  moment 
of  their  stay  gave  her  infinite  uneasiness.  But  they  both  soon  returned  without 
success  *. 

Perhaps  the  growing  jealousy  of  the  Queen,  a  passion  which  often  ends  in 
revenge  against  the  beloved  object,  might  at  least  have  some  share  in  dictating 
this  opposition  to  Philip  2.  At  length  the  remonstrances  of  the  Queen,  and  the 
repeated  disapprobation  of  the  Princess,  prevailed;  and  it  is  certain,  whatever 
Mary's  real  motives  might  be,  that  the  proposal  was  suddenly  laid  aside.  But 
Mary  so  far  concurred  with  Philip's  measures,  as  the  next  year  to  declare  war 
against  France3;  in  which  the  Duke  of  Savoy  was  Philip's  chief  Commander  at 
the  battle  and  siege  of  St.  Quintin4. 

As  to  the  King  of  Sweden,  he  afterwards,  in  the  year  1561,  renewed  his  addreses 
to  Elizabeth,  when  she  was  Queen  of  England  :  at  which  time  he  sent  her  a  Royal 
present  of  eighteen  large  pyed  horses,  and  two  ships  laden  with  riches.5  At  the 
same  time,  some  Stationers  of  London  had  published  prints  of  her  Majesty 
Elizabeth  and  the  King  of  Sweden  in  one  piece.  This  liberty,  as  it  was  called, 
gave  great  offence  to  the  Queen,  who  ordered  Secretary  Cecil  to  write  to  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  London,  enjoining  him  diligently  to  suppress  all  such  publications;  as 
they  implied  an  agreement  of  marriage  between  their  Majesties.  Cecil  takes 
occasion   to  add,   "  her  Majestie  hitherto  cannot  be  induced,  whereof  we  have 

1  Carte,  iii.  338. 

4  Philip,  while  abroad,  had  shewn  her  so  many  marks  of  indifference,  and  had  trifled  with  her  so 
frequently  about  his  return  to  England,  that  once,  in  a  fit  of  rage,  she  tore  his  picture.  Carte, 
ibid.  329. 

3  Yet  the  public  finances  were  at  this  time  so  low,  that  she  could  not  procure  a  single  vote  from  her 
Privy  Council  for  the  declaration  of  war :  and  she  therefore  threatened  to  dismiss  them  all  from  the 
board,  and  to  appoint  Counsellors  more  obsequious.     Hume,  iii.  391,  ed.  4to. 

4  Strype,  Eccl.  Mem.  iii.  317.     Holinshed,  Chron.  iii.  1134.  col.  1,  2. 

5  Strype,  Ann.  Ref.  i.  p.  271. 


28  THE    PRINCESS    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    1558. 

cause  to  sorrow,  to  allow  of  any  marriadg  with  any  manner  of  person1."  Soon 
afterwards  the  King  of  Sweden  was  expected  to  pay  the  Queen  a  visit  at  Whitehall ; 
and  it  is  diverting  to  observe  the  perplexity  and  embarrassment  of  the  Officers  of 
State  about  the  manner  of  receiving  him  at  Court,  "  the  Quenes  Majestie  being 
aMaide^r 

But  she  still  persisted  in  those  vows  of  virginity  which  she  had  formerly  made 
to  Sir  Thomas  Pope  at  Hatfield  ;  and  constantly  refused  not  only  this,  but  other 
advantageous  matches.  One  of  them  was  with  the  Duke  D'Alenzon,  whom  she 
refused,  vet  after  some  deliberation,  because  he  was  only  a  boy  of  seventeen  years 
of  age,  and  she  almost  in  her  fortieth  year3.  A  husband,  I  suppose,  although  a 
young  one,  would  have  been  at  that  time  perhaps  inconsistent  with  her  private 
attachments  ;  and  the  formalities  of  marriage  might  have  laid  a  restraint  on  more 
agreeable  gallantries  with  the  Earl  of  Essex  and  others.  Bayle4  assigns  a  curious 
physical  reason  for  Elizabeth's  obstinate  perseverance  in  a  state  of  virginity. 

The  four  last  years  of  Queen  Mary's  reign,  which  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
passed  at  Hatfield  with  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  were  by  far  the  most  agreeable  part 
of  her  time  during  that  turbulent  period.  For  although  she  must  have  been 
often  disquieted  with  many  secret  fears  and  apprehensions,  yet  she  was  here 
perfectly  at  liberty,  and  treated  with  a  due  regard  to  her  birth  and  expectations. 
In  the  mean  time,  to  prevent  suspicions,  she  prudently  declined  interfering  in 
any  sort  of  business,  and  abandoned  herself  entirely  to  books  and  amusements5. 
The  pleasures  of  solitude  and  retirement  were  now  become  habitual  to  her  mind ; 
and  she  principally  .employed  herself  in  playing  on  the  lute  or  virginals, 
embroidering  with  gold  and  silver,  reading  Greek  and  translating  Italian.  She 
was  now  continuing  to  profess  that  character  which  her  Brother  Edward  gave 
her,  when  he  used  to  call  her  his  sweet  Sister  Temperance6.  But  she  was  soon 
happily  removed  to  a  Reign  of  unparalleled  magnificence  and  prosperity7. 

1  Burghley's  State  Papers,  by  Haynes,  p.  367.  9  Ibid.  p.  371. 

3  Camd.  Eliz.  p.  269,  per  Hearne.  *  Diet.  Artie.  Elizabeth. 

5  Burnet,  Hist.  Ref.  ubi  supr.  p.  363.  6  Camd.  Eliz.  per  Hearne,  Apparat.  vol.  i.  p.  14. 

7  "Nicholas  Heath,  Archbishop  of  York,  a  rigid  Catholic,  but  a  person  distinguished  by  the  mildness 
and  humanity  of  his  conduct,  was  appointed  Chancellor  by  Queen  Mary  upon  the  death  of  Gardiner ; 

and  held  that  high  office  till  the  conclusion  of  that  Reign ;  when  having readily  proposed 

Elizabeth  to  the  Parliament  as  Successor  to  the  Throne,  he  voluntarily  resigned  the  Seals,  and  sub- 
mitting to  the  sentence  of  deprivation  with  the  utmost  patience,  retired  to  his  manor  of  Cobham  in 
Surrey ;  *  where,'  says  Camden,  '  the  Queen,  with  whom  he  was  in  great  grace,  visited  him  many 
times  with  her  kindness.' "     H<=  ^:~j  =--  *  <-£>      t  nrl»re.  vol.  I.  p.  213. 


*28 

Letter  from  the  Princess  Elizabeth  to  King  Edward  VI.  upon  his 

desiring  to  have  her  Picture  l. 

"  Like  as  the  rich  man  that  daily  gathered  riches  to  riches,  and  to  one  bag  of 
money  layeth  a  great  sort,  till  it  come  to  infinite.  So  methinks  your  Majesty, 
not  being  sufficed  with  many  benefits  and  gentleness  shewed  to  me  afore  this  time, 
doth  now  increase  them  in  asking  and  desiring,  where  you  may  bid  and  com- 
mand ;  requiring  a  thing  not  worthy  the  desiring  for  itself,  but  made  worthy  for 
your  Highness'  request.  My  Picture  I  mean  ;  in  which  if  the  inward  good  mind 
toward  your  Grace  might  as  well  be  declared,  as  the  outward  face  and  countenance 
shall  be  seen,  I  would  not  have  tarried  the  commandment,  but  prevented  it,  nor 
have  been  the  last  to  grant,  but  the  first  to  offer  it.  For  the  face  I  grant  I  might 
well  blush  to  offer,  but  the  mind  I  shall  never  be  ashamed  to  present.  But 
though  from  the  grace  of  the  picture  the  colours  may  fade  by  time,  may  give  by 
weather,  may  be  spited  by  chance;  yet  the  other,  nor  Time  with  his  swift  wings 
shall  overtake,  nor  the  misty  clouds  with  their  lowering  may  darken,  nor  Chance 
with  her  slippery  foot  may  overthrow. 

"  Of  this  also  yet  a  proof  could  not  be  great,  because  the  occasions  have  been  so 
small;  notwithstanding  as  a  dog  hath  a  day,  so  may  I  perchance  have  time  to 
declare  it  by  deeds,  which  now  I  do  write  them  but  in  words.  And,  further,  I 
shall  humbly  beseech  your  Majesty,  that  when  you  shall  look  on  my  Picture,  you 
-will  witsafe  to  think,  that  as  you  have  but  the  outward  shadow  of  the  body  afore 
you,  so  my  inward  mind  wisheth  that  the  body  itself  were  oftener  in  your  presence. 
Howbeit,  because  both  my  so  being  I  think  could  do  your  Majesty  little  pleasure, 
though  myself  great  good :  and  again,  because  I  see  as  yet  not  the  time  agreeing 
thereunto,  I  shall  learn  to  follow  this  saying  of  Horace,  Feras  non  culpes  quod 
vitari  non  potest.  And  thus  I  will  (troubling  your  Majesty  I  fear),  and  with  my 
humble  thanks ;  beseeching  God  long  to  preserve  you  to  his  honour,  to  your  com- 
fort, to  the  Realm's  profit,  and  to  my  joy.  From  Hatfield2,  this  15th  day  of  May. 
"  Your  Majesty's  most  humble  Sister  and  Servant,         Elizabeth." 

'  Copied  from  the  Cotton  MSS.  Strype's  Ecclesiastical  Memorials,  vol.  II.  p.  234.  No  year,  but 
not  long  after  1550,  in  which  year  Edward  VI.  made  over  to  Elizabeth  the  manor  of  Hatfield  Epis- 
copi,  alias  Regis,  late  parcel  of  the  possession  of  the  Bishop  of  Ely. 

1  In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  LIX.  p.  1186,  is  engraved  a  fac-simile  of  the  three  concluding 
lines  of  a  Latin  Letter  from  (he  Princess  Elizabeth  to  her  Royal  Brother,  with  his  Autograph,  dated 
"  Hathldia:,  2°  Februarii." 

VOL.  I.  E  3 


*29 

The  following  Letter  (taken  from  a  MS.)  is  not  dated  ;  but  was  evidently  written 
in  1554,  whilst  the  Princess  was  in  gentle  durance  at  Woodstock  l. 
"Good  Mr.  Vice-chamberlayne2. 

"This  messenger,  your  servant,  having  geeven  me  somelittell  warnyng  to  waite 
on  you,  I  have  adventured  to  trouble  you  with  my  ill-written  Letter,  false 
Englyshe,  and  matter  as  littell  to  be  regarded  as  the  profession  of  her  good  will 
that  wrote  it,  who  is,  herselfe,  littell  or  nothing  worthe.  Neverthelesse,  when. I 
remember  your  courtesie  offered,  even  then  when  Fortune  most  shewed  her  des- 
pight  against  me,  I  am  persuaded  a  certaine  planet  raigned,  that  then  assured  me, 
and  so  doeth  still,  that  I  should  receave  some  good  of  you,  though  the  stormes  of 
my  ill  fortune,  having  shed  since,  many  droppes,  vntimely  for  me,  to  gather  fruyte 
of  your  favour.  I  have  nothing  to  present  you  with,  butt  the  thought  of  the 
harte  by  the  pens  descriptions,  in  what  thankfull  manner  I  take  your  good  and 
kyndlie  offer  to  doo  me  pleasure,  houlding  that  opinion  of  your  greate  vertue,  that  I 
have  ever  conceaved,  wch  is,  that  you  love  faithfull  playne  deallynge,  and  hate  dis- 
simulation. I  am  greevouslie  sorry  for  her  Matie's  heavy  displeasure,  so  kyndled 
against  me,  as  I  heare  it  is.  Yf  God  will  make  my  prayers  worthie  to  enter  into 
His  eares,  I  will  with  all  lowlynes  of  mynde,  incessantly  beseech  Hym  to  prosper 
her  estate  ;  and  for  my  offence,  wdl  shee  supposeth  to  be  haynous  in  her  Judge- 
ment, and  instelie  deservynge  her  disfavour ;  I  appeale  to  the  Highest,  that  is  best 
able  to  looke  into  the  bottome  of  my  hart,  whether  my  innocencie  have  not 
alwaies  dreaded  only  to  conceave  so  muche  as  an  ill  thought  of  her.  God  blesse 
her,  and  give  me  grace  to  serve  Him,  that  by  His  goodness  it  may  playnely  appere 
vnto  her  howe  uniustly  I  am  afflicted  with  her  disgrace  and  indignation.  It  shall 
make  me  lesse  careful  1  then  I  have  been  (but  only  for  duytie  sake)  for  that  lyfe  of 
courtinge:  but  Countrywoman,  or  Courtier,  as  longe  as  Mr.  Vice-chamberlayne 
will  doo  me  the  honor  to  iudge  me  worthie  to  be  esteemed  an  honest  poore  frende, 
I  will  ever,  with  all  honor  that  any  toung  can  expresse,  thinck  I  doo  righte  to  my- 
selfe  in  geaving  you  that  wch  your  vertew  deserveth. 

"Yours,  as  ever  vowed  during  lyfe,  Elizabeth,  Prisoner. 

"  Post*.  I  hope,  Sir,  that  if  a  poore  pylgryme,  wandering  in  the  Parke  wth  a 
long  bowe,  shute  at  rovers  and  hitt  a  buck  where  the  signe  is,  and  die  of  it,  you 
will  not  make  it  a  pretended  murther." 

1  "  On  the  first  day  of  her  journey  towards  Woodstock,  Elizabeth  was  taken  to  Richmond.  At  this 
place  her  peculiar  servants  were  dismissed  from  attendance.  On  taking  leave  she  called  them  together, 
and  desired  them  to  pray  for  her,  for  this  night,"  said  she,  "  1  think  I  must  die."  The  servants  broke 
into  tears  and  exclamations,  and.  the  Gentlemen  Usher  went  unto  the  Lord  Thame  in  the  Court, 
desiring  him  unfeignedly  to  shew  whether  his  Lady  and  Mistress  that  night  were  in  danger  of  death, 
whereby  himself  and  fellows  might  take  such  part  as  God  would  appoint.  "  Marry,  God  forbid  !" 
quoth  my  Lord  Williams  of  Thame,  « that  any  such  wickedness  should  be  intended,  which  rather  than 
it  should  be  wrought,  I  and  my  men  will  die  at  her  feet."     Speed. 

*  Sir  Francis  Jernegan  was  Vice-chamberlain  to  Queen  Mary. 


&UEEN    ELIZABETH    AT    HATFIELD,    1558.  $9 

Queen  Mary  died  November  the  seventeenth,  15 88,  about  eleven  or  twelve 
o'clock  aforenoon.  Upon  the  accession  of  the  new  Queen,  it  does  not  appear  that 
Sir  Thomas  Pope  was  continued  in  the  Privy  Council.  This  circumstance  may 
justly  be  interpreted  to  his  honour.  Elizabeth,  to  prevent  an  alarm  among  the 
partisans  of  the  Catholic  Communion,  had  prudently  retained  thirteen  of  Mary's 
Privy  Counsellors.  These  were,  Heath,  Archbishop  of  York  and  Lord  Chancellor ; 
the  Marquis  of  Winchester,  Lord  Treasurer ;  the  Earls  of  Arundel,  Shrewsbury, 
Pembroke,  and  Derby ;  the  Lords  Clinton,  and  Howard  ;  Sir  Thomas  Cheyney, 
Sir  William  Petre,  Sir  John  Mason,  Sir  Richard  Sackville,  and  Doctor  Wootton, 
Dean  of  York  and  Canterbury  l.  But  most  of  these  had  complied  with  all  the 
changes  which  were  made  in  the  National  Religion  since  the  latter  end  of  Henry's 
reign  ;  and  were  such  dextrous  adepts  in  the  fashionable  art  of  adapting  their 
principles  to  the  variable  complexion  of  the  times,  that  they  were  still  employed 
in  every  new  revolution2. 

The  Lady  Elizabeth  was  proclaimed  Queen  by  divers  Heralds  of  Arms, 
trumpets  sounding,  and  many  of  the  chiefest  of  the  Nobility  present,  as  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Lord  Treasurer,  the  Earls  of  Shrewsbury  and  Bedford  ; 
also  the  Lord  Mayor  and  his  Brethren  the  Aldermen,  with  many  others  3.  In 
the  afternoon  the  bells  in  all  the  churches  in  London  rung  in  token  of  joy ;  and 
at  night  bonfires  were  made,  and  tables  set  out  in  the  streets,  where  was  plentiful 
eating  and  drinking,  and  making  merry.  The  next  day  being  Friday,  it  was 
not  thought  decent  to  make  public  rejoicings,  out  of  respect,  I  suppose,  to 
the  day,  being  a  fasting^day.  But  on  the  next,  viz.  Saturday,  November  19, 
Te  Deum  Laudamus  was  sung  and  said  in  the  churches  of  London.  Thus 
the  satisfaction  generally  conceived  by  the  people  for  this  new  Queen  superseded 
all  outward  appearances  o    sorrow  for  the  loss  of  the  old  one. 

The  Lady  Elizabeth  was  at  her  seat  at  Hatfield  when  Queen  Mary  died. 
Thither  some  great  persons  forthwith  repaired  to  her ;  namely,  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke;  Lord  Clinton,  Lord  Admiral;  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  Lord  Chamberlain; 
which  three,  with  Sir  Thomas  Parry,  Sir  William  Cecil,  Sir  Ambrose  Cave,  Sir 
Ralph  Sadleir  (who  was  sent  from  the  Lords  at  London),  and  Sir  Richard  Sackville, 

1  Burnet,  Reformat,  ii.  375. 

■  Thus  far  principally  from  Wanon's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope 

3  What  follows,  is  taken  partly  from  Strype,  and  partly  from  Holinshed ;  which  occasions  some 
slight  repetitions. 


30  auEEN  Elizabeth's  council  at  hatfield,  1558. 

sat  at  Hatfield  in  Council  with  her,  being  the  first  Privy  Council  she  held.  (Yet 
the  Lords  of  the  deceased  Queen's  Council  sat  at  London.)  The  chief  matters 
then  done  were,  that  Sir  Thomas  Parry,  Knight,  aforesaid,  who  had  been  a  servant 
much  about  her,  was  by  her  command,  and  in  her  presence,  declared  the  Comp- 
troller of  her  Houshold,  and  sworn  of  her  Privy  Council ;  Sir  Edward  Rogers, 
Knight,  her  Vice-Chamberlain,  and  Captain  of  her  Guard,  and  one  of  her  Privy 
Council;  Sir  William  Cecyl,  Knight,  her  Principal  Secretary,  and  one  of  her 
Privy  Council.  And  letters  were  dispatched  by  this  present  Council,  to  Dr. 
Walter  Haddon  to  repair  thither :  and  in  like  manner  to  John  Norris,  Esq.  late 
Gentleman  Usher  of  the  deceased  Queen's  Privy  Chamber. 

The  next  day,  viz.  Nov.  21,  the  Earl  of  Bedford  came  to  Hatfield,  and  sat  in 
Council  with  the  rest  before  named. 

November  22.  The  Queen  and  Council,  still  at  Hatfield,  are  taking  care  of 
her  remove  to  London  ;  and  considering  what  noble  persons  to  have  present. 
Whereof  the  Marquis  of  Winchester,  and  the  Earls  of  Shrewsbury  and  Derby, 
were  sent  for  by  a  letter1;  in  which  were  inclosed  the  names  of  such  other 
Noblemen  as  her  Highness  thought  good  to  attend  upon  her  to  London2 ;  and  the 
Archbishop  of  York,  with  Sir  William  Petre,  and  Sir  John  Mason,  appointed  in 
the  interim  to  transact  any  urgent  business  emerging. 

Cardinal  Pole,  who  died  at  his  Palace  at  Lambeth,  November  19,  between  five 
and  six  in  the  morning  (or  about  three,  according  to  the  Author  of  the  British 
Antiquities),  lay  there  till  the  Council  gave  order  for  his  burial,  both  as  to  the 
time  and  place.  And  his  corpse  being  intended  and  allowed  to  be  interred 
at  Canterbury,  Seignor  Prioli  his  executor  requested  the  Queen  and  Council, 
that  two  Bishops  of  the  Cardinal's  great  acquaintance,  and  who  formerly  had 
adhered  to  him  when  he  was  an  exile,  might  attend  his  funerals,  namely,  Pate 
Bishop  of  Worcester,  and  Goldwell  (who  had  been  his  Chaplain)  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph.  Whereupon  a  letter,  dated  the  latter  end  of  November,  was  directed 
from  the  Council,  then  at  the  Charter-house,  to  the  said  Bishops,  signifying  that 
it  was  the  Queen's  pleasure  they  should  attend  upon  the  said  funerals,  according 
to  Seignor  Prioli's  request ;  which  two  Bishops  perhaps  performed,  the  one  the 
Latin,  the  other  the  English  oration  pronounced  at  his  funeral. 

November  the  20th,  Maurice  Griffin  Bishop  of  Rochester,  and   Parson   of 
St.  Magnus  on  London-Bridge,  dyed.     November  30,  he  was  carried  from  his 
1  Printed  hereafter  in  p.  35.  *  See  p.  37. 


THE    ftUEEN's    REMOVAL    FROM    HATFIELD,    1558-  3* 

place  in  Southwark  unto  the  said  church ;  and  had  a  herse  of  wax,  and  five 
dozen  of  pensils,  and  the  quire  hung  with  black,  and  with  his  arms ;  two  white 
branches,and  two  dozen  oftorches,  and  two  Heralds  of  Arms  attending:  Sir  William 
Petre  chief  mourner,  Sir  William  Garret,  Mr.  Low,  and  divers  others,  mourners. 
Twelve  poor  men  with  black  gowns,  and  twelve  of  his  men  bearing  torches, 
waited.  White  Lord  Bishop  of  Winchester  preached  his  funeral  sermon.  The 
funeral  was  adorned  with  a  great  banner  of  Arms,  and  four  banners  of  Saints,  and 
eight  dozen  of  escutcheons.  And  after  he  was  buried,  they  all  repaired  to  his 
Place  to  dinner. 


On  Wednesdaie  the  three  and  twentith  of  November,  the  Queenes  Majestie 
removed  from  Hatfield  unto  the  Charter-house  in  London,  where  she  lodged  in 
the  Lord  North's  house l :  in  which  removing,  and  coming  thus  to  the  Citie,  it  might 
well  appeare  how  comfortable  hir  presence  was  to  them  that  went  to  receive  hir 
on  the  waie,  and  likewise  to  the  great  multitudes  of  people  that  came  abroad  to  see 
hir  Grace,  shewing  their  rejoicing  harts  in  countenance  and  words,  with  heartie 
prayers  for  her  Majesties  prosperous  estate  and  preservation :  which,  no  doubt, 
were  acceptable  to  God,  as  by  the  sequel  of  things  it  may  certenlie  be  believed. 

1  "  On  the  accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  the  Throne,  she  did  Lord  North  the  honour  to  reside 
for  some  days  at  Charter-house ;  but  this  seems  rather  to  have  been  done  out  of  regard  to  the  largeness 
of  Charter-house,  and  the  conveniency  of  its  situation,  than  out  of  respect  to  Lord  North ;  for  he  was 
dismissed  from  the  Privy  Council,  and  very  prudently  retired  to  mind  his  own  private  affairs  ;  and  died 
the  31st  of  December,  1564.  His  son  R.oger  Lord  North  sold  Charter-house  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
for  gS.cZ500  on  the  31st  day  of  May  following,  except  that  part  on  the  East  side  of  the  chapel,  which 
was  then  the  mansion-house  of  Lord  North,  and  is  now  Rutland-court,  and  the  houses  adjoining  on 
to  Goswell  street.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk  made  Charter-house  his  place  of  residence  in  town,  till 
committed  to  the  Tower  in  1569,  for  his  projected  marriage  with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  And  being 
enlarged  from  it  in  1570,  on  his  promise  never  to  think  more  of  that  match,  he  was  remitted  to 
Charter-house,  under  the  gentle  confinement  of  Sir  Henry  Nevil.  But  the  Duke  unhappily  resuming 
it  again,  was  again  committed  to  the  Tower ;  and  the  cypher  of  his  correspondence  was  found  hid 
under  the  tiles  of  the  roof  of  Charter-house,  and  some  particular  papers  decyphered  by  the  Duke's 
Secretary  Hickford,  which  he  had  ordered  him  to  burn,  under  the  matt  leading  to  the  Duke's  bed- 
chamber, which,  produced  at  the  trial,  sorelv  confounded  the  unfortunate  Duke,  and  contributed  not 
a  little  to  the  lo9s  of  his  head.  But  the  safety  of  the  State  being  secured  by  his  death,  Queen  Elizabeth 
was  pleased  to  restore  the  Family  in  blood,  and  to  the  estate  ;  and  Charter-house  came  to  the  share  of 
Lord  Thomas  Howard,  the  Duke's  second  son,  but  eldest  by  his  second  Duchess  Margaret  daughter  of 
Lord  Audley."     Bearcroft's  History  of  the  Charter-house,  p.  201. 


32  THE    ftUEEN's    PROGRESS    THROUGH    LONDON,    I558. 

On  Mondaie  the  eight  and  twentieth  of  November,  about  two  of  the  clocke  in 
the  afternoone,  hir  Grace  removed  againe,  and  taking  her  chariot,  rode  from  my 
Lord  North's  house  alongst  Barbican,  and  entering  by  Criplegate  into  the  citie, 
kept  along  the  wall  to  Bishopsgate,  and  so  by  Blanch  Chapelton  into  Marke  Lane. 
At  hir  entering  into  Blanch  Chapelton,  the  artillerie  in  the  Tower  began  to  go  off, 
continually  shooting  for  the  space  almost  of  halfe  an  houre,  but  yet  had  made  an 
end  before  hir  Majestie  was  advanced  to  Berkin  church ;  and  so  with  great  joie 
and  prease  of  people,  of  whom  all  the  streets  were  full  as  she  passed,  declared 
their  inward  rejoisings  by  gesture,  words,  and  countenance,  she  entered  the  Tower, 
where  she  continued  till  the  fift  of  December,  being  Mondaie,  on  the  which  daie 
she  removed  by  water  unto  Summerset-place  in  the  Strond,  where  she  arrived 
about  ten  of  the  clocke  in  the  forenoone  of  the  same  daie. 

These  were  the  several  removes  of  the  Queen,  before  she  came  to  the  Palace  at 
Westminster  :  and  she  sat  in  Council  every  day,  except  her  days  of  travelling. 
She  sat  first  in  Council  at  Hatfield  (where  she  was  saluted  Queen)  November  the 
20,  21,  22.  The  next  day,  being  the  23d,  she  removed  towards  London,  attended 
with  a  thousand  or  more,  of  Lords,  Knights,  Gentlemen,  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  ; 
and  came  to  the  Charter-house,  then  the  Lord  North's  Place ;  where  the  Archbishop 
of  York,  and  the  Earls  of  Shrewsbury  and  Derby,  came  to  her.  Here  she  remained 
six  days,  and  sat  in  Council  November  24,  25,  26*,  27,  28.  Her  next  remove 
thence  was  to  the  Tower,  which  was  on  the  28th  day  of  November.  All  the 
streets  she  was  to  pass,  even  to  the  Tower,  were  new  gravelled.  And  so  she  rid 
through  Barbican  and  Cripplegate,  and  along  London  Wall  unto  Bishopsgate, 
and  thence  up  to  Leaden  Hall,  and  so  through  Grasschurch-street  and  Fanchurch- 
street,  turning  down  Mark-lane  into  Tower-street,  and  so  to  the  Tower.  Before 
her  rode  many  Gentlemen,  Knights  and  Nobles,  after  them  came  the  Trumpeters 
blowing ;  then  all  the  Heralds  in  array,  my  Lord  Mayor  '  holding  the  Queen's 
sceptre,  riding  with  Garter:  my  Lord  of  Pembroke  bare  the  Queen's  sword. 
Then  came  her  Grace  on  horseback,  apparelled  in  purple  velvet,  with  a  scarf 
about  her  neck  ;  the  Serjeants  of  Arms  being  about  her  person.  Next  after  her 
rode  Sir  Robert  Dudley  (afterwards  Earl  of  Leicester)  Master  of  her  Horse ;  and 
so  the  Guard  with  halberds.  There  was  great  shooting  of  guns,  the  like  was 
never  heard  before.     In  certain  places  stood  children,  who  made  speeches  to  her 

1  Sir  Thomas  Leigh  was  then  Lord  Mayor. 


GIUEEN   ELIZABETH    AT   SOMERSET-HOUSE,    I558.  33 

as  she  passed  ;  and  in  other  places  was  singing  and  playing  with  regals.  Here  at 
the  Tower  she  lay  until  the  5th  of  December,  which  was  the  eve  of  St.  Nicholas. 
The  1,  2,  and  4th  of  which  month,  with  the  last  day  of  the  month  preceding, 
were  Council-days  there. 

Then,  December  the  5th,  she  removed  a  little  nearer  to  Westminster,  viz.  to 
the  Strand-house,  or  Somerset-house  \  going  by  water,  and  shooting  the  bridge  2 ; 
trumpets  sounding,  much  melody  accompanying,  and  universal  expressions  of 
joy  among  the  people.  Here  she  sat  also  in  Council  daily,  viz.  December  5,  6*,  8, 
Q,  10,  11,  12,  13,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22.  And  now  at  last  she  came  to 
Westminster l ;  that  is,  the  23d  day  of  December ;  where  she  kept  her  Christmas, 
and  continued  all  the  ensuing  winter ;  her  first  Parliament  then  sitting  there :  and 
where  she  was  in  April,  1559. 

On  Thursdaie  between  two  and  three  in  the  morning,  the  eighth  of  December 
1558,  died  in  the  Tower  of  London,  that  honorable  man  Sir  Thomas  Cheineie, 
Knight  of  the  Order,  Treasurer  of  hir  Majesties  most  honourable  Houshold,  Warden 
of  the  Cinque  Ports,  and  of  hir  Highnesse  Privie  Councill. 

December  the  10th,  the  late  Queen  Mary  was  brought  out  of  her  chapel 
(where  her  corpse  had  been  laid)  with  all  the  Heralds,  Lords  and  Ladies,  Gentlemen 
and  Gentlewomen  attending,  and  all  her  Officers  and  Servants  in  black ;  and 
brought  to  St.  James's. 

The  thirteenth  of  December,  being  Tuesdaie,  the  corps  of  Queene  Marie  was 
honorablie  conveyed  from  hir  manor  of  S.  James,  unto  the  Abbeie  of  Westminster. 
Hir  picture  was  laid  on  the  coffin,  apparelled  in  her  roiall  robes,  with  a  crown  of 
gold  set  on  the  head  thereof  after  a  solemne  manner. 

She  was  brought  from  St.  James's,  says  Strype,  in  great  state,  in  a  chariot  with 
an  image  resembling  her,  covered  with  crimson  velvet,  her  crown  on  her  head, 
and  sceptre  in  her  hand,  and  many  goodly  rings  on  her  fingers.  And  so  she  was 
attended  along  Charing-cross  to  Westminster-abbey. 

In  the  Abbeie  was  a  rich  and  sumptuous  hearse  prepared  and  set  up  with  wax, 
and  richlie  decked  with  penons,  baners,  and  scutchions,  of  the  armes  of  England 
and  France,  under  which  hearse  the  corpse  rested  all  that  night ;  and  the  next  day 
it  was  brought  into  the  new  Chappel,  where  King  Henry  the  Seventh  lieth,  and 
was  interred  there  in  the  Chappel  on  the  North  side. 

1  See  hereafter  under  the  year  1564. 

9  This  is  an  improper  expression  of  the  Historiographer,  as  she  was  going  up  the  mer. 
VOL.  I.  F 


34  THE    ftUEEN's    PASSAGE    BY    WATER    TO    THE   TOWER,    1 558-9. 

December  the  14th  was  the  Queen's  Mass  said,  and  all  offered  at  the  High-altar, 
The  Bishop  of  Winchester  preached  her  funeral  sermon. 

The  four  and  twentith  of  December,  being  the  Even  of  the  Nativitie  of  our 
Lord,  was  a  solemne  obsequie  kept  in  the  Abbeie  Church  of  Westminster,  for 
Charles  the  Fifth  late  Emperour,  who  departed  this  life  in  September  last,  the  one 
and  twentith  of  the  same  moneth,  in  the  Monasterie  of  S.  Justus  in  Castile. 

The  28th,  Christopherson  Bishop  of  Chichester  was  buried  at  Christ-church, 
London,  with  all  the  Popish  ceremonies.  A  great  banner  was  carried  of  the  arms 
of  the  See  of  Chichester,  and  his  own  arms ;  and  four  banners  of  Saints.  Five 
Bishops  did  offer  at  the  Mass,  and  two  sung  Mass.  And  after,  all  retiring  from 
the  place  of  burial,  were  entertained  at  a  great  dinner. 

In  Christmas  week  scaffolds  began  to  be  made  in  divers  places  of  the  City,  for 
pageants  against  the  day  the  Queen  was  to  pass  through  to  her  Coronation,  which 
was  to  be  January  14,  and  the  conduits  to  be  new  painted  and  beautified. 

On  Sundaie  the  first  of  Januarie,  by  vertue  of  the  Queenes  Proclamation,  the 
English  Litanie  was  read,  accordingly  as  was  used  in  hir  Graces  Chappell,  in 
churches,  through  the  Citie  of  London.  And  likewise  the  Epistle  and  Gospell  of 
the  daie  began  to  be  read  in  the  same  churches  at  Masse-time  in  the  English 
toong,  by  commandement  given  by  the  Lord  Maior,  according  to  the  tenour  of  the 
same  Proclamation,  published  the  thirtith  of  the  last  month. 

On  Thursdaie  the  twelfe  of  Januarie  1558-9,  the  Queenes  Majestie  removed  from 
hir  Palace  of  Westminster  by  water  unto  the  Tower  of  London ;  the  Lord  Maior  and 
Aldermen  in  their  barge,  and  all  the  Citizens  with  their  barges  decked  and  trimmed 
with  targets  and  banners  of  their  mysteries  accordingly  attend  on  hir  Grace.  The 
Bachellers  barge  of  the  Lord  Maiors  Companie,  to  wit,  the  Mercers,  had  their  barge 
with  a  foist  trimmed  with  three  tops,  and  artillery  aboord,  gallantlie  appointed  to 
wait  upon  them,  shooting  off  lustilie  as  they  went,  with  great  and  pleasant 
melodie  of  instruments,  which  plaied  in  most  sweet  and  heavenlie  maner.  Hir 
Grace  shut  the  Bridge  about  two  of  the  clocke  in  the  afternoone,  at  the  still  of  the 
ebbe,  the  Lord  Maior  and  the  rest  following  after  hir  barge,  attending  the  same, 
till  her  Majestie  took  land  at  the  Privie  Staires  at  the  Tower  Wharfe  :  and  then 
the  said  Lord  Maior  with  the  other  barges  returned,  passing  through  the  Bridge 
again  with  the  floud,  and  landed  at  the  wharfe  of  the  Three  Cranes  in  the  Vintrie. 

On  the  13th  day  the  Queen  made  Knights  of  the  Bath  within  the  Tower. 


THE    GtUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,    155&-9-  $5 

On  the  14th  she  came  in  a  chariot  from  the  Tower,  with  all  the  Lords  and  Ladies, 
all  in  crimson  velvet,  and  their  horses  trapped  with  the  same ;  and  Trumpeters  in 
scarlet  gowns  blowing  their  trumpets,  and  all  the  Heralds  in  their  coat  armour ; 
the  streets  every  where  laid  over  with  gravel.  The  City  was  at  very  great  charge 
to  express  their  love  and  joy,  in  the  magnificent  scaffolds  and  pageants  they  had 
erected,  in  adorning  the  conduits,  appointing  musick,  preparing  speeches  and 
verses  to  be  said  to  her;  which  the  Queen  took  very  well,  and  promised  to 
remember  it :  besides  the  present  of  a  purse  of  a  thousand  marks  in  gold,  which 
they  presented  her  at  the  Little  Conduit  in  Cheap,  where  the  Aldermen  sat ;  and 
the  Recorder,  in  the  name  of  the  City,  made  a  speech  to  her.  But  a  full  relation 
of  all  the  splendor  of  this  day  may  be  seen  in  the  subsequent  pages. 

Yet  let  me  mention  one  particular,  as  having  some  more  special  respect  to 
religion.  In  a  pageant  erected  near  the  said  Little  Conduit  in  the  upper  end  of 
Cheapside,  an  old  man  with  a  scythe  and  wings,  representing  Time,  appeared, 
coming  out  of  a  hollow  place  or  cave,  leading  another  person  all  clad  in  white 
silk,  gracefully  apparelled,  who  represented  Truth  (the  daughter  of  Time) ; 
which  lady  had  a  book  in  her  hand,  on  which  was  written  Verbum  Veritatis, 
i.  e.  The  Word  of  Truth.  It  was  the  Bible  in  English  :  which,  after  a  Speech 
made  to  the  Queen,  Truth  reached  down  towards  her,  which  was  taken  and 
brought  by  a  gentleman  attending,  to  her  hands.  As  soon  as  she  received  it, 
she  kissed  it,  and  with  both  her  hands  held  it  up:  and  then  laid  it  upon  her  breast, 
greatly  thanking  the  City  for  that  present ;  and  said,  she  would  often  read  over 
that  Booh.  Which  passage  shews  a  swell  how  the  Citizens  stood  affected  to 
Religion  (notwithstanding  the  persecution  that  had  raged  among  them  for  some 
years  before),  as  what  hopes  the  kingdom  might  entertain  of  the  Queen's  favour 
towards  it. 


LETTER  FROM  LORDS  OF  THE  COUNCIL. 

To  our  verie  good  Lords  the  Marques  of  Winchester  and  the  Eorles  of 
Shrewsbury  and  Derby. 

"  After  or  right  hartie  commendacons  to  yor  good  Lordshippes,  where  the  Quene's 
Matie  mindeth,  God  willing,  to  take  her  jorney  upon  Weinsday  next  to  London, 
her  Highnes  plesr  is,  that  yor  Lordshippes  shall  bothe  put  yor  selfs  in  a  redines 
to  attend  her  Matie  thither,  wth  all  yor  saunts  and  traine,  and  also  give  warning  to 
all  suche  Noblemen  remayning  pntly  at  London,  whose  names  ye  shall  receve  in  a 


36  THE    ftUEEN's   PUBLIC   PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-0. 

schedule  inclosed,  to  do  the  like.  Th'order  of  your  setting  forth,  and  what  elles 
her  Matie  willeth  to  be  done  herein,  yor  LL.  shall  understande  by  or  loving  frende 
Sr  Ralph  Sadler,  who  repaireth  unto  you  for  this  purpose ;  and,  for  that  there 
should  not  in  th'absence  of  your  LL.  and  the  reste,  wante  suche  as  shoulde  se  to 
the  good  order  of  things  there,  her  Maties  pleasr  is,  that  or  very  good  Lorde  th' 
Archebisshop  of  Yorke  shall  remane  in  London,  and  call  unto  him,  in  all  matters 
requisite  for  the  presvacon  of  order,  or  loving  frendes  Sr  Wiltm  Petre  and  Sr  John 
Mason,  and  to  conferre  wth  them  therein,  wch  her  Highnes'  pleasure  we  pray  you 
to  signifye  his  Grace.  And  so  we  bid  yor  good  Lordshippes  right  heartely 
farewell.  From  Hatfield,  the  xxith  of  November  1558. 
Yor  good  LL.  assured  loving  frends. 

Pembroke.  E.  Clynton.  W.  Howard. 

Tho.  Parry.        W.Cecil.  Amb.  Cave1." 


parsons  attendyng  upon  the  lady  Elizabeth's  grace2,  155S. 

Ladies  and  Gentlewomen.  Chapleyne. 

The  Lady  Troy.  Sr  RaufFe. 

Mystres  Chambriny.  ^  c  ,,     ^,       , 

TU;   T    j    ^     ,    .   J  Uromes  of  the  Chamber. 

I  he  Lady  Gard.  d     u    j  1?    * 

T-i       u  A.    m     j      i  Kychard  roster. 

E^yzabethe  Candyselye.  ^ilHam  R        „ 

Mary  JNorne. 

Chamberes.  Yeomen. 

Alys  Hunteremy.  Davyd  Morgan. 

Jane  Bradbelt.  Gabryell  Tenant. 

Gentylmen.  T         , 

rr,,  rr,       ,,      J  Laundres. 

1  nomas  lorrell.  *  TT  .^ 

„  ,     ,  0  Augrnes  Hylton. 

Robert  Fower.  &  J 

Rychard  Sands.  Chrystofer  Woodberer. 

1  Sir  Ambrose  Cave,  Knight.  This  Gentleman  was  one  of  those  who  owed  their  promotion  rather 
to  their  attachment  to  Elizabeth  and  her  Religion,  than  to  any  personal  merit  of  their  own.  Having 
served  the  office  of  High  Sheriff  for  Leicestershire  and  Warwickshire,  and  represented  the  latter 
County  in  two  Parliaments,  he  appeared  at  Court  on  her  accession,  and  was  sworn  of  her  Privy 
Council,  and  appointed  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.  He  was  fifth  son  of  Richard  Cave, 
of  Stanford,  in  the  County  of  Northampton,  by  his  second  wife  Margaret,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Saxby,  of  Northampton;  married  Margaret,  daughter  and  coheir  of  William  Willington,  of 
Barcheston,  in  Warwickshire,  and  died  April  2,  1568,  leaving  an  only  child  Margaret,  who  married 
Henry  Knollys,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  Francis  Knollys,  K.  G.  The  late  Rev.  Sir  Charles  Cave,  Bart, 
was  descended  from  Sir  Ambrose's  eldest  Brother.    Lodge,  vol.  I.  p.  312. 

2  From  the  Cotton  MS.  Vespasian,  C.  xiv.  , 


auEEN  Elizabeth's  attendants,  1 558-9. 


37 


NOBLEMEN   APPOINTED   TO    ATTEND    UPON   THE    ftUEENE    MAtie  AT  HER   COMING   TO 

LONDON, 1558. 


D.  of  Norfolk. 
Th'Earle  of  Oxford. 
Th'Earle  of  Worcester. 
Th'Earle  of  Rutlande. 
Th'Earle  of  Cumberlande. 
Th'Earle  of  Huntington. 
The  Viscount  Hereford. 
The  Viscount  Montague. 
The  L.  Aburgavennye. 
The  L.  Audley. 
The  L.  Morley. 
The  L.  Dacres  of  the  North. 
The  L.  Scrope. 
The  L.  Lumley. 
The  L.  Zouche. 
The  L.  Borough. 


The  L.  Vaux. 

The  L.  Dacres  of  the  South. 

The  L.  Mountegle. 

The  L.  Mountjoy. 

The  L.  Wyndesor. 

The  L.  Riche. 

The  L.  Darcye. 

The  L.  Chandos. 

The  L.  Northe. 

The  L.  Williams  of  Tame. 

The  L.  Hastings  of  Lougeborowe  l, 

The  L.  John  Grey. 

Sir  Tho.  Cheny. 

The  L.  Wharton. 

The  L.  Wylloughbye. 


THE   NAMES    OF   THE    LADYES    OF    HONOUR    NOW   BEYNGE    WITH    THE    COURT,    AND 
ABOWTE    LONDON;    EARLY    IN    THE    REIGN    OF    GLUEEN    ELIZABETH,    1558-92. 


The  Lady  Margaret  Lennenz3. 
The  La.  Fraunceys. 
TheDuchesofNorfP. 
The  Duches  of  Somerset. 
The  Countesse  of  Oxenford. 
The  Countesse  of  Worcester. 
The  Countesse  of  Rutland. 
The  Countesse  of  Huntingdon. 
The  Countesse  of  Bedford. 
The  Viscountesse  Mountague. 
The  La.  Kateryne  Grey. 
The  La.  Howard  of  Effingham. 
The  La.  Jane  Howard. 
The  La.  Elenor  Somerset. 
The  Lady  Jane  Seymour. 
The  La.  Anne  Greye. 


The  La.  Mary  Greye. 

The  La.  Anne  Warton. 

The  La.  Burgavenye. 

The  La.  Lumley. 

The  La.  Morley. 

The  La.  Clynton. 

The  La.  Wyndsor  J. 

The  La.  Sturton. 

The  La.  Latymer. 

The  La.  Dacres  of  the  South. 

The  La.  Kath.  Clynton. 

The  La.  Baylboiz,  sen. 

The  La.  Borowe,  jun. 

The  La.  Mountjoye. 

The  La.  Williams  of  Tame. 

The  La.  Northe. 


1  Loughborough.  *  From  the  unpublished  Talbot  Papers,  M.  382. 

3  Q.   Leuvens,   or  Levens ?     Perhaps  Lady  Levingston  ;    who  was  afterwards,  in  1571,  Dair.e 
of  Honour  to  Mary  .Queen  of  Scots.     See  Lodge,  vol.  II.  p.  52. 


3§  THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9- 


The  Passage  of  our  most  dr'ad  Soveraigne  Lady  Queue  Elyzabeth 
through  the  Citie  of  London  to  Westminster,  the  daye  before  her 
Coronation,  Anno  1558-9  l.  Imprinted  at  London,  in  Flete-strete, 
within  Temple-harre,  at  the  signe  of  the  Hand  and  Starr e,  hy  Richard 
Tottill,  the  xxiii  day  of  January.     Cum  privilegio. ■• 

Upon  Saturday,  which  was  the  14th  day  of  January,  in  the  yere  of  our  Lord 
God  1558,  about  two  of  the  clocke  at  afternoone,  the  most  noble  and  Christian 
Princesse,  our  most  dradde  Soveraigne  Ladye  Elyzabeth,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
Quene  of  Englande,  Fraunce,  and  Irelande,  Defendour  of  the  Faith,  &c.  marched 
from  the  Towre,  to  passe  through  the  Citie  of  London  towarde  Westminster, 
richely  furnished,  and  most  honourably  accompanied,  as  well  with  Gentlemen, 
Barons,  and  other  the  Nobilite  of  this  Realme,  as  also  with  a  notable  trayne  of 
goodly  and  beawtifull  Ladies,  richly  appoynted.  And  entryng  the  Citie  was 
of  the  People  received  marveylous  entirely,  as  appeared  by  the  assemblie, 
prayers,  wishes,  welcomminges,  cryes,  tender  woordes,  and  all  other  signes, 
which  argue  a  wonderfull  earnest  love  of  most  obedient  subjectes  towarde  theyr 
soveraigne.  And  on  thother  side,  her  Grace,  by  holding  up  her  handes,  and 
merie  countenaunce  to  such  as  stode  farre  of,  and  most  tender  and  gentle  language 
to  those  that  stode  nigh  to  her  Grace,  did  declare  herselfe  no  lesse  thankefullye 
to  receive  her  Peoples  good  wyll,  than  they  lovingly  offered  it  unto  her.  To  all 
that  wyshed  her  Grace  well,  she  gave  heartie  thankes,  and  to  such  as  bade  God 
save  her  Grace,  she  sayde  agayne  God  save  them  all,  and  thanked  them  with  all 
her  heart :  so  that  on  eyther  syde  there  was  nothing  but  gladnes,  nothing  but 
prayer,  nothing  but  comfort.  The  Quenes  Majestie  rejoysed  marvellously  to  see 
that  so  exceadingly  shewed  towarde  her  Grace,  which  all  good  Princes  have  ever 
desyred.  I  meane  so  earnest  love  of  subjectes,  so  evidently  declared  even  to  her 
Grace's  owne  person,  being  carried  in  the  middest  of  them.     The  People  again 

1  Another  edition  of  this  Tract,  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  has  this  title  :  "  The  Royal  Passage  of  her 
Majesty  from  the  Tower  of  London  to  her  Palace  of  Whitehall,  with  all  the  Speaches  and  Devices, 
both  of  the  Pageants  and  otherwise,  together  with  her  Majesties  severall  Answers,  and  most  pleasing 
Speaches  to  them  all.  Imprinted  at  London  by  S.  S.  for  Jone  Millington,  and  are  to  be  sold  at  her 
Shop  under  S.  Peter's  Church,  in  Corne-hill,  1604." 


THE    QUEEN'S    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-p.  $Q 

were  wonderfully  rauished  with  the  louing  answers  and  gestures  of  theyr  Princesse, 
like  to  the  which  they  had  before  tryed  at  her  first  comming  to  the  Towre  from 
Hatfield.  This  her  Grace's  loving  behaviour  preconceived  in  the  People's  heades 
upon  these  considerations  was  then  throughly  confirmed,  and  indede  emplanted 
a  wonderfull  hope  in  them  touchyng  her  woorthy  Governement  in  the  reste  of 
her  Reygne.  For  in  all  her  passage,  she  did  not  only  shew  her  most  gracious 
love  toward  the  people  in  generall,  but  also  privately,  if  the  baser  personages  had 
offered  her  Grace  any  flowers  or  such  like  as  a  signification  of  their  good  wyll, 
or  moved  to  her  any  sute,  she  most  gently,  to  the  common  rejoysing  of  all 
lookers  on,  and  private  comfort  of  the  partie,  staid  her  chariot,  and  heard  theyr 
requestes.  So  that  if  a  man  shoulde  say  well,  he  could  not  better  tearme  the 
Citie  of  London  that  time,  than  a  stage  wherein  was  shewed  the  wonderfull 
spectacle,  of  a  noble  hearted  Princesse  toward  her  most  loving  People,  and  the 
People's  exceding  comfort  in  beholding  so  worthy  a  Soveraigne,  and  hearing  so 
Prince  like  a  voice,  which  could  not  but  have  set  the  enemie  on  fyre,  since  the 
vertue  is  in  the  enemie  alway  commended,  much  more  could  not  but  enflame  her 
naturall,  obedient,  and  most  loving  People,  whose  vveale  leaneth  onely  uppon  her 
Grace  and  her  Governement.  Thus  therefore  the  Quenes  Majestie  passed  from 
the  Towre  till  she  came  to  Fanchurche,  the  People  on  eche  side  joyously  beholdyng 
the  viewe  of  so  gracious  a  Ladye  theyr  Quene,  and  her  Grace  no  lesse  gladly 
notyng  and  observing  the  same.  Nere  unto  Fanchurch  was  erected  a  scaffblde 
richely  furnished,  whereon  stode  a  noyes  of  instrumentes,  and  a  chylde  in  costly 
apparell,  whiche  was  appoynted  to  welcome  the  Quenes  Majestie  in  the  hole 
Cities  behalfe.  Against  which  place  when  her  Grace  came,  of  her  owne  wyll  she 
commaunded  the  chariot  to  be  stayde,  and  that  the  noyes  might  be  appeased  tyll 
the  chylde  had  uttered  his  welcomming  oration,  which  he  spake  in  English 
meter,  as  here  followeth  : 

O  pereles  Soveraygne  Quene,  behold  what  this  thy  Town 

Hath  thee  presented  with  at  thy  fyrst  entraunce  here  j 
Behold  with  how  riche  hope  she  ledeth  thee  to  thy  Crown, 

Beholde  with  what  two  gyftes  she  comforteth  thy  chere. 

The  first  i3  blessing  tonges,  which  many  a  welcome  say, 

Which  pray  thou  maist  do  wel,  which  praise  thee  to  the  sky ; 

Which  wish  to  thee  long  lyfe,  which  blesse  this  happy  day, 
Which  to  thy  kingdome  heapes,  all  that  in  tonges  can  lye. 


40       THE  QUEEN'S  PUBLIC  PROCESSION  THROUGH  LONDON,  1 558-9. 

The  second  is  true  hertes,  which  love  thee  from  their  roote, 

Whose  sute  is  tryumphe  now,  and  ruleth  all  the  game. 
Which  faithfulnes  have  wone,  and  all  untruthe  driven  out  j 

Which  skip  for  joy,  when  as  they  heare  thy  happy  name. 

Welcome  therefore,  O  Quene,  as  much  as  herte  can  thinke  j 

Welcome  agayn,  O  Quene,  as  much  as  tong  can  tell ; 
Welcome  to  joyous  tonges,  and  hartes  that  will  not  shrink : 

God  thee  preserve  we  praye,  and  wishe  thee  ever  well. 

At  which  wordes  of  the  last  line  the  hole  People  gave  a  great  shout,  wishing  with 
one  assent,  as  the  chylde  had  said.  And  the  Quenes  Majestie  thanked  most 
heartely  both  the  Citie  for  this  her  gentle  receiving  at  the  first,  and  also  the  People 
for  confirming  the  same.  Here  was  noted  in  the  Quenes  Majesties  countenance, 
during  the  time  that  the  childe  spake,  besides  a  perpetuall  attentiveness  in  her 
face,  a  marvelous  change  in  loke,  as  the  childes  wordes  touched  either  her  person, 
or  the  Peoples  tonges  or  hertes.  So  that  she  with  rejoysyng  visage  did  evidently 
declare  that  the  wordes  tooke  no  lesse  place  in  her  minde,  than  they  were  moste 
heartely  pronounced  by  the  chylde,  as  from  all  the  heartes  of  her  moste  heartie 
Citizeins.  The  same  verses  were  fastned  up  in  a  table  upon  the  scaffolde,  and  the 
Latine  thereof  likewise  in  Latine  verses,  in  another  table,  as  hereafter  ensueth  : 

Urbs  tua  quae  ingressu  dederit  tibi  munera  primo, 

O  Regina  parem  non  habitura,  vide. 
Ad  diadema  tuum,  te  spe  quam  divite  mittat, 

Quae  duo  letitiae  det  tibi  dona,  vide. 

Munus  habes  primum,  linguas  bona  multa  precantes, 

Quae  te  quum  laudant,  turn  pia  vota  sonant, 
Fcelicemque  diem  hunc  dicunt,  tibi  secula  longa 

Optant,  et  quicquid  denique  lingua  potest. 

Altera  dona  feres,  vera,  et  tui  amantia  corda, 

Quorum  gens  ludum  jam  regit  una  tuum. 
In  quibus  est  infracta  fides,  falsumque  perosa, 

Quseque  tuo  audito  nomine  lseta  salit. 

Grata  venis  igitur,  quantum  cor  concipit  ullum, 

Quantum  lingua  potest  dicere,  grata  venis. 
Cordibus  infractis,  linguisque  per  omnia  laetis 

Grata  venis :  salvam  te  velit  esse  Deus. 

Now  when  the  childe  had  pronounced  his  oration,  and  the  Quenes  Highnes 
so  thankefully  had  received  it,  she  marched  forwarde  towarde  Gracious  Streate, 


THE  aUEEN's  PUBLIC  PROCESSION  THROUGH  LONDON,  1558-9-       41 

where,  at  the  upper  ende,  before  the  signe  of  the  Egle,  the  Citie  had  erected  a 
gorgeous  and  sumptuous  arke,  as  here  followeth : 

A  stage  was  made  whiche  extended  from  thone  syde  of  the  streate  to  thother, 
richely  vawted  with  battlementes  conteining  three  portes,  and  over  the  middlemost 
was  avaunced  three  severall  stages  in  degrees.  Upon  the  lowest  stage  was  made 
one  seate  Royall,  wherein  were  placed  two  personages  representyng  Kyng  Henrie 
the  Seventh,  and  Elyzabeth  his  wyfe,  doughter  of  Kyng  Edward  the  Fourth, 
eyther  of  these  two  Princes  sitting  under  one  cloth  of  estate  in  their  seates, 
no  otherwyse  divided,  but  that  thone  of  them,  whiche  was  King  Henrie  the 
Seventh,  proceeding  out  of  the  House  of  Lancastre,  was  enclosed  in  a  Read 
Rose,  and  thother,  which  was  Quene  Elizabeth,  being  heire  to  the  House  of 
Yorke,  enclosed  with  a  Whyte  Rose,  eche  of  them  Royally  crowned,  and  decently 
apparailled  as  apperteineth  to  Princes,  with  Sceptours  in  their  hands,  and  one 
vawt  surmounting  their  heades,  wherein  aptly  were  placed  two  tables,  eche  con- 
teining the  title  of  those  two  Princes.  And  these  personages  were  so  set,  that 
the  one  of  them  joined  handes  with  thother,  with  the  ring  of  matrimonie 
perceived  on  the  finger.  Out  of  the  which  two  Roses  sprang  two  branches 
gathered  into  one,  which  were  directed  upward  to  the  second  stage  or  degree, 
wherein  was  placed  one,  representing  the  valiant  and  noble  Prynce  King  Henry 
the  Eight,  which  sprong  out  of  the  former  stock,  crowned  with  a  Crown  Imperial, 
and  by  him  sate  one  representing  the  right  worthy  Ladie  Quene  Ann,  wife  to 
the  said  King  Henry  the  Eight,  and  Mother  to  our  most  Soveraign  Ladie  Quene 
Elizabeth  that  now  is,  both  apparelled  with  Sceptours  and  Diademes,  and  other 
furniture  due  to  the  state  of  a  King  and  Queene,  and  two  tables  surmounting  their 
heades,  wherein  were  written  their  names  and  titles.  From  their  seate  also  pro- 
ceaded  upwardes  one  braunche  directed  to  the  thirde  and  uppermost  stage  or 
degree,  wherein  lykewyse  was  planted  a  seate  Royall,  in  the  whiche  was  sette  one 
representyng  the  Queenes  most  excellent  Majestie  Elizabeth  nowe  our  moste 
dradde  Soveraigne  Ladie,  crowned  and  apparalled  as  thother  Prynces  were.  Out 
of  the  foreparte  of  this  Pageaunt  was  made  a  standyng  for  a  chylde,  whiche  at 
the  Quenes  Majesties  comeing  declared  unto  her  the  hole  meaning  of  the  said 
Pageaunt.  The  two  sides  of  the  same  were  filled  with  loude  noyses  of  musicke. 
And  all  emptie  places  thereof  were  furnished  with  sentences  concerning  unitie. 
And  the  hole  Pageant  garnished  with  Redde  Roses  and  White,  and  in  the  fore- 
front of  the  same  Pageant,  in  a  faire  Wreathe,  was  written  the  name  and  title  of 

vol.  i.  G 


42  THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1 558-9- 

the  same,  which  was,.  "  The  uniting  of  the  two  Howses  of  Lancastre  and  Yorke." 
Thys  Pageant  was  grounded  upon  the  Quenes  Majesties  name.  For  like  as  the 
long  warre  betwene  the  two  Houses  of  Yorke  and  Lancastre  then  ended,  when 
Elizabeth  doughter  to  Edward  the  Fourth  matched  in  marriage  with  Henry  the 
Seventhe,  heyre  to  the  Howse  of  Lancastre ;  so  since  that  the  Quenes  Majesties 
name  was  Elizabeth,  and  forsomuch  as  she  is  the  onelye  heire  of  Henrye  the 
Eighth,  which  came  of  bothe  the  howses,  as  the  knitting  up  of  concorde,  it  was 
devised,  that  like  as  Elizabeth  was  the  first  occasion  of  concorde,  so  she,  another 
Elizabeth,  myght  maintaine  the  same  among  her  subjectes,  so  that  unitie  was  the 
ende  whereat  the  whole  devise  shotte,  as  the  Queues  Majesties  names  moved  the 
first  grounde.  Thys  Pageant  nowe  agaynste  the  Queues  Majesties  comming  was 
addressed  with  children  representing  the  forenamed  personages,  with  all  furniture 
dewe  unto  the  setting  forth  of  such  a  matter  well  ment,  as  the  argument  declared, 
costly  and  sumptuouslye  set  forth  as  the  beholder  can  beare  witnes.  Now  the 
Quenes  Majestie  drewe  neare  unto  the  sayde  Pageant,  and  forsomuche  as  the 
noyse  was  greate  by  reason  of  the  prease  of  People,  so  that  she  could  scarce  heare 
the  childe  whiche  did  interprete  the  said  Pageant,  and  her  chariot  was  passed  so 
farre  forwarde  that  she  coulde  not  well  view  the  personages  representing  the 
Kynges  and  Queenes  abovenamed  ;  she  required  to  have  the  matter  opened  unto 
her,  and  what  they  signified,  with  the  ende  of  unitie,  and  ground  of  her  name, 
according  as  is  before  expressed.  For  the  sight  whereof,  her  Grace  caused  her 
chariot  to  be  removed  back,  and  yet  hardly  could  she  see,  because  the  children 
were  set  somewhat  with  the  farthest  in. 

But  after  that  her  Grace  had  understode  the  meaning  thereof,  she  thanked  the 
Citie,  praysed  the  fairenes  of  the  worke,  and  promised  that  she  would  doe  her 
whole  endevour  for  the  continuall  preservation  of  concorde,  as  the  Pageant  did 
emport. 

The  childe  appoynted  in  the  standing  abovenamed  to  open  the  meaning  of  the 
said  Pageant,  spake  these  wordes  unto  her  Grace : 

The  two  Princes  that  sit  under  one  cloth  of  state, 

The  Man  in  the  Redde  Rose,  the  Woman  in  the  White, 

Henry  the  VII.  and  Quene  Elizabeth  his  Mate, 
By  ring  of  marriage  as  Man  and  Wife  unite. 

Both  heires  to  both  their  bloodes,  to  Lancastre  the  Kyng, 
The  Queene  to  Yorke,  in  one  the  two  Howses  did  knit ; 

Of  whom  as  heire  to  both,  Henry  the  Eighth  did  spring, 
In  whose  seat,  his  true  heire,  thou  Quene  Elisabeth  doth  sit. 


THE    GIUEEN'S   PUBLIC   PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558"9-  43 

Therefore  as  civill  warre,  and  fuede  of  blood  did  cease  • 

When  these  two  Houses  were  united  into  one, 
So  now  that  jarrs  shall  stint,  and  quietnes  encrease, 

We  trust,  O  noble  Quene,  thou  wilt  be  cause  alone. 

The  which  also  were  written  in  Latin  verses,  and  both  drawn  in  two  tables 
upon  the  forefront  of  the  saide  Pageant,  as  hereafter  followeth : 
Hii  quos  jungit  idem  solium,  quos  annulus  idem ; 

Haec  albente  nitens,  ille  rubente  rosa. 
Septimus  Henricus  Rex,  Regina  Elizabetha, 

Scilicet  hseredes  gentis  uterque  sua?. 
Haec  Eboracensis,  Lancastrius  ille  dederunt 

Connubio  e  geminis  quo  foret  una  domus. 
Excipit  hoc  hseres  Henricus  copula  regum 

Octavus,  magni  Regis  imago  potens. 
Regibus  hinc  succedis  avis  Regique  Parenti 

Patris  justa  hseres  Elizabetha  tui. 

Sentences  placed  therein  concerning  unitie. 
Nulla?  Concordes  animos  vires  domant. 
Qui  juncti  terrent,  dejuncti  timent. 
Discordes  animi  solvunt,  Concordes  ligant. 
Augentur  parva  pace,  magna  bello  cadunt. 
Conjuncta?  manus  fortius  tollunt  onus. 
Regno  pro  moenibus  a?neis  civium  concordia. 
Qui  diu  pugnant  diutius  lugent. 
Dissidentes  principes  subditorum  lues. 
Princeps  ad  pacem  natus  non  ad  arma  datur. 
Filia  concordia?  copia,  neptis  quies. 
Dissentiens  respublica  hostibus  patet. 
Qui  idem  tenent,  diutius  tenent. 
Regnum  divisum  facile  dissolvitur. 
Civitas  concors  armis  frustra  tentatur. 
Omnium  gentium  consensus  firmat  fidem,  &c. 

These  verses,  and  other  pretie  sentences,  were  drawen  in  voide  places  of  thys 
Pageant,  all  tending  to  one  ende,  that  quietnes  might  be  mainteyned,  and  all 
dissention  displaced,  and  that  by  the  Quenes  Majestie,  heire  to  agrement,  and 
agreing  in  name  with  her,  which  tofore  had  joyned  those  Houses,  which  had  ben 
thoccasion  of  much  debate  and  civill  warre  within  thys  Realme,  as  may  appeare 
to  such  as  will  searche  Cronicles,  but  be  not  to  be  touched  in  thys  treatise,  only 
declaring  her  Graces  passage  through  the  Citie,  and  what  provisyon  the  Citie 


44  THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9. 

made  therfore.  And  ere  the  Queries  Majestie  came  wythin  hearing  of  thys 
Pageaunt,  she  sent  certaine,  as  also  at  all  the  other  Pageauntes,  to  require  the 
People  to  be  silent.  For  her  Majestie  was  disposed  to  heare  all  that  shoulde  be 
sayde  unto  her. 

When  the  Quenes  Majestie  had  hearde  the  chyldes  oration,  and  understoode 
the  meanyng  of  the  Pageant  at  large,  she  marched  forward  toward  Cornehill, 
alway  received  with  lyke  rejoysing  of  the  People ;  and  there,  as  her  Grace  passed 
by  the  Conduit,  which  wes  curiously  trimmed  agaynst  that  tyme  with  riche 
banners  adourned,  and  a  noyse  of  loude  instrumentes  upon  the  top  thereof,  she 
espyed  the  seconde  Pageant ;  and  because  she  feared,  for  the  Peoples  noyse,  that 
she  shoulde  not  heare  the  child  which  dyd  expounde  the  same,  she  enquired 
what  that  Pageant  was  ere  that  she  came  to  it:  and  there  understoode,  that  there 
was  a  chylde  representing  her  Majesties  person,  placed  in  a  seate  of  Governe- 
ment,  supported  by  certayne  vertues,  which  suppressed  their  contrarie  vyces 
under  their  feete,  and  so  forthe,  as  in  the  description  of  the  sayd  Pageant  shall 
hereafter  appear. 

This  Pageant  standynge  in  the  nether  ende  of  Cornehill,  was  extended  from 
thone  syde  of  the  streate  to  the  other,  and  in  the  same  Pageant  was  devysed 
three  gates,  all  open  ;  and  over  the  middle  parte  thereof  was  erected  one  chayre, 
or  seate  Royal,  with  clothe  of  estate  to  the  same  apperteynyng,  wherein  was 
placed  a  chylde  representinge  the  Quenes  Highnesse,  with  consideracion  had  for 
place  convenient  for  a  table,  whiche  conteyned  her  name  and  tytle.  And  in  a 
comely  wreathe,  artificiallie  and  well  devised,  with  perfite  light  and  understanding 
to  the  People,  in  the  front  of  the  same  Pageant  was  written  the  name  and  title 
thereof;  which  is,  "  The  Seate  of  worthie  Governance,"  whych  seate  was  made 
in  such  artificiall  maner,  as  to  the  apperance  of  the  lookers  on,  the  forparte  semed 
to  have  no  staye,  and  therfore  of  force  was  stayed  by  lively  personages,  which 
personages  were  in  numbre  foure,  standing  and  staieng  the  forefront  of  the  same 
seate  Royall,  eche  having  his  face  to  the  Quene  and  People,  whereof  every  one 
had  a  table  to  expresse  their  effectes,  which  are  Vertues  ;  namely,  Pure  Religion, 
Love  of  Subjects.,  Wisdom,  and  Justice  :  which  did  treade  their  contrarie  Vices 
under  their  feete;  that  is  to  witte,  Pure  Religion  did  treade  upon  Superstition 
and  Ignoraunce ;  Love  of  Subjectes  did  treade  upon  Rebellion  and  Insolencie ; 
Wisdome  did  treade  upon  Follie  and  Vaine  Glorie ;  Justice  did  treade  upon 
Adulacion  and  Bribery.     Eche  of  these  personages,  according  to  their  proper 


THE    GIUEEN'S   PUBLIC   PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-0.  45 

names  and  properties,  had  not  onely  their  names  in  plaine  and  perfit  writing  set 
upon  their  breastes  easely  to  be  read  of  all,  but  also  every  of  them  was  aptly  and 
properly  apparelled,  so  that  hys  apparel!  and  name  did  agre  to  expresse  the  same 
person  that  in  title  he  represented.  This  part  of  the  Pageant  was  thus  appointed 
and  furnished.  The  two  sydes  over  the  two  side  portes  had  in  them  placed  a 
noyse  of  instrumentes,  whych  immediatelye  after  the  chyldes  speache  gave  an 
heavenlye  melodie.  Upon  the  top  or  uppermost  part  of  the  said  Pageant  stode 
the  Armes  of  England,  totally  portratured  with  the  proper  beastes  to  upholde  the 
same.  One  representing  the  Quenes  Highnes  sate  in  this  seate,  crowned  with  an 
Imperial  Crowne ;  and  before  her  seat  was  a  convenient  place  appointed  for  one 
childe,  which  did  interpret  and  applye  the  saide  Pageant  as  herafter  shall  be 
declared.  Everye  voyde  place  was  furnished  with  proper  sentences,  commendyng 
the  seate  supported  by  Vertues,  and  defacing  the  Vices,  to  the  utter  extirpation 
of  Rebellion,  and  to  everlasting  continuaunce  of  quyetnes  and  peace.  The 
Quenes  Majestie  approching  nyghe  unto  thys  Pageaunt,  thus  beawtifyed  and 
furnyshed  in  all  poyntes,  caused  her  chariot  to  bee  drawen  nyghe  thereunto,  that 
her  Grace  might  heare  the  chyldes  oration,  whiche  was  this  : 

Whyle  that  Religion  true  shall  Ignorance  suppresse, 

And,  with  her  weightye  foote,  breake  Superstition's  headj 
Whyle  Love  of  Subjectes  shall  Rebellion  distresse, 

And,  with  zeale  to  the  Prince,  Insolency  down  treade  : 

While  Justice  can  Flattering  Tonges  and  Bribery  deface, 

While  Follie  and  Vaynglorie  to  Wisdome  yeld  their  handes : 
So  long  shal  Government  not  swerve  from  her  right  race, 
But  Wrong  decayeth  still,  and  Rightwisenes  up  standes. 

Now  all  thy  Subjectes  hertes,  O  Prince  of  pereles  fame, 

Do  trust  these  Vertues  shall  maintayn  up  thy  throne, 
And  Vyce  be  kept  down  still,  the  wicked  put  to  shame, 

That  good  with  good  may  joy,  and  naught  with  naught  may  move. 

Which  verses  were  painted  upon  the  right  syde  of  the  same  Pageant,  and  the 
Latin  thereof  on  the  left  side,  in  another  table,  which  were  these: 

Quae  subnixa  alte  solio  regina  superbo  est, 

Effigiem  sanctae  principis  alma  refert, 
.Quam  civilis  amor  fulcit,  sapientia  firmat, 

Justicia  illustrat,  relligioque  beat. 
Vana  superstitio  et  crassa;  ignorantia  frontis 

Pressse  sub  pura  relligione  jacent. 


46  THE    CIUEEN'S    PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,    1 558-9. 

Regis  amor  domat  effraenos,  animosque  rebelles  ; 

Justus  adulantes  donivorosque  terit. 
Cum  regit  imperium  sapiens,  sine  luce  sedebunt 

Stultitia,  atque  hujus  numen  inanis  honor. 

Beside  these  verses,  there  were  placed  in  every  voide  rome  of  the  Pageant,  both 
in  Englishe  and  Latin,  such  sentences  as  advaunced  the  seate  of  governaunce 
upholden  by  Vertue.  The  ground  of  thys  Pageant  was,  that  like  as  by  Vertues 
(whych  doe  aboundantly  appere  in  her  Grace)  the  Quenes  Majestie  was  established 
in  the  seate  of  Governement;  so  she  should  sette  fast  in  the  same  so  long  as  she 
embraced  Vertue  and  helde  Vice  under  foote.  For  if  Vice  once  gotte  up  the 
head,  it  would  put  the  seate  of  Governement  in  peryll  of  falling. 

The  Quenes  Majestie,  when  she  had  heard  the  childe,  and  understode  the 
Pageant  at  full,  gave  the  Citie  also  thankes  there,  and  most  graciouslie  promised 
her  good  endeavour  for  the  maintenaunce  of  the  sayde  Vertues,  and  suppression 
of  Vyces  ;  and  so  marched  on  till  she  came  againste  the  Great  Conduite  in  Cheape, 
which  was  bewtified  with  pictures  and  sentences  accordinglye  against  her  Graces 
coming  thether. 

Against  Soper-lanes  ende  was  extended  from  thone  side  of  the  streate  to  thother 
a  Pageant,  which  had  three  gates,  all  open.  Over  the  middlemost  whereof  wer 
erected  three  severall  stages,  whereon  sate  eight  children,  as  hereafter  followeth : 
On  the  uppermost  one  childe,  on  the  middle  three,  on  the  lowest  foure,  eche 
having  the  proper  name  of  the  blessing  that  they  did  represent  written  in  a  table, 
and  placed  above  their  heades.  In  the  forefront  of  this  Pageant,  before  the 
children  which  did  represent  the  blessings,  was  a  convenient  standing,  cast  out 
for  a  chylde  to  stande,  which  did  expownd  the  sayd  Pageant  unto  the  Quenes 
Majestie,  as  was  done  in  thother  tofore.  Everie  of  these  children  wer  appointed 
and  apparelled  according  unto  the  blessing  which  he  did  represent.  And  on  the 
forepart  of  the  sayde  Pageant  was  written,  in  fayre  letters,  the  name  of  the  said 
Pageant,  in  this  maner  folowing : 

The  eight  Beatitudes  expressed  in  the  v  chapter  of  the  Gospel  of  St  Matthew, 
applyed  to  our  Soveraigne  Lady  Quene  Elizabeth. 

Over  the  two  syde  portes  was  placed  a  noyse  of  instrumentes.  And  all  voyde 
places  in  the  Pageant  were  furnished  with  prety  sayinges,  commending  and 
touching  the  meaning  of  the  said  Pageant,  which  was  the  promises  and  blessinges 
of  Almightie  God  made  to  his  People.     Before  that  the  Quenes  Highnes  came 


THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9-  47 

unto  this  Pageant,  she  required  the  matter  somewhat  to  be  opened  unto  her,  that 
her  Grace  might  the  better  understand  what  should  afterward  by  the  child  be 
sayd  unto  her.  Which  so  was,  that  the  Citie  had  there  erected  the  Pageant  with 
eight  children,  representing  theyght  blessinges  touched  in  the  fifth  chapiter  of 
St.  Mathew.  Whereof  every  one,  upon  just  consideracions,  was  applyed  unto 
her  Highnes ;  and  that  the  People  therby  put  her  Grace  in  mind,  that  as  her  good 
doinges  before  had  geven  just  occasion  why  that  these  blessinges  might  fall  upon 
her;  that  so,  if  her  Grace  did  continue  in  her  goodnes  as  she  had  entered,  she 
shoulde  hope  for  the  fruit  of  these  promises  due  unto  them  that  doe  exercise 
themselves  in  the  blessinges ;  whiche  her  Grace  heard  merveilous  graciously,  and 
required  that  the  chariot  myght  be  removed  towardes  the  Pageaunt,  that  she 
might  perceyve  the  chyldes  woordes,  which  were  these;  the  Quenes  Majestie 
geving  most  attentive  care,  and  requiring  that  the  Peoples  noyse  might  be  stayde : 

Thou  hast  been  viii  times  blest,  O  Quene  of  worthy  fame, 

By  mekenes  of  thy  spirite,  when  care  did  thee  besette, 
By  mourning  in  thy  griefe,  by  mildnes  in  thy  blame, 

By  hunger  and  by  thyrst,  and  justice  couldst  none  gette. 

By  mercy  shewed,  not  felt,  by  cleanes  of  thyne  harte, 

By  seking  peace  alwaye9,  by  persecucion  wrong. 
Therefore  trust  thou  in  God,  since  he  hath  helpt  thy  smart, 

That  as  his  promis  is,  so  he  will  make  thee  strong. 

When  these  woordes  were  spoken,  all  the  People  wished,  that  as  the  child  had 
spoken,  so  God  woulde  strengthen  her  Grace  against  all  her  adversaries :  whom 
the  Quenes  Majestie  did  most  gently  thanke  for  their  so  loving  wishe.  These 
verses  wer  painted  on  the  left  syde  of  the  said  Pageant ;  and  other  in  Latin  on 
thother  syde,  which  wer  these: 

Qui  lugent  hilares  dent,  qui  mitia  gestant 

Pectora,  multa  soli  ingera  culta  metent. 
Justitiam  esuriens  sitiensve  replebitur,  ipsum 

Fas  homini  puro  corde  videre  Deum. 
Quem  alterius  miseret,  Dominus  miserebitur  hujusj 

Pacificus  quisquis,  Alius  ille  Dei  est. 
Propter  justitiam  quisquis  patietur  habetque 

Demissam  mentem,  ccelica  regna  capit. 
Huic  hominum  generi  terram,  mare,  sidera  vovit 

Omnipotens,  horum  quisque  beatus  erit. 

Besides  these,  every  voide  place  in  the  Pageant  was  furnished  with  sentences 


4S       THE  QUEEN'S  PUBLIC  PROCESSION  THROUGH  LONDON,  1 558-9. 

touching  the  matter  and  ground  of  the  said  Pageant.  When  all  that  was  to  be 
said  in  this  Pageant  was  ended,  the  Quenes  Majestie  passed  on  forward  in 
Chepesyde. 

At  the  Standarde  in  Cheape,  which  was  dressed  fay  re  agaynste  the  tyme,  was 
placed  a  noyse  of  trumpettes,  with  banners  and  other  furniture.  The  Crosse 
lykewyse  was  also  made  fayre  and  well  trimmed,  And  neare  unto  the  same, 
uppon  the  porche  of  Saint  Peter's  church  dore,  stode  the  waites  of  the  Citie, 
which  did  geve  a  pleasant  noyse  with  their  instrumentes  as  the  Quenes  Majestie 
did  passe  by,  whiche  on  every  syde  cast  her  countenaunce,  and  wished  well  to  all 
her  most  loving  People.  Sone  after  that  her  Grace  passed  the  Crosse,  she  had 
espyed  the  Pageant  erected  at  the  Little  Conduit  in  Cheape,  and  incontinent 
required  to  know  what  it  might  signifye.  And  it  was  tolde  her  Grace,  that  there 
was  placed  Tyme.  Tyme  ?  quoth  she,  and  Tyme  hath  brought  me  hether.  And 
so  furth  the  hole  matter  was  opened  to  her  Grace ;  as  hereafter  shalbe  declared 
in  the  descripcion  of  the  Pageaunt.  But  in  the  opening,  when  her  Grace 
understode  that  the  Byble  in  Englyse  shoulde  be  delivered  unto  her  by  Trueth, 
which  was  therin  represented  by  a  chylde ;  she  thanked  the  Citie  for  that  gyft, 
and  sayde  that  she  would  oftentyrnes  reade  over  that  booke,  commaunding  Sir 
John  Parrat,  one  of  the  Knightes  which  helde  up  her  canapy,  to  goe  before,  and 
to  receive  the  booke.  But  learning  that  it  should  be  delivered  unto  her  Grace 
downe  by  a  silken  lace,  she  caused  him  to  staye,  and  so  passed  forward  till  she 
came  agaynste  the  Aldermen  in  the  hyghe  ende  of  Cheape  tofore  the  Little 
Conduite,  where  the  companies  of  the  Citie  ended,  whiche  beganne  at  Fanchurche, 
and  stoode  along  the  streates,  one  by  another,  enclosed  with  rayles,  hanged  with 
clothes,  and  themselves  well  apparelled  with  many  riche  furres,  and  their  livery 
whodes  uppon  their  shoulders,  in  comely  and  semely  maner,  having  before  them 
sondry  persones  well  apparelled  in  silkes  and  chaines  of  golde,  as  wyflers  and 
carders  of  the  sayd  companies,  beside  a  number  of  riche  hanginges,  as  well  of 
tapistrie,  arras,  clothes  of  golde,  silver,  velvet,  damaske,  sattin,  and  other  silkes, 
plentifullye  hanged  all  the  way  as  the  Quenes  Highnes  passed  from  the  Towre 
through  the  Citie.  Out  at  the  windowes  and  pent-houses  of  every  house  did 
hang  a  number  of  ryche  and  costlye  banners  and  streamers,  tyll  her  Grace  came 
to  the  upper  ende  of  Cheape.  And  there,  by  appoyntment,  the  Right  Worshipfull 
Maister  Ranulph  Cholmeley,  Recorder  of  the  Citie,  presented  to  the  Quenes 
Majestie  a  purse  of  crimeson  sattin  richely  wrought  with  gold,  wherin  the  Citie 


THE    GIUEEN'S   PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9-  49 

gave  unto  the  Queries  Majestie  a  thousand  markes  in  gold,  as  maister  Recorder 
did  declare  brieflie  unto  the  Quen  s  Majestie  ;  whose  woordes  tended  to  this  ende, 
that  the  Lorde  Maior,  his  brethren,  and  Comminaltie  of  the  Citie,  to  declare  their 
gladnes  and  good  wille  towardes  the  Quenes  Majestie,  dyd  present  her  Grace  with 
that  golde,  desyering  her  Grace  to  continue  theyr  good  and  gracious  Quene,  and 
not  to  esterne  the  value  of  the  gift,  but  the  mynd  of  the  gevers.  The  Quenes 
Majestie,  with  both  her  handes,  tooke  the  purse,  and  aunswered  to  hym  againe 
merveylous  pithilie ;  and  so  pithilie,  that  the  standers  by,  as  they  embraced 
entirely  her  gracious  aunswer,  so  they  merveiled  at  the  cowching  thereof;  which 
was  in  wordes  truely  reported  these: 

"  I  thanke  my  Lord  Maior,  his  Brethren,  and  you  all.  And  wheras  your 
request  is  that  I  should  continue  your  good  Ladie  and  Quene,  be  ye  ensured, 
that  I  will  be  as  good  unto  you  as  ever  Quene  was  to  her  People.  No  wille  in 
me  can  lacke,  neither  doe  I  trust  shall  ther  lacke  any  power.  And  perswade 
your  selves,  that  for  the  safetie  and  quietnes  of  you  all,  I  will  not  :pare,  if  need 
be,  to  spend  my  blood.     God  thanke  you  all." 

Whiche  aunswere  of  so  noble  an  hearted  Pryncesse,  if  it  moved  a  mervaylous 
showte  and  rejoysing,  it  is  nothyng  to  be  mervayled  at,  since  both  the  heartines 
thereof  was  so  wonderfull,  and  the  woordes  so  joyntly  knytte.  When  her  Grace 
hadde  thus  aunswered  the  Recorder,  she  marched  toward  the  Little  Conduit, 
where  was  erected  a  Pageaunt  with  square  proporcion,  standynge  irectlye  before 
the  same  Conduite,  with  battlementes  accordyngelye.  And  in  the  same  Pageaunt 
was  advaunced  two  hylles  or  mountaynes  of  convenient  heyghte.  The  one  of 
them  beyng  on  the  North  syde  of  the  same  Pageaunt,  was  made  cragged,  barreyn, 
and  stonye ;  in  the  whiche  was  erected  one  tree,  artificiallye  made,  all  withered 
and  deadde,  with  braunches  accordinglye.  And  under  the  same  tree,  at  the  foote 
thereof,  sate  one  in  homely  and  rude  apparell,  crokedlve,  and  in  mournyng  maner, 
havynge  over  hys  headde,  in  a  table,  written  in  Laten  and  Englyshe,  hys  name, 
whiche  was,  "  Ruinosa  Respublica,"  "  A  decayed  Cornmonweale."  And  uppon 
the  same  withered  tree  were  fixed  certayne  tables,  wherein  were  written  proper 
sentences,  expressing  the  causes  of  the  decaye  of  a  Common  weale.  The  other 
hylle,  on  the  South  syde,  was  made  fay  re,  freshe,  grene,  and  beawtifull,  the 
grounde  thereof  full  of  flowers  and  beawtie  ;  and  on  the  same  was  erected  also 
one  tree  very  fresh  and  fayre,  under  the  whiche  stoode  uprighte  one  freshe  per- 
sonage, well  apparaylled  and  appoynted,  whose  name  also  was  written  bothe  in 

VOL.  i.  h 


50  THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    155 8-9. 

Englyshe  and  Laten,  whiche  was,  "  Respublica  bene  instituta,"  "  A  florishyng 
Commonweale."  And  uppon  the  same  tree  also  were  fixed  certayne  tables,  con- 
teyning  sentences  which  expressed  the  causes  of  a  flourishing  Common  weale.  In 
the  middle,  between  the  sayde  hylles,  was  made  artificiallye  one  hollowe  place  or 
cave,  with  doore  and  locke  enclosed ;  oute  of  the  whiche,  a  lyttle  before  the 
Quenes  Hyghnes  commynge  thither,  issued  one  personage,  whose  name  was 
Tyme,  apparaylled  as  an  olde  man,  with  a  sythe  in  his  hande,  havynge  wynges 
artificiallye  made,  leadinge  a  personage  of  lesser  stature  then  himselfe,  whiche 
was  fynely  and  well  apparaylled,  all  cladde  in  whyte  silke,  and  directlye  over  her 
head  was  set  her  name  and  tytle,  in  Latin  and  Englyshe,  "  Temporis  filia," 
"  The  Daughter  of  Tyme."  Which  two  so  appoynted,  went  forwarde  toward 
the  South  syde  of  the  Pageant.  And  on  her  brest  was  written  her  propre  name, 
whiche  was  "  Veritas,"  Trueth,  who  helde  a  booke  in  her  hande,  upon  the  which 
was  written,  "  Verbum  Veritatis,"  the  Woorde  of  Trueth.  And  out  of  the  South 
syde  of  the  Pageaunt  was  cast  a  standynge  for  a  childe,  which  should  enterprete 
the  same  Pageant.  Against  whom  when  the  Quenes  Majestie  came,  he  spake 
unto  her  Grace  these  woordes : 

This  olde  man  with  the  sythe,  olde  Father  Tyme  they  call, 
And  her  his  daughter  Truth,  which  holdeth  yonder  boke ; 

Whom  he  out  of  his  rocke  hath  brought  forth  to  us  all, 
From  whence  for  many  yeres  she  durst  not  once  out  loke. 

The  ruthful  wight  that  sitteth  under  the  barren  tree, 

Resembleth  to  us  the  fourme,  when  Common  weales  decay ; 

But  when  they  be  in  state  tryumphant,  you  may  see 
By  him  in  freshe  attyre  that  sitteth  under  the  baye. 

Now  since  that  Time  again  his  daughter  Truth  hath  brought, 
We  trust,  O  worthy  Quene,  thou  wilt  this  Truth  embrace ; 

And  since  thou  understandst  the  good  estate  and  nought, 
We  trust  wealth  thou  wilt  plant,  and  barrennes  displace. 

But  for  to  heale  the  sore,  and  cure  that  is  not  seene,  y 

Which  thing  the  boke  of  Truth  doth  teache  in  writing  playn: 

She  doth  present  to  thee  the  same,  O  worthy  Quene, 
For  that,  that  wordes  do  flye,  but  wryting  doth  remayn. 

When  the  childe  had  thus  ended  his  speache,  he  reached  his  booke  towardes 
the  Quenes  Majestie,  whiche,  a  little  before,  Trueth  had  let  downe  unto  him  from 
the  hill ;  whiche  by  Sir  John  Parrat  was  received,  and  delivered  unto  the  Quene. 


THE    GlUEEN's   PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9.  51 

But  she,  as  soone  as  she  had  receyved  the  booke,  kissed  it,  and  with  both  her 
handes  held  up  the  same,  and  so  laid  it  upon  her  brest,  with  great  thankes  to  the 
Citie  therefore.  And  so  went  forward  towards  Paules  Churchyarde.  The 
former  matter  which  was  rehersed  unto  the  Quenes  Majestie  was  written  in  two 
tables,  on  either  side  the  Pageant  eight  verses,  and  in  the  middest  these  Latin : 

Ille,  vides,  falcem  laeva  qui  sustinet  uncam, 

Tempus  is  est,  cui  stat  filia  vera  comes ; 
Hanc  pater  exesa  deductam  rupe  reponit 

In  lucem,  quam  non  viderat  ante  diu. 
•Qui  sedet  a  laeva  cultu  male  tristis  inepto, 

Quem  duris  crescens  cautibus  orbis  obit, 
Nos  monet  effigie,  qua  sit  respublica  quando 

Corruit,  at  contra  quando  beata  viget. 
Ille  docet  juvenis  forma  spectandus  amictu 

Scitus,  et  aeterna  laurea  fronde  virens. 

The  sentences  written  in  Latin  and  Englishe  upon  both  the  trees,  declaring  the 
causes  of  both  estates,  were  these : 

Causes  of  a  ruinous  Commonweale  are  these  : 

Want  of  the  feare  of  God.  Civill  disagrement. 

Disobedience  to  Rulers.  Flattring  of  Princes. 

Blindnes  of  Guides.  Unmercifulnes  in  Rulers. 

Briberie  in  Majestrats.  Unthankfulnes  in  Subjects. 
Rebellion  in  Subjectes. 

Causes  of  a  florishing  Commonweale. 

Feare  of  God.  Obedient  Subjectes. 

A  wise  Prince.  Lovers  of  the  Commonweale 

Learned  Rulers.  Vertue  rewarded. 

Obedience  to  Officers.  Vice  chastened. 

The  matter  of  this  Pageant  dependeth  of  them  that  went  before.  For  as  the 
first  declared  her  Grace  to  come  out  of  the  house  of  unitie,  the  second  that  she 
is  placed  in  the  seat  of  Government,  staied  with  Vertue,  to  the  suppression  of 
Vice ;  and  therefore  in  the  third  the  eight  blessings  of  Almighty  God  might  well 
be  applyed  unto  her :  so  this  fourth  now  is  to  put  her  Grace  in  remembrance  of 
the  state  of  the  Commonweale,  which  Time,  with  Truth  his  daughter,  doth 
revele,  which  Truth  also  her  Grace  hath  received,  and  therefore  cannot  but  be 


52       THE  QUEEN'S  PUBLIC  PROCESSION  THROUGH  LONDON,  1 558-9. 

mercifull  and  careful  for  the  good  government  thereof.  From  thence  the  Quenes 
Majestie  passed  towarde  Paules  Churchyard  ;  and  when  she  came  over  against 
Paules  Scole,  a  childe  appointed  by  the  scolemaster  thereof  pronounced  a  certein 
oration  in  Latin,  and  certein  verses,  which  also  wer  there  written,  as  foloweth : 

"  Philosophus  ille  divinus  Plato,  inter  multa  praeclare  ac  sapienter  dicta,  hoc 
posteris  proditum  reliquit,  rempublicam  illam  felicissimam  fore,  cui  princeps 
sophiae  studiosa,  virtutibusque  ornata  contigerit.  Quern  si  vere  dixisse  censeamus 
(ut  quidem  verissime)  cur  non  terra  Britannica  plauderet?  cur  non  populus 
gaudium  atque  laetitiam  agitaret  ?  immo,  cur  non  hunc  diem  albo  (quod  aiunt) 
lapillo  notaret  ?  quo  princeps  talis  nobis  adest,  qualem  priores  non  viderunt, 
qualemque  posteritas  haud  facile  cernere  poterit,  dotibus  quum  animi,  turn 
corporis  undique  felicissima.  Casti  quidem  corporis  dotes  ita  apertae  sunt,  ut 
oratione  non  egeant.  Animi  vero  tot  tantseque,  ut  ne  verbis  quidem  exprimi 
possint.  Haec  nempe,  regibus  summis  orta,  morum  atque  animi  nobilitate  genus 
exuperat.  Hujus  pectus  Christi  religionis  amore  flagrat.  Haec  gentem  Britanni- 
cam  virtutibus  illustrabit,  clipeoque  justitiae  teget.  Haec  literis  Graecis  et  Latinis 
eximia,  ingenioque  praepollens  est.  Hac  imperante,  pietas  vigebit,  Anglia  florebit, 
aurea  secula  redibunt.  Vos  igitur  Angli,  tot  commoda  accepturi,  Elizabetham 
Reginam  nostram  celeberrimam,  ab  ipso  Christo  hujus  regni  imperio  destinatam, 
honore  debito  prosequimini.  Hujus  imperiis  animo  libentissimo  subditi  estote, 
vosque  tali  principe  dignos  praebete.  Et  quoniam  pueri  non  viribus  sed  precibus 
officium  prestare  possunt,  nos  alumini  hujus  scholae,  ab  ipso  Coleto  olim  Templi 
Paulini  Decano  extructae,  teneras  pal  mas  ad  ccelum  tendentes  Christum  Opt. 
Max.  precaturi  sumus  ut  tuam  celsitudinem  annos  Nestoreos  summo  cum  honore 
Anglis  imperitare  faciat,  matremque  pignoribus  charis  beatam  reddat.     Amen. 

Anglia  nunc  tandem  plaudas,  laetare,  resulta, 

Presto  jam  vita  est,  praesidiumque  tibi. 
En  tua  spes  venit,  tua  gloria,  lux,  decus  omne  ; 

Venit  jam  solidam  quae  tibi  prestat  opem. 
Succurretque  tuis  rebus  quae  pessum  abiere  : 

Perdita  quae  fuerant  haec  reparare  volet  : 
Omnia  florebunt,  redeunt  nunc  aurea  secla ; 

In  melius  surgent  quae  cecidere  bona. 
Debes  ergo  illi  totam  te  reddere  fidam, 

Cujus  in  accessu  commoda  tot  capies. 
Salve  igitur  dicas,  imo  de  pectore  summo, 

Elizabeth  regni  non  dubitanda  salus. 


THE    GtUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9-  53 

Virgo  venit,  veniatque  optes  comitata  deinceps, 

Pignoribus  charis,  laeta  parens  veniat. 
Hoc  Deus  omnipotens  ex  alto  donet  Olympo, 

Qui  coelum  et  terram  condidit  atque  regit. 

Which  the  Queries  Majestie  most  attentivelye  harkened  unto :  and  when  the 
childe  had  pronounced,  he  did  kisse  the  oration,  which  he  had  there  faire  written 
in  paper,  and  delivered  it  unto  the  Quenes  Majestie,  which  most  gently  received 
the  same.  And  when  the  Queues  Majestie  had  heard  all  that  was  there  offred  to 
be  spoken,  then  her  Grace  marched  toward  Ludgate,  where  she  was  received  with 
a  noyse  of  instrumentes,  the  forefront  of  the  gate  being  finelie  trimmed  up 
against  her  Majesties  comming.  From  thence  by  the  way  as  she  went  down 
toward  Fletebridge,  one  aboute  her  Grace  noted  the  Cities  charge,  that  there  was 
no  cost  spared :  Her  Grace  answered,  that  she  did  well  consyder  the  same,  and 
that  it  should  be  remembred.  An  honorable  auhswere,  worthie  a  noble  Prince, 
which  may  comforte  all  her  subjectes,  considering  there  can  be  no  point  of  gen- 
tlenes  or  obedient  love  shewed  towarde  her  Grace,  whych  she  doth  not  most  ten- 
derlie  accepte,  and  graciously  waye.  In  this  maner,  the  people  on  either  side 
rejoysing,  her  Grace  wente  forwarde,  towarde  the  Conduite  in  Fleete- street, 
where  was  the  fifte  and  last  Pageaunt  erected,  in  forme  folowing :  From  the  Con- 
duite, which  was  bewtified  with  painting,  unto  the  North  side  of  the  strete,  was 
erected  a  stage,  embattelled  with  foure  towres,  and  in  the  same  a  square  platte 
rising  with  degrees,  and  uppon  the  uppermost  degree  was  placed  a  chaire,  or  seate 
royall,  and  behynde  the  same  seate,  in  curious  and  artificiall  maner,  was  erected 
a  tree  of  reasonable  height,  and  so  farre  advaunced  above  the  seate  as  it  did  well . 
and  semelye  shadow  the  same,  without  endomaging  the  syght  of  any  part  of  the 
pageant :  and  the  same  tree  was  bewtified  with  leaves  as  greene  as  arte  could  I 
devise,  being  of  a  convenient  greatnes,  and  conteining  therupon  the  fruite  of  the 
date,  and  on  the  toppe  of  the  same  tree,  in  a  table,  was  set  the  name  thereof,  ' 
which  was,  "  A  palme  tree;"  and  in  the  aforesaide  seate,  or  chaire,  was  placed  a 
semelie  and  mete  personage,  richlie  apparelled  in  Parliament  robes,  with  a  scep- 
tre in  her  hand,  as  a  Quene,  crowned  with  an  open  crowne,  whose  name  and  title 
was  in  a  table  fixed  over  her  head,  in  this  sort :  "  Debora  the  judge  and  restorer 
of  the  house  of  Israel,  Judic.  iv."  And  the  other  degrees,  on  either  side,  were 
furnished  with  vi  personages  ;  two  representing  the  Nobilitie,two  the  Clergie,  and 
two  the  Comminaltye.     And   before  these  personages   was  written,  in  a  table, 


54  the  glueen's  public  procession  through  london,  1558-9. 

"  Debora,  with  her  estates,  consulting  for  the  good  Governement  of  Israel."  At 
the  feete  of  these,  and  the  lowest  part  of  the  Pageant,  was  ordeined  a  convenient 
rome  for  a  childe  to  open  the  meaning  of  the  Pageant.  When  the  Quenes 
Majestie  drew  nere  unto  this  Pageant,  and  perceived,  as  in  the  other,  the  childe 
readie  to  speake,  her  Grace  required  silence,  and  commaunded  her  chariot  to  be 
removed  nigher,  that  she  myght  plainlie  heare  the  childe  speake,  whych  said  as 
hereafter  foloweth  : 

Jaben  of  Canaan  King  had  long,  by  force  of  armes, 

Opprest  the  Israelites,  which  for  God's  People  went : 
But  God  minding  at  last  for  to  redresse  their  harmes, 

The  worthy  Debora  as  judge  among  them  sent. 

In  war  she,  through  God's  aide,  did  put  her  foes  to  fright, 
And  with  the  dint  of  sworde  the  hande  of  bondage  brast. 

In  peace  she,  through  God's  aide,  did  alway  mainteine  right ; 
And  judged  Israeli  till  fourty  yeres  were  past. 

A  worthie  President,  O  worthie  Quene,  thou  hast, 
■  .  •  A  worthie  woman  judge,  a  woman  sent  for  staie. 

And  that  the  like  to  us  endure  alway  thou  maist, 

Thy  loving  subjectes  will  with  true  hearts  and  tonges  praie. 

Which  verses  were  written  upon  the  Pageant ;  and  the  same  in  Latin  also  : 

Quando  Dei  populum  Canaan  rex  pressit  laben, 

Mittitur  a  magno  Debora  magna  Deo  ; 
Quae  populum  eriperit,  sanctum  servaret  ludan, 

Milite  qua?  patrio  frangeret  hostis  opes. 
Haec,  Domino  mandante,  Deo  lectissima  fecit 

Foemina,  et  adversos  contudit  ense  viros. 
Haec  quater  denos  populum  correxerat  annos 

Judicio,  bello  strenua,  pace  gravis. 
Sic,  O  sic  populum  belloque  et  pace  guberna, 

Debora  sis  Anglis  Elizabetha  tuis  ! 

The  voide  places  of  the  Pageant  were  filled  with  pretie  sentences  concerning 
the  same  matter.  Thys  ground  of  this  last  Pageant  was,  that  forsomuch  as  the 
next  Pageant  before  had  set  before  her  Graces  eyes  the  florishing  and  desolate 
states  of  a  Commonweale,  she  might  by  this  be  put  in  remembrance  to  consult 
for  the  worthy  Government  of  her  People;  considering  God  oftimes  sent  women 
nobly  to  rule  among  men ;  as  Debora,  whych  governed  Israeli  in  peas  the  space 
of  xl  years  :  and  that  it  behoved  both  men  and  women  so  ruling  to  use  advise  of 


THE    ftUEEN's  PUBLIC   PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,  1558-Q.  55 

good  counsell.  When  the  Quenes  Majestie  had  passed  this  Pageant,  she  marched 
toward  Templebarre  ;  but  at  St.  Dunstones  church,  where  the  children  of  thos- 
pitall  wer  appointed  to  stand  with  their  governours,  her  Grace  perceiving  a  childe 
offred  to  make  an  oration  unto  her,  stayed  her  chariot,  and  did  caste  up  her  eyes 
to  heaven,  as  who  should  saye,  "  I  here  see  thys  mercyfull  worke  towarde  the 
poore,  whom  I  muste  in  the  middest  of  my  royaltie  nedes  remembre !"  and  so 
turned  her  face  towarde  the  childe,  which,  in  Latin,  pronounced  an  oracion  to 
this  effecte  :  "  That  after  the  Quenes  Hyghnes  had  passed  through  the  Citie,  and 
had  sene  so  sumptuous,  rich,  and  notable  spectacles  of  the  Citizens,  which 
declared  their  most  heartie  receiving  and  joyous  welcomming  of  her  Grace  into 
the  same  :  thys  one  spectacle  yet  rested  and  remained,  which  was  the  everlasting 
spectacle  of  mercy  unto  the  poore  membres  of  Almighty  God,  furthered  by  that 
famous  and  most  noble  Prince  King  Henry  the  Eight,  her  gracious  Father, 
erected  by  the  Citie  of  London,  and  advaunced  by  the  most  godly,  verteous,  and 
gracious  Prince  Kyng  Edwarde  the  VI.  her  Grace's  dere  and  loving  Brother,  doubt- 
ing nothing  of  the  mercy  of  the  Quenes  most  gracious  clemencie,  by  the  which 
they  may  not  onely  be  releved  and  helped,  but  also  stayed  and  defended  ;  and  ther- 
fore  incessauntly  they  would  pray  and  crie  unto  Almighty  God  for  the  long  life 
and  raigne  of  her  Highnes,  with  most  prosperous  victory  against  her  enemies." 

The  childe,  after  he  had  ended  his  oracion,  kissed  the  paper  wherein  the  same 
was  written,  and  reached  it  to  the  Quenes  Majestie,  whych  received  it  graciouslye 
both  with  woordes  and  countenance,  declaring  her  gracious  mynde  towarde  theyr 
reliefe.  From  thence  her  Grace  came  to  Temple  Barre,  which  was  dressed 
fynelye  with  the  two  ymages  of  Gotmagot  the  Albione,  and  Corineus  the  Briton 
two  gyantes  bigge  in  stature,  furnished  accordingly;  which  held  in  their  handes, 
even  above  the  gate,  a  table,  wherin  was  writen,  in  Latin  verses,  theffect  of  all  the 
Pageantes  which  the  Citie  before  had  erected,  which  verses  wer  these  : 

Ecce  sub  aspectu  jam  contemplaberis  uno, 

O  princeps,  populi  sola  columna  tui. 
Quicquid  in  immensa  passim  perspexeris  urbe, 

Quae  cepere  omnes  unus  hie  arcus  habet. 
Primus  te  solio  regni  donavit  aviti, 

Heeres  quippe  tui  vera  parentis  eras. 
Suppressis  vitiis,  domina  virtute,  secundus 

Firmavit  sedem,  regia  virgo,  tuam. 


56  THE    ftUEEN's   PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-9- 

Tertius  ex  omni  posuit  te  parte  beatam, 

Si,  qua  coepisti  pergere  velle,  velis. 
Quarto  quid  verum,  respublica  lapsa  quid  esset, 

Quae  florens  staret,  te  docuere  tui. 
Quinto  magna  loco  monuit  te  Debora,  missam 

Ccelitus  in  regni  gaudia  longa  tui. 
Perge  ergo,  regina,  tuae  spes  unica  gentis, 

Haec  postrema  urbis  suscipe  vota  tuae. 
Vive  diu,  regnaque  diu,  virtutibus  orna 

Rem  patriam,  et  populi  spem  tueare  tui. 
Sic,  o  sic  petitur  coelum,  sic  itur  in  astra, 

Hoc  virtutis  opus,  caetera  mortis  erunt. 

Which  versis  wer  also  written  in  Englishe  meter,  in  a  lesse  table,  as  hereafter 
foloweth : 

Behold  here  in  one  view  thou  mayst  see  all  that  playne, 

O  Princesse,  to  this  thy  people  the  onely  stay  : 
What  echewhere  thou  hast  seen  in  this  wide  town,  again 

This  one  arche  whatsoever  the  rest  conteynd  doth  say. 

The  first  arche,  as  true  heyre  unto  thy  father  dere, 

Did  set  thee  in  the  throne  where  thy  graundfather  satte  : 

The  second  did  confirme  thy  seate  as  Princesse  here, 
Vertues  now  bearing  swaye,  and  Vyces  bet  down  flatte.' 

The  third,  if  that  thou  wouldst  goe  on  as  thou  began, 

Declared  thee  to  be  blessed  on  every  syde, 
The  fourth  did  open  Trueth,  and  also  taught  thee  whan 

The  Commonweale  stoode  well,  and  when  it  did  thence  slide. 

The  fifth,  as  Debora,  declared  thee  to  be  sent 

From  Heaven,  a  long  comfort  to  us  thy  subjectes  all : 

Therefore  goe  on,  O  jQuene,  on  whom  our  hope  is  bent, 
And  take  with  thee  this  wishe  of  thy  town  as  finall : 

Live  long,  and  as  long  raygne,  adourning  thy  countrie 
With  Vertues,  and  mayntayne  thy  peoples  hope  of  thee  j 
For  thus,  thus  Heaven  is  won  ;  thus  must  you  pearce  the  skye, 
This  is  by  Vertue  wrought,  all  other  must  nedes  dye. 

On  the  South  side  was  appoynted  by  the  Citie  a  noyse  of  singing  children  ; 
and  one  childe  richely  attyred  as  a  poet,  which  gave  the  Quenes  Majestie  her  fare- 
well, in  the  name  of  the  hole  Citie,  by  these  wordes : 


THE    aUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1558-p.  57 

As  at  thyne  entraunce  first,  O  Prince  of  high  renown, 

Thou  wast  presented  with  tonges  and  heartes  for  thy  fayre  -, 

So  now,  sith  thou  must  nedes  depart  out  of  this  towne, 
This  citie  sendeth  thee  firme  hope  and  earnest  prayer. 

For  all  men  hope  in  thee,  that  all  vertues  shall  reygne, 
For  all  men  hope  that  thou  none  errour  wilt  support, 

For  all  men  hope  that  thou  wilt  trueth  restore  agayne, 
And  mend  that  is  amisse,  to  all  good  mennes  comfort. 

And  for  this  hope  they  pray,  thou  mayst  continue  long, 
Our  Quene  amongst  us  here,  all  vyce  for  to  supplant : 

And  for  this  hope  they  pray,  that  God  may  make  thee  strong, 
As  by  his  grace  puissant,  so  in  his  trueth  constant. 

Farewell,  O  worthy  jQuene,  and  as  our  hope  is  sure, 
That  into  Errours  place  thou  wilt  now  Truth  restore ; 

So  trust  we  that  thou  wilt  our  Soveraigne  jQuene  endure, 
And  loving  Lady  stand,  from  hencefurth  evermore. 

Whyle  these  woordes  were  in  saying,  and  certeine  wishes  therein  repeted  for 
maintenaunce  of  Trueth  and  rooting  out  of  Errour,  she  now  and  then  helde  up  her 
handes  to  heavenwarde,  and  willed  the  people  to  say,  Amen. 

When  the  childe  had  ended,  she  said,  "  Be  ye  well  assured  I  will  stande  your 
good  Quene." 

At  whiche  saying,  her  Grace  departed  forth  through  Temple  Barre  towarde 
Westminster,  with  no  lesse  shoutyng  and  crying  of  the  People,  then  she  entred 
the  Citie,  with  a  noyse  of  ordinance  whiche  the  Towre  shot  of  at  her  Graces 
entraunce  first  into  Towre- streate. 

The  childes  saying  was  also  in  Latin  verses,  wrytten  in  a  table,  which  was 
hanged  up  there : 

O  Regina  potens,  cum  primam  urbem  ingredereris, 

Donatibi,  linguas,  fidaque  corda  dedit. 
Discedenti  etiam  tibi  nunc  duo  munera  mittit ; 

Omina  plena  spei,  votaque  plena  precum. 
Quippe  tuis  spes  est,  in  te  quod  provida  virtus 

Rexerit,  errori  nee  locus  ullus  erit. 
Quippe  tuis  spes  est,  quod  tu  verum  omne  reduces, 

Solatura  bonas,  dum  mala  tollis,  opes. 
Hac  spe  freti  orant,  longum  ut,  Regina,  gubernes, 

Et  regni  excindas  crimina  cuncta  tui. 
Hac  spe  freti  orant,  divina  ut  gratia  fortem, 
Et  veree  fidei  te  velit  esse  basin. 
VOL.  I.  I 


58  THE    ftUEEN's   PUBLIC    PROCESSION    THROUGH    LONDON,  15  58-9. 

Jam,  Regina,  vale,  et  sicut  nos  spes  tenet  una, 

Quod,  vero  inducto,  perditus  error  erit. 
Sic  quoque  speramus  quod  eris  Regina  benigna 

Nobis  per  Regni  tempora  longa  tui. 

Thus  the  Queries  Hyghnesse  passed  through  the  Citie,  whiche,  without  any 
forreyne  persone,  of  itselfe  beawtifyed  itselfe,  and  receyved  her  Grace  at  all  places, 
as  hath  been  before  mentioned,  with  most  tender  obedience  and  love,  due  to  so 
gracious  a  Quene  and  Soveraigne  Ladie.  And  her  Grace  lykewise  of  her  side,  in 
all  her  Graces  passage,  shewed  herselfe  generally  an  ymage  of  a  woorthye  Ladie 
and  Governour  ;  but  privately  these  especiall  poyntes  wer  noted  in  her  Grace  as 
sygnes  of  a  most  princelyke  courage,  whereby  her  loving  subjectes  maye  ground 
a  sure  hope  for  the  rest  of  her  gracious  doinges  hereafter. 

Certain  notes  of  the  Queenes  Majesties  great  mercie,  clemencie,  and  wisdom, 

used  in  this  passage. 

Aboute  the  nether  ende  of  Cornehyll  towarde  Cheape,  one  of  the  Knightes 
about  her  Grace  had  espyed  an  auncient  Citizen,  whiche  wepte,  and  turned  his 
head  backe ;  and  therewith  said  this  gentleman,  "  Yonder  is  an  Alderman  (for  so 
he  tearmed  him)  whiche  wepeth  and  turneth  his  face  backewarde :  How  may  it 
be  interpreted,  that  lie  so  doth  for  sorowe  or  for  gladnes  ?"  The  Quenes  Majestie 
heard  hym,  and  said,  "  I  warrant  you  it  is  for  gladnes."  A  gracious  interpreta- 
tion of  a  noble  courage,  which  would  turne  the  doutefull  to  the  best.  And  yet 
it  was  well  known,  that,  as  her  Grace  did  confirme  the  same,  the  parties  cheare 
was  moved  for  verye  pure  gladnes  for  the  sight  of  her  Majesties  person,  at 
the  beholding  whereof  he  toke  such  comforte,  that  with  teares  he  expressed 
the  same. 

In  Cheapeside  her  Grace  smiled,  and  being  therof  demaunded  the  cause,  aun- 
swered,  "  For  that  she  had  heard  one  say,  Remember  old  King  Henry  theyght." 
A  naturall  child,  which  at  the  very  remembraunce  of  her  Father's  name  toke  so 
great  a  joy,  that  all  men  may  well  thinke,  that  as  she  rejoysed  at  his  name  whom 
this  realme  doth  hold  of  so  woorthy  memorie  ;  so  in  her  doinges  she  will  resem- 
ble the  same. 

When  the  Cities  charge  withoute  parcialitie,  and  onely  the  Citie,  was  men- 
cioned  unto  her  Grace,  she  saide  it  shoulde  not  be  forgotten.  Whiche  saying 
mvght  move  all  Englishemen  heartelye  to  she  we  due  obedience  and  entiernes  to 


THE    GIUEEN'S    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,    1 558-9.  59 

so  good  a  Quene,  which  will  in  no  poynt  forgeat  any  parcell  of  duetie  lovingly 
shewed  unto  her. 

The  answer  which  her  Grace  made  unto  Maister  Recorder  of  London,  as  the 
hearers  know  it  to  be  true,  and  with  melting  heartes  heard  the  same :  so  may 
the  reader  thereof  conceive  what  kinde  of  stomacke  and  courage  pronounced 
the  same. 

What  more  famous  thing  doe  we  reade  in  auncient  Histories  of  olde  tyme,  then 
that  mightye  Prynces  have  gentlye  receyved  presentes  offered  them  by  base  and 
lowe  personages  ?  If  that  be  to  be  wondred  at  (as  it  is  passingly)  let  me  se  any 
one  Princes  lyfe  is  able  to  recounte  so  manye  presidentes  of  this  vertue,  as  her 
Grace  shewed  in  this  one  passage  through  the  Citie.  How  many  nosegayes  did 
her  Grace  receive  at  poore  womens  handes  :  how  ofttimes  stayed  she  her  chariot, 
when  she  sawe  any  simple  body  offer  to  speake  to  her  Grace :  a  branche  of  rose- 
mary geven  to  her  Grace  with  a  supplication  by  a  poore  woman  about  Flete 
Bridge,  was  seen  in  her  chariot  til  her  Grace  came  to  Westminster,  not  without 
the  marveylous  wondring  of  such  as  knew  the  presenter,  and  noted  the  Quenes 
most  gracious  receiving  and  keeping  the  same. 

What  hope  the  poore  and  nedy  may  looke  for  at  her  Graces  hande,  she  as  in 
all  her  journey  continuallye,  so  in  hearkenyng  to  the  poore  chyldren  of  Christes 
Hospitall  with  eyes  cast  up  into  Heaven,  did  fullye  declare,  as  that  neither  the 
welthier  estate  could  stande  without  consideracion  had  to  the  povertie,  neither 
the  povertie  be  duelye  considered,  unles  they  were  remembered,  as  commended 
to  us  by  Goddes  owne  mouth. 

As  at  her  first  enterance  she  as  it  were  declared  herselfe  prepared  to  passe 
through  a  Citie  that  most  entierly  loved  her,  so  she  at  her  last  departing,  as  it 
were,  bownde  herselfe  by  promis  to  continue  good  Ladie  and  Governor  unto  that 
Citie  whiche  by  outward  declaracion  did  open  their  love  to  their  so  loving  and 
noble  Prince  in  such  wyse,  as  she  herselfe  wondered  therat. 

But  because  Princes  be  set  in  their  seate  by  God's  appoynting,  and  therefore 
they  must  first  and  chiefly  tender  the  glory  of  him  from  whom  their  glory  issueth, 
it  is  to  be  noted  in  her  Grace,  that  forsomuch  as  God  hath  so  wonderfully  placed 
her  in  the  seate  of  Government  over  this  Realme,  she  in  all  doinges  doth  shew 
herselfe  most  myndfull  of  his  goodnes  and  mercie  shewed  unto  her,  and  amongest 
all  other,  two  principall  sygnes  thereof  were  noted  in  thys  passage.  First  in  the 
Towre,  where  her  Grace,  before  she  entred  her  chariot,  lifted  up  her  eyes  to  Hea- 
ven, and  said  : 


GO  THE    ftUEEN's    PUBLIC    PROCESSION   THROUGH    LONDON,  1 558-9. 

"  O  Lord,  Almighty  and  Everlasting  God,  I  geve  thee  most  hearty  thankes 
that  thou  hast  been  so  mercifull  unto  me  as  to  spare  me  to  beholde  this  joyfull 
daye.  And  I  acknowledge  that  thou  hast  dealt  as  wonderfully  and  as  mercifully 
with  me,  as  thou  didst  with  thy  true  and  faith  full  servant  Daniel  thy  Prophet, 
whom  thou  deliveredst  out  of  the  denne  from  the  crueltie  of  the  gredy  and 
rageing  lyons  :  even  so  was  I  overwhelmed,  and  only  by  thee  delivered.  To  thee 
therefore  onely  be  thankes,  honor,  and  prayse,  forever.     Amen." 

The  second  was  the  receiving  of  the  Byble  at  the  Little  Conduit  in  Cheape. 
For  when  her  Grace  had  learned  that  the  Byble  in  Englishe  should  there  be 
offered,  she  thanked  the  Citie  therfore,  promysed  the  reading  thereof  most  dili- 
gentlye,  and  incontinent  commaunded  that  it  should  be  brought.  At  the  receit 
wherof,  how  reverently  did  she  with  both  her  handes  take  it,  kisse'it,  and  lay  it 
upon  her  breast ;  to  the  great  comfort  of  the  lookers-on.  God  will  undoubtedly 
preserve  so  worthy  a  Prince,  which  at  his  honor  so  reverently  taketh  her  begin- 
ning. For  this  saying  is  true,  and  written  in  the  boke  of  truth :  "  He  that  first 
seketh  the  kingdome  of  God,  shall  have  all  other  thinges  cast  unto  him." 

Now  therfore  all  English  hertes,  and  her  naturall  people,  must  nedes  praise 
Gods  mercy,  which  hath  sent  them  so  woorthy  a  Prince,  and  pray  for  her  Graces 
long  continuance  amongest  us. 


The  Ceremonies  of  the  Coronac'on  of  the  moost  excellent  Queene 
Elysabeth,  the  15  th  of  January,  Anno  1558-9  l. 

On  Sundaie  the  fifteenth  of  Januarie  (says  Holinshed)  hir  Majestie  was  with 
great  solemnitie  crowned  at  Westminster,  in  the  Abbeie  Church  there,  by  Doctor 
Oglethorpe,  Bishop  of  Carleill.  She  dined  in  Westminster-hall,  which  was 
richlie  hoong,  and  everie  thing  ordered  in  such  roiall  maner  as  to  such  a  regall 
and  most  solemne  feast  apperteined.  In  the  meane  time,  whitest  hir  Grace  sat 
at  dinner,  Sir  Edward  Dimmocke,  Knight,  hir  Champion  by  office,  came  riding 
into  the  Hall  in   faire  complet  armor,  mounted  upon  a  beautiful  courser,  richlie 

1  From  Ashmole's  Collections  in  the  Ashmolean  Museum,  863,  p.  211.  Transcribed  from  Mr. 
Anthony  Anthony's  Collection. 


the  queen's  coronation,  1558-Q.  6l 

trapped  in  cloth  of  gold,  entred  the  Hall,  and  in  the  midst  thereof  cast  downe 
his  gantlet,  with  offer  to  fight  with  him  in  her  quarrell  that  should  denie  hir  to 
be  the  righteous  and  lawful  Queene  of  this  Real  me.  The  Queene,  taking  a  cup 
of  gold  full  of  wine,  dranke  to  him  thereof,  and  sent  it  to  him  for  his  fee,  togither 
with  the  cover.  Now  after  this,  at  the  serving  up  of  the  wafers,  the  Lord  Maior 
of  London  went  to  the  cupboord,  and  filling  a  cup  of  gold  with  ipocrasse,  bare 
it  to  the  Queene,  and  kneeling  before  hir,  tooke  the  assaie,  and  she  receiving  it 
of  him,  and  drinking  of  it,  gave  the  cup  with  the  cover  unto  the  said  Lord  Maior 
for  his  fee,  which  cup  and  cover  weighed  sixteen  ounces  Troy  weight.  Finallie, 
this  feast  being  celebrated  with  all  Roial  Ceremonies  and  high  solemnities,  due 
and  in  like  cases  accustomed,  took  end  with  great  joy  and  contentation  to  all  the 
beholders. 

Item  fyrst  her  Grace  satt  in  a  chayre  of  estate,  in  the  middle  of  the  Church 
before  the  high  aulter ;  and  imediately  hir  Grace  was  conducted  from  the  said 
chayre  and  lede  between  two  Lords  to  be  proclaimed  by  a  Byshop  Queene  of 
Inglande  at  iiii  placys  and  the  trompetts  blowinge  at  every  proclamacon.  And 
imediately  the  Queenes  Majestie  was  brought  to  the  chayre  of  estate  and  imedi- 
ately hir  Grace  was  lede  byfore  the  high  aulter  and  there  sittinge  a  Bysshop  the 
Queenes  Majtie  kneeling  byfore  the  Bysshop  and  kissed  the  patyn  her  Grace 
offered  money  and  the  Bisshop  laid  it  in  the  basyne  and  immediately  offerid  a 
part  of  red  sylke  wherein  the  paten  was  covered.  And  immediately  hir  Highnes 
sat  in  a  chayre  byfore  the  aulter  there  being  a  Bisshop  in  the  pulpitt  preaching  a 
Sermon  byfore  the  Queenes  Majtie  and  all  the  Lords  Spirituall  andTempall.  And 
after  the  Sermon  done,  the  Bysshopp  bade  the  beads  her  Grace  voyde  out  of 
the  chayre  knelynge  and  said  the  Lords  Prayer.  And  aftir  that  hir  Grace  satt  in 
hir  chayre  and  the  Bysshop  gave  hir  a  booke  which  shee  had  takeing  hir  oathe. 
And  after  that,  the  Bysshop,  knelynge  byfore  the  aulter  red  in  two  bookes  and 
hir  Grace  gave  a  little  booke  to  a  Lord  to  deliver  unto  the  Bysshop.  And  he 
received  the  booke.  The  Bysshop  retornyd  the  booke  to  the  Lorde,  not  reading 
the  said  booke,  and  red  other  books.  And  imediately  ye  Bisshop  tooke  the 
Queenes  booke  and  red  it  byfore  the  Queene  her  Grace.  And  after  that  hir  Grace 
kneeled  byfore  the  aulter.  And  the  Bysshop  red  a  booke  byfore  hir  Grace. 
And  immediately  her  Grace  went  to  shift  her  apparell.     And  the  Bysshop  sang 

the of  the  masse  in  a   booke   which  was   brought   in    byfore    the 

Queene  and  than  and  there  was  a  carpet  with  kussyns  of  golde  spread  before  the 


6*2  THE    aUEEN's    CORONATION,    1558-Q. 

aulter.     And  Secretary  Cycill  delivered  a  booke  to  the  Busshop,  and  there  was  a 
Bysshop  standing  at  the  left  hand  of  the  aulter. 

Item,  The  Queenes  Majtie  being  new  apparelled  came  byfore  the  aulter  and 
leand  upon  the  kussene  and  over  her  was  spread  a  reed  silken  cloth.  And  than 
and  there  the  Bysshop  anoynted  her  Grace.  And  y*  done  changing  apparell  her 
Grace  retorned,  and  satt  in  her  chayre.  And  ther  was  a  sworde  with  a  girdele 
putt  over  her  &  upon  one  of  her  shoulders  and  under  the  other:  And  soe  the 
sword  hangeing  by  her  side.  And  after  that  two  gartares  uppon  her  hands  ;  and 
than  one  crowne  put  the  Bysshop  uppon  her  hedde,  and  than  trompetts  sounding, 
and  the  Bysshopp  put  a  ringe  upon  her  finger  and  delivered  the  septre  in  her 
hand,  and  then  after  the  Bysshop  sat  a  crowne  upon  her  heed  and  the 
trompetts  sounding.  And  aftir  that  hir  Grace  offend  the  sword  and  laid  it 
uppon  the  aulter  and  retorned  kneelinge.  And  the  Bysshop  readeinge  upon 
a  booke  and  shee  haveing  the  scepter  and  a  crosse  in  her  hand,  and  aftir  that  hir 
Grace  retorned  to  the  chayer  of  estate.  And  then  the  Bysshop  put  his  hand  to 
the  Queenes  hand  and  read  certaine  wordes  to  her  Grace.  And  then  the  Lords 
went  up  to  her  Grace  kneeling  uppon  their  knees  and  kissed  her  Grace.  And 
after  the  Lords  had  done,  the  Bysshopps  came  one  after  another  kneeling  and 
kissing  her  Grace.  And  after  that  the  Bisshop  began  the  Masse,  the  Queenes 
Majtie  haveinge  the^septer  in  the  right  hand  and  the  world  l  in  the  left  hand,  the 
Epystel  red  fyrst  in  Latyn  and  after  that  in  Inglish.  And  after  that  the  Bysshop 
brought  her  Grace  the  Gospell  which  also  was  read  first  in  Latyn  and  after  in 
Englishe  :  and  shee  kyssed  the  words  of  the  Gospell.  And  imediately  after  her 
Majtie  went  to  the  offering,  and  byfore  hir  Grace  was  borne  iii  naked  swordes  and 
a  sword  in  the  scabbard,  and  her  Grace  kneelyng  byfore  the  aulter  and  kissed  the 
patyn,  and  offeryd  certain  money  into  the  bassyn,  &  than  and  there  was  rede  to  her 
Grace  certaine  wordes.  And  then  her  Grace  retorned  into  her  closett  hearing  the 
consecration  of  the  Masse,  and  hir  Grace  kissed  the  pax.  And  when  Masse  was 
done  her  Grace  removed  behinde  the  high  aulter  and  than  and  there  her  Majtie 
changed  her  apparrell,  and  so  her  Majtie  was  conducted  from  the  Abby  to  West- 
minster-hall and  there  dyned  2. 

1  "  Mound,  or  Globe"  in  the  margin. 

2  In  Harl.  MSS.  No  1386,  the  Queen's  title  occurs  thus  :  "  Of  the  most  high  and  mightye  Prineesse 
our  dread  Sovereigne  Lady  Elizabeth,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  Queene  of  England,  France,  and  Irelande, 
defender  of  the  trewe  auncient  and  Catholic  faithe,  most  worthy  Empresse  from  the  Orcade  Isles  to 
the  Mountaynes  Pyrenei.     A  Larges.     A  Larges.     A  Larges." 


THE    aUEEN's    CORONATION,    1558-0.  63 

On  the  16th  of  January,  in  honour  of  the  Queen's  Coronation,  were  great 
justings  at  the  Tilt;  there  being  four  Challengers,  whereof  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk was  the  first.    And,  on  the  1/th,  was  turneying  at  the  barriers  at  Whitehall. 

On  Wednesday  the  five-and-twentith  of  Januarie  the  Parlement  began,  the 
Queenes  Majestie  riding  in  hir  Parlement  Robes,  from  hir  Palace  of  Whitehall, 
unto  the  Abbeie  Church  of  Westminster,  with  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Tem- 
porall  attending  her  likewise  in  their  Parlement  Robes.  Before  the  states  of 
Parliament,  Dr.  Coxe,  late  come  from  beyond  the  seas,  and  sometime  schoole- 
master  to  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  made  a  learned  Sermon. 

In  this  Parliament,  adds  Stow,  the  first  fruits  and  tenths  were  granted  to  the 
Crowne,  and  also  the  Supreame  Government  over  the  State  Ecclesiasticall.  Like- 
wise, the  book  of  Common  Prayer,  and  Administration  of  the  Sacraments  in  our 
vulgar  tong,  was  restored,  to  be  done  as  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  the  Sixth. 
Moreover,  in  the  time  of  this  Parliament,  a  motion  was  made  by  the  Commons 
House,  that  the  Queenes  Majestie  might  bee  sued  unto,  to  grant  her  Grace's 
licence  to  the  Speaker,  Knights,  Citizens,  and  Burgesses,  to  have  accesse  unto 
her  Grace's  presence,  to  declare  unto  her  matter  of  great  importance  concerning 
the  state  of  this  her  Grace's  Real  me.  The  which  petition  being  mooved  to  her 
Grace,  shee  most  honourablie  agreed  and  consented  thereunto,  and  assigned  a  day 
of'  hearing.  When  the  day  came,  the  Speaker  and  the  Commons  House  resorted 
unto  her  Grace's  Palace  at  Westminster,  called  the  White-hall  ;  and  in  the  great 
gallery  there,  her  Grace  most  honorably  shewed  herselfe  ready  to  heare  their  mo- 
tion and  petition.  And  when  the  Speaker  had  solemnly  and  eloquently  set  forth 
the  message,  the  speciall  matter  whereof  was  to  rnoove  her  Grace  to  marryage, 
whereby  to  all  our  comforts  wee  might  enjoy  the  Royall  issue  of  her  bodie  to 
raigne  over  us,  &c. 

The  Queenes  Majestie,  after  a  little  pause,  made  this  answere  : 

"  As  I  have  good  cause,  so  doe  I  give  you  all  my  hearty  thankes  for  the  good 
zeale  and  loving  care  you  seeme  to  have,  as  well  towardes  mee,  as  to  the  whole 
estate  of  your  country.  Your  petition,  I  perceive,  consisteth  of  three  partes  ;  and 
mine  answere  to  the  same  shall  depend  of  two. 

"  And  to  the  first  part,  I  may  say  unto  you,  that  from  my  yeeres  of  understanding, 
sith  I  first  had  consideration  of  my  life,  to  be  born  a  servitor  of  Almightie  God,  I 
happily  chose  this  kinde  of  life  in  the  which  I  yet  live,  which  I  assure  you  for  mine 
owne  parte  hath  hitherto  best  contented  my selfe,  and  I  trust  hath  beene  most  ac- 


64  THE    QUEEN'S    CORONATION,    I558-9. 

ceptable  unto  God.     From  the  which,  if  either  ambition  of  high  estate  offered  to 
mee  in  marryage  by  the  pleasure  and  appointment  of  my  Prince,  whereof  I  have 
some  records  in  this  presence  (as  you  our  Treasurer  wel  know)  ;  or  if  eschewing  the 
danger  of  mine  enemies,  or  the  avoyding  of  the  perill  of  death,  whose  messenger, 
or  rather  a  continual  watchman,  the  Princess'  indignation  was  no  little  time  dailie 
before  mine  eyes,  by  whose  meanes,  although  I  know,  or  justly  may  suspect,  yet  1 
will  not  now  utter,  or  if  the  whole  cause  were  in  my  Sister  herselfe,  I  will  not  now 
burthen  her  therewith,  because  I  will  not  charge  the  dead :  if  any  of  these,  1  say, 
could  have  drawne  or  disswaded  me  from  this  kinde  of  life,  I  hadde  not  nowe  re- 
mained in  this  estate  wherein  you  see  mee ;  but  so  constant  have  I  alwayes  continued 
in  this  determination,  although  my  youth  and  wordes  may  seeme  to  some  hardly 
to  agree  together  ;  yet  it  is  most  true,  that  at  this  day  I  stand  free  from  any  other 
meaning,  that  either  I  have  had  in  times  past,  or  have  at  this  present,  with  which 
trade  of  life  I  am  so  thoroughly  acquainted,  that  I  trust  God,  who  hath  hitherto 
therein  preserved  and  led  me  by  the  hand,  will  not  of  his  goodnesse  suffer  me  to 
goe  alone.  For  the  other  part,  the  manner  of  your  petition  I  doe  well  like,  and  take  it 
in  good  parte,  because  that  it  is  simple,  and  containeth  no  limitation  of  place  or  per- 
son ;  if  it  had  been  otherwise,  I  must  needs  have  misliked  it  very  much,  and  thought 
it  in  you  a  very  great  presumption,  being  unfitting  and  altogether  unmeete  for  you 
to  require  them  that  may  command,  or  those  to  appoynt  whose  parts  are  to  desire, 
or  such  to  bind  and  limite  whose  duties  are  to  obey,  or  to  take  upon  you  to  drawe 
my  love  to  your  likings,  or  to  frame  my  will  to  your  fantasie ;  for  a  guerdon  con- 
strained and  gift  freely  given  can  never  agree  together.     Neverthelesse,  if  any  of 
you  be  in  suspect,  that  whensoever  it  maie  please  God  to  incline  my  heart  to  ano- 
ther kind  of  life,  you  may  well  assure  yourselves,  my  meaning  is  not  to  doe  or  de- 
termine any  thing  wherewith  the  Realme  may  or  shall  have  just  cause  to  be  discon- 
tented.    And  therefore  put  that  cleane  out  of  your  heads  ;  for  I  assure  you,  what 
credit  my  assurance  may  have  with  you  I  cannot  tell,  but  what  credit  it  shall  de- 
serve to  have  the  sequele  shall  declare,  I  will  never  in  that  matter  conclude  any 
thing  that  shall  bee  prejudiciall  to  the  Realme  :  for  the  weale,  good,  and  safetie 
whereof  I  will  never  shun  to  spend  my  life.     And  whomsoever  my  chance  shall 
bee  to  light  upon,  I  trust  hee  shall  be  such,  as  shall  be  as  carefull  for  the  Realme 
and  you,  I  will  not  say  as  myselfe,  because  I  cannot  so  certainely  determine  of  any 
other  ;  but  at  the  least  wise,  by  my  good  will  and  desire,  hee  shall  be  such  as  shall 
bee  as  carefull  for  the  preservation  of  the  Realme,  and  you,  as  myselfe.    And  albeit 


THE    ftUEEN's    FIRST   SPEECH   IN    PARLIAMENT.  65 

it  might  please  Almighty  God  to  continue  me  still  in  this  mind  to  live  out  of  the 
state  of  marryage,  yet  is  it  not  to  be  feared  but  hee  will  so  worke  in  my  heart  and 
in  your  wisdomes  as  good  provision  by  his  helpe  may  bee  made  convenient, 
whereby  the  Realme  shall  not  remaine  destitute  of  an  heire  that  may  be  a  fitte 
governor,  and  peradventure  more  beneficall  to  the  Realme  that  such  of-spring  as 
may  come  of  mee.  For  though  I  bee  never  so  carefull  of  your  well-doings,  and 
minde  ever  so  to  be,  yet  may  issue  grow  out  of  kind,  and  become  perhaps  un- 
gracious. And  in  the  end  this  shall  be  for  me  sufficient,  that  a  marble  stone 
shall  declare,  that  a  Queene  having  raigned  such  a  time,  lived  and  died  a  Vir- 
gine.  And  here  I  end,  and  take  your  coming  unto  me  in  good  part,  and  give 
unto  you  all  eftsoones  my  hearty  thanks,  more  yet  for  your  zeal  and  good  mean- 
ing, than  for  your  petition." 


The  Queen's  Progresses  in  1559,  1560,  and  1561 ;  including  some  of 
the  more  remarkable  Public  Events  in  those  Years1. 

April  7,  1550,  a  Gentlewoman  was  buried  at  St.  Thomas  of  Acre,  whose  funeral 
being  performed  after  a  different  way  from  the  then  common  superstitious  and 
ceremonial  custom,  my  journalist  sets  it  down  as  a  matter  worthy  his  noting  : 
and  writes,  that  she  was  brought  from  St.  Bartholomew's  besides  Lothbury, 
with  a  great  company  of  people,  walking  two  and  two,  and  neither  priests  nor 
clerks  present  [who  used  ever  to  be  present  (and  that  in  considerable  numbers) 
at  the  burials  of  persons  of  any  note,  going  before,  and  singing  for  the  soul  of 
the  departed].  But  instead  of  them  went  the  new  preachers  in  their  gowns; 
and  they  neither  singing  nor  saying  till  they  came  to  the  church.  And  then, 
before  the  corpse  was  put  into  the  grave,  a  collect  was  said  in  English  [whereas 
before  time  all  was  said  in  Latin].  And  the  body  being  laid  in  the  grave,  one 
took  earth,  and  cast  it  on  the  corpse,  and  read  something  that  belonged  to  the 
same  ;  and  incontinently  they  covered  it  with  the  earth  ;  and  then  was  read  the 
Epistle  out  of  St.  Paul  to  the  Thessalonians  for  the  occasion  2.     And  after  this 

1  Principally,  but  not  entirely,  from  Strype. 

•  Perhaps  the  place  where  it  begins,  "  But  I  would  not  have  you  ignorant,  brethren,  concerning 
them  which  are  asleep,  that  ye  sorrow  not  even  as  others  which  have  no  hope,"  &c.  1  Thess.  iv.  13. 
Unless  here  is  a  mistake,  and  the  Thessalonians  put  for  the  Corinthians ;  the  Epistle  that  is  appointed 
in  our  Common  Prayer  Book  to  be  read  at  funerals. 
VOL.  I.  K 


66  REMARKABLE  EVENTS  IN  1559- 

they  sung  the  Pater  Noster  in  English,  as  well  preachers  as  all  the  company, 
women  not  excepted,  after  a  new  fashion.  And,  after  all,  one  went  into  the  pul- 
pit, and  made  a  Sermon.  This  was  accounted  strange  at  this  time  ;  but  it  seems 
to  be  partly  the  office  of  burial  used  in  King  Edward's  time,  and  some  other  ad- 
ditions to  it.  And  this  was  somewhat  boldly  done,  when  as  yet  the  old  religion 
was  in  force. 

April  8,  peace  was  proclaimed  between  the  Queen,  and  Henry  the  French 
King,  the  Dolphin  of  France  and  Scotland,  for  ever ;  and  all  hostilities  to  cease 
both  by  land  and  sea.  It  was  proclaimed  with  six  trumpeters,  five  Heralds  of 
Arms,  Garter,  Clarencieux,  Lancaster,  Rouge-cross,  and  Blewmantle,  and  the 
Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen  in  their  scarlet. 

A  Proclamation  was  also  made  the  same  day  against  players,  that  they  should 
play  no  more  till  a  certain  time,  to  whomsoever  they  belonged.  And  if  they 
did,  the  Mayor,  Sheriffs,  Bailiffs,  Constables,  or  other  officers,,  were  to  apprehend 
them,  and  carry  them  to  prison. 

April  12,  the  corpse  of  Sir  Rice  Mansfield,  Knight,  was  brought  from  Clerken- 
well  unto  the  Blackfryers,  with  two  Heralds,  and  the  rest  of  the  ceremonies  usual : 
24  priests  and  clerks  singing  before  him,  all  in  Latin.  The  Fryars  Church  was 
hung  with  black  and  coats  of  arms.  The  Dirige  was  sung,  both  in  the  parish 
where  he  died,  and  likewise  where  he  was  buried.  There  were  carried  along 
with  him  four  banners  of  Saints,  and  many  other  banners.  The  morrow  masses 
were  said  in  both  churches.  Afterward  was  his  standard,  coat,  helmet,  and  target, 
offered  up  at  the  high  altar.  And  all  this  being  performed,  the  company  retired 
to  his  place  to  dinner.  This  was  the  common  way  of  funerals  of  persons  of 
quality  in  the  Popish  times. 

The day  of  April,  the  Queen's  Ambassadors,  viz.  the  Lord  Chamberlain, 

the  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely  *,  and  Dr.  Wootton 2,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  returned 
from  France. 

The  22d  day  of  the  said  month,  the  Lord  Wentworth,  the  late  and  last  Lord 
Deputy  of  Calais,  was  brought  from  the  Tower  to  Westminster,  to  be  arraigned 
for  losing  of  that  place.     Several  were  his  accusers  ;  but  he  acquitted  himself,  and 

J  Dr.  Richard  Cox,  1559—1594. 

9  Nicholas  Wotton,  LL.  D.  was  the  first  Dean  of  Canterbury  after  the  Charter  of  Incorporation  on 
the  Dissolution  of  the  Priory,  dated  May  26,  1543.     He  died  Jan  26,  1565-6. 


THE    GLUEEN    ON    THE   THAMES,    1559«  6j 

was  cleared  by  his  Peers  ;  and  went  thence  unto  Whittington  College,  where  he 
afterwards  lived. 

April  23,  being  St.  George's  day,  the  Queen  went  about  the  Hall  [in  White- 
hall Palace],  and  all  the  Knights  of  the  Garter,  and  about  the  Court,  singing  in 
procession.  The  same  day  in  the  afternoon  were  four  Knights  elected,  viz.  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Marquis  of  Northampton,  the  Earl  of  Rutland,  and  the  Lord 
Robert  Dudley,  Master  of  the  Queen's  Horse. 

The  same  day  the  Queen  in  the  afternoon  went  to  Baynard's  Castle,  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke's  Place,  and  supped  with  him,  and  after  supper  she  took  a  boat,  and  was 
rowed  up  and  down  in  the  River  Thames ;  hundreds  of  boats  and  barges  rowing 
about  her ;  and  thousands  of  people  thronging  at  the  water-side,  to  look  upon 
her  Majesty ;  rejoicing  to  see  her,  and  partaking  of  the  musick  and  sights  on  the 
Thames ;  for  the  trumpets  blew,  drums  beat,  flutes  played,  guns  were  discharged, 
squibs  hurled  up  into  the  air,  as  the  Queen  moved  from  place  to  place.  And  this 
continued  till  ten  of  the  clock  at  night,  when  the  Queen  departed  home.  By 
these  means  shewing  herself  so  freely  and  condescendingly  unto  her  people,  she 
made  herself  dear  and  acceptable  unto  them. 

May  12,  Sunday,  the  English  Service  began  at  the  Queen's  Chapel,  which  was 
but  four  days  after  the  use  of  it  was  enacted,  and  before  it  was  enjoined  to  take 
place  by  Act  of  Parliament,  which  was  at  St.  John  Baptist's  day. 

May  22,  the  Bishop  of  London's  Palace,  and  the  Dean  of  Paul's  house, 
with  several  other  houses  of  the  Canons  and  Prebendaries  of  the  said  Church, 
were  taken  up  for  the  French  Ambassadors,  Monsieur  Montmorancy,  &c.  and 
their  retinue. 

The  23d,  they  came,  and  landed  at  Tower  Wharf,  where  many  Lords  and 
Nobles  came  to  meet  them,  and  conducted  them  to  their  said  lodgings. 

The  24th,  they  were  brought  from  the  Bishop's  Palace  through  Fleet-street, 
by  the  greatest  Nobles  about  the  Court,  to  the  Queen's  Palace  to  supper.  The 
Hall  and  the  Great  Chamber  of  Presence  was  hung  with  very  rich  cloth  of  arras, 
and  cloth  of  state.  There  was  extraordinary  cheer  at  supper,  and,  after  that  as 
goodly  a  banquet  as  had  been  seen,  with  all  manner  of  musick  and  entertainment 
till  midnight. 

The  25th,  they  were  brought  to  Court  with  musick  to  dinner,  and  after  a 
splendid  dinner,  they  were  entertained  with  the  baiting  of  bears  and  bulls  with 
English  dogs.     The  Queen's  Grace  herself  and  the  Ambassadors  stood   in  the 


6*8  THE    FRENCH    AMBASSADORS    ENTERTAINED,    &C.    1559. 

gallery  looking  on  the  pastime  till  six  at  night.  After  that  they  went  by  water 
unto  Paul's  Wharf,  and  landed  there,  to  go  to  their  lodgings  at  the  Bishop's 
Palace  to  supper.  It  was  observed  of  these  Ambassadors  that  they  were  most 
gorgeously  apparelled. 

The  26th,  they  took  barge  at  Paul's  Wharf,  and  so  to  Paris  Garden,  where  was 
to  be  another  baiting  of  bulls  and  bears;  and  the  Captain,  with  an  hundred  of 
the  Guard,  kept  room  for  them  against  they  came,  that  they  might  have  place  to 
see  the  sport. 

The  28th,  the  French  Ambassadors  went  away,  taking  their  barge  towards 
Gravees-end ;  and  carried  with  them  many  mastiffs  given  them,  for  hunting 
their  wolves. 

June  2,  was  buried  in  Little  St.  Bartholomew's  the  Lady  Barnes,  late  wife  of 
Sir  George  Barnes,  Knight,  sometime  Lord  Mayor  of  London.  She  gave  to 
many  poor  men  and  women  russet  gowns  ;  and  to  the  poor  men  and  women  of 
Calais  [who  now,  being  driven  out  thence  from  their  habitations,  trades,  and 
estates  into  England,  and  that  in  great  numbers,  were  no  doubt  in  great  straits] 
she  gave  so  much  apiece  in  money,  and  an  hundred  black  gowns  and  coats. 
There  attended  the  funeral  Mr.  Clarencieux,  and  twenty  Clerks  singing  afore 
her  to  the  Church,  all  in  English  :  all  the  Place  [i.  e.  her  house],  and  the  streets 
through  which  they  passed,  and  the  church,  all  hung  in  black  and  coats  of  arms. 
Being  come  to  the  Church,  and  the  English  procession  sung,  Mr.  Home  made  a 
Sermon  ;  after  that,  the  clerks  sung  Te  Deum  in  English  ;  then  the  corps  was 
buried  with  something  sung.  I  suppose  it  was  the  versicles,  beginning,  "  Man 
that  is  born  of  a  woman,"  &c. 

June  6,  St.  George's  feast  was  kept  at  Windsor.  The  Earl  of  Pembroke  was 
the  Queen's  Substitute.  There  were  stalled  at  that  time  the  four  Noblemen  that 
were  lately  elected  into  the  Order.  There  was  great  feasting ;  and  that  day  the 
Communion  and  English  Service  began  to  be  celebrated  there. 

June  11,  being  St.  Barnabas  day,  the  Apostle's  Mass  ceased,  and  no  Mass  was 
said  any  more  at  St.  Paul's :  and  on  that  day  Dr.  Sandys  preached ;  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  Aldermen,  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  and  many  of  the  Court,  present. 
And  now  Dr.  May,  sometime  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  but  deposed,  took  possession 
of  his  place  in  the  Church  as  Dean  ;  and  that  afternoon  was  none  of  the  old  Even 
Song  there,  and  so  abolished. 

The  same  day,  about  eight  of  the  clock  at  night,  the  Queen  took  her  barge  at 


THE    QUEEN   AT    GREENWICH,    1559-  6Q 

White-hall,  and  many  more  barges  attended  her,  rowing  for  her  pleasure  along 
the  Bankside,  by  the  Bishop  of  Winchester's  ;  and  so  crossing  over  to  London 
side,  with  drums  beating  and  trumpets  sounding,  and  so  to  White-hall  again. 

June  28.  The  Justs  at  Paris,  wherein  the  K.  Dolphins  two  Heraulds  were 
appareld  with  the  Arms  of  England  and  Scotland1. 

July  2,  the  City  of  London  entertained  the  Queen  at  Greenwich  2  with  a  muster, 

1  Burleigh,  vol.  II.  p.  749. 

2  Greenwich  Palace  having  been  (as  we  have  seen,  p.  1)  the  birth-place  of  the  renowned  Elizabeth, 
and  her  favourite  summer  residence  after  she  came  to  the  Throne ;  I  shall  stand  excused  in  recording 
its  history  from  the  first  traces  of  its  becoming  a  Royal  Palace ;  which  was  so  early  as  the  year 
1300,  when  Edward  I.  made  an  offering  of  fs.  at  each  of  the  Holy  Crosses  in  the  Chapel  of  the 
Virgin  Mary  at  Greenwich,  and  the  Prince  made  an  offering  of  half  that  sum. 

Henry  IV.  dates  his  will,  in  1408,  from  his  manor  of  Greenwich. 

Henry  V.  granted  this  manor  for  life,  to  Thomas  Beaufort,  Duke  of  Exeter,  who  died  at  Green- 
wich in  1417. 

It  was  granted  soon  afterwards  to  Humphrey  Duke  of  Gloucester,  the  King's  Uncle,  who,  in  1443, 
had  the  Royal  Licence  to  fortify  and  embattle  his  manor-house,  and  to  make  a  park  of  200  acres. 
Soon  after  this  the  Duke  rebuilt  the  Palace,  calling  it  Placentia,  or  the  Manor  of  Plesaunce;  he  in- 
closed the  park  also,  and  erected  within  it  a  tower  on  the  spot  where  the  Observatory  now  stands.  On 
the  Duke  of  Gloucester's  death,  in  1447,  this  manor  reverted  to  the  Crown.  Edward  IV.  took  great 
pleasure  and  bestowed  much  cost  in  finishing  and  enlarging  the  Palace.  In  1466,  he  granted  the 
manor,  with  the  Palace  and  Park,  to  his  Queen,  Elizabeth,  for  life.  In  this  Reign  the  marriage  of 
Richard  Duke  of  York  with  Anne  Mowbray  was  solemnized  at  Greenwich  with  great  splendour. 

Henry  VII.  resided  much  at  this  place;  where  his  second  son  (afterwards  Henry  VIII.),  and  his 
third  son,  Edmund  Tudor  (created  Duke  of  Somerset),  were  born.  Lambarde  says,  that  he  beauti- 
fied the  Palace  by  the  addition  of  a  brick  front  towards  the  water-side.  Stow  mentions  his  repairing 
the  Palace  in  1501. 

Henry  VIII.  was  born  at  Greenwich,  June  28,  1491;  and  was  baptized  in  the  Parish  Church  by 
the  Bishop  of  Exeter;  Lord  Privy  Seal,  the  Earl  of  Oxford,  and  the  Bishop  of  Winchester  (Courtney), 
being  his  Godfathers.  This  Monarch,  from  partiality  perhaps  to  the  place  of  his  birth,  neglected 
Eltham,  which  had  been  the  favourite  residence  of  his  ancestors ;  and  bestowed  great  costs  upon 
Greenwich,  till  he  had  made  it,  as  Lambarde  says,  "a  pleasant,  perfect,  and  princely  Palace."  During 
his  Reign  it  became  one  of  the  principal  scenes  of  that  festivity  for  which  his  Court  was  celebrated. 
King  Henry's  marriage  with  his  first  Queen,  Katharine  of  Arragon,  was  solemnized  at  Greenwich, 
June  3,  1510.  On  May-day  1511,  and  the  two  following  days,  were  held  tournaments,  in  which  the 
King,  Sir  Edward  Howard,  Charles  Brandon,  and  Edward  Neville,  challenged  all  comers.  In  1512, 
the  King  kept  his  Christmas  here  "  with  great  and  plentiful  cheer ;"  and  again  in  1513,  "  with  great 
solemnity,  dancing,  disguisings,  and  mummers,  in  a  most  princely  manner."  At  this  celebrity  wa3 
introduced  the  first  masquerade  ever  seen  in  England.  Hall's  account  of  the  festivities  of  this  Christ- 
mas is  as  follows  :  "  The  Kyng  this  yere  kept  the  feast  of  Christmas  at  Grenewiche,  wher  was  suche 


70  THE    GtUEEN    AT   GREENWICH,    1559. 

each  company  sending  out  a  certain  number  of  men  at  arms  [1400  in  all,  saith 
Stow],  to  her  great  delight  and  satisfaction  ;  whose  satisfaction  satisfied  the  Citi- 
zens as  much;  and  this  created  mutual  love  and  affection.  On  the  1st  of  July 
they  marched  out  of  London  in  coats  of  velvet  and  chains  of  gold,  with  guns, 

abundance  of  viandes  served  to  all  comers  of  any  honest  behaviour,  as  hath  been  fewe  times  seen : 
and  against  New  Yere's  night  was  made,  in  the  hall,  a  castle,  gates,  towers,  and  dungion,  garnished 
with  artilerie,  and  weapon  after  the  most  warlike  fashion  :  and  on  the  frount  of  the  Castle  was  writ- 
ten, Le  Fortresse  Dangerus;  and  within  the  Castle  wer  six  Ladies  clothed  in  russet  satin  laide  all  over 
with  leves  of  golde,  and  every  owde  knit  with  laces  of  blewe  silke  and  golde :  on  their  heddes,  coyfes 
and  cappes  all  of  gold.  After  this  Castle  had  been  carried  about  the  hal,  and  the  (Quene  had  behelde 
it,  in  came  the  Kyng,  with  five  other  appareled  in  coates,  the  .one  halfe  of  russet  satyn,  spangled  with 
spangels  of  fine  gold,  the  other  halfe  rich  clothe  of  gold  ;  on  ther  heddes  cappes  of  russet  satin  em- 
broudered  with  works  of  fine  gold  bullion.  These  six  assaulted  the  Castle  ;  the  Ladies,  seyng  them 
so  lustie  and  coragious,  wer  content  to  solace  with  them,  and  upon  farther  communication,  to  yeld 
the  Castle,  and  so  thei  came  down  and  daunced  a  long  space.  And  after  the  Ladies  led  the  Knightes 
into  the  Castle,  and  then  the  Castle  sodainly  vanished  out  of  their  sightes.  On  the  daie  of  the  Epi- 
phanie  at  night,  the  Kyng  with  xi  other  wer  disguised  after  the  maner  of  Italie,  called  a  maske,  a 
thing  not  seen  afore  in  Englande  ;  thei  wer  appareled  in  garmentes  long  and  brode,  wrought  all  with 
gold,  with  visers  and  cappes  of  gold ;  and  after  the  banket  doen,  these  maskers  came  in  with  six 
Gentlemen  disguised  in  silke,  bearing  staffe  torches,  and  desired  the  Ladies  to  daunce  ;  some  were 
content,  and  some  that  knewe  the  fashion  of  it  refused,  because  it  was  not  a  thyng  commonly  seen. 
And  after  thei  daunced  and  commoned  together  as  the  fashion  of  the  maske  is,  thei  tooke  their  leave 
and  departed,  and  so  did  the  Queue  and  all  the  Ladies."  May  13,  1515,  the  marriage  of  Mary 
Queen  Dowager  of  France  (Henry's  sister)  with  Charles  Brandon  Duke  of  Suflolk  was  publicly 
solemnized  at  Greenwich.  Solemn  tournaments  were  held  there  in  1517,  1526,  and  1536.  The 
King  kept  his  Christmas  at  Greenwich  in  1521,  "  with  great  nobleness  and  open  Court  5"  and  again 
in  1525.  In  1527,  he  received  the  French  embassy  at  this  place.  The  same  year  he  kept  his 
Christmas  here,  "  with  revels,  masks,  disguisings,  and  banquets  royal  j"  as  he  did  again  in  1533,  in 
1537,  and  in  1543  :  the  last-mentioned  year  he  entertained  twenty-one  of  the  Scottish  Nobility  whom 
he  had  taken  prisoners  at  Salom  Moss,  and  gave  them  their  liberty  without  ransom. 

Edward  VI.  kept  his  Christmas  at  Greenwich,  in  1552-3 ;  George  Ferrers,  Esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn 
being  "  Lorde  of  the  merrie  disporte."  This  amiable  young  Monarch  closed  his  short  Reign  at 
Greenwich  Palace  on  the  6th  of  July  following. 

Queen  Mary  was  born  at  Greenwich,  Feb.  8,  1515  ;  and  was  baptized  the  Wednesday  following ; 
Cardinal  Wolsey  being  her  God-father,  the  Lady  Catherine  and  the  Duchess  of  Norfolk  her  God- 
mothers. 

Queen  Elizabeth  was  born  at  this  Palace,  Sept.  7, 1533  ;  and  in  1559,  was  entertained  there  by  the 
City  of  London  with  the  muster  above  described.  The  same  year  a  Council  sat  at  Greenwich,  in 
which  it  was  determined  to  be  contrary  to  law  for  any  Nuncio  from  the  Pope  to  enter  this  Realm. 

See  Lysons's  Environs  of  London,  vol.  IV.  pp.  429—437,  and  the  several  authorities  there  cited. 


THE    Q.UEEN   AT    GREENWICH,    1559. 


71 


moris  pikes,  halberds,  and  flags;  and  so  over  London  Bridge  unto  the  Duke  of  Suf- 
folk's Park  in  South wark;  where  they  all  mustered  before  the  Lord  Mayor,  and  lay 
abroad  in  St.  George's  Fields  all  that  night.  The  next  morning  they  removed  to- 
wards Greenwich  to  the  Court  there ;  and  thence  to  Greenwich  Park.  Here  they 
tarried  till  eight  of  the  clock ;  then  they  marched  down  into  the  Lawn,  and  mus- 
tered in  their  arms:  all  the  gunners  in  shirts  of  mail.  At  five  of  the  clock  at  night 
the  Queen  came  into  the  Gallery  over  the  Park  Gate,  with  the  Ambassadors,  Lords 
and  Ladies,  to  a  great  number.  The  Lord  Marquis,  Lord  Admiral,  Lord  Dudley, 
and  divers  other  Lords  and  Knights,  rode  to  and  fro  to  view  them,  and  to  set  the  two 
battles  in  array  to  skirmish  before  the  Queen;  then  came  the  trumpets  to  blow  on 
each  part,  the  drums  beating,  and  the  flutes  playing1.  There  were  given  three  onsets 
in  every  battle ;  the  guns  discharged  on  one  another,  the  moris  pikes  encountered 

1  The  Charges  of  the  Denners,  the  Sondaye  the  iide  daye  of  July,  and  Mondaye  the  iii'1  daye  of 
July  [1559],  and  for  the  Mete  and  Drynke  of  xii  Souldyers,  ii  Armerers,  and  ii  other  that  wayted  on 
them,  on  Satterdaye  the  fyrste  daye  of  July,  and  Sondaye  at  night  supper,  which  Sowdyers  were 
sente  by  the  Quenes  commandement  in  a  Muster  with  Londeners  before  the  Quenes  Majeste  at 
Grenewytche. 


Imprimis,   for  iiii  dozyn        brede  and 

one  q.  4s.  7d. 

Item,  for  a  bushell  of  fyne  flowre  4s.  Od. 

Item,  for  a  kylderkyn  of  duble  bere  2s.  4d. 

Item,  for  drynke  fetched  at  the  ale  howse  1  Id. 

Item,  for  drynke  and  chese  for  the  Sow- 

diers            -             -             -             -  Is.  4d. 

Item,  for  a  kylderkyn  of  duble  duble  ale  4s.  6d. 

Item,  for  a  stande  of  small  ale  2s.  Od. 

Item, for  butter  and  satlefyshe  on  Satter- 
daye for  the  sowdyers           -             -  Is.  8d. 

Item,  for  pescodds  for  the  sowdyers  2s.  ob. 

Item,  for  vi  pounde  of  suett     -             -  Is.  4d. 

Item,  for  viii  mary-bones         -             -  Is.  8d. 

Item,  for  iiii  breasts  and  ii  necks  of  vele  4d. 

Item,  for  surloyne  pece  of  beffe  2s.  Od. 

Item,  for  iii  quarters  and  ii  neckes  of 

motton  to  bake  venyson  wyse  6s.  lOd. 

Item,  for  ix  gese         -  10s.  2d. 

Item,  xiiii  capons       -                               24s.  8d. 

Item,  for  xv  rabetts                 -             -  5s.  Od. 

Item,  for  viii  chikens               -             -  4s.  Od. 

Item,  halfe  hundreth  of  eggs                -  3s.  6d. 


Item,  ii  ronds  of  freshe  sturgion 

Item,  for  perfume  -    ^ 

Item,  for  a  pynte  of  rose  water 

Item,  for  yest  - 

Item,  for  tappys  - 

Item,  for  sorrell,  p'celly,  and  pott  herbys 

Item,  for  lavynder      - 

Item,  in  rewarde  to  Mr.  Boremas  sar- 

vante  for  bryngynge  halfe  a  bucke 
Item,  payd  for  halfe  a  bushell  of  roys 
Item,  for  gelyfiowres  and  marygolds  for 

iii  garlands  - 

Item,  payd  for  strawynge  herbes 
Item,  for  bowes  for  the  chemneys 
Item,  for  flowers  for  the  potts  in  the 

wyndowys  - 

Item,  for  a  galon  of  butter 
Item,  payd  for  whyte  salte 
Item,  payd  for  xx  pounde  of  cherys 
Item,  payd  for  iii  galons  of  creme 
Item,  payd  to  the  cooke  for  bakynge  of 

vii  pastyes  of  venyson  and  vii  tartes 

at  his  house  -  -  -     2s.     2d. 


9s. 

Od. 

2d. 

Is. 

Od. 

Id. 

ob. 

lid. 

6d. 

4d. 

8d. 

7d. 

Is. 

4d. 

ld.ob. 

6d. 

4s. 

Od. 

2d. 

5s. 

Od. 

4s. 

8d. 

72 


THE   GLUEEN    AT   GREENWICH,    1559. 


together  with  great  alarm ;  each  ran  to  their  weapons,  again  ;  and  then  they  fell 
together  as  fast  as  they  could,  in  imitation  of  close  fight.  All  this  while  the 
Queen,  with  the  rest  of  the  Nobles  about  her,  beheld  the  skirmishings ;  and  after, 
they  reclued  back  again. 

After  all  this,  Mr.  Chamberlain,  and  divers  of  the  Commons  of  the  City  and 
the  Wiflers,  came  before  her  Grace,  who  thanked  them  heartily,  and  all  the 
City :  whereupon  immediately  was  given  the  greatest  shout  as  ever  was  heard, 
with  hurling  up  of  caps.  And  the  Queen  shewed  herself  very  merry.  After  this 
was  a  running  at  tilt.     And,  lastly,  all  departed  home  to  London '. 


5s. 

Od. 

Is. 

Od. 

Is. 

8d. 

Is. 

Id. 

8d. 


4d. 


Item,  payde  to  the  cooke  and  his  man 
for  thayre  labors  ■  - 

Item,  to  hym  in  rewarde  for  his  fees 

Item,  to  ii  turne  broches 

Item,  payd  for  water  to  the  water  berer 

Item,  payd  to  a  woman  for  skowrynge 
the  vessell,  and  dressynge  the  howse 
by  vi  dayes,  and  for  hyr  meate  and 
drynke        - 

Item,  payd  to  a  poore  man  for  kepynge 
the  gate      ---"'- 

Item,  in  spice  and  curse  suger  viii 
pounde       - 

Item,  iiii  pounde  fyne  suger     - 

Item,  peper  iii  quartions  of  a  pounde   Is, 

Item,  payd  for  saffron  dd. 

Item,  payd  for  iiii  pounde  of  prunes 

Item,  payd  for  corraunce  iiii  pounde 

Item,  payd  for  mace  learge  on  oz. 

Item,  payd  for  cloves  and  mace  iii  oz. 

Item,  payd  for  sinamon  p.  dd.  pounde 

1  Payments  for  settyng  fourth  of  xii  men  to  the 
Imprimis,  payd  to  my  Lord  Northes  armerer,  and 
to  Lamberte  another,  and  to  a  boye  for  trym- 
mynge  all  thayre  harnes  to  and  from,  10s. 
Item,  payd  to  xii  men  armed,  to  put  in  thayre 

purssys  after,  8d.  apece,  8s. 
Item,  payd  to  Cater  that  attended  upon  the  sow- 
dyoyrs,  as  for  iiii  of  the  sowdyers  dynners  on 
Sondaye  2s. ;  for  a  yerthen  pott  Id.;  for  a  bot- 
tell  2d. ,  for  bere  on  Satterdaye  and  on  Sondaye 


9s. 

Od. 

4d. 

lOd. 

ob. 

8d. 

8d. 

Is. 

9d. 

Is. 

2d. 

Is. 

9d. 

4s. 

od. 

Item,  payd  by  the  clerke  at  the  fyrste 
meating  of  the  sowdyers,  which  was 
on  Thursday,  for  brede  and  drynke 

Item,  payd  for  gynger  p.  dd.  pounde 

Item,  payd  for  bysketts  a  pounde 

Item,  payd  for  pepper  more  one  oz. 

Item,  payd  for  cloves  and  mace  more 

Item,  payd  to  Randall  Kenedyne,buttler, 
for  his  fee,  attendynge  at  our  feaste 

Item,  payd  for  the  wayters  to  hym 

Item,  vi  galons  and  a  quarte  of  gasken 
wine  -  - 

Item,  for  iii  quarts  racked  renyshe  wyne 

Item,  payd  for  a  galon  of  ypocras 

Item,  payd  for  ii  galons  venyger  and 
verges         -'.-..-- 

Item,  payd  for  bromes 

Item,  for  hyre  of  a  garnyshe  of  vessell 

Item,  payd  for  a  quarton  of  bylletts 

Item,  a  quartron  of  fagotts 

Item,  payd  for  vi  sackes  of  colys 

Queenes  Majestie  hyr  muster. 

by  hym  boughte  Is.  4d. ;  for  mendynge  of  the 
harnes  the  f)'lde  6d, ;  and  for  his  owne  meate  and 
drynke  Is.  5s.  Id. 

Item,  payd  for  ii  pounde  of  corne  powder,  2s. 

Item,  payd  for  iii  elles  of  blacke  and  whyte  sarce- 
net for  scarfes  for  the  sowdyers,  10s. 

Item,  paye  for  cartyng  of  the  harnes  from  Gelde- 
hall  to  our  Hall,  and  so  carryed  again,  8d. 


8d. 

2s. 

Od. 

Is. 

4d. 

2d. 

4d. 

4d. 

2s. 

Od. 

8s. 

4d. 

Is. 

3d. 

4s. 

8d. 

2s. 

Od. 

Id. 

Is. 

od. 

3s. 

4d. 

Is. 

4d. 

6s. 

od. 

THE    GlUEEN   AT   WOOLWICH,    DARTFORD,   AND    COBHAM,    1550.  73 

The  next  day,  July  3,  the  Queen  went  Woolwich,  to  the  launching  of  a  fine 
ship  newly  built,  and  called  by  her  own  name  Elizabeth. 

The  10th  of  the  same  month,  the  Queen,  being  still  at  Greenwich,  well  knew 
how  pomps  and  shews,  especially  military,  with  her  own  presence  thereat, 
delighted  her  subjects,  and  perhaps  herself  too;  now  therefore  was  set  up  in 
Greenwich  Park  a  goodly  banqueting-house  for  her  Grace,  made  with  fir  poles, 
and  decked  with  birch  branches,  and  all  manner  of  flowers,  both  of  the  field  and 
garden,  as  roses,  July  flowers,  lavender,  marygolds,  and  all  manner  of  strewing 
herbs  and  rushes  ;  there  were  also  set  up  tents  for  the  kitchen,  and  for  the  officers, 
against  to-morrow,  with  provisions  laid  in  of  wine,  ale,  and  beer.  There  was 
also  made  up  a  place  for  the  Queen's  Pensioners,  who  were  to  run  with  spears. 
The  Challengers  were  three,  the  Earl  of  Ormond,  Sir  John  Perrot,  and  Mr.  North ; 
and  there  were  likewise  defendants  of  equal  valour,  with  launces  and  swords. 

About  five  in  the  afternoon  came  the  Queen,  with  the  Ambassadors  and  divers 
Lords  and  Ladies,  and  stood  over  the  Park  Gate  to  see  the  exercise ;  and  after, 
the  combatants  ran,  chasing  one  the  other.  After  this,  the  Queen  came  down 
into  the  Park,  and  took  her  horse,  and  rode  up  to  the  banqeuting-house,  and  the 
three  Ambassadors,  and  so  to  supper.  After  was  a  mask;  and  then  a  great 
banquet ;  and  then  followed  great  casting  of  fire,  and  shooting  of  guns,  till  twelve 
at  night.  This  was  undoubtedly  the  Queen's  policy,  to  accustom  her  Nobles  and 
subjects  to  arms,  and  to  give  all  countenance  to  the  exercise  of  warfare,  having 
such  a  prospect  of  enemies  round  about  her,  as  well  as  to  entertain  the  Ambassadors. 

July  17,  the  Queen  removed  from  Greenwich  in  her  Progress;  and  goes  to 
Dartford,  in  Kent ;  and  the  next  day  she  came  to  Cobham,  the  Lord  Cobham's 
Place;  and  there  her  Grace  was  welcomed  with  great  chear1. 

July  20,  King  Philip  of  Spain  was  married  unto  the  French  King's  daughter 
Elizabeth;  and  great  justs  were  made,  the  French  King  himself  justing,  but 
fatally :  for  one  of  his  eyes  were  struck  out  in  this  exercise  by  a  piece  of  the 
spear,  whereof  he  died  ;  whose  funerals  were  honourably  kept  at  St.  Paul's. 

The  same  day  the  old  Bishop  of  Durham  2  came  riding  to  London  out  of  the 
North,   with   threescore  horse,  and   so   to  Southwark,   unto   the  house   of  one 

'  The  Queen's  Visit  to  Cobham  Hall  was  repeated  in  1573,  and  again  in  1600. 

8  This  was  Dr.  Cuthbert  Tunstall,  Bishop  of  London  1522;  of  Durham  1530.  He  was  deprived 
by  King  Edward  VI.  in  1552.  He  was  restored  by  Queen  Mary  ;  deprived  again  by  Queen  Elizabeth 
in  1559  ;  and  died  in  that  year,  Nov.  18,  aet.  85. 

VOL.  I.  L 


74  THE    GLUEEN    AT    ELTHAM    AND    NONSUCH,    1559- 

Dolman,  a  tallow-chandler,  where  he  laid  ;  having  seen  two  houses  at  least  belong- 
ing to  him,  Durham  Place,  and  Cold  Harbour,  taken  from  his  Bishopric. 

August  5,  the  Queen  being  now  at  Eltham  1,  in  Kent,  one  of  the  antient  Houses 
of  the  Kings,  removed  thence  unto  Nonsuch2,  another  of  her  Houses,  of  which 
the  noble  Earl  of  Arundel  seems  to  be  now  House-keeper ;  there  the  Queen  had 
great  entertainment  with  banquets,  especially  on  Sunday  night,  made  by  the  said 
Earl ;  together  with  a  mask ;  and  the  warlike  sounds  of  drums,  and  flutes,  and 
all  kinds  of  music,  till  midnight.  On  Monday  was  a  great  supper  made  for  her ; 
but  before  night  she  stood  at  her  standing  in  the  further  park,  and  there  she  saw 
a  course.  At  night  was  a  play  of  the  children  of  Paul's,  and  their  [music-] 
master  Sebastian.  After  that,  a  costly  banquet,  accompanied  with  drums  and 
flutes ;  the  dishes  were  extraordinary  rich,  gilt.  This  entertainment  lasted  till 
three  in  the  morning ;  and  the  Earl  presented  her  Majesty  a  cupboard  of  plate. 

1  The  Kings  of  England  had  a  Palace  at  Eltham  at  a  very  early  period ;  and  Queen  Elizabeth 
(who  was  born  at  Greenwich)  was  frequently  carried  to  Eltham  on  account  oj?  the  salubrity  of  the 
air  j  and  in  1559  she  passed  several  days  there.  Sir  Christopher  Hatton  was  Keeper  of  the  Palace 
in  her  Reign  ;  and  after  him  Lord  Cobham,  who  had  a  grant  of  that  office  in  1592.  See  Lysons, 
vol.  IV.  p.  397. 

2  "  A  Royal  retreat,  in  a  place  formerly  called  Cuddington,  a  very  healthful  situation,  chosen  by 
King  Henry  VIII.  for  his  pleasure  and  retirement,  and  built  by  him  with  an  excess  of  magnificence 
and  elegance,  even  to  ostentation;  one  would  imagine  every  thing  that  architecture  can  perform  to 
have  been  employed  in  this  one  work ;  there  are  every  where  so  many  statues  that  seem  to  breathe, 
so  many  miracles  of  consummate  art,  so  many  casts  that  rival  even  the  perfection  of  Roman  antiquity, 
that  it  may  well  claim  and  justify  its  name  of  Nonesuch,  being  without  an  equal ;  or,  as  the  Poet  sung, 

This,  which  no  equal  has  in  art  or  fame, 

Britons  deservedly  do  Nonesuch  name. 
The  Palace  itself  is  so  encompassed  with  parks  full  of  deer,  delicious  gardens,  groves  ornamented 
with  trellis  work,  cabinets  of  verdure,  and  walks  so  embowered  by  trees,  that  it  seems  to  be  a  place 
pitched  upon  by  Pleasure  herself,  to  dwell  in  along  with  Health.  In  the  pleasure  and  artificial 
gardens  are  many  columns  and  pyramids  of  marble,  two  fountains  that  spout  water  one  round  the 
other  like  a  pyramid,  upon  which  are  perched  small  birds  that  stream  water  out  of  their  bills  :  in  the 
grove  of  Diana  is  a  very  agreeable  fountain,  with  Actaeon  turned  into  a  stag,  as  he  was  sprinkled  by  the 
goddess  and  her  nymphs,  with  inscriptions.  There  is  besides  another  pyramid  of  marble  full  of  con- 
cealed pi  pes,  which  spirt  upon  all  who  come  within  their  reach."  Hentzner. — "  We  are  apt  to  think  that 
Sir  William  Temple  and  King  William  were  in  a  manner  the  introducers  of  gardening  into  England: 
by  the  description  of  Lord  Burleigh's  gardens  at  Theobalds,  and  of  those  at  Nonsuch,  we  find  that 
the  magnificent,  though  false  taste,  was  known  here  as  early  as  the  Reigns  of  Henry  VIII.  and  his 
Daughter.  There  is  scarce  an  unnatural  and  sumptuous  impropriety  at  Versailles,  which  we  do  not 
find  in  Hentzner's  description  of  the  gardens  above  mentioned."     Walpole. 


THE    ftUEEN   AT   HAMPTON    COURT   AND   THE    LORD   ADMIRAL'S.  75 

August  10,  being  St.  Laurence  day,  she  removed  from  Nonsuch  to  Hampton 
Court l.  The  same  day  was  brought  to  the  Tower  Strangways,  the  great  Sea- 
rover,  and  others  ;  and  the  14th  day  there  landed  at  the  Bridge  House  four 
score  Rovers  and  Mariners  taken  with  Strangways,  and  were  sent  unto  the  Mar- 
shalsea,  and  King's  Bench,  and  their  Trumpeters  ;  and  immediately  fettered. 

The  17th,  the  Queen  removed  from  Hampton  Court  to  the  Lord  Admiral's 
Place2,  and  there  she  had  great  cheer.  The  said  Lord  built  a  goodly  banquet- 
ing-house  for  her  Grace ;  it  was  richly  gilded  and  painted  ;  that  Lord  having 
for  that  end  kept  a  great  many  Painters  for  a  good  while  there  in  the  country. 

The  20th  died  at  Nonsuch  Sir  Thomas  Chardin3,  Deviser  of  all  the  Banquets 
and  Banquetting-houses,  Master  of  the  Revels,  and  Serjeant  of  the  Tents.  He 
was  buried,  Sept.  5,  at  Blechingley. 

The  24th,  being  St.  Bartholomew's  day,  and  the  day  before  and  after,  were 
burnt  all  the  Roods  of  St.  Mary  and  St.  John  ;  and  many  other  church-goods, 
with  copes,  crosses,  censers,  altar-cloths,  rood-cloths,  books,  banners,  banner- 
staves,  wainscot,  with  much  other  such  gear,  in  London. 

Sept.  5,  at  Alhallows,  Bread-street,  betwixt  twelve  and  one  at  noon,  was  a 

■  Edward  VI.  was  born  at  Hampton  Court,  Oct.  12,  1537>  and  his  mother  Queen  Jane  Seymour 
died  there  on  the  14th  of  the  same  month.  Her  corpse  was  conveyed  to  Windsor  by  water,  where 
she  was  buried  Nov.  12.  On  the  8th  of  August,  1540,  Catharine  Howard  was  openly  shewed  as 
Queen  at  Hampton  Court.  Catharine  Parr  was  married  to  the  King  at  this  Palace,  and  proclaimed 
Queen  July  12,  1543  j  her  brother,  William  Lord  Parr,  was  created  Earl  of  Essex,  and  her  uncle  Sir 
William  Parr,  Lord  Parr,  at  Hampton  Court,  Dec.  24,  following.  The  King  was  then  about  to  keep 
his  Christmas  at  this  Palace  ;  where,  during  the  holidays,  he  received  Francis  Gonzaga,  the  Viceroy  of 
Sicily.  Edward  VI.  being  at  Hampton  Court  in  1551,  created  the  Marquis  of  Dorset  Duke  of  Suf- 
folk, and  the  Earl  of  Warwick  Duke  of  Northumberland.  Philip  and  Mary  kept  their  Christmas 
with  great  solemnity  in  1558.  Queen  Elizabeth,  after  she  came  to  the  Throne,  frequently  resided  at 
Hampton  Court.  She  was  there  in  1559,  1570,  1573,  and  1579;  and  kept  her  Christmas  there  in 
1572,  and  again  in  1593. 

*  Edward  Fines,  ninth  Lord  Clinton  and  Saye,  K.  G.  Lord  High  Admiral  under  King  Edward  VI. 
Queen  Mary,  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  was  created  Earl  of  Lincoln  in  1565  ;  and  died  Jan.  10,  1584-5, 
aged  73.  Where  his  "Place"  was  situated  does  not  appear ;  but  it  probably  was  either  at  Kings- 
ston  or  Tooting,  in  both  which  parishes  he  had  property ;  as  had  also  his  son  Henry,  the  second 
Earl  of  Lincoln,  and  afterwards  at  Chelsea.  The  Lord  Admiral  in  1564  attended  the  Queen  on  her 
Visit  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  where  the  degree  of  M.  A.  was  conferred  on  him  and  several 
other  of  the  Nobility  and  Gentry. — The  Earl  of  Lincoln  had  a  Town  Residence  in  Chanon-row, 
Westminster.     See  hereafter,  under  the  year  1570. 

3  No  epitaph  for  him  now  remains  at  Blechingley. 


7  6  VIOLENT    STORM. — THE    FRENCH    KING'S    HEARSE,    1559. 

/ 

dreadful  thunder-clap.  It  killed  a  water-spaniel  at  the  Church-wall  side ;  felled 
one  of  the  beadmen  of  the  Salters*  Company,  and  the  sexton  of  the  said  Church  ; 
cracked  the  steeple  above  the  battlements,  which  was  all  of  stone,  that  some  of 
it  flew  out  in  divers  pieces  ;  so  that  the  month  after,  October  5,  they  began  to 
take  down  the  top  of  the  steeple. 

The  same  day  (viz.  Sept.  5)  was  a  frame  set  up  in  St.  Paul's  Quire  of  nine 
stories  for  Henry  II.  of  France,  who  departed  this  life  at  Paris  in  the  month  of 
July  ;  and  the  Queen,  according  to  the  custom  of  Princes  in  shewing  honour  to 
each  other  even  at  their  deaths,  appointed  his  obsequies  to  be  solemnly  observed 
in  the  chief  Church  of  her  Realm,  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  London.  The 
frame  was  adorned  with  vallence  of  sarcenet  and  black  fine  fringe  and  pencils ; 
and  round  about  the  hearse  a  piece  of  velvet ;  all  the  eight  pillars  and  all  the 
quire  hung  with  black  and  arms  ;  his  hearse  garnished  with  thirty  dozen  of  pen- 
cils, and  fifteen  dozen  of  arms.  This  magnificent  ceremony  was  performed  on 
the  8th  and  Qth  days  of  September,  beginning  the  funeral  pomp,  according  to 
the  usage  of  those  times,  on  the  eve  of  one  day,  and  continuing  and  finishing  it 
on  the  morning  of  the  day  ensuing.  The  attendants  on  these  obsequies  were  Sir 
William  Paulet,  Marquis  of  Winchester,  and  Lord  Treasurer,  Chief  Mourner, 
who  walked  alone  ;  then  the  Lord  William  Howard,  Baron  of  Effingham,  Lord 
Chamberlain,  and  Henry  Lord  of  Burgavenny  ;  then  the  Lord  Dacres  of  the 
South,  and  Henry  Cary,  Baron  of  Hunsdon.  Next,  William  Brook,  Lord  Cob- 
ham,  and  Henry  Lord  Scrope.  Then  the  Lord  Darcy,  Lord  Chiche,  and  Sir 
Richard  Sackvile.  After  them,  Charles,  son  and  heir  to  the  Lord  William 
Howard,  and  Sir  Edward  Warner,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  two  and  two.  Four 
Bishops,  all  Elects,  namely,  Dr.  Matthew  Parker,  Archbishop  Elect  of  Canterbury, 
Grindal  Bishop  Elect  of  London  (but  he  by  reason  of  sickness  was  absent),  Scory 
of  Hereford,  and  Barlow  of  Chichester.  The  Bishops  had  black  gowns  given 
them,  and  eight  black  coats  apiece  for  their  servants.  Then  the  French  Ambas- 
sador ;  two  Gentlemen  Ushers ;  the  Kings  of  Arms,  Heralds  and  Pursevants ; 
Officers  of  the  Houshold,  of  the  Wardrobe,  and  others. 

The  whole  expence  was  the  Queen's,  which  in  all,  with  some  other  charges  not 
here  set  down,  cost  her  ^.789.  10*.  lOd.  But  to  give  some  account  of  the 
Funeral  Ceremonies  ;  and  the  rather,  because  they  were  not  such  as  were  lately 
used  under  Popery  (the  Religion  being  now  reformed),  but  altered,  and  the 
grosser  superstitions,  customarily  observed  before,  were  now  omitted. 


THE    FRENCH    KING'S   HEARSE,    1559* 


77 


The    garnishment    of   the 

Hearse  came  to     - 
The  Majesty    - 
The       helmet,      mantlets, 

sword,  &c.    -.-.'- 
The   carpet    of   velvet  for 

the  communion-table     - 
Banners  and  pensils  - 
Hangings,      covering     the 

ground  in  the  Chancel    - 


^8.   s.    d. 


80  13 

97  18 


3 
1 


14     0     6 


16  13 

168     8 


4 
2 


48     4     4 


Duties  of  St.  Paul's  Church 

Black  cloth  for  the  mourn- 
ers and  other  offi- 
cers - 

Charges  of  dinner     - 

Hire  of  the  herse 

Reward  to  the  Clerk  of  the 
Wardrobe    - 

Offerings     ,     - 

The  Dole 


13 

s. 
6 

d. 

8 

251 

13 

8 

38 

3 

11 

6 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

17 

4 

10 

0 

0 

On  Friday,  September  8,  when  the  Hearse  was  solemnly  brought  into  the 
Church,  and  every  man  placed,  whereas  the  ancient  custom  was  for  one  of  the 
Heralds  to  bid  aloud  the  prayer  for  the  soul  of  the  party  departed,  saying,  Pray 
for  the  soul  of,  &c.  now  there  was  an  alteration  in  the  words.  For  York  Herald 
standing  at  the  upper  choir  door,  bad  the  prayer  (as  it  used  to  be  called,  but  now 
more  properly  the  praise)  first  in  English,  and  after  in  French,  "  Benoist  soit 
Eternel,"  &c.  "  Blessed  be  the  King  of  Eternal  Glory,  who  through  his  divine 
mercy  hath  translated  the  most  High,  Puissant,  and  Victorious  Prince  Henry  II. 
late  the  French  King,  from  this  Earthly  to  his  Heavenly  Kingdom."  Which  words 
he  used  again  at  the  end  of  Benedictus,  and  at  the  end  of  the  service  :  and  again 
on  the  morrow,  at  the  times  accustomed.  The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in  his 
surplice  and  Doctor's  hood  on  his  shoulders,  who  did  execute,  began  the  service, 
assisted  by  the  Bishops  of  Chichester  and  Hereford,  apparrelled  as  the  Archbishop, 
and  by  two  of  the  Prebendaries  in  their  grey  amices.  And  first,  certain  psalms 
of  praise  were  sung  for  the  departure  of  the  dead  in  the  faith  of  Christ,  instead, 
1  suppose,  of  the  Dirige.  After  that,  one  chapter  of  the  book  of  Job  (perhaps 
taken  out  of  the  Dirige)  and  then  certain  like  Psalms.  After  that  was  read  the 
15th  chapter  of  the  first  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians.  Which  ended,  Magnificat 
was  sung.  And  lastly,  the  latter  part  of  the  Evening  Prayer.  All  things  ended, 
they  returned  in  like  order  as  they  came  (except  the  banner  left  in  the  Church) 
to  the  Great  Chamber  within  the  Bishop's  Palace,  where  they  had  a  void  of  wine 
and  spices  and  other  things.  And  after  they  had  taken  order  to  meet  there  again 
by  eight  of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  they  shifted  them,  and  departed. 

Saturday,  September  9,  about  the  hour  assigned,  they  met  together  at  the  said 


78  THE    FRENCH    KING'S    HEARSE,    1559. 

Bishop's  Palace ;  and  about  nine  of  the  clock  they  proceeded  up  to  the  Hearse  as 
the  day  before  ;  and  all  being  placed  as  before,  the  three  Bishops  Elect  in  copes, 
and  the  two  Prebendaries  in  grey  amices,  came  forth  of  the  vestry  unto  the  table 
of  Administration,  and  then  York  Herald  bad  the  prayer  as  before.  Then  the 
Communion  office  began,  and  proceeded  forward  until  the  offering ;  when  the 
Chief  Mourner  proceeded,  the  Officer  of  Arms,  and  Gentleman  Usher  before  him, 
with  his  train  born,  the  rest  of  the  Mourners  following  him,  but  he  alone  of- 
fered, being  a  piece  of  gold  for  the  head-penny  ;  and  he  and  others  returned  to 
the  end  of  the  service.  Then  the  said  Chief  Mourner,  with  Clarencieux  before 
him,  again  proceeded  up  without  any  state,  and  offered  for  himself,  and  returned 
to  his  place.  Then  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  and  the  Lord  of  Burgavenny,  with 
two  Heralds  before  them,  proceeded  up  and  offered,  and  returned  and  took  their 
places.  In  which  like  order  offered  all  the  other  eight  Mourners,  two  after  two. 
The  money  for  them  to  offer  had  been  before  delivered  to  them  by  Tanner,  Gentle- 
man Usher.  Then  offered  the  Ambassador  of  the  French  King.  Then  the  Lord 
Mayor,  with  his  brethren,  followed  him,  but  offered  not.  Then  Sir  William  St. 
Low,  with  Rouge  Dragon  before  him,  offered  the  banner  to  Clarencieux,  &c. 

The  offering  finished,  the  Sermon  began  by  the  Elect  of  Hereford  (the  Elect 
of  London,  who  should  have  preached,  being  sick).     His  anthem  [that  is,  his 
text]   being  "  The  Hour  shall  come,  and  now  is,  when  the  Dead   shall  hear 
the  Voice  of  the  Son  of  God,  and  they  that  hear  shall  live."     Whereupon  he 
declared  and  proved  the  Last  Day  not  to  be  far  off.     And  therefore  persuaded 
amendment  of  life,  and  to  live  well.     And  farther  he  endeavoured  to  pacify  both 
parties  of  the  people  ;  that  it  seems  now  freely  uttered  their  minds  according  as 
they  stood  affected  to  Religion  ;  the  one  party   thinking,  and  saying,   how  the 
Ceremonies  used  for  Bnrial  were  too  many  ;  yea  rather,  that  none  at  all  ought  to 
be  used  for  the  dead  ;  the  other  thinking  them   to  be  too  few.     Hence  he  took 
occasion  to  shew,  out  of  divers  ancient  authors,  the  order  of  the  Burial  of  the 
Dead  in  the   Primitive  Church,  and  how  the  service  at  the  same  was  to  give 
praise  to  God  for  taking  away  their  brother  in  the  faith  of  Christ.     Which  self- 
same order  they  had  now  observed,  and  were  about  to  fulfil  and  observe.     As  for 
the  rest  of  the  Ceremonies  there  used,  which  were  but  few,  seeing  they  were  not 
contrary  to  the  faith  of  Christ,  nor  yet  contrary  to  brotherly  and  Christian  cha- 
rity, but  for  the   maintenance  thereof,  the  rather  to  continue  amity  betwixt  both 
Princes,  which  charity  Christ  especially  doth  command ;  therefore  ought  to  be 


THE    FRENCH   KING'S    FUNERAL,    1559-  79 

observed,  and  not  gainsaid.  But  for  the  other  Ceremonies,  for  that  they  were 
neither  beneficial  to  those  which  were  alive,  nor  yet  to  the  parties  deceased,  nor 
yet  according  to  the  order  of  the  old  fathers  and  Primitive  Church,  they  were 
therefore  now  taken  away  and  abolished.  After  this,  commending  the  Royal 
Person  departed,  for  his  worthy  and  noble  chivalry,  and  valiant  heart,  as  well  in 
prosperity  as  adversity  ;  together  with  great  commendation  of  his  chaste  life, 
keeping  himself  only  to  his  own  wife  (being  a  rare  thing,  he  said,  in  Princes),  he 
made  an  end. 

After  the  Sermon  concluded,  they  went  forward  to  the  Communion :  at  the 
time  of  the  reception  thereof,  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  the  Lord  Dacres,  and  Sir 
Edward  Warner,  rose  up  and  went  to  the  table,  where,  kneeling  together  with 
the  three  Bishops,  they  all  six  received  the  Communion ;  the  rest,  it  seems,  of 
the  Nobility  here  present  were  not  yet  so  well  reconciled  to  the  new  way  of  re- 
ceiving the  Sacrament,  as  to  partake  at  this  time  of  it ;  all  which  ended  with  the 
other  service  ;  which  finished,  York  again  bad  the  prayer,  as  before.  This  done, 
the  Mourners  and  others  returned  to  the  Bishop's  Palace  in  order  ;  where  the 
said  Lords  and  Ambassadors,  and  all  other  which  had  attended  these  exequies, 
were  treated  with  a  goodly  dinner,  and  so  departed  at  pleasure. 

The  15th,  the  Hearse  was  taken  down  by  the  Heralds,  who,  as  their  fees,  had 
all  that  was  about  it,  both  cloth,  velvet,  sarcenet,  banners,  escutcheons  of  arms, 
banner-staves,  rails,  &c. 

The  22d,  Strangways  and  his  crew,  being  above  80  persons  in  number,  were 
arraigned  at  Southwark,  and  all  cast  to  suffer  death.  Strangways  and  five  more, 
Oct.  2,  were  brought  from  the  Tower  to  the  Marshalsea.  And  the  day  after,  two 
new  pair  of  gallows  set  up,  one  at  St.  Thomas  of  Waterings,  the  other  at  low- 
water-mark  at  Wapping  ;  the  4th  of  October  was  the  day  that  Strangways  and 
all  his  men  should  have  suffered  death  ;  but  there  came  tidings  that  they  should 
stay  till  it  pleased  the  Queen  and  her  Council. 

The  27th,  tidings  came  to  London  that  the  Prince  of  Swethen  was  landed  at 
Harwich.  Oct.  5,  the  Prince  of  Swethen  (whose  title  was  Duke  of  Finland),  hav- 
ing been  conducted  from  Colchester  by  the  Earl  of  Oxford,  and  the  Lord  Robert 
Dudley,  Master  of  the  Queen's  Horse,  came  to  London,  entering  at  Aldgate,  and 
so  to  Leaden-hall,  and  down  to  Grass-church-street  corner,  where  he  was  received 
by  the  Lord  Marquis  of  Northampton,  and  the  Lord  Ambrose  Dudley,  and  other 
Gentlemen  and  Ladies.  The  trumpets  blew,  and  a  great  number  of  Gentlemen 
with  gold   chains   rode  before  and  after  thern,  and  about  two  hundred   Yeomen 


SO  PRINCE   OF    SWEDEN. — JUSTS   AT   WHITEHALL,    1559- 

riding  also  ;  and  so  over  the  Bridge  unto  the  Bishop  of  Winchester's  Place, 
which  was  hung  with  rich  cloth  of  arras,  wrought  with  gold  and  silver  and  silks ; 
and  there  he  remained.  The  12th,  the  said  Prince  went  by  water  to  the  Court 
with  his  guard  ;  he  was  honourably  received  by  many  noble  personages  at  the 
hall-door,  where  the  guard  stood  in  their  rich  coats  reaching  unto  the  Queen's 
Chamber.  The  Queen's  Grace  received  him  there ;  and  after  he  was  welcomed 
with  great  cheer.  The  19th,  he  went  to  Court  again,  and  was  treated  at  a  great 
Banquet  by  the  Lord  Robert.  The  27  th,  he  and  the  Lord  Robert,  and  the 
Lady  Marchioness  Northampton,  stood  sureties  at  the  christening  of  Sir  Thomas 
Chamberlayne's  son,  who  was  baptized  at  St.  Benet  Church  at  Paul's  Wharf ; 
the  Church  was  hung  with  cloth  of  arras  ;  and  after  the  christening  were  brought 
wafers,  comfits,  and  divers  Banquetting  dishes,  and  hypocras  and  muscadine 
wine,  to  entertain  the  guests. 

November  5,  were  great  justs  at  the  Queen's  Palace;  the  Lord  Robert  and 
the  Lord  Hunsdon  were  the  Challengers,  who  wore  scarfs  of  white  and  black ; 
and  they  had  their  Heralds  and  trumpets  attending  on  them  :  the  defendants  were 
the  Lord  Ambrose  Dudley  and  others ;  they  and  their  footmen  in  scarfs  of  red 
and  yellow  sarcenet;  and  had  also  their  Heralds  and  Trumpeters. 

November  8,  Sir  Robert  Southwell,  Knight,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  one  of 
Queen  Mary's  Privy  Counsellors,  was  buried  in  Kent. 

The  15th,  the  Lord  Williams  of  Thame  was  buried  at  Thame. 

December  5,  the  Dutchess  of  Suffolk,  Frances,  sometime  wife  of  Henry 
late  Duke  of  Suffolk,  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey  ! ;  Mr.  Jewel  (who 
was  afterwards  Bishop  of  Sarum)  was  called  to  the  honourable  office  to 
preach  at  her  funerals,  being  a  very  great  and  illustrious  Princess  of  the 
blood  ;  whose  father  was  Brandon  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  her  mother  Mary, 
sometime  wife  of  the  French  King,  and  sister  to  King  Henry  VIII.  She 
was  buried  in  a  Chapel  on  the  South  side  of  the  Choir,  where  Valens,  one 
of  the  Earls  of  Pembroke,  was  buried.  The  corpse  being  brought  and  set 
under  the  hearse,  and  the  Mourners  placed,  the  chief  at  the  head,  and  the 
rest  on  each  side,  Clarencieux  King  of  Arms,  with  a  loud  voice,  said  these  words, 

1  The  said  Frances  departed  this  life  November  the  20th,  in  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  ;  not  in  the  sixth  of  her  reign,  as  Mr.  Camden  hath  put  it ;  led  into  that  mistake,  I  suppose, 
by  the  date  on  her  monument ;  which  indeed  shewed  not  the  year  of  her  death,  but  of  the  erection 
of  that  monument  to  her  memory,  by  her  last  husband  Mr.  Stokes. 


REMARKABLE    PUBLIC    EVENTS    IN  1559-6*0.  8l 

"  Laud  and  praise  be  given  to  Almighty  God,  that  it  hath  pleased  him  to  call 
out  of  this  transitory  life  unto  his  eternal  glory,  the  most  noble  and  excellent 
Princess  the  Lady  Frances,  late  Dutchess  of  Suffolk,  daughter  to  the  right 
high  and  mighty  Prince  Charles  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  and  of  the  most 
noble  and  excellent  Princess  Mary,  the  French  Queen,  daughter  to  the  most 
illustrious  Prince  King  Henry  VII."  This  said,  the  Dean  began  the  service  in 
English  for  the  Communion,  reciting  the  Ten  Commandments,  and  answered  by 
the  Choir  in  prick-song  ;  after  that  and  other  prayers  said,  the  Epistle  and  Gos- 
pel was  read  by  the  two  assistants  of  the  Dean.  After  the  Gospel,  the  offering 
began  after  this  manner;  first,  the  Mourners  that  were  kneeling  stood  up;  then 
a  cushion  was  laid  and  a  carpet  for  the  Chief  Mourners  to  kneel  on  before  the 
altar  ;  then  the  two  assistants  came  to  the  hearse,  and  took  the  Chief  Mourner, 
and  led  her  by  the  arm,  her  train  being  born  and  assisted  by  other  Mourners  fol- 
lowing ;  and  after  the  offering  finished,  Mr.  Jewel  began  his  Sermon,  which  was 
very  much  commended  by  them  that  heard  it.  After  Sermon,  the  Dean  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Communion  ;  at  which  were  participant  with  the  said  Dean,  the 
Lady  Catharine,  and  the  Lady  Mary,  her  daughters,  among  others.  When  all 
was  over,  they  came  to  the  Charter-house  in  their  chariot. 

December  Q,  Proclamation  was  made  for  settling  the  prices  of  fowls,  capons, 
conies,  geese,  and  all  manner  of  flesh,  eggs,  and  other  things. 

December  20,  Holdelston,  or  Hurleston,  late  Keeper  of  Ricebank,  a  hold  of 
Calais,  who  had  been  committed  to  the  Tower  the  13th  day  of  May  last,  and 
Mr.  Chamberlain,  Keeper  of  Calais  Castle,  were  both  brought  to  Guildhall,  Lon- 
don, where  they  were  arraigned  and  cast  to  suffer  death  for  their  negligence. 

Ult.  December,  was  a  play  at  the  Court  before  the  Queen  ;  but  they  acted 
something  so  distasteful,  that  they  were  commanded  to  leave  off;  and  immedi- 
ately the  mask  came  in,  and  dancing. 

The  following  Proclamation  occurs1  in  March  1559-60: 

Elizabeth  R. 
Whereas  our  Castle  of  Windsor  hath  of  old  been  well  furnished  with  sing- 
ing men  and  children.  We,  willing  it  should  not  be  of  less  reputation  in  our 
days,  but  rather  augmented  and  increased,  declare  that  no  singing  men  or  boys 
shall  be  taken  out  of  the  said  Chapel  by  virtue  of  any  commission,  not  even  for 
our  Houshold  Chapel ;  and  we  give  power  to  the  bearer  of  this  to  take  any  sing- 
ing men  or  boys  from  any  Chapel,  our  own  Houshold  and  St.  Paul's  only  ex- 

1  Brit.  Mus.  Donation  MSS,  4847,  fol.  117. 
VOL.  I.  M 


82  PUBLIC    ENTERTAINMENTS    IN  1559-60. 

cepted.     Given  at  Westminster  the  8th  day  of  March   in  the  2d  year  of  om 
Reign  *.  Elizabeth  R. 

January  1,  1559-60,  the  Prince  of  Swethen  rode  to  Court  gorgeously  and  rich 
attired  ;  and  his  guard  in  velvet  jerkins,  carrying  halberts  in  their  hands,  accom- 
panied with  many  Gentlemen  with  chains  of  gold. 

The  6th,  being  Twelfth-day,  in  the  afternoon,  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen, 
and  all  the  crafts  of  London,  and  the  Bachelors  of  the  Mayor's  Company,  went 
in  procession  to  St.  Paul's,  after  the  old  custom,  and  there  did  hear  a  Sermon. 
The  same  day  was  a  scaffold  set  up  in  the  Hall  for  a  play ;  and  after  the  play 
was  over  was  a  fine  mask;  and  after,  a  great  banquet  that  lasted  till  midnight. 

Jan.  30,  Viscount  Montacute,  and  Sir  Thomas  Chamberlain,  Knight,  took 
their  journey  towards  the  King  of  Spain. 

February  2,  being  Candlemass-day,  at  the  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  house,  where 
now  was  lodged  the  French  Ambassador,  were  taken  at  Mass  divers  men  and 
women,  who  were  brought  to  the  Lord  Mayor's,  and  by  him  sent  to  the  Counter. 
The  same  day  in  the  afternoon,  according  to  old  custom,  the  Mayor  and  Alder- 
men, and  all  the  crafts,  went  to  St.  Paul's,  and  there  heard  a  Sermon,  instead  of 
going  in  procession  about  Paul's,  and  visiting  the  tomb  of  Bishop  William,  and 
such  like  superstitions  used  before-time. 

March  8,  eleven  persons,  malefactors,  rode  to  hanging,  seven  men  and  four 
women:  one  of  these  men  was  a  Priest;  his  crime  was  for  cutting  a  purse,  wherein 
were  three  shillings;  but  he  was  burnt  in  the  hand  before,  or  else  the  book  would 
have  saved  him.     He  was  observed  to  be  54  years  old. 

March  10,  Bishop  Story  preached  at  St.  Paul's  Cross  in  his  rochet  and  chimere, 
the  Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen  present,  with  a  great  audience ;  for  the  people 
now  flocked  to  Sermons,  and  to  hear  the  Exiles.  And  the  same  day  Dr.  Sandys, 
Bishop  of  Worcester,  an  eloquent  man,  preached  at  Court. 

The  17th,  Mr.  Veron,  a  Frenchman  by  birth,  but  a  learned  Protestant,  and 
parson  of  St.  Martin's,  Ludgate,  preached  at  St.  Paul's  Cross  before  the  Mayor 
and  Aldermen;  and  after  Sermon  done,  they  sung  all  in  common  a  psalm  in 
metre,  as  it  seems  now  was  frequently  done,  the  custom  being  brought  in  from 
abroad  by  the  Exiles.  At  Court,  the  same  day,  in  the  afternoon,  Jewel,  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  preached  in  his  habit. 

1  Ashm.  MSS.  1113.  The  Original  in  the  Chapter-house  at  Windsor.— In  the  same  MSS  (1124) 
is  a  Confirmation  (16  Sept.  1  Edw.  VI.)  of  a  similar  Privilege  of  King  Henry  VIII.  In  another  (1124) 
the  like  Privilege  confirmed,  and  in  the  very  words  of  Queen  Elizabeth. 


REMARKABLE    PUBLIC    EVENTS   IN  1559-60.  83 

The  24th,  being  Midlent  Sunday,  Dr.  Sandys,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  preached 
at  St.  Paul's  Cross  in  his  habit,  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  present,  with  the  Earl 
of  Bedford,  and  divers  other  persons  of  quality,  as  was  customary  in  these  times 
for  the  Nobility  and  Court  to  resort  to  these  Sermons.  The  same  day,  in  the 
afternoon,  Bishop  Barlow,  one  of  King  Edward's  Bishops,  now  Bishop  of  Chi- 
chester, preached  in  his  habit  before  the  Queen.  His  Sermon  ended  at  five  of 
the  clock ;  and  presently  after  her  Chapel  went  to  Evening  song  ;  the  cross,  as 
before,  standing  on  the  altar,  and  two  candlesticks,  and  two  tapers  burning  in 
them  ;  and,  service  concluded,  a  good  anthem  was  sung. 

March  27,  156*0,  Peace  with  France  and  Scotland  was  proclaimed  at  the  Cross 
in  Cheap,  and  divers  other  places  (trumpets  blowing),  by  Clarencieux  King  at 
Arms,  in  his  rich  coat,  and  a  Serjeant  at  Arms  with  his  mace  attending,  and  the 
two  Sheriffs  on  horseback. 

March  28,  the  Duke  of  Holstein,  who  was  lately  come  into  England,  went  by 
water  in  the  afternoon  to  Somerset  Place,  appointed  for  his  residence :  he  was 
nephew  to  the  King  of  Denmark,  who  sent  him  to  be  a  suitor  to  the  Queen  to 
obtain  her  for  his  wife;  and  this  the  rather  to  intercept  the  Swede  his  neighbour, 
endeavouring  the  same  at  this  time.  This  Duke  came  also  (as  did  the  other 
Prince  before  mentioned)  blown  up  with  the  great  hopes  to  marry  Queen  Eliza- 
beth ;  but  she  went  no  farther  with  him  than  to  oblige  him  by  her  honourable 
reception  of  him,  and  giving  him  the  honour  of  the  Garter,  and  a  yearly  pension. 

April  2,  Alley,  Bishop  Elect  of  Exeter  (and  late  Reader  of  St.  Paul's),  preached 
at  Court:  his  discourse  was  levelled  against  immorality,  as  blasphemy,  playing 
at  dice,  converse  with  lewd  women,  drunkenness,  &c. 

Friday  before  Palm  Sunday,  Mr.  Cheney,  sometime  Archdeacon  of  Hereford, 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Gloucester  and  Bristol,  preached  at  Court. 

Palm  Sunday,  Mr.  Wisdom  preached  at  Paul's  Cross. 

The  same  day  Matthew  Parker,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  preached  at  Court 
with  great  commendation. 

Maunday  Thursday,  the  Queen  kept  her  Maundy  '  in  her  Hall  at  the  Court3 

*  A  more  particular  account  of  this  ceremony  will  be  found  under  the  year  15/2. 

•  Norden,  speaking  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Palaces,  says,  "  There  is  nere  this  famous  Chappell 
[Henry  the  Seventh's]  a  place  called  the  Old  Pallace,  which  was  sometime  the  Palace  of  a  King, 
though  now  brought  to  the  ground,  and  green  grass  grow  where  it  stoode :  for,  as  Juvenal  says, 
'  Qucclibet  orta  cadunt,  #  Jinem  cccpta  videbunt ;'  there  is  nothing  but  shall  come  to  ruin,  be  it  now 
never  so  glorious  in  the  earth.    The  place  which  now  carryeth  the  name  of  the  Old  Palace  sheweth 


84  THE    GLUEEN's    PALACES    IN    WESTMINSTER,   I56O. 

in  the  afternoon;  and  then  gave  unto  twenty  women  so  many  gowns,  and  one 
woman  had  her  best  gown ;  and  her  Grace  washed  their  feet :  and  in  a  new  white 

itself  to  have  been  in  times  past  full  of  buildings.  There  are  apparent  tokens  in  a  wall  yet  standinge, 
that  there  were  many  vaults,  sellers,  and  such  like  offices,  in  that  place  which  is  now  a  plain  field ; 
there  are  yet  certain  towers  standing,  adjoining  to  the  College  wall,  which  seem  to  have  been  parcel 

1 

of  that  Palace ;  many  buildings  have  been  towards  the  Mill,  and  upon  the  Thames  side,  extending  as 
far  as  St.  Stephen's  Chapped.  The  old  buildings  joining  unto  the  same  belonged  unto  this  Old 
Palace,  which  was  consumed  with  fire  in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor. 

"  This  was  the  Palace  of  Canutus  the  Dane,  who  made  his  aboad  there,  though  he  were  also  King 
of  Denmarke,  about  the  year  of  Christ  1035,  when  he  returned  from  Rome  into  England. 

"  Westminster  Hall,  or  the  New  Palace,  is  known  to  many,  a  terror  to  a  multitude,  and  a  golden 
mine  to  some :  a  hundred  clowted  shoose  in  every  shire  will  shake  me  up  if  I  write  awrye  of  this;  for 
they  know  it  is  a  great  house ;  they  find  it  a  chargeable  house ;  and  they  love  little  for  the  most  part 
to  visit  this  house.  This  stately  building,  a  building  of  great  majesty,  having  the  name  of  West- 
minster Hall,  as  some  and  the  most  do  imagine,  of  the  greatness  of  the  Hall,  so  far  exceeding  in 
magnitude  all  other  halls.  We  know  that  a  hall,  though  it  be  one  member  of  the  house,  and  that 
the  principal!,  yet  the  whole  house  oftentimes  beareth  the  name  of  the  hall,  as  Whitehall,  New-hall, 
Copte-hall,  and  infinite  more.  So  I  gather  that  this  whole  house  of  the  New  Palace  had  the  name  of 
Westminster  Hall,  in  regard  as  it  was  Aula  Regis,  a  Princelie  Court,  a  Royal  and  Kingly  House  ;  but 
of  the  founder  there  is  a  varietie  among  writers. 

Many  affirm,  that  William  Rufus  budded  it,  with  a  great  discourse  of  his  mislike  therewith  at  his 
return  from  Normandy,  that  it  was  too  little,  &c.  But  Mr.  Camden  affirmeth  thus:  Hoc  quod  nunc 
habemus  pratorium  Ric.  II.  diruto  vetustiori  extruxit,  suceque  habitation!  dicavit.  That  Richard  II.  built 
it,  and  made  it  his  mansion-house.  There  is  above  300  years  odds  in  the  opinion  of  writers  of  the 
time  of  the  building  of  this  work  ;  but  it  seemeth,  by  the  report  of  Thomas  Walsingham,  Histor. 
Angl.  that  Westminster  Hall  was  in  the  time  of  Edward  II.  for  thus  he  sayth,  Si  videlicet  ipse  Barones 
cum  suis  assentatoribus  in  aula  Westmonasterii  &  pleno  parliamento  venirent,  &c.  By  which  words  it 
appeareth,  that  there  was  Westminster  Hall,  and  the  place  of  Parliament;  and  this  was  64  years  be- 
fore Richard  II.  did  raigne.  Again  he  saith,  Rex  Edw.  II.  cetebravit  Penticostes  apud  Westm.  in  aula 
magna;  where  he  maketh  a  distinction  between  the  Whytehal!,  which  was  called  the  aula  parva;  as 
also  saith  T.  Walsingham,  Ypodigma  Neust.  p.  49,  where  now  the  Court  of  Requests  is  kept,  and 
the  Great  Hall;  wherefore  let  the  learned  judge,  and,  by  scrutation  of  antiquities,  endeavour  more 
certainly  to  be  satisfied.  It  is  a  very  stately  building,  whose  roof  is  most  ingeniously,  and  with  great 
art,  framed,  considering  the  breadth  of  the  Hall,  which  is  ...  .  foote  [its  length  is  27)  feet :  the 
breadth  74],  and  to  bear  such  a  covering  of  leade  of  so  massive  a  weight.  It  is  said  the  timber 
wherewith  it  is  covered  came  all  out  of  Ireland  ;  for  that  it  is  observed,  that  no  spider's  webb  is  seen 
in  any  part  of  the  same,  which  indeed  is  to  be  wondered  at ;  but  men  of  deep  judgment  affirm  the 
reason  thereof  to  be  the  open  ayre.  There  belongeth  to  this  Hall  sundry  other  buildings,  all  which, 
together  with  the  Hall  and  the  reliques  of  the  Old  Palace,  were  used  by  Richard  II. 

"  Nere  unto  Westminster  Hall,  betwene  it  and  the  Thamise,  is  the  Chapped  of  St.  Stephen,  some- 
time verie  beautiful,  though  now  weather  beaten  and  defaced.  It  standeth  verie  high  and  stately, 
erected  by  Edward  III.  when  he  came  victor  out  of  France,  about  the  year  of  Christ  1347. 


THE    GLUEEN's    PALACE    AT    WHITEHALL,  I56O.  85 

cup  she  drank  unto  every  woman,  and  then  they  had  the  cup.  The  same  afternoon 
she  gave  unto  poor  men,  women,  and  children,  whole  and  lame,  in  St.  James's 
Park,  being  two  thousand  people,  and  upwards,  cld.  apiece. 

"  Growing  now  by  order  to  make  a  vew  of  her  Majesties  howses.  The  first,  from  this  former  new 
Palace,  that  offereth  itself  in  vew  is  the  glorious  Whytehall,  a  regal  mansion  situate  upon  the 
Thamise,  bewtiful  and  large,  adorned  with  manie  fair  galleries,  stately  furnished  with  most  artificial, 
and  delectable  pictures,  tables,  and  such  like  princely  ornaments.  A  most  large  and  princely  garden, 
full  of  pleasant  walks  and  other  delights  ;  an  orchard  also  replenished  with  like  pleasures,  though 
the  place  more  solitary. 

"  From  the  Palace  is  a  very  statelie  passage  to  the  Thamise,  for  her  Majesty  to  take  bardge,  to  pass 
at  her  pleasure  the  pleasant  stream.  A  passage,  not  inferior  to  the  former,  leadeth  also  unto  the 
place  called  by  the  name  of  St.  James's  Parke;  but  it  answereth  as  fitly  unto  this  Whytehall.  Much 
might  be  spoken  of  the  elegancy  of  this  house.  It  resteth  to  shew  by  whom  it  was  built.  It  is  said 
there  was  a  beginning  by  Cardinal  Wolsey  ;  but  the  famous  King  Henry  the  Eighth  brought  it,  by 
great  expence,  unto  this  princely  forme  ;  and  erected  also  the  two  new  gates  full  of  bewtie  and  state ; 
he  caused  also  to  be  erected,  for  recreation,  the  Tennyes  Courte,  the  Bowling  Allies,  the  Cock  Pittes, 
and  other  places  of  exercise  nere  this  princely  house  :  as  the  Tylt-rayle  for  the  mayntenaunce  and 
exercise  of  manie  feates.  And  manie  have  been  the  triumphant  shewes,  most  glorious  to  all  beholders, 
which  have  been  in  her  Majesties  dayes,  whose  gratious  eyes  God  vouchsafe  to  behold  with  comfort 
many  more.    So  shall  her  many  thousand  thousands  poor  subjects  triumph  in  her  princely  presence." 

"  In  Whitehall,"  says  Hentzner,  "  are  the  following  things  worthy  of  observation  : 

"  I.  The  Royal  Library,  well  stored  with  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  and  French  books  :  amongst  the 
rest,  a  little  one  in  French,  upon  parchment,  in  the  hand-writing  of  the  present  reigning  Queen  Eli- 
zabeth, thus  inscribed  : 

'  To  the  most  High,  Puissant,  and  Redoubted  Prince,  Henry  VIII.  of  the  Name,  King  of  England, 
France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Faith  : 

'  Elizabeth,  his  most  humble  Daughter,  Health  and  Obedience." 

"  All  these  books  are  bound  in  velvet  of  different  colours,  though  chiefly  red,  with  clasps  of  gold 
and  silver;  some  of  pearls  and  precious  stones  set  in  their  bindings. 

"  II.  Two  little  silver  cabinets  of  exquisite  work,  in  which  the  Queen  keeps  her  paper,  and  which 
she  uses  for  writing  boxes. 

"  III.  The  Queen's  bed,  ingeniously  composed  of  woods  of  different  colours,  with  quilts  of  silk, 
velvet,  gold,  silver,  and  embroidery. 

"  IV.  A  little  chest,  ornamented  all  over  with  pearls,  in  which  the  Queen  keeps  her  bracelets,  ear- 
rings, and  other  things  of  extraordinary  value.  » 

"  V.  Christ's  Passion,  in  painted  glass. 

"  VI.  Portraits:  among  which  are  Queen  Elizabeth  at  16  years  old;  Henry,  Richard,  Edward, 
Kings  of  England  ;  Rosamond;  Lucrece  ;  a  Grecian  Bride,  in  her  nuptial  habit ;  the  Genealogy  of 
the  Kings  of  England;  a  picture  of  King  Edward  VI.  representing  at  first  sight  something  quite 
deformed,  till,  by  looking  through  a  small  hole  in  the  cover,  which  is  put  over  it,  you  see  it  in  it/ 
true  proportions  j  Charles  V.  Emperor ;  Charles  Emanuel  Duke  of  Savoy,  and  Catherine  of  Spair  - 


86      THE    GUJEEN    AT    GREENWICH,    LAMBETH,    OATLANDS,    AND    SUTTON,  I56O. 

"  The  Queen's  Matie,  God  be  thanked,  is  in  good  state  of  helthe ;  and  re- 
moved the  xniith  of  this  instant  to  Greenwch,  where  it  is  thought  her  Highnes 
will  remayne  a  good  tyme."    to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  May  16*,  15601. 

July  29,  the  Queen  honoured  Archbishop  Parker  with  a  visit;  for,  on  the  29th 
of  July,  she  set  out  on  her  Progress  from  Greenwich  cross  land;  and,  coming  to 
Lambeth2,  she  dined  with  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  together  with  her  Privy 
Council;  and  thence  took  her  journey  to  Richmond3,  where  she  resided  five  days; 
and  thence  removed  to  Oatlands4,  to  Sutton5,  and  other  places  on  that  side. 

his  Wife;  Ferdinand  Duke  of  Florence,  with  his  Daughters;  one  of  Philip  King  of  Spain,  when  he 
came  into  England  and  married  Mary;  Henry  VII.  Henry  VIII.  and  his  Mother:  besides  many  more 
of  illustrious  men  and  women  ;  and  a  picture  of  the  Siege  of  Malta. 
"  VII.  A  small  hermitage,  half  hid  in  rock,  finely  carved  in  wood. 

"  VIII.  Variety  of  emblems,  on  paper,  cut  in  the  shape  of  shields,  with  mottoes,  used  by  the 
nobility  at  tilts  and  tournaments,  hung  up  here  for  a  memorial. 

"  IX.  Different  instruments  of  music,  upon  one  of  which  two  persons  may  perform  at  the  same  time. 
"  X.  A  piece  of  clock-work,  an  iEthiop  riding  upon  a  rhinoceros,  with  four  attendants,  who  all 
make  their  obeisance  when  it  strikes  the  hour ;  these  are  all  put  into  motion,  by  winding  up  the  machine. 
"  At  the  entrance  into  the  park  from  Whitehall  is  this  inscription : 

"  The  Fisherman  who  has  been  wounded,  learns,  though  late,  to  beware ; 
But  the  unfortunate  Actseon  always  presses  on. 

The  chaste  Virgin  naturally  pitied  : 
But  the  powerful  Goddess  revenged  the  wrong. 
Let  Actseon  fall  a  prey  to  his  dogs, 

An  example  to  Youth, 
A  disgrace  to  those  that  belong  to  him  ! 
May  Diana  live  the  care  of  Heaven ; 

The  delight  of  mortals; 
The  security  of  those  that  belong  to  her ! 
"  In  a  garden  joining  to  this  Palace,  there  is  a  Jet  d'eau,  with  a  sun-dial,  which,  while  stranger? 
are  looking  at,  a  quantity  of  water,  forced  by  a  wheel,  which  the  gardiner  turns  at  a  distance, 
through  a  number  of  little  pipes,  plentifully  sprinkles  those  that  are  standing  round." — "  This  ro- 
mantic inscription  probably  alluded  to  Philip  II.  who  wooed  the  Queen  after  her  Sister's  death;  and 
to  the  destruction  of  his  Armada."     Walpole. 

1  See  Lodge,  vol.  I.  p.  313. 

2  The  Queen's  Visits  to  Lambeth  were  frequent.  She  visited  Archbishop  Parker,  so  eminent  for 
his  learning  and  his  virtues,  in  1560 ;  dined  with  that  Prelate  in  1566;  and  visited  him  again  in 
1573  and  1574.     See  hereafter,  under  those  several  years. 

*  Of  this  noble  Palace  a  full  account  will  be  found  under  the  year  1569. 

*  See  hereafter,  under  the  year  1567.         5  See  further  particulars  of  Sutton  under  the  year  1591. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT   WINCHESTER,    BASING,    AND    WINDSOR,   1560.  oj 

In  August,  the  Queen  in  her  Progress  came  to  Winchester;  and,  being  in  those 
parts,  she  went  to  Basing,  the  Lord  Treasurer's  house,  who  was  Marquis  of  Win- 
chester, with  whom  she  was  most  splendidly  entertained,  and  with  all  manner  of 
good  cheer. 

In  September,  was  a  resolution  taken  very  shortly  of  calling  down  base  moneys ; 
and  the  Queen  swore  (as  one  Alen  wrote  from  Court  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury), 
that  the  day  and  time  should  be  kept  secret  to  herself;  and  that  few  besides 
should  know  it ;  so  that  men  should  have  but  short  warning  of  the  matter. 

About  the  beginning  of  September,  she  came  to  Windsor1,  and  was  there  every 
hour  in  expectation  of  the  King  of  Sweden's2  coming,  being  very  shortly  looked 
for  at  Westminster,  where  certain  works  were  in  hand,  and  the  workmen  wrought 
day  and  night  to  finish  them  against  his  reception  :  his  business  was  to  court  the 
Queen  for  his  wife ;  but  he  came  not  himself,  being  advised  to  the  contrary ;  yet 
his  Brother  the  Duke  did,  and  was  a  passionate  advocate  for  his  Brother  with 
the  Queen. 

Sept.  10,  4000  ounces  of  gilt  plate,  parcel  of  the  charge  of  John  Asteley,  Esq. 
Master   and  Treasurer  of  the  Queen's  Jewels,  were  delivered  by  the  Queen's 

1  "  The  jQueene's  Highnes  upon  Frydaye  laste  came  to  Wyndesor ;  and,  being  ev'ry  houre  in  a  con- 
tynuall  expectation  of  the  King  of  Swethen's  cominge,  is  looked  for  to  be  shortely  here  at  Westmr ; 
and  so  moche  the  soonr  as  the  worke  now  there  in  hande  may  be  finished,  and  brought  to  eny  p'fec- 
tion;  where  they  worke  bothe  night  and  daye.  It  is  expected  that  against  Allhallontyde  her  Ma*>« 
will  call  a  Parliament,  and  that  her  Highnes  sayd  she  wolde  so  do  when  she  was  at  Winchester.  She 
liked  so  well  my  Lord  Treasourer's  house,  and  his  greate  cheare  at  Basinge,  that  she  openly  and 
nieryly  bemoned  him  to  be  so  olde  ;  "  for  ells,  by  my  trouthe,"  says  she,  "  if  my  Lord  Treasurer  was 
a  young  man,  I  coulde  fynde  in  my  harte  to  have  him  to  my  husbande  before  any  man  in  Englande." 
(Francis  Alen  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  Sept.  3,  1560.  See  Lodge,  vol.  I.  p.  346.) 
"  The  next  weke,  it  is  thought,  the  Quene's  Matie  will  remove ;  not,  as  it  was  first  intended,  to 
Grenewiche,  but  to  Wyndesor  5  and  what  likelihoode  there  be  that  her  Highnes  will  marye  out  of 
hande,  and  with  whome,  bicause  this  bearer  [Mr.  Constable]  is  able  to  reporte  as  moche  as  I  can 
write,  I  will  be  so  bolde  in  that  matter  as  to  referre  your  Honour  unto  his  credyte. — P.  S.  Yor  L. 
shall  undrestande  that  there  is  no  removing  at  all,  but  her  Matie  fully  resolved  to  keape  her  Christe- 
mas  here  at  Westmr."  (Francis  Allen  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  Dec.  11,  1565.  See  Lodge, 
vol.  I.  p.  359.) 

8  Erick  XIV ;  who,  as  we  are  informed,  was  now  hourly  expected  in  London,  neither  made  his  visit, 
nor  left  his  own  capital.  Such  was  the  uncertainty  of  intelligence  at  that  time.  This  Prince  had 
been  one  of  Elizabeth's  first  suitors;  and  in  1558,  when  she  was  at  Hatfield,  sent  a  message  secretly 
to  propose  marriage  to  her.  But  she  rejected  it  with  warmth,  because  the  proposal  came  not  to  her 
by  the  direction  of  her  half-sister  Queen  Mary.     See  before,  p.  22. 


88  REMARKABLE    PUBLIC    EVENTS    IN  156*0-1. 

servant  of  that  date,  to  Robert  Brandon  and  Isabell  Partridge,  her  Majesty's 
Goldsmiths  l; 

February  19,  156*0-1,  Nowel,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  preached  before  the  Queen  : 
he  made  a  goodly  Sermon,  and  had  a  vast  and  honourable  audience. 

The  22d,  Scambler,  now  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  preached  before  the  Queen, 
in  his  rochet  and  chimer. 

The  24th,  Mr.  Sampson,  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Oxon,  preached  before  her 
at  the  Court. 

The  27th,  Pilkington2,  Elect  of  Durham,  preached  before  her  there. 

March  6,  Home3,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  preached  at  the  Queen's  Chapel,  and 
made  a  pious  Sermon. 

March  26,  156*1,  the  young  Lady  Jane  Seymour,  daughter  to  the  late  Duke  of 
Somerset,  and  one  of  the  Queen's  Maids  of  Honour,  and  in  great  favour  with  her 
Royal  Mistress  (dying  the  20th  of  the  same  month)  was  brought  in  the  afternoon 
from  the  Queen's  Almonry  to  the  Abbey  of  Westminster  to  be  buried,  with  all  the 
quire  of  the  said  Abbey,  and  two  hundred  of  the  Court,  and  threescore  Mourners; 
consisting  of  Lords  and  Ladies,  Gentlemen  and  Gentlewomen,  all  clad  in  black, 
besides  others  of  the  Queen's  Privy  Chamber.  She  had  a  great  banner  of  arms 
borne ;  Mr.  Clarencieux  was  the  Herald  attending ;  and  Scambler,  Bishop  of 
Peterborough,  added  to  the  solemnity  a  funeral  Sermon  :  and  being  a  Duke's 
daughter,  was  buried  in  the  same  Chapel  where  the  Duchess  of  Suffolk  was. 

April  16*,  were  all  the  Altars  in  Westminster  Abbey  demolished  ;  and  so  was 
the  Altar  in  the  Chapel  of  Henry  VII.  where  that  King  and  King  Edward  VI. 
lay  buried,  and  all  the  stones  thereof  carried  where  the  late  Queen  Mary  was 
buried  ;  perhaps  towards  the  making  of  her  monument  with  those  religious  stones. 

The  23d  of  April,  being  St.  George's  Day,  the  festival  was  kept  solemnly  at 
Court  in  this  manner :  all  her  Majesty's  Chapel  came  through  her  Hall  in  copes, 
to  the  number  of  thirty,  singing,  "  O  God,  the  Father  of  Heaven,"  &c.  the  out- 
ward court  to  the  gate,  and  round  about  being  strewed  with  green  rushes.  After 
came  Mr.  Garter  and  Mr.  Norroy,  and  Master  Dean  of  the  Chapel,  in  robes  of 
crimson  sattin,  with  a  red  cross  of  St.  George  ;  and  after,  eleven  Knights  of  the 

1  From  a  memorandum  in  the  List  of  Jewels  noticed  hereafter,  under  1573-4. 
*  Dr.  James  Pilkington  succeeded  Tunstall  Feb.  20,  1560-1,  and  died  Jan.  25,  1575-6. 
1  Dean  of  Durham,  1558  j    consecrated  Bishop  of  Winchester  Feb.  16,  1560-1 ;  died  Jan.  1, 
1579-80. 


st.  Paul's  church  destroyed  by  fire,  1561.  S9 

Garter  in  their  robes ;  then  came  the  Queen,  the  Sovereign  of  the  Order,  in  her 
robes ;  and  all  the  guard  following  in  their  rich  coats ;  and  so  to  the  Chapel ; 
and  after  service  done,  back  through  the  Hall  to  her  Grace's  great  Chamber ;  and 
that  done,  her  Grace  and  the  Lords  went  to  dinner,  where  she  was  most  nobly 
served  ;  and  the  Lords,  sitting  on -one  side,  were  served  in  gold  and  silver.  After 
dinner  were  two  new  Knights  of  the  Garter  elected  ;  viz.  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury 
and  Henry  Lord  _Hunsdon.  There  were  attending  all  the  Heralds  in  their  coat 
armour  before  her  Grace :  these  were  installed  at  St.  George's  Feast,  held  at 
Windsor  the  18th  day  of  May  following,  the  Earl  of  Arundel  being  the  Queen's 
Deputy. 

June  4,  Corpus  Christi  Eve,  between  eleven  and  twelve  o'clock  at  noon,  began 
great  thundering  and  lightning.  At  St.  Martin's  Church  by  Ludgate,  a  thunder- 
bolt smote  down  certain  great  stones  from  the  battlement  of  the  steeple,  which 
fell  down  upon  the  leads  of  the  Church,  and  brake  the  leads  and  boards,  and  a 
great  chest  in  two  pieces.  The  same  day,  about  four  or  five  of  the  clock  at 
afternoon,  happened  a  most  grievous  disaster  to  the  Church  of  St.  Paul,  the 
Bishop's  Cathedral.  For  between  one  and  two  in  the  afternoon  that  day,  a  great 
and  terrible  lightning  was  seen  to  vibrate  down  from  on  high,  and  that  presently 
followed  by  an  huge  and  unusual  crack  out  of  the  clouds ;  and  that  directly,  as 
much  as  people's  senses  then  could  judge,  just  over  the  City ;  and  in  that  moment 
of  time  something  of  the  battlements  of  St.  Martin's  steeple,  at  Ludgate,  was 
broke  down,  and  some  square  stones  of  a  great  bigness  fell  by  a  dreadful  force 
and  violence  through  the  roof  of  the  Church,  breaking  through  lead  and  timber, 
upon  the  pavement.  Some  persons  being  upon  the  Thames  in  boats,  and  others 
in  the  neighbouring  fields,  while  the  storm  lasted,  did  affirm,  that  they  saw  a  long 
tract  of  flame  like  a  dart,  ending  in  a  point,  which  seemed  to  pierce  and  break 
through  St.  Paul's  steeple,  stretching  from  East  to  West.  And  some  also  of  the 
parish  of  St.  Martin's,  at  Ludgate,  being  at  that  time  in  the  street,  suddenly 
perceived  a  violent  force  of  the  moved  air  like  a  whirlwind,  and  a  great  smell 
together,  not  unlike  that  of  brimstone,  blown  from  Paul's  Church  ;  and  in  like 
manner  they  heard  a  crack  of  great  stones  falling  from  the  steeple  of  St.  Martin's 
into  the  Church.  Afterward,  between  four  and  five,  a  certain  vapour  and  smoak 
was  seen  by  some  breaking  out  under  the  spire  of  Paul's  steeple,  and  particularly 
by  Peter  Johnson,  Notary  Public,  and  the  Bishop's  Registrar,  who  immediately 
went  and  told  the  Bishop.     The  flame  presently  brake  out  on  every  side,  and, 

vol.  1.  N 


90  THE    REBUILDING   OF    ST.    PAUL'S    CHURCH,    156*1. 

in  the  manner  of  a  crown,  compassed  the  whole  space  on  the  top,  to  four  cubits, 
as  it  seemed,  under  the  globe  of  the  same  ;  and,  within  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  or 
little  more,  the  brass  eagle  and  cross  which  sustained  it,  and  that  glittering  globe 
which  was  before  so  often  admired,  falling  down  with  the  fire  upon  the  roof, 
beginning  on  the  South  side,  at  length  consumed  all  the  vaulting  of  the  Church, 
with  the  lead  and  timber,  and  the  bells  of  the  steeple.  The  Lord  Mayor  came 
in  this  consternation  in  all  speed,  with  the  rest  of  the  Aldermen  of  the  City ; 
who,  together  with  the  Bishop  and  others,  consulted  together  of  means  to  be  used 
to  quench  the  fire :  but  no  ways  could  be  found  out  to  do  it.  Some  advised,  to 
preserve  the  rest  of  the  steeple,  that  some  great  guns  should  be  brought,  and 
discharged  at  it ;  but  that  was  disliked,  because  of  further  danger,  as  for  fear  of 
dispersing  the  fire,  and  the  ruin  of  houses.  Many  Courtiers  of  the  greatest 
quality  came,  as  the  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  and  the  Lord  Treasurer, 
who,  with  the  rest,  encouraged  the  People  to  use  all  the  means  they  could  to 
quench  the  fire ;  and  many  of  them  put  their  own  hands  to  the  buckets,  particu- 
larly Wintour  and  Strangways,  two  great  sea-officers.  But  after  all  means  used 
to  no  purpose,  at  length,  about  ten  of  the  clock,  the  fire  of  itself  abated.  Some 
at  that  time  reported,  that  this  fire  came  to  pass  by  the  carelessness  of  certain 
plumbers ;  but  neither  plumbers,  nor  any  other  workmen,  had  done  any  work 
there  for  six  months  before.  Others  suspected,  that  it  had  happened  by  some 
fraudulent  and  wicked  use  of  wild-fire,  or  gunpowder.  But  after  a  diligent  search 
into  that  matter,  no  just  or  probable  suspicion  could  be  found  that  might  be 
fastened  upon  any.  Others  laid  the  blame  upon  witches  and  conjurers.  In 
divers  other  places  of  England  great  hurt  was  done  with  lightning. 

June  15,  which  was  the  next  Sunday  but  one  after  this  dreadful  burning  of 
St.  Paul's,  Nowel  the  Dean  preached  at  the  Cross  an  excellent  Sermon,  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  Aldermen,  and  most  of  the  crafts,  present,  and  a  great  audience 
besides ;  whose  subject,  no  doubt,  was  the  rueful  spectacle  of  their  Cathedral 
lying  in  ashes  ;  and  he  excited  them,  with  all  his  rhetoric,  to  set  upon  the 
reparation  of  it.     For,  but  two  days  after,  viz. 

June  17,  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Common  Council  agreed  and  concluded,  to 
what  men  to  commit  the  care  of  overlooking  such  as  should  be  set  on  work  for 
Paul's,  and  who  might  be  vigilant  in  all  places  for  carrying  on  the  building 
vigorously;  resolving  to  chuse  men  of  knowledge  and  ability  to  oversee  both  the 
work  and  the  workmen ;  which  was  in  pursuance  of  what  the  said  Court  had 


THE    QUEEN'S    VISIT   TO   THE   TOWER,    1501.  £1 

done  Jane  10,  when  they  granted  three  fifteens  towards  the  building  of  the 
church  and  steeple  with  great  speed,  as  soon  as  they  might  possibly  get  timber, 
and  other  materials,  and  workmen. 

The  23d,  began  the  service  to  be  said  at  St.  Gregory's  Church,  by  the  Paul's 
Choir,  till  St.  Paul's  might  be  got  ready. 

July  1,  the  work  began  at  St.  Paul's  for  the  reparation  of  the  Church  and 
steeple:  Mr.  Grafton,  grocer,  Mr.  Harrison,  goldsmith,  and  others,  overseers  and 
directors  of  the  works. 

July  4,  all  the  Queen's  Council  dined  with  the  Ambassador  of  Sweden,  who 
came  hither  to  transact  a  match  between  the  Queen  and  his  Master. 

The  6th,  the  Paul's  Cross  Sermon  was  preached  at  the  Gray  Friars  [i.  e.  Christ's 
Church],  it  being  very  rainy  weather,  and  the  shrouds  at  Paul's  (where,  in  such 
seasons,  the  Sermons  were  preached),  being  (I  suppose)  demolished  in  the  late 
great  fire. 

The  10th  the  Queen  came  by  water  unto  the  Tower  of  London  by  twelve  of 
the  clock :  her  business  now  was  to  visit  her  Mints,  which  she  did  in  person, 
where  she  coined  certain  pieces  of  gold,  and  gave  them  away  to  several  about 
her ;  whereof  one  she  gave  to  the  Marquis  of  Northampton,  and  another  to  the 
Lord  Hunsdon.  About  five  o'clock  she  went  out  at  the  Iron-gate,  and  so  over 
Tower-hill,  unto  Aldgate  Church,  and  so  down  Hounsditch,  to  the  Spittle,  and 
down  Hog-lane,  and  so  over  the  fields  unto  the  Charterhouse  13  being  the  Lord 
North's  place,  attended  in  great  state  (as  was  customary  when  she  went  abroad) 
before  her,  going  on  horseback,  Trumpeters,  the  Gentlemen  Pensioners,  the 
Heralds  of  Arms,  the  Serjeants  at  Arms,  then  Gentlemen,  then  Lords,  and  the 
Lord  Hunsdon  bearing  the  sword  immediately  before  the  Queen  ;  after  the  Oueen 
the  Ladies  riding.     Here  at  the  Charterhouse  she  tarried  till 

The  13th  day;  when  she  took  her  way  from  thence  by  Clerkenwell,  over  the 
fields  unto  the  Savoy,  to  Mr.  Secretary  Cecyll  2,  where  she  supped.  Here  her 
Counoil  waited  on  her,  with  many  Lords  and  Knights,  and  Ladies,  and  great 
cheer  made  till  midnight;  and  then  her  Grace  rode  back  to  the  Charterhouse, 
where  she  lay  that  night.     And,  the  next  day,  she  departed  thence  on  her  Progress 

1  See  before  p.  3 1 . 

■  Of  this  great  Statesman,  afterwards  Lord  Burleigh,  and  of  his  several  habitations,  a  full  account 
will  be  given  in  some  future  pages ;  as  will  also  (under  the  year  1572)  two  letters  addressed  to  him  by 
the  Lord  Admiral,  on  the  subject  of  the  Virgin  Queen's  Royal  Suitors. 


$2  THE    ftUEEN's    PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND    HERTS,    I56I. 

into  Essex  ;  and  the  chief  streets  of  the  City  being  renewed  with  fresh  sand 
and  gravel  for  her  equipage,  she  passed  from  the  Charterhouse  through  Smithfield, 
under  Newgate;  and  so  along  St.  Nicholas  Shambles,  Cheapside,  Cornhill,  unto 
Aldgate  and  Whitechapel.  All  the  houses  were  hung  with  cloth  of  arras  and 
rich  carpets,  and  silk ;  but  Cheapside  was  hung  with  cloth  of  gold  and  silver, 
and  velvets  of  all  colours  ;  all  the  crafts  of  London  standing  in  their  liveries, 
from  St  Michael  the  Quern  as  far  as  to  Aldgate.  The  cavalcade  was  after  this 
manner :  first,  serving  men  riding ;  then  the  Queen's  Pensioners,  Gentlemen, 
Knights,  Lords,  the  Aldermen  in  scarlet,  the  Serjeants  of  Arms,  the  Heralds  in 
their  coat  armour ;  then  my  Lord  Mayor  bearing  the  scepter ;  then  the  Lord 
Hunsdon  bearing  the  sword ;  and  then  came  the  Queen's  Grace,  and  her  footmen 
richly  habited  ;  the  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  followed ;  after  all,  the  Lords  and 
Knight's  men  in  their  masters  liveries  ;  and  at  Whitechapel  the  Lord  Mayor  and 
Aldermen  took  their  leave  of  her  Grace  ;  and  so  she  took  her  way  toward  Essex, 
and  I  suppose  lodged  that  night  at  Wansted  House  in  the  Forest. 


,=£•   s. 

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The  Progress  into  Essex,  Suffolk,  and  Hertfordshire,  in  1561 J. 

Charterhowse  2. 
Jovis,  decimo  die  Julii,  ibidem  &  Charterhowse  - 
Veneris,  undecimo  die  Julii,  ibidem  Charterhouse 
Sabbati,  duodecimo  die  Julii,  ibidem       - 

Strond  3. 
Dominica,  decimo  tertio  die  Julii,  ibidem  &  Stronde,  10°  dispenss' 

1  Cotton  MSS.  Vespasian  C.  xiv.  p.  481.  In  partialis  Comput'  Thomas  Weldon  Ar'  Coferarii 
Hospicii  Domina;  Reginae  Elizabeth,  pro  uno  integro  anno,  finito  ad  ultimum  diem  Septembris,  anno 
regni  sui  tertio. 

■  See  before,  p.  31. 

*  Somerset  House,  scituate  in  the  Strond  near  the  Thamise,  buylded  by  the  late  Duke  of  Somerset, 
not  fully  finished,  yet  a  most  stately  house,  and  of  greate  receyte,  having  chief  prospect  towardes  the 
South,  and  the  sweet  river  of  the  Thamise  offereth  manie  pleasing  delights  [the  fields  also  and  the 
aire  sweet  and  pleasant].  The  Right  Hon.  the  Lord  Hunsdon,  Lord  Chamberlayne  to  her  Majestie, 
hath  under  her  Majestie  the  use  thereof. 

The  Savoye  was  first  buylt  of  Peter  Earl  of  Savoye  (as  Mr.  Stowe  hath  record),  who  was  after 
made  Earle  of  Richmunde  by  Henry  III.  who  called  it  the  Savoy  after  his  countrye  :  but  Polydore 
Vergil,  hereunto  disagreeing,  alloweth  him  not  Earle  of  Savoye,  but  calleth  him  Petrus  Sabaudensis, 
Peter  of  Savoy ;  who,  as  Polydore  also  affirmeth,  buylt  the  same,  and  called  it  after  his  countrye. 


THE   GlUEEN's    PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,   AND    HERTS,    I56I.  QS 

fower  pounds  4s.  Ad.\\  ]  Butt'  20 1.  10s.  2\d. ;  2 Gard'  1 7 /.  16*5.  5 d. ;        gg.    s.    d. 

3Coquin' 40/.  15*.  He?.;  4Pull'  lgl.Qs.  3d.;  5Scutt' 48s.;  6Sals' 

25*.  lOd.  ;    Aula,  &c.  61.  las.  Sd.;    Stabulum    lol.  iSs.  6d.; 

7Vad' 10/. ;  Elimozina  4*.       -----     134     4     2 

Wansted  &  Havering8. 
Lunae,  decimo  quarto  die  Julii,  ibidem,  Wansted  &  Havering        -     104     2  11§ 
Martis,  decimo  quinto  die  Julii,  ibidem  Havering  -  -     107   18     1 

Purgo9. 
Mercurii,  decimo  sexto  die  Julii,  ibidem  &  Purgo  -  ..     113     6     3| 

It  was  afterwards  consumed  with  fire  by  the  rage  of  the  Kentish  rebels,  and  after  re-edifyed  and 
brought  to  perfection  by  the  last  will  of  Henry  the  Seventh.  Henry  the  Eighth,  by  whose  last  will 
also  it  was  made  an  Hospital  for  the  relief  of  100  poor  people,  also  gave  lands  and  rich  revenues  there- 
unto. It  belonged  to  the  Duke  of  Lancaster  in  the  time  of  Richard  the  Second,  when  it  was  burned. 
In  it  there  is  reserved  proper  lodgings  for  the  Chancelor  of  the  Duchy.  There  is  appointed  over 
this  Hospital  a  Governor,  chosen  and  invested  by  her  Majesty,  who  hath  especial  respect  to  his  learn- 
ing and  sincere  life  ;  and  he  is  called  by  the  name  of  the  Master  of  the  Hospital  of  the  Savoy,  whose 
place  is  of  credit,  and  of  sufficient  allowance.  And  he  is  strictly  bound  in  conscyence  to  be  vigilant 
both  to  edifie  them,  and  to  see  the  due  execution  of  the  purpose  of  the  founder.  There  is  within 
the  Savoy  a  Parish  Church,  which  serveth  for  such  as  inhabit  the  Duchy  lande,  which  is  a  great  part 
of  the  street  between  the  Savoy  and  Temple  Barr  on  the  same  syde,  and  some  part  of  the  other  side. 
1  Buttery.  *  Wardrobe.  3  Kitchen.  *  Poultry.  5  Scullery.  6  Saltmeats. 

7  Presents,  fees,  vails  :  called  in  the  Gorhambury  accounts  Rewards. 

8  The  former  belonged  by  grant  from  Edward  VI.  1549,  to  Robert  Lord  Rich,  then  Lord  Chan- 
cellor, from  which  post  he  retired  5  Edward  VI.  and  died  1566.  See  hereafter,  under  1578.  The 
latter  was  probably  in  the  hands  of  John  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  who  died  in  1562.  But  see  under 
the  year  1579. 

9  Elizabeth,  in  1559,  granted  this  Mansion  and  Park,  situate  in  the  Parish  of  Havering,  to  Sir 
John  Grey,  second  son  of  Thomas  Grey,  Marquis  of  Dorset.  He  died  possessed  of  it,  1564,  and  was 
buried  in  its  Chapel,  where  he  has  a  monumental  brass,  engraved  in  Knight's  Life  of  Erasmus,  p. 
293,  whereon  he  is  styled  the  Lorde  John  Grey,  Knight,  a  particular  which  is  not  mentioned  by  our 
historians,  Sir  William  Dugdale,  or  Mr.  Morant.  Dr.  Knight  also  says,  this  was  "  the  seat  of  the 
Lord  Grey,  Marquess  of  Dorset,  where  is  still  in  the  Chappie  a  monument  of  his  eldest  son,  and  Lady, 
&c.  &c."  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Anthony  Brown,  Viscount  Montacute,  by  whom  he  left  issue 
four  sons  and  four  daughters.  Henry,  the  youngest  son,  was  created  by  James  I.  Baron  Grey  of 
Groby.  Purgo  House  being  sold  to  a  bricklayer  at  Ilford,  who  pulled  down  the  two  wings  and 
Chapel,  the  bodies  were  removed  to  a  vault  built  in  Havering  Chapel.  The  Lord  John  Grey, 
it  may  be  added,  was  uncle  to  the  accomplished  Princess  Lady  Jane  Grey,  and  also  to  the  Lady 
Katharine  Grey,  reputed  wife  to  Edward  Earl  of  Hertford.  In  a  letter  written  during  this 
progress  from  Secretary  Cecil  to  Archbishop  Parker,  dated  Smallbridge,  August  1"2,  1561,  he 
observes,  "  the  Lady  Katharine   Grey  is  known  to  be  big  with  child  by  the  Earl  of  Hertford.     She 


& 

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94  THE    ftUEEN's    PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND    HERTS,  156l. 

Havering  &  Lowtenhall  *. 
Jovis,  decimo  septimo  die  Julii,  ibidem  Haveringe  &  Lowtenhall  - 
Veneris,  decimo  octavo  die  Julii,  ibidem  Havering 

Ingerston  2. 
Sabbati,  decimo  nono  Julii,  ibidem  &  Hingerstone 
Dominica,  vicesimo  die  Julii,  ibidem  Ingerstone 

New  Hall3. 
Lunse,  vicesimo  primo  die  Julii,  ibidem  &  Newhall 
Martis,  vicesimo  secundo  die  Julii,  ibidem  Newhall 
Mercurii,  vicesimo  tertio  Julii,  ibidem      * 
Jovis,  vicesimo  quarto  die  Julii,  ibidem  ut  supra  - 
Veneris,  vicesimo  quinto  die  Julii,  ibidem  ut  supra 

is  committed  to  the  Tower,  and  he  sent  for  home.  She  says  she  is  married."  The  Earl  was  after- 
wards also^committed  to  the  Tower,  where  this  Lady  bore  him  two  sons.  Falling  into  much  bodily 
sickness  through  grief  and  melancholy  at  the  Queen's  displeasure,  she  was  permitted  to  retire  to  her 
uncle's  at  Purgo  ;  and  died  in  Suffolk  in  January,  1568. 

*  Lowten  [Loughton]  Hall,  was  then  in  possession  of  Sir  Thomas  Darcy,  by  grant  from  Edward  VI. 
8  The  seat  of  Sir  William  Petre,  Principal  Secretary  and  Privy  Counsellor  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  as 
well  as  to  her  three  predecessors.     He  died  1571,  a  man  of  approved  wisdom,  excellent  manners, 
and  liberal  charity. 

1  New  Hall,  in  the  parish  of  Boreham,  by  Chelmsford,  was  a  Royal  Mansion  purchased  by  Henry 
VIII.  1587,  of  the  Bishop  of  London,  under  the  will  of  Thomas  Boteler,  Earl  of  Ormond,  to  whom 
Henry  VII.  gave  it  for  his  attachment  to  the  line  of  Lancaster,  and  whose  eldest  daughter  was  mar- 
ried to  Sir  Thomas  Bullen,  and  by  him  had  Anne,  afterwards  consort  of  Henry  VIII.  and  mother 
of  her  Majesty.  Henry  VIII.  gave  it  the  name  of  Beaulieu,  erected  it  into  an  honor,  and  im- 
proved and  adorned  it.  He  built  the  noble  gatehouse  leading  into  the  principal  court,  whereon  were 
carved  in  stone  his  arms  supported  by  a  greyhound  and  griffin ;  the  rose  and  pomegranate  inter- 
mixed j  and  under  them  this  inscription  : 

"  Henricus,  Rex  Octavus,  rex  inclitus  armis, 
Magnanimus  struxit  hoc  opus  eximium." 
Over  the  house  door  were  the  same  arms  in  a  garter,  supported  by  a  lion  and  a  griffin,  and  this  in- 
scription :  and  on  each  side  it  cariatides. 

Viva,  Elizabetha. 
"In  terra  la  piu  saviaregina, 
En  cielo  la  piu  lucente  stella, 
Virgine  magnanima,  dotta,  divina, 
Lagiadra,  honesta,  e  bella. 
Henry  kept  the  feast  of  St.  George,  1524,  in  this  house. 


J".-—:  r^-."  v  Tf."--"y  .L>'-r»-  ■  ■  .■ 


»«>  -iT*>  hlK:  .K^  ;*- 


THE    GLUEEn's    PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,   AND   HERTS,    I56I.  95 

Felix  Hall  l  &  Colchester  2.  ^g.   s.    d. 

Sabbati,  vicesimo  sexto  die  Julii,  ibidem,  Felixhall  &  Colchester  -     101   12     5^ 

It  continued  in  the  Crown  till  Elizabeth,  May  28,  1573,  granted  it  in  the  most  ample  manner  to 
Thomas  Ratcliffe,  Earl  of  Sussex. 

Robert,  the  last  Earl  of  Sussex  of  this  family,  who  died  1629,  sold  this  Mansion  for  thirty  thousand 
pounds  to  George  Villiers,  the  great  Duke  of  Buckingham,  on  whose  death  it  descended  to  his  son 
and  namesake.  He  taking  a  distinguished  part  in  the  Royal  interest  was  attainted,  and  this  estate 
being  put  up  to  sale  was  purchased,  1651,  by  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  two  years  after  exchanged  it  for 
Hampton  Court.  This  estate  was  then  sold  to  three  wealthy  Citizens  of  London.  At  the  Restoration 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham  probably  recovered  it,  and  it  was  purchased  by  General  Monk,  who  was 
created  Duke  of  Albemarle,  and  died  1669-70.  His  son  and  successor  died  16S8,  whose  Duchess  re- 
married, 1691,  to  Ralph  Duke  of  Montague.  From  that  time,  this  estate  being  her  jointure,  the 
noble  Mansion  was  neglected  and  fell  to  ruin.  Before  her  death,  which  happened  1734,  her  heirs 
sold  the  reversion  to  Benjamin  Hoare,  Esquire,  youngest  son  of  Sir  Richard  Hoare,  Banker,  and 
Lord  Mayor  of  London,  1713.  He  built  a  handsome  seat  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  London-road, 
which  he  adorned  with  its  fine  marbles  and  other  valuable  materials,  and  1737  sold  New  Hall,  with 
the  gardens,  park  behind,  and  the  fine  avenue,  but  none  of  the  land  on  either  side  thereof,  to  John 
Olmius,  Esquire  who  pulled  down  the  greatest  part  of  the  noble  pile,  reserving  enough  for  a  private 
mansion,  of  which  an  indifferent  view  may  be  seen  in  Mr.  Morant's  History  of  Essex,  II.  14.  The 
beautiful  painted  window,  now  in  St.  Margaret's  Church  at  Westminster,  once  adorned  the  Chapel 
of  New  Hall.  Mr.  Olmius  sold  it  for  fifty  pounds  to  Edward  Conyers,  Esquire,  of  Copthall,  who  in- 
tended to  put  it  up  in  the  Chapel  of  his  mansion  there  :  but  when  that  venerable  pile,  which  had 
belonged  to  the  Abbot  of  Waltham,  was  condemned  on  account  of  the  expence  of  keeping  it  in 
repair,  or  rather  sacrificed  to  the  passion  of  building  a  modern  house  in  a  distant  situation,  his  son 
the  late  John  Conyers,  Esquire,  sold  the  window  for  four  hundred  pounds  to  the  parishioners  of  St. 
Margaret,  who  fixed  it  in  their  Church  after  no  little  controversy  about  the  right  and  propriety  of 
setting  up  such  a  badge  of  idolatry  in  a  Protestant  Church,  from  which  reproach  the  pen  of  the  late 
Dr.  Wilson  was  hardly  sufficient  to  defend  them.  And  that  this  fine  painting,  originally  a  present 
from  the  magistrates  of  Dort  to  Henry  VII.  for  his  new  Chapel  at  Westminster,  might  be  more 
effectually  transmitted  to  posterity,  Mr.  G.  Vertue  was  employed  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  to 
make  a  drawing  of  it,  which  has  since  been  engraved  at  the  expence  of  the  same  Society  ;  as  have 
also  the  inside  prospect  of  the  house,  the  chapel  and  the  hall,  and  a  view  of  the  front  in  the 
second  volume  of  the  "  Vetusta  Monumenta."  The  Society  have  also  drawings  of  the  chimney- 
pieces,  and  other  carved  work  in  marble,  such  as  arms,  crests,  and  supporters  of  Henry  VIII.  and 
Thomas  Ratcliffe,  Earl  of  Sussex,  and  Frances,  daughter  of  Sir  William  and  sister  of  Sir  Henry 
Sydney,  and  foundress  of  Sydney  Sussex  College,  Cambridge,  by  the  same  faithful  artist,  together 
with  portraits  of  Henry  VII.  and  his  Queen,  of  the  full  size  of  those  in  the  window. 

1  Felix  Hall,  or,  as  it  should  more  correctly  be  written,  Filliot's  Hall,  from  a  family  of  that  name  in 
the  reign  of  Stephen,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the  Bohuns,  and  at  this  time  was  in  the  possession  of 
Henry,  a  minor,  son  of  Sir  Robert  Long,  by  Margaret,  widow  of  Sir  Thomas  Kitson,  of  Hengrave 
Hall,  Suffolk.     It  was  in  the  year  1785  on  sale  as  the  property  of  the  late  Daniel  Mathews,  Esq. 

1  Colchester.  Here,  at  Harwich,  and  Ipswich,  the  care  of  entertaining  her  Majesty  probably  fell 
on  the  respective  Corporations. 


96  THE    ftUEEN's   PROGRESS   INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,   AND    HERTS,    I56I, 


Dominica,  vicesimo  septimo  die  ibidem,  Colchester  dispenss* 
67.  13s.  3d.;  Butt'  \6l.  2.  2d.;  Gard'  17/.  19*.  8%d;  Coquin' 
S7l.2s.Sd.;  Pullia  19I.  15s.  ll±d. ;  Scutt'48.s.4c?. ;  Sals' 15-s.  2c?.; 
Aula,  61.  17s.  6d.;  Stabul'  10/.  18s.  6d.;  Vad'  10?. ;  Elimoz' 4s. 

Lunae,  vicesimo  octavo  die  Julii,  ibidem  ut  supra 

Martis,  vicesimo  nono  die  Julii,  ibidem  ut  supra  - 

St.  Ossye's  K 

Mercurii,  tricesimo  die  Julii2,  ibidem  &  St.  Osyes 
Jovis,  ultimo  die  Julii,  ibidem  St.  Osyes 

Colchester3. 
Die  Veneris,  primo  die  Augusti,  ibidem  - 

Harwiche  4. 

Die  Sabbati,  secundo  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  ut  et  Harwich,  dispenss* 
100s.  7d.;  Butt'  43I.  19s.  2d.;  Garder'  61.  4s.  8±d.  ;  Coquina 
41/.  8s.  Ad.;  Pullia  103*.  10c?.;  Scutt'  \6s.  Sd. ;  Salsar*  19s.  10c?.; 
Aula,  4*.;  Stabulum  15/.  5*.  l§c?. ;  Vadia  lol. ;  Elimozina  4*. 


zB.    s.    d. 


.     128  7 

6£ 

-  107  13, 

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-  105  5 

0 

-  loo  6 

4* 

-     105  9 

5. 

-  99     4 

51 

106    7    of 


1  St.  Osythe's  on  John  Lord  Darcy,  eldest  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Darcy,  who  had  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  Vere,  Earl  of  Oxford,  before  mentioned,  and  was  created,  1551,  Baron  Darcy,  of 
Chiche.     Lord  John  married  Frances,  daughter  of  Richard,  Lord  Rich,  and  died  1580. 

9  July  30,  1561,  about  eight  or  nine  was  as  great  thunder  and  lightning  as  any  man  had  ever  heard 
till  past  ten ;  after  that  great  rains  till  midnight,  insomuch  that  the  people  thought  the  world  was  at 
an  end,  and  the  day  of  doom  was  come,  it  was  so  terrible. 

J  This  summer  the  Queen  went  a  progress  into  Essex  and  Suffolk.     I  find  her  at  Colchester  the 

latter  end  of  July ;  and  thence  she  went  to  Ipswich.     Here  her  Majesty  took  a  great  dislike  at  the 

imprudent  behaviour  of  many  of  the  ministers  and  readers ;  there  bemS  many  weak  ones  among  them, 

and  little  or  no  order  observed  in  the  public  service,  and  few  or  none  wearing  the  surplice.     And  the 

Bishop  of  Norwich  himself  was  thought  remiss,  and  winked  at  schismatics.     But  more  particularly 

she  was  offended  with  the  clergy's  marriage,  and  that  in  Cathedrals  and  Colleges  there  were  so  many 

wives,  and  widows  and  children  seen  ;  which,  she  said,  was  so  contrary  to  the  intent  of  the  founders, 

and  so  much  tending  to  the  interruption  of  the  studies  of  those  who  were  placed  there.     Therefore 

she  issued  out  an  order  to  all  dignitaries,  dated  Aug.  9,  at  Ipswich,  to  forbid  all  resort  of  women  to 

the  lodgings  of  Cathedrals  or  Colleges  ;  and  that  upon  pain  of  losing  their  ecclesiastical  promotions. 

And  this  order  was  to  be  entered  into  their  books  of  statutes,  and  to  be  reputed  as  parcel  of  the 

statutes.     The  copy  of  this  order  was  sent  by  the  secretary  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  for  his 

province,  to  the  Archbishop  of  York  for  his,  and  to  the  Chancellors  of  the  two  Universities  for  their 

charges.     Strype's  Life  of  Parker,  p.  106,  where  see  the  injunction  at  large. 

*  Seep.  97. 


THE    aUEEN's    PROGRESS    INTO   ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND   HERTS,  I56I. 


97 


Die  Dominica,  tertio  die  Augusti,  ibidem  Harwich l,  dispenss' 
105*.  lid.;  Buttill'  l6l.  9s.  Qd.;  Garderob'  14L  19*-  1§^-  ; 
Coquina467.  15*.  2d.  ;  Pullia  18/.  13s.  yd. ;  Scutt'  30s. ;  Salsar' 
235.;  Aula,  &c.  26s.  10d.;  Stabulum  13I.  5*.  \\d.  ;  Vadia  10/. ; 
Elimozina  4*.  - :         ':~  ■-  -  ' 

Die  Lunse,  quarto  die  Augusti,  ibidem     -  -  -  - 

Die  Martis,  quinto  die  Augusti,  ibidem  et  Ippeswiche 

Ippeswiche  2. 
Die  Mercurii,  sexto  die  Augusti,  ibidem  Ippeswich 

Die  Jovis,  septimo  die  Augusti,  ibidem  - 

Die  Veneris,  octavo  die  Augusti,  ibidem  -  -  -  - 

Die  Sabbati,  nono  die  Augusti,  ibidem     -  -  -  - 

Adhuc  Ippeswiche. 
Die  Dominica,  decimo  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  dispenss'  105*.  3d.; 
Buttill'  19Z.  Js.  lid. ;  Garder'  l6l.  is.  jd.;  Coquina34/.  19*.  2d.; 
Pullia  19/.  is.  O^d.;  Scuttilia  61.  55.;  Salsar'  235.;  Aula  &  Ca- 
mera 53s.  8c?.;  Stabulum  igl.  8s.  S^d. ;  Vadea  10Z. ;  Elimo- 
mosina  4s.      - 

Shelley  Hall3  &  Smalebridge4. 
Die  Lunae,  undecimo  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  ut  Shelly  Hall  et  Smale- 
bridge, dispenss'  105s.  3d.;  Buttil'  19Z.  ;  Garder'  8/.  4*.  9d.; 
Coquina29/.  6'*.  Sd. ;  Pullia  15/.  Js.  lod. ;  Scutt'  7/.  105. ;  Salsar' 
23*.  ;  Aula  &  Camera  $0s. ;  Stabulum  30/.  ls.$\d.  ;  Vadia  lOl. ; 
Elimozina  4*-  --..-■-_-- 


^.     s.     d. 


-     129   13     3 


113 

6 

°i 

109 

16 

/  4- 

108 

9 

H 

104 

14 

3 

100 

3 

9§ 

108 

10 

6i 

134     9     4 


12S     3     3! 


1  At  Harwich  the  (Queen  accepted  of  an  Entertainment  from  the  Borough ;  lodging,  as  it  is  said, 
for  several  days  at  a  house  about  the  middle  of  the  High-street.  And  being  attended  by  the  Magis- 
trates at  her  departure  as  far  as  the  Windmill  o\it  of  Town,  she  graciously  demanded  of  them,  what 
they  had  to  request  of  her  j  from  whom  whom  she  received  this  answer,  "  Nothing,  but  to  wish  her 
Majesty  a  good  journey."  Upon  which  she  turning  her  head  about,  and  looking  upon  the  Town,  said, 
"  A  pretty  Town,  and  wants  nothing;"  and  so  bad  them  farewell.     Dale's  Harwich,  p.  149. 

*  In  Mr.  Bacon's  MS  Annals  of  Ipswich  (now  in  the  Town-clerk's  Office,  and  for  an  account  of 
which  see  Kirby,  p.  15)  are  the  following  entries  : 

"  3  E.  the  tenth  day  of  June.     Assessment  for  the  Queen's  Entertainment. 

"  All  the  inhabitants  of  the  towne  shall  be  assessed  to  the  costs  and  charges  for  the  Entertainment 
of  the  Queen  at  her  next  comming  to  the  towne.  And  the  assessors  are  named  :  and  such  as  shall 
not  pay  their  assessment  shall  be  disfranchised." 

"3E,  Tewesday,  17  July.  Perambulacion  liberty  by  water  with  the  Queen. — There  shall  be  two 
vessells  or  botes  decently  furnished  to  attend  upon  the  Queen's  Majl»e  soe  far  as  the  liberty  doe  extend." 

3  Shelley  Hall,  in  the  parish  of  the  same  name,  not  far  from  Ongar,  was  another  mansion  of 
Robert,  Lord  Rich,  who  held  it  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.  *  See  p.  98. 

VOL.  I.  O 


98  THE    GlUEEN's   PROGRESS    INTO   ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,   AND   HERTS,  ljfll. 

Die  Martis,  duodecimo  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  Smalebridge1,  dispenss*      gg.     *.     d. 
J  I.  10*.  Sd.  ;  Buttil'  19/.  05.  gd.  ;  Gard'  J  I.  18*.  2\d. ;  Coquina 
28/.  145.  ;  Pullia  16I.9S.  Sd.;  Scutt'  7/.;  Salsar' 20*.  8*2 ;  Aula, 
&c.  23*. ;  Stabulum  25/.  5*.  6%d. ;  Vadia  lo£.;  Elimosina  4*.         124     6     5^ 

Die  Mercurii,  decimo  tertio  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  dispenss' 
7/.  10*.  Sd. ;  Buttilia  18/.  5*.  $d.  ;  Gard'  jl.  16*.  ll±d.;  Co- 
quina 29/.  175.  lod.  ;  Pullia  16/.  7*.  2d.-,  Scutt'  119*.  4d.  ; 
Salsar'  19*.  4d. ;  Aula,  &c.  4/.  9*.  6d. ;  Stabulum  19/.  17*.  6^rf. ; 
Vadia  10/. ;  Elimozina  4*.       -  -  -  -     121     7    ,8f 

Hemingham  2. 

Die  Jovis,  decimo  quarto  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  ut  et  Hemingham, 

dispenss'  13/.  16*.  jd. ;  Buttilia  18/.  14*. ;    Gard'  jl.  16s.  3%d.; 

Coquina  2SL   10*.  6d.  ;     Pullia   15/.   6s.   ll±d.  ;     Scutt'  50*. ; 

Salsar    23*.  Sd.  ;  Aula,  &c.  20*.  6d.  ;  Stabulum  28/.  16*.  1\&.\ 

Vadia  10/. ;  Elimozina  4*.       - 

Adhuc  Hemingham. 
Die  Veneris,  decimo  quinto  die  Augusti,  ibidem  Hemingham 
Die  Sabbati,  decimo  sexto  die  Augusti,  ibidem      -  - 

Die  Dominica,  decimo  septimo  die  Augusti,  ibidem 

Die  Lunae,  decimo  octavo  die  Augusti,  ibidem,  dispenss'  107*.  lie?. ; 
Buttil' 20/.  10*.  2d.  ;  Gard'  18Z.  19*.  lid.;  Coquina  29/.  16*. ; 
Pullia  18/.  3*.  gd. ;  ScuttiU'  50*. ;  Salsar'  24*. ;  Aula  &  Camera 
33*.  Ad.-,  Stabulum  13/.  15*.  l£rf. ;  Vadia  10/. ;  Elimozina  4*.       121     4     2\ 

Gosfeld3. 
Die  Martis,  decimo  nono  die  Augusti,  ibm  et  Gosfeld       -  -     107     9   114 

Die  Mercurii,  vicesimo  die  Augusti,  ibm  Gosfelde  -  -     104  1211 

1  Smalbridge,  in  the  Parish  of  Buers  St.  Mary,  was  the  seat  of  the  family  of  Waldegrave  from  the 
time  of  Edward  I.  Sir  Edward  Waldegrave,  a  great  favourite  with  Queen  Mary,  was  committed  to 
the  Tower,  and  died  here  September  1  this  year.  Here  resided  the  now  noble  family  of  Waldegrave, 
which  was  of  great  consideration  in  Suffolk  for  some  centuries. 

9  Helmingham,  in  Bosmere  and  Claydon  Hundred,  not  far  from  Ipswich  and  Needham,  became 
the  seat  of  the  Tollemaches  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  Helmingham.  This  was  long  before  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth  the  seat  of  the  Tollemaches,  now  earls  of  Dysart,  and  was  at  that  time  possessed 
by  a  Sir  Lionel  Tollemache,  who  probably  now  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  her  Majesty,  and  whose 
son  was  created  a  baronet  at  the  first  institution  of  that  dignity.  His  grandfather  Sir  Lionel  was 
High  Sheriff  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  4  Henry  VIII.  1513,  as  was  his  grandson  and  namesake. 

3  Gosfield  was  another  mansion  of  the  Rich  family  by  marriage  of  Sir  Hugh,  second  son  of  the 
Chancellor,  with  Anne,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Wentworth,  who  on  the  death  of  her 
first  husband,  1554,  was  re-married  to  Henry  Fitz  Alan,  Lord  Maltravers,  who  died  1556,  and  she 
15SO,so  that  it  is  very  probable  she  resided  in  this  mansion  during  her  widowhood.. 


127 

19 

H 

104 

2 

Ǥ 

110 

15 

10f 

92 

0 

2^- 

-  108 

13 

H 

97 

13 

hi 

99 

13 

H 

83 

0 

10* 

109 

15 

101 

THE    QUEEN*  S   PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND    HERTS,  I56I.  99 

Lees  l.  gg.     s.     d. 

Die  Jovis,  vicesimo  primo  die  Augusti,  ibm  &  Lees 
Die  Veneris,  vicesimo  secundo  die  Augusti,  ibm  Lees, 
Die  Sabbati,  vicesimo  tertio  die  Augusti,  ibm 
Die  Dominica,  vicesimo  quarto  die  Augusti,  ibm, 

Allingbury  Morley2. 
Die  Lunae,  vicesimo  quinto  die  Augusti,  ibm  et  Allingbury  Morley, 

Adhuc  Allingbury  Morley. 
Die  Martis,  vicesimo  sexto  die  Augusti,  ibm,         -  -  -     102     5     8| 

1  Lees  was  another  mansion  of  the  Rich  family,  being  a  priory  granted 26  Hen.  VIII.  to  the  Chan- 
cellor of  that  name.  He  made  it  his  capital  mansion.  It  was  all  built  of  brick,  and  consisted  of  two 
courts,  the  inner  one  towards  the  garden  faced  with  stone.  Three  parks  belonged  to  it,  long  since 
converted  into  farms.  It  continued  in  the  family  till  it  passed  by  marriage  with  a  daughter  to  the 
Earl  of  Manchester  j  thence  by  purchase  to  Edmund  Sheffield,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  who  died  1735, 
and  by  his  Father's  will  it  descended  to  his  half  brother  Sir  Charles  Sheffield,  who  sold  it  for  40,000 
pounds  to  the  governors  of  Guy's  Hospital,  who  have  caused  it  all  to  be  taken  down  except  the 
gatehouse,  and  the  lands  to  be  converted  into  farms.  Such  were  the  beauties  and  conveniences  of 
this  mansion,  that  Mr.  Knightly,  a  Northamptonshire  Gentleman,  said  to  Robert,  the  second  Lord 
Rich,  "  My  Lord,  you  had  need  make  sure  of  Heaven,  or  else  when  you  die  you'll  be  a  great  loser." 
And  Dr.  Anthony  Walker,  in  his  funeral  Sermon  for  Charles,  Earl  of  Warwick,  pays  it  a  compliment 
not  quite  so  strained,  when  addressing  the  Earl  of  Manchester,  to  whom  it  was  bequeathed,  he  con- 
cludes, "  your  noble  uncle  hath  left  you,  after  your  noble  aunt,  a  secular  elysium,  a  worldly  paradise, 
a  Heaven  upon  Earth,  if  there  be  any  such."  In  1760,  at  which  time  as  much  was  remaining  as 
appears  in  Buck's  view  of  it,  1738,  was  shewn  a  room  called  Queen  Elizabeth's ;  and  in  the  desolated 
garden  was  a  neglected  fountain,  not  unlike  that  which  appears  in  the  forest  of  the  Champ  de 
Drap  dOr. 

2  Allingbury  Morley,  or  Great  Hallingbury,  was  the  residence  of  the  Morley  family  from  the 
beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century.  An  heir  female  conveyed  it  by  marriage  to  William  Lovel, 
who  took  the  title  of  Lord  Lovel  of  Tichmarsh,  whose  daughter  succeeded  to  it,  and  married  Sir 
William  Parker.  Their  son  Henry  was  summoned  to  Parliament,  1529,  by  the  name  of  Lord  Morley, 
married  Alice,  daughter  of  Sir  John  St.  John  of  Blefcso,  and  died  1556 ;  their  daughter  Jane 
was  wife  of  George  Boleyn,  Viscount  Rochford ;  and  their  son  Henry  was  created  Knight  of  the 
Bath  at  the  coronation  of  Queen  Anne  Boleyn ;  so  that  the  Queen  was  here  among  her  relations. 
On  the  North  side  of  the  chancel  is  an  altar-tomb,  and  over  it,  against  the  wall,  in  six  compartments 
inscriptions  on  two  brass  plates,  commemorating  the  several  branches  of  this  family  to  Sir  Henry, 
who  died  1556.  In  the  centre  of  these  plates  is  a  beautiful  and  well-preserved  little  skeleton  carved 
in  alabaster.  The  old  mansion-house  here  was  completely  modernised  by  Jacob  Houblon,  Esquire, 
whose  family  became  possessed  of  it  early  in  the  seventeenth  century. 


100         THE  aUEEN's    PROGRESS   INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND   HERTS,  I56I. 


Stan  den1. 
Die  Mercurii,  vicesimo  septimo  die  Augusti,  ibm  et  Standen, 

Die  Jovis,  vicesimo  octavo  die  Augusti,  ibm  Standen, 

Die  Veneris,  vicesimo  nono  die  Augusti,  ibm, 

Hartford  2. 
Die  Sabbati,  tricesimo  die  Augusti,  ibm  et  Hartford, 

DieDominica,  ultimo  die  Augusti,  ibm  Hartford,  dispenss'  100s.  3d. 
Buttil'  15/.  16s.  id.;  Garder'  13/.  10.9.  5±d. ;  Coquina  39/.  lSs. 
Pullia  17/.  12s.  *,d.;  Scutt'  45*.  10d. ;  Salsar'  29s.  2d.;  Aula 
&c.  335.;  Stabulum  13/.  5s.  ll^d.;  Vadia  lol. ;  Elimozina  4*. 

Luna?,  primo  die  Septembris,  ibm  Herforde,  dispenss'  4I.  12s.  6d. 
Butt'  10/.  9s.  l±d.  ;  Gard'  20l.  12s.  9d.  ;  Coquina  37/.  3*.  Ad. 
Pullia  16/.  13s.  id. ;  Scuttil'  49s.  6d. ;  Sals'  25*. ;  Aula  &  Camera 
48*.  ;  Stabulum  10Z.  5*.  ll%d.;  Vadia  15/. ;  Elimozina  4*. ; 

Martis,  scil'  2  die  Septembris,  ibm  ut  supra,  Dispenss'  4/.  12s.  6d. ; 
Butt'  141.7s.  2d. ;  Gard'  14/.  12s.  $d.;  Coquina  4ll.  4s.  6d ; 
Pullia  18/.  17*.  Jd.;  Scutt'  50*.  $d. ;  Sals'  22s.  lod. ;  Aula,  &c. 
31*.;  Stabulum  lol.  5s.  ll^d.  ;  Vadia  15/. ;  Elimozina  4*. ; 


112    15      1% 
102    10     4\ 

93    4    3i 


-    105  11     7 


120  15     if 


121    3    3i 


124     8     4f 


1  Standen,  in  Hertfordshire,  was  the  seat  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  who  for  his  bravery  at  the  battle  of 
Musselburgh  was  created  one  of  the  last  Knights  bannerets  j  and  the  pole  of  the  King  of  Scotland's 
standard,  which  he  then  took,  stands  now  by  his  monument  in  Standen  Church.    He  was  of  the 
Privy  Council  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.     He  built  the  mansion- 
house  here  on  the  site  of  another  which  had  belonged  to  the  Plantagenets,  till  Edward  IV.  brought  it 
to  the  Crown,  and  Henry  VIII.  gave  it  to  Sir  Ralph.    His  initials  are  over  the  hall  door  in  the  wooden 
spandrils,  and  over  the  porch  in  the  right  hand  spandril  is  R.  S.  with  a  lion  rampant  sinister  in  a  field 
Ermine,  dated  1546.     The  house  forms  a  quadrangle,  built  entirely  of  brick,  entered  by  a  gate  sided 
by  two  octagon  embattled  towers,  and  two  more  at  the  end  of  the  front.     On  the  right  is  an  oriel 
window  to  the  hall :  most  of  the  windows  are  sashed.     The  offices  form  a  second  quadrangle  on  the 
right,  but  have  been  partly  pulled  down.     Sir  Ralph's  eldest  son,  Thomas,  entertained  James  I.  two 
nights  here  in  his  way  from  Scotland.     Sir  Thomas's  daughter  Gertude  married  Sir  William  Aston,  of 
Tixall  in  Staffordshire ;  and  on  the  death  of  the  last  Lord  Aston  his  two  sisters  sold  the  estate  to 
Mr.  Plummer,  of  Blakesware,  whose  son  leased  it  first   to  a  Popish  seminary,  and  since  for  a 
hunting  inn,  which  not  answering,  much  of  the  house  has  been  taken  down  by  piecemeal  to  repair 
farms,  and  the  rest  let  to  a  farmer.     The  Chapel  is  now  only  distinguishable  by  tradition.    A  singular 
trap  door  was  found  in  the  garret  floor,  opening  to  a  matted  well-like  place.    Brithmere,  Abbot  of 
Croyland,  1030,  built  a  stately  house  here  for  his  accommodation  in  his  way  to  London. 

a  Of  the  Queen's  visit  to  this  Town  no  memorials  remain  in  the  books  of  the  Corporation.  The 
Town  was  indebted  to  her  for  a  Fair  and  a  Charter.  The  Castle  was  by  her  Father  once  intended  for 
his  residence,  and  with  that  view  he  caused  a  survey  to  be  taken  of  it,  and  the  Arms  of  England  are 
quartered  over  the  gate. 


F=\ 


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63 


fe 


a£. 

5. 

d. 

117 

6 

H 

112 

11 

2 

103 

4 

9* 

111 

9 

6f 

THE    aUEEN's   PROGRESS   INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,   AND    HERTS,  156l.         101 

Mercurii,  tertio  die  Septernbris,  ibidem  ut  supra, 

Jovis,  quarto  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  - 

Veneris,  quinto  die  Septernbris,  ut  supra, 

Sabbati,  sexto  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  - 

Dominica,  septimo  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
4/.  185.  2d.;  Butt'  14/.  2*.  6*.;  Gard'  167.  11*.  6d.;  Coquina 
39  £•  3*.  4d. ;  Pullia  19Z.  2s.  J^d.  ;  Scutt'  5 05. ;  Salsar'  28*.  Ad. ; 
Aula  &  Camera  4l.7s.6d.;  Stabulum  13/.  55.  llfd. ;  Vadia 
15/.;  Elimozina  4*. ;  -  -  -  -     130   13   11} 

Lunee,  octavo  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  dispenss'  4/.  l6s.  2d. ; 
Butt'  15I.  lis.  lOd. ;  Gard'  8/.  Is.  $^d. ;  Coquina  43/.  14*.  Qd. ; 
Pullia  13/.  105.  id. ;  Scutt'  5 15.;  Salsar'  235.  Ad.;  Aula  &  Camera 
295.;  Stabulum  13/.  55.  ll^e?. ;  Vadia  15/. ;  Elimozin'  45.; 

Martis,  nono  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra, 

Mercurii,  decimo  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra, 

Jovis,  undecimo  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra, 

Veneris,  duodecimo  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra, 

Sabbati,  decimo  tertio  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra, 

Dominica,  decimo  quarto  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
4/.  25.  8d.;  Butti'  13/.  105.  5d. ;  Gard'  15/.  55.  Ad. ;  Coquina     ^ 
30/.  105.9^. ;  Pullia  18/.  145.  6d.;  Scuttil'  535.;  Salsar'  145.  10d.; 
Aula  &  Camera  61.  125.  2d. ;  Stabulum  I3Z.  6*5.  9±d. ;  Vadia  lO/.; 
Elimozina  45. ;  -  -  -  -  -  -     120  14     5| 

Lunse,  decimo  quinto  die  Septernbris,  ibm  ut  supra,  -  100     9   1 0| 

Endville  K 
Martis,  decimo  sexto  die  Septernbris,  ibm  &  Endvile,  dispenss' 

1  The  old  brick  structure  on  the  South  side  of  the  Town,  and  opposite  to  the  Church  and  market- 
place, was  a  Royal  retreat,  originally  built,  according  to  Mr.  Camden,  "  by  Sir  Thomas  Lovel, 
Knight  of  the  Garter,  and  Privy  Counsellor  to  Henry  VII.  as  we  may  gather  from  the  Arms."  It  is 
true  none  of  these  arms  are  now  extant,  but  Camden  lived  too  near  the  time  for  us  to  question  his 
authority.  Sir  Thomas  died  at  Enfield,  May  25,  1524.  Henry  VIII.  probably  purchased  this  house, 
as  he  did  that  at  Hunsdon,  for  a  nursery  or  retreat  for  his  children.  Here  Edward  VI.  received  the 
news  of  his  Father's  death,  and  went  from  hence  next  day  to  the  Tower.  Queen  Elizabeth  was  here 
1567  and  1568,  and  in  the  latter  of  these  visits  amused  herself  with  shooting  at  butts  in  the  Park, 
and  at  the  same  time  received  in  a  most  gracious  manner  her  kinsman,  Robert  Cary,  appointing  him 
Warden  of  the  East  March  with  a  handsome  salary.  Vallance  in  his  Tale  of  two  Swannes,  mentions 
"  Enfield-house,  that  longs  unto  our  Queene ;"  and  Weever  ranks  it  among  the  "  Princely  Houses 


119 

7 

54 

116 

5 

<?* 

109 

4 

5§ 

108 

18 

3 

97 

4 

H 

100 

17 

3§ 

102         THE    QUEEN'S    PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND    HERTS,   I56T. 

s£.     S.     d. 
4/.   19*.;  Butt'   15/.  Os.  Sd.;  Garder'  18/.  0*.  *i\d. ;  Coquina 
22/.  12s.  Sd.;  Pullia  l8l.Ss.sd.;  Scutt'  110.5.4^.;  Sal sar'  18*.  8d.; 
Aula  &  Camera  lol.  is.  Sd.  ;  Stabulum   lol.  6s.  Q\d.;  Vadia 
iSl.  Is.  Sd.;  Elirnozina  4*. ;  -  125     5     8f 

Mercurii,  decimo  septimo  die  Septembris,  ifom  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
4I.  135.  A\d.;  Buttilia  18/.  12*.  6d.;  Gard'  9/.  5*.  2^d. ;  Coquina 
40/.  16*5.  8d.%;  Pullia  12/.  10*.  Sd. ;  Scutt'  7/.  4s.  5d.;  Sals' 
155.  Sd. ;  Stabulum  lol.  Js.  9\d.;  Vadia  18/.  8*.;  Elimozina  4*. ;     128  10     0£ 

inheritable  to  the  Crown  of  England."  At  the  time  of  King  Henry's  death,  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
was  residing  at  Enfield,  and  her  Brother  at  Hertford.  Among  the  collection  of  Royal  Letters  in  the. 
British  Museum  is  one  in  Latin  from  the  Princess  Elizabeth,  dated  Enfield,  Feb.  14  (the  year  not 
mentioned) ;  and  in  the  Bodleian  Library  is  preserved  a  MS.  copy  of  a  Sermon,  translated  from  the 
Italian  of  Occhini,  written  on  vellum  with  her  own  hand,  and  sent  as  a  New-year's  gift  to  her  Brother 
King  Edward.  The  Dedication  is  dated  at  Enfield,  Dec.  30  (the  year  not  mentioned).  Norden  says, 
"  Enfielde- house,  Queene  Elizabeth's,  builded  by  an  Earle  of  Worcester."  This  must  have  been  John 
Tiptoft,  beheaded  by  Edward  IV.  the  only  Earl  of  Worcester  who  had  any  possession  here,  and  from 
whom  the  manor  of  Worcester  here,  (now  the  property  of  James  Meyer,  Esq.)  takes  its  name,  having 
descended  to  him  from  his  Father  Sir  John  Tiptoft,  who  died  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.  The  Queen 
was  at  Enfield  Sept.  8 — 22,  1561 ;  July  25 — 30, 1564  ;  and  the  Court  was  there  again  July  25,  1568 ; 
and  the  Queen  in  1593.  Robert  Cary,  Earl  of  Monmouth,  speaking  of  events  which  happened  in 
1596,  says,  "  the  Queen  cameto  dinner  to  Enfield-house,  and  had  buts  set  up  in  the  park,  to  shoot 
at  after  dinner."  The  Palace  is  now  the  property  of  Daniel  Lister,  Esq.  The  only  part  now 
remaining  is  occupied  by  Mr.  May  as  a  boarding-school ;  it  has  a  lofty  square  parlour  wainscoted 
with  oak  curiously  pannelled.  The  chimney-piece  is  decorated  with  three  compartments  of  the  same 
work,  supported  by  a  pillar.  In  the  middle  compartment  are  the  Arms  of  England  in  a  Garter,  sup- 
ported by  a  Lion  and  Griffin.     Motto.     "  Dieu  &  mon  droit  j"  and  underneath, 

"  Sola  salus  servire  Deo ; 
Sunt  cetera  fraudes." 
At  the  side  the  Rose  and  Portcullis  crowned,  and  under  them  E.  R.  for  Elizabetha  Regina.  The 
mantle-piece  is  stone,  charged  with  foliage  and  birds,  and  supported  by  two  similar  pillars.  Above 
are  four  or  five  good  rooms  with  cielings  stuccoed  like  the  parlour.  Over  the  chimney  of  one  are 
the  Arms  of  England,  unsupported.  On  the  outside  of  the  front  are  in  stucco  the  same  arms, 
supporters,  and  mottos  as  already  described.  The  corners  of  this  house  appear  white  like  stone,  but 
are  only  plaister.  Behind  the  house  are  remains  of  offices  and  stables.  In  the  gardens  are  a  fine 
cedar,  (of  which  see  a  section,  with  admeasurements,  in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  XCI.  ii.  p.  28.)  and  several 
curious  trees,  planted  by  Dr.  Uvedale,  about  the  year  1 665,  who  kept  a  very  flourishing  school  in  this 
Palace.  The  Park,  still  known  by  the  name  of  the  Old  Park,  is  let  out  in  farms,  the  property  of 
John  Clayton,  Esq.  and,  till  the  inclosure,  retained  the  right  of  sheep  walk  and  common  on  Enfield 
Chace.  A  good  View  of  the  House,  drawn  by  W.  Ellis,  and  engraved  by  Edward  Scott,  may  be  seen 
in  the  Antiquarian  Repertory,  vol.  II.  p.  231,  accompanied  with  the  above  account. — A  more  particular 
description  of  this  antient  Palace,  illustrated  with  plates,  may  be  seen  in  my  friend  Mr.  Robinson's 
"  History  of  Enfield." 


THE    GLUEEN'S   PROGRESS    INTO    ESSEX,    SUFFOLK,    AND    HERTS,  156*1.  103 

&B.       S.       d. 

Jovis,  decimo  octavo  die  Septerabris,  ibm  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
8/.  l6s.  l|c?. ;  Butt'  18/.  9*.  6d. ;  Gard'  19/.  6*.  3fc?. ;  Coquina 
31/.  8*.  Sd. ;  Pullia  19/.  Os.Q^d.\  Scutt'  8/.  18*.;  Salsar'  13*.  4^?.; 
Aula,  &c.  67.  7*.  gd.\  Stabulum  16/.  7*.  Ofc?. ;  Vadia  10/. ; 
Elimozina  4*. ;  -  -  -  -'-  -     142  19   10§ 

Die  Veneris,  decimo  nono  die  Septembris,  ifom  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
61.  2*.  4\d.;  Butt'  15/.  10*.  jd.;  Gard'  18/.  5*.  id. ;  Coquina 
38Z.  115.  2d. ;  Pullia  13/.  11*.  106?.;  Scutt'  100*.;  Salsar'  14*. ; 
Aula  &  Camera  7/.  2*.  Qd. ;  Stabulum  \ol.  14*»  O^d.  ;  Vadia 
18/.  8*.;  Elimozina  4*. ;  -  -'  -  -     134     3   10 

Sabbati,  vicesimo  die  Septembris,  ifom  ut  supra,  dispenss' 
61.  18*.  l±d.;  Butt'  16/.  4s.  9\d. ;  Gard'  14I.  4s.  9%d. ;  Coquina 
40l.2s.7d.;  Pullia  13/.  lis.  9d.;  Scutt' 4/.  18*.  5^.;  Salsar' 
145.  2c?.;  Aula  &  Camera  60s.  %d. ;  Stabulum  12/.  4*.  O^d. ; 
Vadia  17/.  8*.;  Elimozina  4*.;  -  -  -     130   10   11^ 

Dominica,  vicesimo  primo  die  Septembris,  ifom,  dispenss'  103*.l  X\d.\ 
Butt'  13/.  5s.  Oft?.;  Gard'  12l.  9s.  4id.;  Coquina  46I.  Is.;  Pullia 
14/.  85.  lofc?.;  Scutt'  61.  5*.  2c?. ;  Salsar'  13*.  10c?. ;  Aula  &  Ca- 
mera 8/.  175.  4c?. ;  Stabulum  17/.  9*.  4\d.  ;  Vadia  18/.  8*. ;  Eli- 
mozina 4*. ;  -  -  -  -  -  -     143     2     5 

St.  James  l. 

Lunse,  vicesimo  secundo  die  Septembris,  ifem  &  St  Jacobi,  dispenss' 
61.  6s.  3%d.;  Butt'  17/.  2s.  sd.;  Gard'  19/.  9s.  4c?.;  Coquina 
45l.  Os.  5c?. ;  Pullia  14/.  5*.  7c?.;  Scutt'  102*.  10c?.;  Salsar' 
135.  8c?.;  Aula  &  Camera6/.  10*.;  Stabulum  12/.  19*.  2f  c?. ; 
Vadia  18/.  8*.;  Elimozina  4*.;  -  -     146     1     7^ 

Martis,  vicesimo  tertio  die  Septembris,  ifom  St.  Jacobi,  dispenss' 
61.  4s.  5d.;  Butt'  14/.  10*.  3c?. ;  Gard'  16/.  12*.  5c?.;  Coquina 
39/.  15*.  9d. ;  Pullia  18/.  16*.  8§c?. ;  Scutt'  61.  16*.  2d.;  Sals' 
12*.  8c?. ;  Aula,  &c.  68*.  6d.;  Stabulum  10/.  4*.  10fc?. ;  Vadia 
18/.  8*.;  Elimozina  4*. ;  -  135   14     9^ 

1  "  Not  far  from  this  glorious  Hall,"  says  Norden,  "  another  of  her  Highnes  houses  descryeth 
itself,  of  a  quadrate  forme,  erected  of  brick  j  the  exterior  shape  whereof  although  it  appear  without 
any  sumptuous  or  superfluous  devices,  yet  is  the  plot  very  princelye,  and  the  same  with  art  contrived 
within  and  without.  It  standeth  from  other  buildings  about  two  furlongs,  having  a  farme-house 
opposite  to  its  North  gate.  But  the  scituation  is  pleasant,  indued  with  a  good  ayre  and  pleasant 
prospects  ;  on  the  East,  London  offereth  itself  in  view  ;  in  the  South,  the  stately  buildings  of  West- 
minster, with  the  pleasant  park,  and  the  delights  thereof;  on  the  North,  the  green  fields.  It  was 
builded  by  Kinge  Henry  the  Eighth." 

Not  far  from  this  place  was  found  the  bone  of  a  man  of  an  admirable  magnitude  of  late  years,  by 
a  man  labouring  in  a  gravel-pit ;  the  vew  thereof  I  have  desired,  but  it  was  broken  and  spoyled. 


104  THE    aUEEN    AT    HERTFORD,    ENFIELD,    AND    ISLINGTON,  156*1. 

The  8th  of  September,  being  the  day  of  the  Nativity  of  Our  Lady,  they  began 
to  set  up  the  rails  of  Paul's  steeple  upon  the  battlements. 

The  same  day,  the  Queen,  who  had  been  in  her  Progress,  now  removed  from 
Hartford  Castle  to  Enfield.  And  the  22d  she  came  from  Enfield  to  St.  James's 
beyond  Charing-cross.  From  Islington  thither  the  hedges  and  ditches  were  cut 
down  to  make  the  next  way  for  her.  There  might  be  ten  thousand  People  met 
to  see  her ;  such  was  their  gladness  and  affection  to  her.  It  was  night  ere  she 
came  over  St.  Giles's  in  the  Fields. 

The  20th,  a  commandment  came  from  the  Queen  unto  the  College  of  Windsor, 
that  the  priests  belonging  thereunto  that  had  wives,  should  put  them  out  of  the 
College  ;  and  for  time  to  come  to  lye  no  more  within  that  place.  And  the  same 
to  be  observed  in  all  Colleges  and  Cathedral  Churches  ;  and  likewise  in  both  the 
Universities. 

October  3,  a  Royal  present  of  the  King  of  Sweden  to  her  Majesty  (whom  that 
King  courted  for  his  wife)  came  to  London  :  being  eighteen  great  horses,  all  of 
them  pyed-coloured.  They  were  brought  and  set  up  at  the  Cross  Keys  in  Gras- 
church-street.  The  next  day  came  two  ships  likewise  from  Sweden  to  Woolwich, 
laden  with  more  Royal  presents  for  the  Queen  l ;  and  the  6*th  day  those  presents, 
whatever  they  were,  having  been  put  into  certain  vessels,  the  said  vessels  being 
brought  up  to  London,  were  unladen  at  the  water-side,  and  carried  into  the 
Tower.  What  these  presents  were  is  not  related :  but  August  the  30th  last  past, 
the  news  were,  that  the  King  of  Sweden  was  sending  a  great  number  of  waggons, 
laden  with  massy  bullion,  and  other  things  of  value,  to  England.     Nay,  and  on 

1  This  King  continued  his  courtship  of  her  Majesty  most  eagerly  from  1560,  when  his  Father  was 
alive  (who  first  set  it  on  foot),  to  the  year  1562,  with  assured  hopes  of  marrying  her  at  last,  deluded 
by  some  Englishmen ;  which  was  the  reason  of  his  resolution  of  taking  a  voyage  into  England.  For 
some  idle  cheats  of  this  Nation,  pretending  themselves  well  acquainted  with  the  Court  and  the 
intrigues  of  it,  had  signified  by  letters  to  the  King,  that  they  knew  the  mind  of  the  Queen  and  her 
Council,  and  that  she  had  used  such  expressions  (which  they  feigned  themselves)  that  she  desired 
nothing  more  than  his  coming  over.  Of  all  this  the  Lords  of  the  Queen's  Council  in  a  letter 
informed  that  King's  Chancellor ;  and  that  in  truth  these  persons  were  some  obscure  impudent 
fellows,  that  knew  little  of  the  Queen  or  Court ;  and  that  they  did  but  befool  his  master  :  but  that 
they  had  taken  two  or  three  of  the  framers  of  these  letters  to  the  King  ;  who,  upon  examination,  had 
acknowledged  that  poverty  and  hope  of  gain  put  them  upon  what  they  did ;  hoping  by  this  means 
to  have  fished  out  money  either  of  the  King  or  him.  And  therefore  upon  them  they  resolved  to 
inflict  some  exemplary  punishment,  for  the  terror  of  all  such  sycophants  for  the  future.  This  letter 
was  dated  from  the  Court  at  Greenwich  the  5th  of  August,  1562. 


THE    GtUEEN    AT   THE    OPENING    OF    ST.    PAUL'S    CATHEDRAL,  I5GI.  105 

the  15th  of  September,  news  came  to  London,  that  the  King  of  Sweden  himself 
was  landed  in  the  North ;  and  indeed  he  was  himself  determined  to  come,  had 
not  the  Queen  by  a  letter  dissuaded  him. 

About  the  last  of  October  they  began  to  sing  service  at  St.  Paul's,  being  it 
seems  the  first  time  of  opening  the  Quire  after  the  fire.  The  Bishop  began  the 
service  himself.  There  was  then  also  a  great  Communion.  November  ],  the 
Mayor  and  Aldermen  went  in  the  afternoon  to  St.  Paul's  with  all  the  crafts  in 
their  Liveries,  attended  with  fourscore  men,  all  in  blue,  carrying  torches.  The 
Bishop  of  London  preached  the  Sermon.  They  tarried  in  the  Church  till  night ; 
and  so  the  Lord  Mayor  and  his  company  went  home  all  with  torch-light. 

The  aforesaid  Dean  (Nowell)  so  often  noted  for  his  frequent  preaching  before 
the  Queen,  and  in  other  great  and  honourable  assemblies,  preached  on  the  festival 
of  the  Circumcision,  being  New  Year's  Day,  at  St.  Paul's,  whither  the  Queen 
resorted.  Here  a  remarkable  passage  happened,  as  is  recorded  in  a  great  man's 
memorials,  who  lived  in  those  times.  The  Dean,  having  gotten  from  a  foreigner 
several  fine  cuts  and  pictures,  representing  the  stories  and  passions  of  the  Saints 
and  Martyrs,  had  placed  them  against  the  Epistles  and  Gospels  of  their  festivals 
in  a  Common  Prayer  Book  ;  and  this  book  he  had  caused  to  be  richly  bound,  and 
laid  on  the  cushion  for  the  Queen's  use,  in  the  place  where  she  commonly  sat, 
intending  it  for  a  New  Year's  gift  to  her  Majesty,  and  thinking  to  have  pleased 
her  fancy  therewith.  But  it  had  not  that  effect,  but  the  contrary  :  for  she  con- 
sidered how  this  varied  from  her  late  open  injunctions  and  Proclamations  against 
the  superstitious  use  of  images  in  Churches,  and  for  the  taking  away  all  such 
reliques  of  Popery.  When  she  came  to  her  place,  she  opened  the  book,  and 
perused  it,  and  saw  the  pictures  ;  but  frowned  and  blushed,  and  then  shut  it  (of 
which  several  took  notice)  ;  and,  calling  the  verger,  bad  him  bring  her  the  old 
book,  wherein  she  was  formerly  wont  to  read.  After  Sermon,  whereas  she  was 
wont  to  get  immediately  on  horseback,  or  into  her  chariot,  she  went  strait  to  the 
vestry,  and  applying  herself  to  the  Dean,  thus  she  spoke  to  him  : 

Q.  Mr.  Dean,  how  came  it  to  pass  that  a  new  Service-book  was  placed  on  my 
cushion  ?     To  which  the  Dean  answered  : 

D.  May  it  please  your  Majesty,  I  caused  it  to  be  placed  there. 
Then  said  the  Queen  :  Wherefore  did  you  so  ? 

D.  To  present  your  Majesty  with  a  New-year's  gift. 

Q.  You  could  never  present  me  with  a  worse.     D.  Why  so,  Madam  ? 

vol.  1.  p 


106  THE    GLUEEN    AT   A    CONFERENCE    WITH    DEAN   NOWELL,  156l. 

Q.  You  know  I  have  an  aversion  to  idolatry,  to  images  and  pictures  of  this  kind. 

D.  Wherein  is  the  idolatry,  may  it  please  your  Majesty  ? 

Q.  In  the  cuts  resembling  Angels  and  Saints  ;  nay,  grosser  absurdities,  pictures 
resembling  the  Blessed  Trinity. 

D.  I  meant  no  harm :  nor  did  I  think  it  would  offend  your  Majesty  when  I 
intended  it  for  a  New-year's  gift. 

Q.  You  must  needs  be  ignorant  then.  Have  you  forgot  our  Proclamation 
against  images,  pictures,  and  Romish  reliques  in  the  Churches  ?  Was  it  not  read 
in  your  Deanry  ? 

D.  It  was  read.  But  be  your  Majesty  assured,  I  meant  no  harm,  when  I 
caused  the  cuts  to  be  bound  with  the  Service-book. 

Q.  You  must  needs  be  very  ignorant  to  do  this  after  our  prohibition  of  them. 

D.  It  being  my  ignorance,  your  Majesty  may  the  better  pardon  me. 

Q.  I  am  sorry  for  it:  yet  glad  to  hear  it  was  your  ignorance,  rather  than  your 
opinion.     D.  Be  your  Majesty  assured,  it  was  my  ignorance. 

Q.  If  so,  Mr.  Dean,  God  grant  you  his  spirit,  and  more  wisdom  for  the  future. 

D.  Amen,  I  pray  God. 

Q.  I  pray,  Mr.  Dean,  how  came  you  by  these  pictures  ?    Who  engraved  them  ? 

D.  1  know  not  who  engraved  them.     I  bought  them. 

Q.  From  whom  bought  you  them  ?     D.  From  a  German. 

Q.  It  is  well  it  was  from  a  stranger.  Had  it  been  any  of  our  subjects,  we 
should  have  questioned  the  matter.  Pray  let  no  more  of  these  mistakes,  or  of 
this  kind,  be  committed  within  the  Churches  of  our  Realm  for  the  future. 

D.  There  shall  not. 

This  matter  occasioned  all  the  Clergy  in  and  about  London,  and  the  Church- 
wardens of  each  parish,  to  search  their  Churches  and  Chapels :  and  caused  them 
to  wash  out  of  the  walls  all  paintings  that  seemed  to  be  Romish  and  idolatrous ; 
and  in  lieu  thereof  suitable  texts  taken  out  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  to  be  written. 

On  the  12th  day  of  January,  the  Queen's  second  Parliament  began  to  sit  at 
Westminster.  She  rode  that  morning  from  her  Palace  in  great  state  unto 
Westminster  Abbey,  accompanied  with  all  her  Lords,  Spiritual  and  Temporal. 
The  Queen  was  clad  in  a  crimson  velvet  robe,  and  the  Earl  of  Northumberland 
[of  Worcester,  writes  D'Ewes]  bearing  the  sword  before  her ;  all  the  Heralds  of 
Arms  in  their  rich  coats,  and  trumpets  blowing.  The  Bishops  were  twenty-two 
in  number  (Landaff  and  Carlisle  wanting)  riding  in  their  robes  of  scarlet  lined, 


THE    QUEEN    MEETS    HER    SECOND    PARLIAMENT,   1561-2.  107 

and  hoods  down  to  their  backs  of  miniver.  She  lighted  at  our  Lady  of  Grace's 
Chappel,  and  with  her  noble  and  stately  retinue  went  in  at  the  North  door  into 
the  Abbey,  where  she  heard  a  Sermon  preached  by  Nowell,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's ; 
and  then  a  psalm  being  sung,  she  and  her  honourable  company  went  out  at  the 
South  door,  and  so  to  the  Parliament-chamber,  and  soon  after  to  the  House. 

On  the  fifteenth  of  January,  Thomas  Williams,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Esq. 
being  chosen  Speaker  to  the  Lower  House,  was  presented  to  the  Queen. 

One  of  the  greatest  matters  of  this  Parliament  was  brought  to  no  desirable 
conclusion  ;  and  that  was  concerning  the  Queen's  marriage ;  for  which  the  House 
of  Commons  had  made  a  very  earnest  petition  to  her  in  the  beginning  of  their 
Session.  But  indeed  she  seemed  not  to  like  of  it,  by  returning  the  Commons 
no  answer  at  present ;  and  by  the  two  short  and  leisurely  answers  she  sent  them 
afterwards,  viz.  first,  by  her  Comptroller  and  Secretary,  February  lo\  That  she 
had  not  forgot  the  suit  of  the  House,  nor  could  forget  it.  But  she  willed  the 
young  heads  to  take  example  by  the  ancients ;  secondly,  by  the  Lord  Keeper  at 
the  breaking  up  of  the  Parliament,  that,  for  the  great  weight  of  the  matter  her 
Majesty  was  minded  to  take  further  advice. 

But  how  the  Queen  indeed  stood  affected  to  wedlock  may  be  partly  understood 
by  Roger  Ascham,  who  read  to  her,  and  was  frequently  with  her :  for,  when 
Sturmius,  the  learned  man  of  Strasburgh,  had  in  his  correspondence  with 
Ascham,  anno  1562,  enquired  into  that  affair  (he  and  other  good  Protestants 
abroad,  as  well  as  her  subjects  at  home,  desiring  to  see  it  effected)  he  answered, 
"  That  in  all  the  course  of  her  life  she  resembled  Hyppolite,  and  not  Phaedra. " 
These  were  the  two  wives  of  Theseus ;  Hyppolite  was  the  Queen  of  the  Ama- 
zons, and  a  warrior  ;  Phaedra,  on  the  other  hand,  was  very  amorous.  Ascham 
told  him,  that  he  had  adventured  to  shew  his  letter  to  the  Queen,  [having  no 
doubt  some  ingenious  expressions  in  it  to  that  purpose]  ;  which  the  Queen  read 
over  thrice,  smiling,  but  very  bashfully  and  modestly,  and  said  nothing.  Then 
he  added,  that  for  her  disposition  towards  wedding,  he  nor  none  else  could  know 
any  thing  certain,  nor  tell  what  to  say.  And  that  it  was  not  without  reason  he 
had  told  him,  that  all  her  life  she  was  more  like  to  Hyppolite  than  Phaedra; 
which,  he  said,  he  meant  in  regard  of  the  chastity  of  her  mind ;  and  that  of 
her  own  nature,  not  by  the  Council  of  any,  she  was  so  strange  and  averse  from 
marriage. 


108 


NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO    THE    GLUEEN,   1561-2. 


Anno  JRegni  JRegince  Elizabeths  Quarto. 

Neweeyeurs  Gyftes  gevon  to  the  Quene  her  Majestie  by  those  Parsons 
whose  Names  hereafter  ensue,  the  first  of  January,  the  Yere  above 
wrytten 1. 


20     o     o 


-    so     o     o 


By  the  Lady  Margaret  Strainge,  a  little  round  mounte  of  golde 
to  conteyne  a  pomaunder  in  it. 
With  the  Qene  her  Majestie. 

Duke,  Margiuisses,  and  Earles.  ^.    s.    d 

By  the  Duke  of  Norfolhe,  in  a  purse  of  purple  silke  and  golde  knit, 
in  sundry  coynes  of  golde  _____ 

By  the  Marquis  of  Winchester,  High  Threasourer  of  Englande,  in  a 
purse  of  crymsen  satten,  in  angells 

By  the  Marquis  of  Northampton,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silke  and 
gold  knit,  in  ditny  soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -20     00 

By  the  Earle  of  Ar wide  11,  Lord  Steward,  in  a  paper,  in  angells,     -     30     0     0 

By  thelZzrle  of  Shrewesbury  e,ma.red  silke  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes     20     0     0 

By  the  Earle  of  Darbye,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  satten,  embraudered 
with  golde,  in  dimy  soveraignes       -  -  -  -  -20     00 

1  From  an  original  Roll  among  the  Harleian  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum. 


NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO    THE    QUEEN,  156l-2.  109 

By  the  Earle  of  Pembroke,  in  a  purse  of  black  silk  and  silver  knit,    ~g.  s.  d. 

in  new  angells         -             -              -             -              -              -              -     3°  0  0 

By  the  Earle  of  Bedforde,  in  a  purse  of  black  silk  and  golde  knytt, 

in  dimy  soveraignes              -              -              -             -              -              -20  0  0 

By  the  Earle  of  Rutlande,  in  a  purse  of  red  silk  and  golde  knytt, 
in  dimy  soveraigns  and  angells         -  -  -  -  -20     0     0 

By  the  Earle  of  Huntingdon,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  angells           -  15  0  0 

By  the  Earle  of  Westmerlande,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  dimy  soveraigns  10  0  0 

By  the  Earle  of  Oxforde,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  dimy  soveraigns  -  10  0  0 
By  the  Earle  of  Northumberlande,  in   a  purse  of  black  silke  and 

silver  knytt,  in  angells         -              -              -              -              -              -  10  0  o 

With  the  Quene  her  Highness. 

By  the  Earle  of  Warwike,  a  smocke  wrought  with  black  silk,  a 
peire  of  slevis,  and  a  partelett  wrought  with  gold,  silver,  and  black 
silke. 

Delivered  to  the  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Viscounte  Mountague,  in  a  purse  of  cloth  of  golde,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -100     0 

With  her  said  Majestic 

Busshopps. 

By  the  Archbusshop  of  Caunterbury1,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  dimy 
soveraigns  .____„. 

By  the  Archbusshop  of  Yor k2,  in  soveraigns        t 

By  the  Busshop  of  Duresme3,  in  a  purse  of  crymson  silk  and  gold 
knytt,  in  angells     -----__ 

By  the  Busshop  of  Ely*,  in  a  red  vellat  purse,  in  angells 

By  the  Busshop  of  Wynchester5,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk  and 
gold  knytt  and  set  with  pearles,  in  angells    - 

By  the  Busshop  of  London  6,  in  a  red  satten  purse,  in  dimy  sove- 
raignes      ---_____ 

By  the  Busshop  of  Salisbury T,  in  a  red  satten  purse,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  -  -  -  - 

By  the  Busshop  of  Worcester  8,  in  a  black  vellat  purse,  in  dimy 

soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -20     00 

1  Matthew  Parker,  1559—1575.  *  Thomas  Young,  1560— -1570. 

'  James  Pilkington,  1560—1577.  .  4  Rich.  Cox,  1559—1581. 

*  Rob.  Home,  1560—1579.  6  Edmund  Grindal,  1559—1570. 

1  John  Jewell,  1559—1571.  8  Edwyn  Sandys,  1559—1570. 


40 

0 

0 

30 

0 

0 

30 

0 

0 

30 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

20 

0 

0 

110  NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS   TO    THE    QUEEN,  156l-2. 

£@.    S.     d. 

By  the  Busshop  of  Lyncoln  1,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes   -     20     0     0 

By  the  Busshop  of  Chychester  8,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes  10     0     0 

By  the  Busshop  of  Norwich^,  in  a  blew  silk  purse  -  -     13     6     8 

By  the  Busshop  of  Hereforde  4,  in  a  green  silk  purse,  in  dimy  sove- 
raignes      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  the  Busshop  of  Lychfield  and  Coventry  5,  in  a  red  satten  purse, 
in  angells  -  -  -  -  -  -  -13     00 

By  the  Busshop  of  Rochester 6,  in  a  red  purse,  in  gold      -  -  13  6  .  8 

By  the  Busshop  of  Saint  Davies7,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  angells  -  10  0  0 

By  the  Busshop  of  Bathe  8,  in  a  purse  of  red  silk,  in  angells  -  10  0  0 

By  the  Busshop  of  Exetour  9,  in  a  blew  silk  purse,  in  angells  -  10  0  0 

By  the  Busshop  of  Peterborowe10,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  sove- 
raignes      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  the  Busshop  of  Chester  n,  in  a  red  purse,  in  angells  and  sove- 
raignes      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

Duchesses  and  Countesses. 

By  the  Duchess  of  Norfolke,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk  and  gold 
knyt,  in  angells      -  -  -  -  -  -  -20     00 

By  the  Duchess  of  Somerset,  in  a  purse  of  silver  and  black  silk,  in 
royalls  and  ducketts  -  -  -  -  -  -14     00 

By  the  Countess  of  Surrey,  in  a  purse  of  tawny  silk  and  gold,  in 
dimy  soveraignes    -  -  -  -  -  -  -500 

By  the  Countess  of  Pembroke,  in  a  cherry  bag  of  crymsen  satten,  in 
new  angells  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1500 

By  the  Countess  of  Bedford,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk  and  silver 
knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  the  Countess  of  Darby,  in  a  purse  of  crymson  sattin  embrodred 
with  gold,  in  dimy  soveraignes         -  -  -  -  -10     00 

By  the  Countess  of  Oxford,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes     -       500 

By  the  Countess  of  Shrewisbury,  Dowager,  in  a  purse  of  black  silk 
knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -1200 

1  Nicholas  Bullingham,  1559—1570.  2  William  Barlow,  1559—1570. 

*  John  Parkhurst,  1560—1575.       *  John  Scory,  1 559—1585.       5  Thomas  Bentham,  1559—1578. 

6  Edmund  Gheast,  1559—1571.  7  Richard  Davies,  1561—1582. 

8  Gilbert  Berkley,  1559—1581.  9  William  Alley,  1560—1570. 

10  Edmund  Scambler,  1560—1584.  ll  William  Downham,  1561—1577-     , 


10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

13 

6 

8 

NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS   TO   THE    Q.UEEN,  1561-2.  Ill 

By  the  Countess  of  Shrewisbury,  in  a  red  silk  purse  knytt,  in  dimy    ^g.    s.    d. 
soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  Dowager,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  __»___. 

By  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  in  a  red  purse,  in  angells 

By  the  Countess  of  Northumberland,  in  a  purse  of  black  silk  and 
silver  knytt,  in  angells 

By  the  Countess  of  Rutland,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes  - 

With  her  said  Majestic 

VlCOUNTESSES. 

By  the  Vicountess  Hereford,  Dowager,  six  hankercheffes  edged 
with  gold. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Vicountess  Mountague,  in  a  purse  of  cloth  of  gold,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

With  her  said  Majestic 

Lordes. 

By  the  Lorde  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seale,  [Nicholas]  Bacon,  in  a 
purse  of  silver  knytt,  in  angells        -  -  -  -  -136*8 

By  the  Lorde  William  Howard,  Lord  Chamberlen,  in  a  purse  of 
crymsen  silk  and  gold  knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes      -  -  10     0     0 

By  the  Lorde  Pagett,  in  a  greene  purse  in  dimy  soveraignes  13     6     8 

By  the  Lorde  Clynton,  Lord  Admyrall,  in  gold     -  -  -10     0-0 

By  the  Lorde  Riche,  in  a  red  satten  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes      -     20     0     0 

By  the  Lorde  North,  in  a  purse  of  purple  silk  and  silver,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -  -20     00 

By  the  Lorde  Lumley,  in  a  paper,  in  angells  -  -  20     0     0 

By  the  Lorde  Hastings  of  Loughboro,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  French 
crowns        -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1300 

By  the  Lorde  Stafford,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -       5     0     0 

By  the  Lorde  Windsor,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk  and  gold  knytt, 
in  dimy  soveraignes  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

With  her  said  Majestic 

By  Lorde  John  Graye,  a  haunce  pott  of  allablaster  garnished  with 
silver  gilt. 

Delivered   in  charge  to  John  Asteley,  Esq.  Master  and  Threa- 
sourer  of  her  Highnes  Jewels  and  Plate. 


&• 

5". 

d„ 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

112  NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO    THE    QUEEN,  156*1-2. 

By  the  Lorde  Barheley,  in  a  red  purse,  in  gold 

By  the  Lorde  Mountejoye,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes 

By  the  Lorde  Abergavennye,  in  a  purse  of  red  silke,  in  dimy  sove- 
raignes      -  -  -  -  --  -  -500 

By  the  Lorde  Scrowpe,  in  a  purse  of  blak.silk  and  silver  knytt,  in 
angells        -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  the  Lorde  Caree  of  Hundesdon,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk,  in 
double  ducketts      -  -  -  -  -  -  -136*8 

By  the  Lorde  Strainge,  in  a  purse  of  red  silk  and  gold,  in  dimy 
soveraignes  ------- 

By  the  Lorde  Darcey  qfChichey,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes,  10 

By  the  Lorde  Shefild,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  gold 

By  the  Lorde  Shandowes,  in  a  blak  silk  purse,  in  angells 

With  her  said  Majestic 


5 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

Ladye 


5. 


By  the  Lady  Howarde,  in  a  purse  of  crymsen  silk  and  knytt,  in 
dimy  soveraignes     -  -  -  -  -  -  -100 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  the  Lady   Clinton,  a  peire  of  sleevis  of  gold,  pulled  out  with 
lawne. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Lady  Pagett,  in  gold       -  -  - 

By  the  Lady  Barheley,  Lord  Barkeley's  wife,  in  gold 

By  the  Lady  Mountejoye,  in  a  red  silk  purse,  in  angells 

By  the  Lady  Abergavenny,  in  a  red  satten  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes 

By  the  Lady  Caree  of  Hundesdon,  in  a  blak  purse  knytt,  in  angells 

By  the  Lady  Taylboyes,  Sir  Peter  Carewe's  wyfe,  in  a  purse  of  blak 
silk  and  silver,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -  -.  -  -  -     10     0 

With  her  said  Majestie. 
By  the  Lady  Cobham,  a  partelett  and  a  peire  of  sleeves  of  sypers 
wrought  with  silver  and  blak  silke. 
Re-delivered  to  herself. 
By  the  Lady  Bakers,  a  warming  ball  of  gold,  per  oz.  3  oz.  dim. 

With  her  said  Majestie. 
By  the   Lady  Shefilde,  a  paire  of  sleeves   wrought  with  fringe  of 
blak  silk  and  lozeng  of  gold. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Ladv  Cobham. 


6 

13 

4 

5 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO    THE    Q.UEEN,    156*1-2.  1 13 

aS.    s.    d. 

By  the  Lady  Scrope,  in  a  purse  of  blak  silk  and  silver,  in  angells  -  ,      7     0     0 

With  her  said  Majestic 
By  the  Lady  Shandowes,  a  peire  of  sleeves  and  a  partlett  of  gold 
and  silver  knytt,  cawle  fashion. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Lady  Knowlles,  a  feynecarpett  of  needleworke,  theverende 
frienged  and  buttoned  with  gold  and  silk. 

Delivered  to  John  Torneworth,  Groom  of  the  Privy  Chamber. 

By  the  Lady  Butler;  in  a  little  white  purse,  in  French  crowns      -       6     0     0 
With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  the  Lady  Raclyef,  a  peire  of  sleeves  of  cameryk,  all  over  sett 
with  purle,  and  two  sweet  bags. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Lady  Mason,  in  a  purse  of  blak  silk  and  gold  knytt,  in  sove- 
raignes      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -       6     0     0 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  the  Lady  York,  three  suger  loves,  and  a  barrel  1  of  suckett. 
Delivered  to  Mrs.  Asteley. 

By  the  Lady  Cycell,  a  partelett  and  a  peire  of  sieves  wrought  with 
roundells  of  gold  t'rienge,  and  drawen  owte  with  syphers. 

By  the  Lady  Lane,  sixe  handkercheves,  four  of  them  blak  silk  and 
gold,  and  two  of  red  silk. 

By  the  Lady  Henningham,  six  handekercheves,  garnished  with'gold, 
silver  and  silk. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 
By  the  Lady  Cheeke,  in  a  russett  silk  purse  -  -  -     4     0     0 

By  the  Lady  Pallat,  in  a  cherry  bag  of  crymsen  satten  in  angells    -        100*. 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  the  Lady  St.  Lowe,  one  peire  of  sieves  of  fine  cameryke  em- 
brordered  with  goldsmith's  work  of  silver  gilt,  and  a  piece  of  purle 
upon  a  paper  to  edge  them. 

By  the  Lady  Wood  ho  use,  a  partelet  a  peire  of  sieves  wroght  with 
gold  and  silk,  tufted  out  with  cameryk. 

By  the  Lady  Carewe,  a  smock  wrought  with  blak  silk,  and  coller 
and  ruffes,  with  gold  and  silk. 

By  the  Lady  Jebson,  one  smock  all  over  wrought  with  blak  silk, 
the  sieves  wrought  with  gold. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  the  Lady  Sackevile,  in  a  purse  of  red  silk  and  gold  knytt,  in 
soveraigns  -  -  -  -  -  -  100*. 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

VOL.  I.  q, 


114  NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO    THE    GlUEEN,    156l-2. 

By  the  Lady  Fitzwilliam,  widowe,  one  petycoate  of  purple  satten    gg.    s.    d. 
cutt  upon  gold  sarceonett,  with  two  borders  embrauderid  with  gold 
and  silver,  and  fringed  with  gold,  silver,  and  silke. 

Delivered  in  charge  to  John  Reyner  and  Rauf  Hope,  Yeomen 
of  the  Robes. 

By  the  Lady  Gresham,  a  boxe  with  foure  swete-baggs  in  it. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

Knightes. 

By  Sir  Edwarde  Rogers,  Comptroller  of  the  Household,  in  a  purse 
of  crymsen  silke  and  silver  knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes,  and  oone  angell  100-s. 

By  Sir  William  Cycell,  Secretary,  a  standishe  garneshed  with  silver 
gilt  and  mother  of  pearle,  with  an  inke-pottof  like  silver  gilt,  and  a 
glass  of  chrystall  in  the  cover,  the  base  plated  with  like  silver  guilt, 
containing  therein  two  boxes  for  duste,  and  24  counters  of  silver 
guilt ;  a  pen-knife,  thafte  of  silver  guilt ;  and  a  seale  of  bone  typped 
with  silver  guilt. 

By  Sir  Frauncis  Knowll,  Vice  Chamberlen,  in  a  purse  of  blewe 
silke  and  gold  knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes     -  -  -  -     10     0     0 

By  Sir  Ambrose  Cave,  Chauncellor  of  the  Duchie  of  Lancaster,  in 
a  purse  of  crymsen  silke  and  gold  knytt,  in  dimy  soveraignes  10     0     0 

By  Sir  Richard  Sackevile,  Under  Threasaurer  of  England,  in  a 
purse  of  red  silk  and  gold,  in  soveraignes     -  -  -  -     10     0     0 

With  her  said  Majestic 

By  Sir  John  Mason,  Threasaurer  of  the  Chamber,  a  small  coller  of 
serpentyne  garneshed  with  silver  gilt. 

Delivered  to  the  said  John  Asteley,  and  two  bookes. 

By  Sir  William  Peter,  in  a  red  purse,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -     10     0     0 

By  Sir  Walter  Myldemaye,  Chauncellor  of  the  Exchequer,  in  a 
purse  of  red  silke  and  golde  knytt,  in  dimy  angells  -  -  100*. 

By  Sir  Edmunde  Peckeham,  High  Threasourer  of  the  Mint,  in  a 
chery  bag,  in  demy  soveraignes        -  -  - 

By  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  in  a  red  silke  purse,  in  angells 

By  Sir  Henry  Jernegham,  in  golde  - 

By  Sir  Edwarde  Warner,  Leutenaunte  of  the  Tower  of  London, 
in  sundry  coynes  of  golde  -  -  -  -  -  -       6  l8     4 

By  Sir  William  Cordall,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  in  a  white  satten 
purse,  in  angells      -  -  -  -  -  -  -10     00 

By  Sir  Richarde  Sowthewell,  in  a  red  satten  purse  in  angells         -     10     0     0 

By  Sir  Moryce  Denny ce,  oone  round  dyall  of  golde  sett  with  stone 
and  pearle. 


9 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    TO   THE    GlUEEN,   156*1-2.  115 

s£.   s.    d. 

By  Sir  Thomas  Josleyn,  in  a  purse  of  blew  silk,  in  dimy  soveraignes       6     0     0 

By  Sir  John  Thyrme,  in  dimy  soveraignes  -  100s. 

By  Sir  William  Damsell,  Receivour  of  the  Court  of  Wards,  in  a 
russet  silk  purse  in  dimy  soveraigns  -  -  -  10     0     0 

By  Sir  Thomas  Benger,  Master  of  the  Revels,  a  ring  with  a  small 
pointed  diamonde. 

With  her  said  Majestic 

By  Sir  Gower  Carew,  Master  of  the  Henchmen,  a  desk  covered 
with  purple  vellat  embrored  with  gold. 
Delivered  to  Mrs.  Blaunch  Apparey. 

By  Sir  Peter  Carew,  in  a  purse  of  blak  silk  and  gold  in  dimy  so- 
veraignes -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  Sir  Roger  North,  in  a  purse  of  red  silk  and  gold  knytt,  in 
French  crownes      -  -  -  -  -  -  -        6     0     0 

By  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  in  a  purse  of  blak  silk  and  silver  knytt 
in  angells  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -10     00 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  Sir  William  Dethyk,  King  at  Armes,  a  book  of  the  armes  of 
the  Knights  of  the  Garter  now-being,  covered  with  tynsell. 

By  Sir  John  Alee,  a  cofer  of  wodde  carved,  paynted  and  gilt,  with 
combes,  glasses,  and  balls. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  Blaunch. 

By  Sir  George  Howarde,  a  book  containing  thoffice  of  the  Armery, 
covered  with  blak  vellat,  and  bound  with  parssarmoryne  of  silver,  with 
two  plates  of  silver. 

Delivered  to  Sir  William  Cicell,  Knight,  Secretary. 

By  Sir  James  Strumpe,  two  grehounds,  a  fallow  and  a  blak  pyed. 
Delivered  to  John  Coxe,  Yeoman  of  the  Leashe. 

Chapleyns. 

By  Archdeacon  Carew1,  Dean  of  the  Chappell,  in  a  purse  of  yal- 
low  silk  and  silver  knytt;  in  French  crowns  and  dimy  soveraignes  10      0     0 

By  Doctor  Wotton"2,  Dean  of  Canterburry,  in  a  red  satten  purse, 
in  dimy  soveraigns  -  -  -  -  -  -10     00 

1  Dr.  George  Carew,  Dean  of  Bristol,  Archdeacon  of  Totness,  and  Precentor  of  Salisbury,  was 
made  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  May  9,  1559;  which  he  resigned;  and  in  1561  was  made 
Dean  of  Windsor.  He  died  in  1585;  and  was  buried  in  the  Church  of  St.  Giles  in  the  Fields, 
without  any  monument. 

•  Nicholas  Wotton,  LL.  D.  Dean  of  Canterbury  1542  ;  died  1566. 


116  new  year's  gifts  to  the  glueen,  1561-2. 

^B»   s.    d. 
By  Peter  Vannes  ],  Deane  of  Salusbury,  in  a  red  purse,  in  French 
crowns       -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -1200 

With  her  said  Majestic 

Gentlewomen. 

By  Mysteris  Astley,  Chief  Gentlewoman  of  the  Pryvy  Chamber, 
twelve  handkercheves  edged  with  gold  and  silver. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Mrs.    Blaunche  Apparey,   one  square  piece  unshorne  vellat 
edged  with  silver  lase. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Torneworth. 

By  Mrs.  Shypwyth,  a  cushion  cloth  wrought   with  blak  silk   and 
frenged  with  gold  and  purpel  silk,  with  a  pinpillow  embrorderd. 

By  Mrs.  Marven,  a  smock  wrought  with  blak  silk,  with  a  high  col- 
ler  edged  with  gold  and  silke. 

By  Mrs.  Harrington,  a  smock  all  over  wrought  with  blak  silk. 

By  Mrs.  Hennage,  a  fair  smock  all  over  wrought  with   blak  silk, 
and  a  standing  coller  and  ruffes  wrought  with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Dorothy  Brodebelt,  a  peire  of  slevis  of  cameryk  netted 
with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Sands,  sixe  handkercheves  wrought  with  red  silk  edged 
with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Marbery,  a  cawle  and  three  forehed-clothes  of  cameryk 
netted  with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Arundell,  sixe  handkercheves  wrought  with  flowers  of  silk 
and  gold,  edged  with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Katheren   Carew,  six  handkercheves  edged  with  gold, 
silver,  and  silk. 

By  Mrs.  Borptest,  twoo  cowls,  the  one  of  gold,  the  other  of  sil- 
ver, knytt. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Mrs.  Penne,  a  perre  of  silk  knytt  hoose. 
Delivered  to  Mrs.  Marberys. 

By  Mrs.  Dane,  a  pece  of  cameryk  in  a  box. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  B launch. 

By  Mrs.  Barley,  alias  Penne,  six  handkerchefs  edged  with  gold. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Mrs.  Snowe,  widow,  in  angells  -  -  -  -  100*. 

1  He  resigned  his  Deanery  in  May  1563 ;  and  died  soon  after. 


NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS   TO    THE    GIUEEN,   1 561-2.  117 

By  Mrs.  Levina  Terling,  the  Queen's  personne  and  other  person-    gg.    s.    d. 
ages,  in  a  box  fynely  painted. 
With  her  said  Majestic 

By  Mrs.  Amey  Shelton,  six  handkercheves  edged  with  silver  and 
buttoned. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Shelton,  a  standish  covered  with  crymsen  sat- 
ten,  all  over  embrodered  with  Venise  gold  and  silk. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  Blaunch. 

By  Mrs.  Randell,  alias  Smallpage,  six  handkercheves  edged  with  gold. 

By  Mrs.  Huggens,  oone  pillowbeere,  and  six  fair  handkercheves 
wrought  with  silk  and  gold. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

Gentlemen. 

By  Mayster  John  Asteley,  Master  and  Treausurer  of  the  Queen's 
Jewels  and  Plate,  oone  fair  guilt  boll,  or  spice  plate,  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  3 1  oz. 

Given  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  eodem  die. 

By  Mr.  Thomas  Hennage,  oone  hour-glass  garnished  with  gold, 
per  oz.  with  glass  sand,  and  all  in  a  case  of  blak  vellat,  embrodered 
with  silver,  5  oz. 

With  her  said  Majestic 

By  Mr.  Harrington,  a  peire  of  sieves  and  a  partelett,  embrodered 
with  gold  and  silver  sett  with  pearles. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Mr.  Bathe,  in  soveraignes      -  -  -  -  -1000 

By  Mr.  Thomas  Standley,  in  a  red  purse  in  dimy  soveraignes        -       6     0     0 

With  her  said  Majestie. 

By  Mr.  John  Yonge,  a  table  paynted  in  a  frame  of  wallnuttree, 
and  certeyne  verses  about  it  of  money  :  and  a  round  piece  of  silver. 
The  table  delivered  in  charge  to  George  Bredeman,  Keeper  of 
the   Pallace  at  Westminster;    the   peice  of  silver  with  the 
Queen. 

By  Mr.  Doctor  Maister,  twoo  potts,  the  one  of  nutmegs,  the  other 
of  gynger  condit. 

By  Mr.  Doctor  Hewycke,  two  potts,  the  one  of  green  ginger,  the 
other  of  orange  flowers. 

Delivered  to  the  Groom  of  the  Privy  Chamber. 


118  new  year's  gifts  to  the  auEEN,  1561-2. 

By  Mr.  William  Huggyns,  a  greate  swete  bag  of  tapphata,  with  a    gg.    s.    d. 
zypher,  and  a  border  of  rosses  and  sphers  embrodered  with  Venice 
gold  and  pearles. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  Blaunch. 

By  Benedick  Spinulla,  oone  hoole  peice  of  purple  vellat. 
Delivered  to  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Robert  Robatham,  two  pair  of  silk  hose  knytt. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  Marbery. 

By  Revell,  Surveiour  of  the  Workes,  a  marchpane,  with  the  modell 
of  Powle's  churches  and  steeples  in  past. 

By  George  Mantle,  a  neckercheve  and  a  peire  of  sieves  all  over 
wrought  with  black  silk. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Smith,  Customer,  a  peice  of  fine  cameryk. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Mrs.  Blaunch. 

By  Armygell  Wade,  three  fine  glasses  in  a  wycker  basket. 
Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  Blomefield,  Leuetenaunte  of  the  Ordenance,  a  feire  darte  of 
brassell  garneshed  and  tasselled  with  silver  and  black  silk,  the  hedde 
damaskyne. 

Given  to  the  Lord  Robert,  Master  of  the  Horse. 

By  John  Hemyngway,  Poticary,  a  pott  of  oring  condytt ;  a  box  of 
pyne  cumfetts  musked  ;  a  box  of  Manus  Christi  and  lozenges. 

By  Lawrence  Shref,  Grocer,  a  suger  loaf;  a  box  of  ginger;  a  box 
of  nutmegs  ;  and  a  pound  of  cynomon. 

Delivered  to  the  foresaid  Gromes. 

By  Adams,  Schollmaster  to  the  Henchmen,  a  patorn  of  a  peir  of 
sieves. 

By  Francis,  Chamberlain  of  Woodstock,  a  box  full  of  Guernesey 
hoose  and  sieves  knytt. 

Delivered  to  the  said  Lady  Cobham. 

By  William  St.  Barbe,  a  ferre  crosbow  with  a  gaffle. 
Delivered  to  the  Lord  Chamberlen. 

By  Mark  Anthony  Eryzo,  a  combe  case,  all  overembroreded  and  sett 
with  pearles,  and  furneshed  with  combs,  glasses,  and  other  necessaryes. 
Delivered  to  John  Baptest,  Groome  of  the  Pryvy  Chamber. 

By  Anthony  Anthony,  a  corbonett  fall  of  tylls. 

By  Trayford,  Chief  Clerk  of  the  Spicery,  pomegranetts,  aples, 
boxes  of  comfitts,  &c. 


NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS   TO   THE    ftUEEN,  1561-2. 


119 


By  Richarde  Hickes,  Yeomen  of  the  Chamber,  a  very  faire  mar-    ^g.    s.  d. 
chepane  made  like  a  tower,  with  men  and  sundry  artillery  in  it. 
Delivered  to  the  aforenamed  G.  Briedman. 

By  Richarde  Mathews,  Cutler,  a  peir  of  knives  with   a   shethe, 
covered  with  purple  vellat. 

With  the  Queen  her  Majestic 

By  George  Webster,  Master  Cook,  a  marchepanne,  being  a  chess 
boarde. 

By  John  Betts,  Servaunte  of  the  Pastrye,  one  pye  of  quinces. 

Summa  -  -  -  38.1,262  11     8 


Ex.  per  Ed.  Pidgon. 


120 


NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY    THE    CtUEEN,  1^6l-2. 


Anno  JRegni  Regince  Elizabeth  Quarto. 

Newe-years  Gyftes  gevonhy  the  Queen  her  Ma  jestie  to  those  Parsons 
whose  names  hereafter  ensue,  the  Jirst  of  Januarye,  the  Yere  above- 
written. 


To  the  Lady  Margaret  Strainge,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
16  oz.  f  dim. 

DUKE,    MARQ.UESSES,    AND    EARLES. 

To  the  Duke  of  Norfolke,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  42  oz.  dim. 

To  the  Marques  of  Winchester,  High  Treasurer  of  England,  oone  guilt  cup 
with  a  cover,  per  oz.  33  oz.  % 

To  the  Marques  of  Northampton,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  38  oz.  ^ 

To  the  Earle  of  Arundell,  Lord  Steward,  three  guilt  bolls  with  covers,  weing 
1/  oz.  dim.  quart.;  the  pece  in  toto  51  oz.  qrt  dim. 

To  the  Earle  of  Shrewsbury,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  2g  oz.  %  dim. 

To  the  Earle  of  Darby,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  31  oz.  £  dim. 

To  the  Earle  of  Pembroke,  oone  guilte  bolle,  or  spice  plate,  with  a  cover,  given 
to  the  Queen  her  Majestie  by  Mr.  John  Asteley,  Master  and  Treausurrer  of  her 
Jewels  and  Plate,  per  oz.  31  oz.;  and  one  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  lS  oz.  ^; 
in  toto  49  oz.  i 

To  the  Earl  of  Bedford,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  32  oz.  ^. 

To  the  Earl  of  Warryk,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  42  oz.  ^. 


NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY   THE    GLUEEN,  156*1-2.  121 

To  the  Earle  of  Rutland  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  32  oz. 
To  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  34  oz.  f . 
To  the  Earle  of  Westmorlande,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  20  J  dim.  oz*. 
To  the  Earle  of  Oxforde,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  21  f  dim.  oz. 
To  the  Earle  of  Northumberland,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  20  £  oz. 

Vicounte. 
To  the  Vicounte  Mountague,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  \  dim.  oz. 

Busshopps. 

To  the  Archbusshopp  of  Canterbury,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  of  the 
Queene  her  Majestie  store,  of  the  charge  of  the  said  John  Asteley,  per  oz.  40  oz. 

To  the  Archbusshop  of  Yorke,  oone  guilt  cup  goblet  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  37  ■§  oz. 

To  the  Busshopp  of  Ely,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  36  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Duresme,  a  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  of  the  said  store,  in 
charge,  per  oz.  33  £  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Wynchester,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  of  the  said  store, 
in  charge,  per  oz.  27  \  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  London,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  28  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Saulsbury,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  32  I  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Worcester,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  27  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Lyncoln,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  27  5  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Chycester,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   18  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Norwich,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  20  £  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Hereford,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   18  |  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Lichefilde  and  Coventry,  oone  hand  pott  guilt,  per  oz.  20  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Rochester,  oone  guilt  salte  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  21  %  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  St.  David's,  oone  guilt  bolle  without  a  cover,  per  oz.  18  ^ 
dim.  \  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Bath,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.  20  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Exetour,  one  haunch  pot,  per  oz.  18  -§  dim.  £  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Peterborowe,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   18  \  dim.  \  oz. 

To  the  Busshop  of  Chester,  one  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   17^  oz. 

Duchesses  and  Countesses. 
To  the  Duchess  of  Norfolk,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  32  J  oz. 
To  the  Duchess  of  Somerset,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  31  dim.  £  oz. 
To  the  Countess  of  Surrey,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   12  \  dim  £  oz. 
vol.  1.  R 


122  NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY    THE    ftUEEN,  156l-2. 

To  the  Countess  of  Pembroke,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  27  ^  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Bedford,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  21  ^  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Derby,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  \  dim.  -  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Oxford,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  12  \  dim.  \  oz. 

To  the  Countesse  of  Shrewesbury,  Dowager,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  22  \  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Shrewesbury,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  19  | 
dim.  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  Dowager,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
1 8  I  dim  ^  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  37  oz. 

To  the  Countess  of  Northumberland,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
20  dim.  \  oz.  <* 

To  the  Countess  of  Rutland,  one  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  29  £  oz. 

VlCOUNTESSES. 

To  the  Vicountess  Hereford,  Dowager,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
12  £  oz. 
To  the  Vicountess  Mountague,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  18  §  oz. 

Lordes. 

To  the  Lorde  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal,  [Bacon],  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  37  f  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  William  Howarde,  Lorde  Chamberlain,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a 
cover,  per  oz.  27  %  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Caree  of  Hundesdon,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  36  \  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Pagett,  one  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  30  §  dim.  £  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Clinton,  Lorde  Admirall,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover  per  oz.  25  \  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Ryche,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  33  \  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  North,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  30  f  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Lumley,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  30  f  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Hastings  of  Loughboro,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
25  I  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Staffbrde,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  |  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Windesour,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  21  §  dim.  \  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  John  Grey,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  26  f  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Berkeley,  oone  guilt  haunch  pott,  per  oz.  20  £  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Mountjoy,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  oz. 


NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED   BY   THE    GIUEEN,  156*1-2.  123 

To  the  Lorde  Abbergervaney,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  12  J  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Scroope,  oone  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Strange,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   12  £  oz. 

To  the  Lorde  Darcy  of  Cheche,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.  20  oz. 

To  the  Lord  Shefield,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.  20  dim.  £  oz. 

To  the  Lord  Shandowes,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   19  3  oz. 

Ladyes. 
To  the  Lady  Howard,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  21  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Caree  of  Hundesdon,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Clynton,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  53  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Cobham,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  39  ^  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Pagett,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  of  the  store  and  charge,  per 
oz.   15  f  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Berkeley,  the  Lord  Berkeley's  wyfe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  12  dim.  ^  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Mountjoy,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   19  ^  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Abergaveney,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   12  \  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Dakers,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz    15  ^  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Tayleboyes,  Sir  Peter  Carewe's  wyfe,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  2.5  \  dim.  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Sheffield,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   13  %  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Scroope,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   1 8  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Shandowes,  oone  guilt  haunch  pott,  per  oz.  14.5  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Knowlls,  three  gilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  65  \  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Carewe,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  35  ^  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Cicell,  part  of  a  pair  of  gilt  flaggons,  per  oz.  40  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Butler,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   16  \  dim.  \  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Ratllf  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  \  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Mason,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15  \  dim.  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Yorke,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   12  §  dim.  di.  %  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Lane,  oone  guilt  stoope  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  9  £  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Hennyingham,  one  guilt  stoope  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   3  2  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Cheeke,  oone  tankerd  gilt,  per  oz.   14  oz. 

To  the  Lady  Pallett,  oone  guilt  stoope  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   13  oz. 

To  the  Lady  St.  Lowe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  26*  |  oz. 


124  new  year's  gifts  presented  by  the  etUEEN,  1561-2. 

To  the  Lady  Woodhouse,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  27  £  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Jobson,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  22  dim.  ^  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Sackeville,  oone  guilt  stoope  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  11^  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Fytzwilliams,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  19  |  oz. 
To  the  Lady  Gresham,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  11  dim.  ^  oz. 

Knightes. 

To  Sir  Edward  Rogers,  Comptroller  of  the  Householde,  oone  guilt  bolle  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  19  ■§•  dim.  di.  ^  oz. 

To  Sir  William  Cycell,  Seccretary,  part  of  a  pair  of  guilt  flagones,  per  oz.  44  oz. 

To  Sir  Francis  Knowlls,  Vice  Chamberlen,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 

23  f  oz. 

To  Sir  Ambrose  Cave,  Chancellor  of  the  Dutchey  of  Lancaster,  oone  guilt  cup 
with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  f  oz. 

To  Sir  Richard  Sackeville,  Under  Treasurrer  of  England,  oone  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  23  %  dim.  oz. 

To  Sir  John  Mason,  Threasurrer  of  Chamber,  oone  Venetian  cup  of  the  said 
store  and  chardge,  per  oz.  20  |  oz. 

To  Sir  William  Peter,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  19  £  dim.  oz. ; 
and  two  guilt  spoones,  per  oz.  3  f  dim.  oz.  in  toto  2$  ?  oz. 

To  Sir  Walter  Mildemaye,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  oone  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover  of  the  said  store  and  chardge,  per  oz.   14  5  oz. 

To  Sir  Edmonde  Peckeham,  High  Threasurer  of  the  Mint,  oone  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.   17  §  dim.  5  oz. 

To  Sir  Christopher  Heydon,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  26  |  oz. 

To  Sir  Henery  Jerningham,  oone  gilt  tankerd,  per  oz.  21  oz. 

To  Sir  Edward  Warner,  Leuetenaente  of  the  Tower  of  London,  oone  haunch 
pott  guilt,  per  oz.   19  \  oz. 

To  Sir  William  Cordall,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  oone  guilt  tankered,  per  oz.  21  oz. 

To  Sir  Richard  Sowthwell,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt  per  oz.  20  £  dim.  oz. 

To  Sir  Thomas  Jostelen,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   14  oz. 

To  Sir  John  Thynne,  oone  guilt  Stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   13  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Sir  William  Damsell,  Receiver  of  the  Court  of  Wards,  oone  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  22  ^  oz. 

To  Sir  Thomas  Benger,  Master  of  the  Revels,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz. 
19  £  oz. 

To  Sir  Gower  Carrew,  Master  of  the  Henchmen,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  3  5  oz. 


NEW   YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY   THE    GIUEEN,  1561-2.  155 

To  Sir  Peter  Carewe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  23  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Sir  Roger  North,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  15  oz. 

To  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  24  oz. 

To  Sir  William  Dethyk,  King  at  Armes,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
15  oz. 

To  Sir  John  Alee,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   10  f  oz. 

To  Sir  Morryce  Denny ce,  three  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  78  £  oz. 

To  Sir  James  Stumpe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  of  the  said  store  and 
chardge,  per  oz.   10  |  dim.  \  oz. 

To  Sir  George  Howarde,  oone  guilt  tankard,  per  oz.  21  \  per  oz. 

Chapleyns. 

To  Archdeacon  Carrew,  Dean  of  the  Chappel,  oone  guilt  tankerd,  per  oz. 
19  i  oz. ;  and  two  guilt  spoons,  per  oz.  4  oz.  in  toto  23  \  oz. 

To  Doctor  Wotton,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  oone  guilt  tankerd,  per  oz.  22  %  oz. 
To  Peter  Vannes,  Dean  of  Salisbury,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
22  dim.  £  oz. 

Gentlewomen. 

To  Mistress  Asteley,  Cheife  Gentlewoman  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  two  guilt 
bolls  without  a  cover,  per  oz.  32  §  oz.;  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz. ;  6  ± 
oz. ;  oone  guilt  spoon,  per  oz.  1  \  dim.  \  oz. ;  oone  guilt  peper  box,  per  oz.  5  dim. 
\  oz. ;  in  toto  45  2  oz- 

To  Mrs.  Blaunch  Apparry,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  1(5  dim.  £  oz. 

To  Mrs  Skepwith,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15  |  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Marven,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  15  \  dim.  \  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Harrington,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15^  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Hennage,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  17  f  dim. :  twoo 
guilt  spones,  per  oz.  4  ^  oz. ;  in  toto  22  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Dorothey  Broadbelt,  oone  haunch  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   13  £  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Sands,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  12  £  oz.  dim.  oz. ;  and 
oone  guilt  spone,  per  oz.  1  oz. ;  in  toto  13  f  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Marbery,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   13  £  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Arundell,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15  £  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Katheren  Carree,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  1 1  dim.  5  oz.; 
and  twoo  guilt  spones,  per  oz.  4  dim.  ^  oz. ;  in  toto  15  £  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Baptest,  oone  guilt  boile  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   16*  dim.  ±  oz. 


126  NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY    THE    GtUEEN,  l$6l-2. 

To  Mrs.  Penne,  eight  guilt  spones,  per  oz.  16*  ±  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Dane,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  18  %  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Barley,  alias  Penne,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  10  4 
dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Snowe,  Widowe,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   1$  i  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Randall,  alias  Smallpage,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  6 
dim.  |  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Haggents,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  20  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Levina  Terling,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  5  \  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Amey  She/ton,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  14  §  dim.  j-  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Shelton,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  ^  oz. 

Maydens  of  Honour. 

To  Mrs.  Mary  Howarde,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   11  ^  dim.  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Mary  Mauxwell,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  1 1  dim.  ^  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Katheryn  Kneveett,  oone  bowle,  per  oz.   11  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Anny  Wyndesour,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   1 1  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Mary  Ratclyef,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  10  ^  oz. 

To  Mrs.  Francies  Mewtheus,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  10  %  dim.  oz. 

ToMrs.^3//aw,&y,MotheroftheMaydens,ooneguiltcupwithacover,peroz.  ll^oz. 

Gentlemen. 

To  Maister  John  Astley,  Master  and  Treasurer  of  the  Queen's  Jewels  and  Plate, 
oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  54  oz. 

To  Mr.  Thomas  Hennage,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  40  ^  oz. 

To  Mr.  Harrington,  three  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  50,  ^  oz. 

To  Mr.  Bashe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  24  oz. 

To  Mr.  Thomas  Stanley,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15  ^  oz. 

To  Mr.  John  Yonge,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  30  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Mr.  Doctor  Master,  oone  guilt  haunce  pott,  per  oz.   \6  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Mr.  Doctor  Hewyk,  oone  guilt  haunce  pott,  per  oz.   16  %  dim.  oz. 

To  Mr.  William  Huggyns,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  29  dim.  oz. 

To Blomfield,  Levetennante  of  the  Ordnance,  oone  guilt  cruse  with 

a  cover,  per  oz    J)|  dim.  oz. 

To  Benediche  Spynulla,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  24  £  dim.  oz. 

To  Robert  Robotham,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  oz. 


NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY   THE    QUEEN,  1561-2.  12J 

To  Revell,  Surveiour  of  the  Works,  oone  haunce  pott  guilt,  per  oz.   11^  oz. 
To  George  Mantle,  rewarded  in  money  payed  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber, 
,§£.10. 

To  Smyth,  Customer,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   15  ^  oz. 

To  Armygell  Wade,  oone  guilt  casting  bottle,  per  oz.  7  -|  dim.  \  oz. 

To  John  Hemyngwaye,  oone  guilt  bolle  without  a  cover,  per  oz.  10^  dim.  \  oz. 

To  Lawrence  Shrejf,  Grocer,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  7  oz- 

To  Adams,  Scholemaster  to  the  Henchemen,  rewarded  and  payed  ut  supra,  40s. 

To  Frauncies  Chamberlen,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  ^  dim.  oz. 

To  William  St.  Barbe,  oone  haunce  pott  guilt,  per  oz.    13      -_  d.  oz. 

To  MarTte  Anthony  Eryzo,  oone  guilt  stowpe  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  13  ^ 
dim.  I  oz. 

To  Anthony  Anthony,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover,  per  oz.   13  |  oz. 

To  Henery  Trayford,  oone  guilt  salte  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  9  dim.  £  oz. 

To  Richard  Hickes,  Yeoman  of  the  Chamber,  rewarded  and  payed  ut  supra, 
66s.  Sd. 

To  Modena,  rewarded  and  payed  ut  supra,  40-s. 

To  Richard  Mathews,  Cutler,  rewarded  and  payed  ut  supra,  13*.  4d. 

To  George  Webster,  Master  Cook,  oone  guilt  tankerd,  per  oz.  8  oz. 

To  John  Betts,  Servent  of  the  Pastry e,  twoo  guilt  spoones,  per  oz.  4  oz. 

To  Mr.  John  Tamworth,  Groome  of  the  Privye  Chamber,  oone  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  35  ^  oz. 

To  Mr.  Thomas  Astley,  Groome  ut  supra,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover, 
per  oz,  8  oz. 

To  Mr.  Henry  Sackeforde,  Groome  ut  supra,  one  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  8  oz. 

To  Mr.  John  Bapteste,  Groome  ut  supra,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover,  per 
oz.  8  oz. 

To  Mr.   George  Carree,  Groome  ut  supra,  oone  guilt  cruse  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  8  oz. 

To  John  Roynon,  Yeoman  of  the  Robes,  oone  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
12  \  oz. 

To  Nicholas  Bristow,  Clerke  of  the  Jewells  and  Plate,  oone  guilt  cruse  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.   10  ^  dim.  oz. 

To  Edmunde  Pigeon,  Yeoman  of  the  said  Jewells  and  Plate,  oone  guilt  cruse 
with  a  cover,  per  oz.   10  ^  dim.  oz. 


128  GIFTS    PRESENTED    BY   THE    GIUEEN,  156*1-2. 

To  John  Pigeon,  Yeoman  of  the  said  Jewells  and  Plate,  oone  guilt  cruse  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  10  \  dim.  oz. 

To  Stephen  Fulwell,  Groome  of  the  said  Jewells,  ut  supra,  oone  guilt  cruse  with 
a  cover,  per  oz.  10  i  dim.  oz. 


GUIFTES    DELIVERED    AT    SUNDRY    TYMES    IN  MANNER    AND    FOURME    FOLLOWYNG. 

Gevon  by  the  Queen  her  Majestie,  the  third  of  Apriell,  anno  tercio,  to  Mounsieur 
Saulte,  French  Ambassador,  oone  bason  and  ewer  guilt,  per  oz.  97  §  oz.  Item, 
oone  pair  of  guilt  potts,  per  oz.  163  oz.  Item,  three  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  63  ^  oz. ;  and  one  guilt  salt  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  22  §  oz.  Bought  of  the 
Goldsmyth.     In  toto  ;  346  §  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  21st  of  April,  anno  predicto,  at  the  chrysten- 
ynge  of  Sir  William  Cycell,  Knight,  Principell  Secretery  to  her  Highness,  his 
child,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  28  f  oz.  Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth  ; 
28  oz.  f  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  5th  of  May,  anno  predicto,  to  Mounsieur 
Dennys,  Ambassador  from  the  King  of  Swetherland,  oone  bason  and  ewer  guilt, 
per  oz.  6*0  §  oz.  Item,  oone  peir  of  guilt  potts,  per  oz.  82  oz. ;  and  oonne  guilt 
cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  49  I  oz.    Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth.     In  toto,  1Q1  ^  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  27th  of  May,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrystining 
of  the  Vitzcount  Mountague  his  daughter,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
27  oz.     Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth  ;  27  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  18th  of  June,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrystnyng 

of Copley  his  childe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  20  |  oz.    Bought 

of  the  Goldsmyth  ;  20  f  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  19th  of  June,  anno  predicto,  to  the  Lorde 
O'Raely  of  Ireland,  oone  coller  of  esses  of  golde,  per  oz.  16  oz.  Bought  of  the 
Goldsmyth  ;   16  oz.  golde. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie  to  the  said  Lorde  oone  crownett  of  silver  guilt, 
per  oz. ;  bought  of  the  said  Goldsmyth  ;  8  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  19th  of  June,  anno  predicto,  to  the  Lord 
ODonerle  of  Ireland,  oone  collor  of  esses  of  golde,  per  oz.  16  oz.  Bought  of  the 
Goldsmyth;   16*  oz. 


PRESENTS    OF    PLATE    MADE    BY   THE    GIUEEN,  1561-2.  129 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  to  the  said  Lorde,  oone  crownett  of  silver  guilt, 
per  oz.  8  \  dim  |  oz.     Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth;  8  \  dim.  ^  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  26th  of  June,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrysten- 
yng  of  the  Lord  Barcley  his  childe,  oone  guilt  bolle  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  27  ^  oz. 
Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth  ;  27  £  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  13th  of  July,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrysten- 
yng  of  lpolitan  the  Tartarian,  oone  chaine  of  gold,  per  oz.  4  ^  oz.  and  two  peny 
weights;  and  also  oone  tablett  of  gold,  per  oz.  1  \  dim.  oz.  Bought  of  the  Gold- 
smith.   In  toto,  6  %  dim.  oz.  2  dwts.  gold. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  15th  of  July,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrysten- 
yng  of  Sir  William  Dethyk,  alias  Garter  King  at  Armes,  his  childe,  oone  guilt 
cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  19  4  dim.  oz.   Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth  ;  19  |  dim.  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  30th  of  July,  anno  predicto,  to  the  chrysten- 
yng  of  the  Lorde  Mountjoy  his  childe,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  28 
dim.  ^  oz.     Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth  ;  28  dim.  \  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  26th  of  September,  anno  predicto,  to  the 
christenyng  of  the  Lorde  Shefilde  his  child,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz. 
28  dim.  i  oz.     Bought  of  the  Goldsmith  ;  28  dim.  \  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  24th  of  November,  anno  quarto  predicto,  to 
the  chrystenyng  of  Mr.  Thomas  Sackville  his  child,  one  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  20  \  dim.  oz.     Bought  of  the  Goldsmith  ;  20  \  dim.  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  21st  of  January,  anno  quarto  predicto,  to  Mouns- 
sieur  Morett,  Ambassador  to  the  Duke  of  Savoye,  oone  bason  and  ewer  guilt,  per 
oz.  72  §  oz.  Item,  oone  peir  of  guilt  potts,  per  oz.  72  ^  oz. ;  and  three  guilt  bolls 
with  a  cover,  per  oz.  54  oz.    Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth.    In  toto,  199  i  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  1st  of  Febreary,  anno  predicto,  to  Mounsieur 
De  Seure,  Liger  Ambassador  from  the  French  King,  oone  bason  and  ewer  guilt, 
per  oz.  121  ~  oz.  Item,  oone  peire  of  flagons  guilt,  per  oz.  150  \  oz.  Item, 
oone  peire  of  guilt  potts,  per  oz.  90  f  oz.  Item,  oone  peire  lesser  guilt  potts, 
per  oz.  56  \  oz.  Item,  three  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  66  oz.  Item,  three 
other  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  59  \  oz.  Item,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover, 
per  oz.  32  dim.  \  ;  and  two  guilt  salts  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  36  ^  dim.  oz.  Bought 
of  the  Goldsmyth.     In  toto  613,  \  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  last  of  March,  anno  predicto,  to  Master 
Nicholas  Guildensterne,  Ambassador  Legier  from  the  King  of  Swethland,  at  his 

VOL.  I.  S 


130 


PRESENTS    OF    PLATE    MADE    BY   THE    QUEEN,  156*1-2- 


departing,  oone  bason  and  ewer  guilt,  per  oz.  15 1  £  oz.  Item,  oone  paire  of  potts 
guilt,  per  oz.  208  £  oz.  Item,  oone  paire  of  guilt  flagons,  per  oz.  180  §  oz.  Item, 
oone  paire  of  lesser  flagons  guilt,  per  oz.  Q2  \  oz.  Item,  three  guilt  bolls  with  a 
cover,  per  oz.  6$  oz.  Item,  three  more  guilt  bolls  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  64  %  oz. 
Item,  oone  guilt  cup  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  53  oz.  Item,  oone  other  guilt  cup  with 
a  cover,  per  oz  52  £  oz.  Item,  twoo  guilt  salts  with  a  cover,  per  oz.  47  f  dim. 
Bought  of  the  Goldsmyth.    In  toto,  Q.13  |  dim.  oz. 

Item,  given  by  her  Majestie,  the  first  of  May,  anno  predicto,  to  Countie  Russey, 
Ambassador  from  the  French  King,  oone  cheine  of  golde.  Bought  of  the  Gold- 
smyth ;  per  oz.  33  \  dim.  of  oz.  of  golde. 


Ex.  per  Ed.  Pidgeon. 


[    131     ] 


Grand  Christmas  at  the  Temple,  1561-2  K 

In  the  fourth  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign,  there  was  kept2  a  magnificent 
Christmas  here  j  at  which  the  Lord  Robert  Dudley  (afterwards  Earl  of  Leicester) 
was  the  chief  person  (his  title  Palaphilos),  being  Constable  and  Marshall ;  whose 
officers  were,  as  followeth : 

Mr.  Onslow,  Lord  Chancellour. 

Anthony  Stapleton,  Lord  Treasurer. 

Robert  Kelway,  Lord  Privy  Seal. 

John  Fuller,  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench. 

William  Pole,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas. 

Roger  Manwood,  Chief  Baron  of  the  Exchequer. 

Mr.  Bashe,  Steward  of  the  Household. 

Mr.  Copley,  Marshall  of  the  Household. 

Mr.  Paten,  Chief  Butler. 

Christopher  Hatton,  Master  of  the  Game.  (He  was  afterwards  Lord  Chan- 
cellour of  England.) 

Mr.  Blaston,     ~) 

Mr.  Yorke,         I ■',,  '     ,     _      „ 

,_     ~  >  Masters  of  the  Revells. 

Mr.  Penston, 

Mr.  Jervise, 

Mr.  Parker,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower. 

Mr.  Kendall,  Carver. 

Mr.  Martyn,  Ranger  of  the  Forests. 

Mr.  Stradling,  Sewer. 
And  there  were  fourscore  of  the  Guard;  besides  divers  others  not  here  named. 
Touching  the  particulars  of  this  Grand  Feast,  Gerard  Leigh,  in  his  "  Acci- 
dence3 of  Armory,"  p.  119,  &c.  having  spoken  of  the  Pegasus  borne  for  the 
armes  of  this  Society,  thus  goes  on:  "After  I  had  travailed  through  the  East  parts 
of  the  unknown  world,  to  understand  of  deedes  of  armes,  and  so  arriving  in  the 
fair  river  of  Thames,  I  landed  within  half  a  league  from  the  City  of  London, 

1  From  Dugdale's  "  Origines  Juridiciales,"  pp.  150—157. 

*  Vide  Reg.  hujus  Domfts,  f.  138.  a.  s  Impr#  Lond>  1576. 


13 2  ENTERTAINMENTS    AT   THE    TEMPLE,  lf>6l-2. 

which  was  (as  I  conjecture)  in  December  last;  and  drawing  neer  the  City,  sud- 
denly heard  the  shot  of  double  canons,  in  so  a  great  a  number,  and  so  terrible, 
that  it  darkened  the  whole  ayr;  wherewith,  although  I  was  in  my  native  country, 
yet  stood  I  amazed,  not  knowing  what  it  meant.  Thus,  as  I  abode  in  despair, 
either  to  return  or  continue  my  former  purpose,  I  chanced  to  see  coming  to- 
wards me  an  honest  citizen,  clothed  in  a  long  garment,  keeping  the  highway, 
seeming  to  walk  for  his  recreation,  which  prognosticated  rather  peace  than  perill ; 
of  whom  I  demanded  the  cause  of  this  great  shot ;  who  friendly  answered,  s  It 
is,'  quoth  he,  f  a  warning  shot  to  the  Constable  Marshall  of  the  Inner  Temple,  to 
prepare  to  dinner.' 

"  '  Why,'  said  I,  '  what,  is  he  of  that  estate,  that  seeketh  no  other  means  to 
warn  his  officers  than  with  so  terrible  shot  in  so  peaceable  a  country  ?'  e  Marry,' 
saith  he,  c  he  uttereth  himself  the  better  to  be  that  Officer  whose  name  he  beareth.' 

"  I  then  demanded,  '  what  province  did  he  govern,  that  needed  such  an  offi- 
cer ?'  He  answered  me,  '  The  province  was  not  great  in  quantity,  but  antient  in 
true  nobility.  A  place,'  said  he,  '  privileged  by  the  most  excellent  Princess  the 
High  Governor  of  the  whole  Island,  wherein  are  store  of  Gentlemen  of  the  whole 
Realm,  that  repair  thither  to  learn  to  rule  and  obey  by  Law,  to  yield  their  fleece 
to  their  Prince  and  Commonweal ;  as  also  to  use  all  other  exercises  of  body  and 
mind  whereunto  nature  most  aptly  serveth  to  adorn,  by  speaking,  countenance, 
gesture,  and  use  of  apparel,  the  person  of  a  Gentleman;  whereby  amity  is 
obtained,  and  continued,  that  Gentlemen  of  all  countries,  in  their  young  years, 
nourished  together  in  one  place,  with  such  comely  order,  and  daily  conference, 
are  knit  by  continual  acquaintance  in  such  unity  of  mindes  and  manners  as 
lightly  never  after  is  severed,  than  which  is  nothing  more  profitable  to  the 
Commonweale.' 

"  And  after  he  had  told  me  thus  much  of  honour  of  the  place,  I  commended 
in  mine  own  conceit  the  policy  of  the  Governour,  which  seemed  to  utter  in  itself 
the  foundation  of  a  good  Commonweal ;  for  that,  the  best  of  their  people  from 
tender  years  trained  up  in  precepts  of  justice,  it  could  not  choose  but  yield  forth  a 
profitable  People  to  a  wise  Commonweal ;  wherefore  I  determined  with  myself  to 
make  proof  of  what  I  heard  by  report. 

"  The  next  day  1  thought  for  my  pastime  to  walk  to  this  Temple,  and  entring 
in  at  the  gates,  I  found  the  building  nothing  costly ;  but  many  comely  Gentlemen 
of  face  and  person,  and  thereto  very  courteous,  saw  I  to  pass  to  and  fro,  so  as  it 


ENTERTAINMENTS    AT   THE    TEMPLE,    1561-2.  133 

seemed  a  Prince's  port  to  be  at  hand  :  and  passing  forward,  entred  into  a  Church 
of  antient  building,  wherein  were  many  monuments  of  noble  personages  armed 
in  knightly  habit,  with  their  cotes  depainted  in  ancient  shields,  whereat  I  took 
pleasure  to  behold.  Thus  gazing  as  one  bereft  with  the  rare  sight,  there  came 
unto  me  an  Hereaught,  by  name  Palaphilos,  a  King  of  Armes,  who  curteously 
saluted  me,  saying,  c  For  that  I  was  a  stranger,  and  seeming  by  my  demeanour  a 
lover  of  honour,  I  was  his  guest  of  right:'  whose  curtesy  (as  reason  was)  I  obeyed; 
answering,  'I  was  at  his  commandment.' 

"  i  Then,'  said  he,  '  Ye  shall  go  to  mine  own  lodging  here  within  the  Palace, 
where  we  will  have  such  cheer  as  the  time  and  country  will  yield  us  :'  where,  I 
assure  you,  I  was  so  entertained,  as  no  where  I  met  with  better  cheer  or  com- 
pany, &c. 

"  —  Thus  talking,  we  entred  the  Prince  his  Hall,  where  anon  we  heard  the  noise 
of  drum  and  fyfe.  <  What  meaneth  this  drum  ?'  said  I,  Quoth  he,  '  This  is 
to  warn  Gentlemen  of  the  Houshold  to  repair  to  the  dresser ;  wherefore  come  on 
with  me,  and  ye  shall  stand  where  ye  may  best  see  the  Hall  served  :  and  so  from 
thence  brought  me  into  a  long  gallery,  that  stretched  itself  along  the  Hall  neer 
the  Prince's  table,  where  I  saw  the  Prince  set :  a  man  of  tall  personage,  a  manly 
countenance,  somewhat  brown  of  visage,  strongly  featured,  and  thereto  comely 
proportioned  in  all  lineaments  of  body.  At  the  nether  end  of  the  same  table 
were  placed  the  Embassadors  of  sundry  Princes.  Before  him  stood  the  carver, 
sewer,  and  cup-bearer,  with  great  number  of  gentlemen-wayters  attending  his 
person ;  the  ushers  making  place  to  strangers  of  sundry  regions  that  came  to  be- 
hold the  honour  of  this  mighty  Captain.  After  the  placing  of  these  honourable 
guests,  the  Lord  Steward,  Treasurer,  and  Keeper  of  Pallas  Seal,  with  divers  ho- 
nourable personages  of  that  Nobility,  were  placed  at  a  side-table  neer  adjoining 
the  Prince  on  the  right  hand :  and  at  another  table,  on  the  left  side,  were  placed 
the  Treasurer  of  the  Houshold,  Secretary,  the  Prince  his  Serjeant  at  the  Law, 
four  Masters  of  the  Revels,  the  King  of  Arms,  the  Dean  of  the  Chappel,  and 
divers  Gentlemen  Pensioners  to  furnish  the  same. 

'  At  another  table,  on  the  other  side,  were  set  the  Master  of  the  Game,  and  his 
Chief  Ranger,  Masters  of  Houshold,  Clerks  of  the  Green  Cloth  and  Check,  with 
divers  other  strangers  to  furnish  the  same. 

"  On  the  other  side  against  them,  began  the  table,  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower, 
accompanied  with  divers  Captains  of  foot-bands  and  shot.     At  the  nether  end  of 


134  ENTERTAINMENTS    AT   THE   TEMPLE,  156l-2. 

the  Hall  began  the  table,  the  High  Butler,  the  Panter,  Clerks  of  the  Kitchin, 
Master  Cook  of  the  Privy  Kitchin,  furnished  throughout  with  the  souldiers  and 
guard  of  the  Prince:  all  which,  with  number  of  inferior  officers  placed  and  served 
in  the  Hall,  besides  the  great  resort  of  strangers,  I  spare  to  write. 

"  The  Prince  so  served  with  tender  meats,  sweet  fruits,  and  dainty  delicates  con- 
fectioned with  curious  cookery,  as  it  seemed  wonder  a  world  to  observe  the  pro- 
vision :  and  at  every  course  the  trumpetters  blew  the  couragious  blast  of  deadly 
war,  with  noise  of  drum  and  fyfe,  with  the  sweet  harmony  of  violins,  sackbutts, 
recorders,  and  cornetts,  with  other  instruments  of  musick,  as  it  seemed  Apollo's 
harp  had  tuned  their  stroke. 

"  Thus  the  Hall  was  served  after  the  most  ancient  order  of  the  Island  ;  in  com- 
mendation whereof  I  say,  I  have  also  seen  the  service  of  great  Princes,  in  solemn 
seasons  and  times  of  triumph,  yet  the  order  hereof  was  not  inferior  to  any. 

"  But  to  proceed,  this  Herehaught  Palaphilos,  even  before  the  second  course 
came  in,  standing  at  the  high  table,  said  in  this  manner :  '  The  mighty  Palaphi- 
los, Prince  of  Sophie,  High  Constable  Marshall  of  the  Knights  Templars,  Patron 
of  the  Honourable  Order  of  Pegasus :'  and  therewith  cryeth, '  A  Largess.'  The 
Prince,  praysing  the  Herehaught,  bountifully  rewarded  him  with  a  chain  to  the 
value  of  an  hundred  talents. 

"  I  assure  you,  I  languish  for  want  of  cunning,  ripely  to  utter  that  I  saw  so  or- 
derly handled  appertaining  to  service;  wherefore  I  cease,  and  return  to  my  purpose. 

"  The  supper  ended,  and  tables  taken  up,  the  High  Constable  rose,  and  a  while 
stood  under  the  place  of  honour,  where  his  atchievement  was  beautifully  embroi- 
dered, and  devised  of  sundry  matters,  with  the  Ambassadors  of  foreign  nations, 
as  he  thought  good,  till  Palaphilos,  King  of  Armes,  came  in,  his  Herehaught 
Marshal,  and  Pursuivant  before  him  ;  and  after  followed  his  messenger  and  Cali- 
gate  Knight ;  who  putting  off  his  coronal,  made  his  humble  obeysance  to  the 
Prince,  by  whom  he  was  commanded  to  draw  neer,  and  understand  his  pleasure ; 
saying  to  him,  in  few  words,  to  this  effect :  '  Palaphilos,  seeing  it  hath  pleased  the 
high  Pallas,  to  think  me  to  demerit  the  office  of  this  place;  and  thereto  this  night 
past  vouchsafed  to  descend  from  heavens  to  increase  my  further  honour,  by  creat- 
ing me  Knight  of  her  Order  of  Pegasus;  as  also  commanded  me  to  join  in  the 
same  Society  such  valiant  Gentlemen  throughout  her  province,  whose  living  ho- 
nour hath  best  deserved  the  same,  the  choice  whereof  most  aptly  belongeth  to 
your  skill,  being  the  watchman  of  their  doings,  and  register  of  their  deserts ;   I 


ENTERTAINMENTS    AT   THE    TEMPLE,  156l-2.  135 

will  ye  choose  as  well  throughout  our  whole  armyes,  as  elsewhere,  of  such  spe- 
cial gentlemen,  as  the  gods  hath  appointed,  the  number  of  twenty-four,  and  the 
names  of  them  present  us:  commanding  also  those  chosen  persons  to  appear  in 
our  presence  in  knightly  habit,  that  with  conveniency  we  may  proceed  in  our 
purpose.'  This  done,  Palaphilos  obeying  his  Prince's  commandement,  with 
twenty-four  valiant  Knights,  all  apparelled  in  long  white  vestures,  with  each 
man  a  scarf  of  Pallas  colours,  and  them  presented,  with  their  names,  to  the 
Prince  ;  who  allowed  well  his  choise,  and  commanded  him  to  do  his  office.  Who, 
after  his  duty  to  the  Prince,  bowed  towards  these  worthy  personages,  standing 
every  man  in  his  antienty,  as  he  had  born  armes  in  the  field,  and  began  to  shew 
his  Prince's  pleasure ;  with  the  honour  of  the  Order." 


Other  Particulars  touching  these  Grand  Christmasses,  extracted  out  of  the 
^  Accompts  of  the  House. 

"  First,  it  hath  been  the  duty  of  the  Steward,  to  provide  five  fat  brawns,  vessels, 
wood,  and  other  necessaries  belonging  to  the  kitchin  :  as  also  all  manner  of  spices, 
flesh,  fowl,  and  other  cates  for  the  kitchin. 

"  The  office  of  the  Chief  Butler,  to  provide  a  rich  cupboard  of  plate,  silver  and 
parcel  gilt:  seaven  dozen  of  silver  and  gilt  spoons:  twelve  fair  salt-cellers,  like- 
wise silver  and  gilt:  twenty  candlesticks  of  the  like. 

"  Twelve  fine  large  table-clothes,  of  damask  and  diaper.  Twenty  dozen  of 
napkins  suitable,  at  the  least.  Three  dozen  of  fair  large  towels  ;  whereof  the 
Gentlemen  Sewers,  and  Butlers  of  the  House,  to  have  every  of  them  one  at  meal- 
times, during  their  attendance.  Likewise  to  provide  carving-knives:  twenty 
dozen  of  white  cups  and  green  potts :  a  carving  table  ;  torches ;  bread,  beer,  and 
ale.  And  the  chief  of  the  Butlers  was  to  give  attendance  on  the  highest  table 
in  the  Hall,  with  wine,  ale,  and  beer:  and  all  the  other  Butlers  to  attend  at  the 
other  tables  in  like  sort. 

"  The  cupbord  of  plate  is  to  remain  in  the  Hall  on  Christmas-day,  St.  Stephen's- 
day,  and  New  Year's-day,  from  breakfast-time  ended,  untill  after  supper.  Upon 
the  banquetting  night  it  was  removed  into  the  buttry ;  which  in  all  respects  was 
very  laudably  performed. 

"The  office  of  the  Constable  Marshall  to  provide  for  his  employment,  a  fair  gilt 
compleat  harneys,  with  a  nest  of  fethers  in  the  helm  :  a  fair  pole-axe  to  bear  in 
his  hand,  to  be  chevalrously  ordered  on  Christmas-day  and  other  days,  as  after- 


1$6  ENTERTAINMENTS   AT   THE   TEMPLE,  l$6l-2. 

wards  is  shewed ;  touching  the  ordering  and  settling  of  all  which  ceremonies, 
during  the  said  Grand  Christmas,  a  solempn  consultation  was  held  at  their  Parlia- 
ment in  this  house  ;  in  form  following : 

"  First,  at  the  Parliament  kept  in  their  Parliament  Chamber  in  this  House,  on 
the  even  at  night  of  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  officers  are  to  attend,  according  as 
they  had  been  long  before  that  time,  at  a  former  Parliament  named  and  elected  to 
undergo  several  offices  for  this  time  of  solempnity,  honour,  and  pleasance ;  of 
which  officers,  these  are  the  most  eminent ;  namely,  the  Steward,  Marshall,  Con- 
stable Marshall,  Butler,  and  Master  of  the  Game.  These  officers  are  made 
known  and  elected  in  Trinity  Term  next  before  ;  and  to  have  knowledg  thereof 
by  letters,  in  the  country,  to  the  end  they  may  prepare  themselves  against  All- 
Hallow-tide  ;  that  if  such  nominated  officers  happen  to  fail,  others  may  then  be 
chosen  in  their  rooms.  The  other  officers  are  appointed  at  other  times  neerer 
Christmas-day. 

"  If  the  Steward,  or  any  of  the  said  officers  named  in  Trinity  Term,  refuse  or 
fail,  he  or  they  were  fined  every  one,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Bench  ;  and  the 
officers  aforenamed  agreed  upon.  And  at  such  a  Parliament,  if  it  be  fully  re- 
solved to  proceed  with  such  a  Grand  Christmas,  then  the  two  youngest  Butlers 
must  light  two  torches,  and  go  before  the  Bench  to  the  upper  end  of  the  Hall : 
who  being  set  down,  the  antientest  Bencher  delivereth  a  speech,  briefly,  to  the 
whole  Society  of  Gentlemen  then  present,  touching  their  consent,  as  afore :  which 
ended,  the  eldest  Butler  is  to  publish  all  the  officers  names,  appointed  in  Parlia- 
me  t ;  and  then  in  token  of  joy  and  good-liking,  the  Bench  and  company  pass 
beneath  the  harth,  and  sing  a  carol,  and  so  to  boyer. 

"  Christmas  Eve.  The  Marshal  at  dinner  is  to  place  at  the  highest  table's 
end,  and  next  to  the  library,  all  on  one  side  thereof,  the  most  antient  persons  in 
the  company  present:  the  Dean  of  the  Chappel  next  to  him  ;  then  an  Antient 
or  Bencher,  beneath  him.  At  the  other  end  of  the  table,  the  Sewer,  Cup-bearer, 
and  Carver.  At  the  upper  end  of  the  bench-table,  the  King's  Serjeant  and  Chief 
Butler;  and  when  the  Steward  hath  served  in,  and  set  on  the  table  the  first  mess, 
then  he  is  also  to  sit  down. 

"  Also  at  the  upper  end  of  the  other  table,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Hall,  are  to 
be  placed  the  three  Masters  of  the  Revels ;  and  at  the  lower  end  of  the  bench  - 
table  are  to  sit,  the  King's  Attorney,  the  Ranger  of  the  Forest,  and  the  Master 
of  the  Game.     And  at  the  lower  end  of  the  table,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Hall, 


ENTERTAINMENTS    AT  THE   TEMPLE,  156*1-2.  137 

the  fourth  Master  of  the  Revels^  the  Common  Serjeant,  and  Constable-Marshal. 
And  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Utter  Barrister's  table,  the  Marshal  sittetb,  when  he 
hath  served  in  the  first  mess  ;  the  Clark  of  the  Kitchen  also,  and  the  Clark  of  the 
Sowce-tub,  when  they  have  done  their  offices  in  the  kitchen,  sit  down.  And  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  Clark's  table,  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and  the  at- 
tendant to  the  Buttery,  are  placed. 

"  At  these  two  tables  last  rehersed,  the  persons  they  may  sit  upon  both  sides  of 
the  table ;  but  of  the  other  three  tables,  all  are  to  sit  upon  one  side.  And  then 
the  Butlers  or  Christmas  Servants,  are  first  to  cover  the  tables  with  fair  linnen 
table-cloths  ;  and  furnish  them  with  salt-cellers,  napkins,  and  trenchers,  and  a 
silver  spoon.  And  then  the  Butlers  of  the  House  must  place  at  the  salt-celler,  at 
every  the  said  first  three  highest  tables,  a  stock  of  trenchers  and  bread ;  and  at 
the  other  tables,  bread  onely  without  trenchers. 

"  At  the  first  course  the  minstrels  must  sound  their  instruments,  and  go  before  ; 
and  the  Steward  and  Marshall  are  next  to  follow  together ;  and  after  them  the 
Gentlemen  Sewer ;  and  then  cometh  the  meat.  Those  three  officers  are  to  make 
altogether  three  solempn  curtesies,  at  three  several  times,  between  the  skreen  and 
the  upper  table ;  beginning  with  the  first  at  the  end  of  the  Bencher's  table ;  the 
second  at  the  midst ;  and  the  third  at  the  other  end  ;  and  then  standing  by  the 
Sewer  performeth  his  office. 

"  When  the  first  table  is  set  and  served,  the  Steward's  table  is  next  to  be  served. 
After  him  the  Master's  table  of  the  Revells:  then  that  of  the  Master  of  the 
Game.  The  High  Constable-Marshall ;  then  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower  :  then 
the  Utter  Barrister's  table  ;  and  lastly  the  Clerk's  table  ;  all  which  time  the  musick 
mnst  stand  right  above  the  harth  side,  with  the  noise  of  their  musick;  their  faces 
direct  towards  the  highest  table :  and  that  done,  to  return  into  the  buttry,  with 
their  musick  sounding. 

"  At  the  second  course  every  table  is  to  be  served,  as  at  the  first  course,  in  every 
respect ;  which  performed,  the  Servitors  and  Musicians  are  to  resort  to  the  place 
assigned  for  them  to  dine  at ;  which  is  the  Valects  or  Yeoman's  table,  beneath 
the  skreen.  Dinner  ended,  the  Musicians  prepare  to  sing  a  song,  at  the  highest 
table:  which  ceremony  accomplished,  then  the  officers  are  to  address  themselves 
every  one  in  his  office,  to  avoid  the  tables  in  fair  and  decent  manner,  they  begin- 
ning at  the  Clerk's  table ;  thence  proceed  to  the  next ;  and  thence  to  all  the 
others  till  the  highest  table  be  solempnly  avoided. 

VOL.  I.  T 


13§  ENTERTAINMENTS    AT    THE    TEMPLE,    1 56 1-2. 

"  Then,  after  a  little  repose,  the  persons  at  the  highest  table  arise,  and  prepare 
to  revells :  in  which  time,  the  Butlers,  and  other  Servitors  with  them,  are  to  dine 
in  the  Library. 

"  At  both  the  doors  in  the  hall  are  porters,  to  view  the  comers  in  and  out  at 
meal  times :  to  each  of  them  is  allowed  a  cast  of  bread,  and  a  candle,  nightly 
after  supper. 

"  At  night,  before  supper,  are  revels  and  dancing,  and  so  also  after  supper, 
during  the  twelve  daies  of  Christmas.  The  antientest  Master  of  the  Revels  is, 
after  dinner  and  supper,  to  sing  a  caroll  or  song  ;  and  command  other  gentlemen 
then  there  present  to  sing  with  him  and  the  company  ;  and  so  it  is  very  decently 
performed. 

"  A  Repast  at  dinner  is  8d. 

"  Christmas  Day.  Service  in  the  Church  ended,  the  Gentlemen  presently 
repair  into  the  Hall  to  breakfast,  with  brawn,  mustard,  and  malmsley. 

"  At  dinner  the  Butler,  appointed  for  the  Grand  Christmas,  is  to  see  the  tables 
covered  and  furnished  :  and  the  Ordinary  Butlers  of  the  House  are  decently  to  set 
bread,  napkins,  and  trenchers,  in  good  form,  at  every  table  ;  with  spoones  and 
knives. 

"  At  the  first  course  is  served  in  a  fair  and  large  bore's-head,  upon  a  silver  platter, 
with  minstralsye.  Two  Gentlemen  in  gownes  are  to  attend  at  supper,  and  to  bear 
two  fair  torches  of  wax,  next  before  the  Musicians  and  Trumpetters,  and  stand 
above  the  fire  with  the  musick,  till  the  first  course  be  served  in  through  the  Hall. 
Which  performed,  they,  with  the  musick,  are  to  return  into  the  buttery.  The 
like  course  is  to  be  observed  in  all  things,  during  the  time  of  Christmas.  The 
like  at  supper. 

"  At  service-time  this  evening,  the  two  youngest  Butlers  are  to  bear  two  torches 
in  the  Genealogia. 

"  A  repast  at  dinner  is  12d.  which  strangers  of  worth  are  admitted  to  take  in 
the  Hall ;  and  such  are  to  be  placed  at  the  discretion  of  the  Marshall. 

"  St.  Stephen's  Day.  The  Butler,  appointed  for  Christmas,  is  to  see  the  tables 
covered,  and  furnished  with  salt-sellers,  napkins,  bread,  trenchers,  and  spoons. 
Young  Gentlemen  of  the  House  are  to  attend  and  serve  till  the  latter  dinner,  and 
then  dine  themselves. 

"  This  day  the  Sewer,  Carver,  and  Cup-bearer,  are  to  serve  as  afore.  After  the 
first  course  served  in,  the  Constable-Marshall  cometh  into  the  Hall,  arrayed  with  a 


ENTERTAINMENTS    AT   THE    TEMPLE,   156l-2.  139 

fair,  rich,  compleat  harneys,  white  and  bright,  and  gilt,  with  a  nest  of  fethers  of 
all  colours  upon  his  crest  or  helm,  and  a  gilt  pole-axe  in  his  hand  :  to  whom  is 
associate  the  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  armed  with  a  fair  white  armour,  a  nest  of 
fethers  in  his  helm,  and  a  like  pole-axe  in  his  hand  ;  and  with  them  sixteen  Trum- 
petters ;  four  drums  and  fifes  going  in  rank  before  them  :  and  with  them  attendeth 
four  men  in  white  harneys,  from  the  middle  upwards,  and  halberds  in  their  hands, 
bearing  on  their  shoulders  the  Tower  :  which  persons,  with  the  drums,  trumpets, 
and  musick,  go  three  times  about  the  fire.  Then  the  Constable-Marshall,  after 
two  or  three  curtesies  made,  kneeleth  down  before  the  Lord  Chancellor;  behind 
him  the  Lieutenant ;  and  they  kneeling,  the  Constable-Marshall  pronounceth  an 
oration  of  a  quarter  of  an  hour's  length,  thereby  declaring  the  purpose  of  his 
coming  :  and  that  his  purpose  is  to  be  admitted  into  his  Lordship's  service. 

"  The  Lord  Chancellor  saith,  '  He  will  take  farther  advice  therein.' 

"Then  the  Constable-Marshal,  standing-up,  in  submissive  manner  delivereth  his 
naked  sword  to  the  Steward  ;  who  giveth  it  to  the  Lord  Chancellor :  and  there- 
upon the  Lord  Chancellor  willeth  the  Marshall  to  place  the  Constable-Marshall  in 
his  seat :  and  so  he  doth,  with  the  Lieutenant  also  in  his  seat  or  place.  During 
this  ceremony,  the  Tower  is  placed  beneath  the  fire. 

"  Then  cometh  in  the  Master  of  the  Game,  apparelled  in  green  velvet :  and  the 
Ranger  of  the  Forest  also,  in  a  green  suit  of  satten  ;  bearing  in  his  hand  a  green 
bow  and  divers  arrows,  with  either  of  them  a  hunting-horn  about  their  necks : 
blowing  together  three  blasts  of  venery,  they  pace  round  about  the  fire  three 
times.  Then  the  Master  of  the  Game  maketh  three  curtesies,  as  aforesaid  ;  and 
kneeleth  down  before  the  Lord  Chancellour,  declaring  the  cause  of  his  coming ; 
and  desireth  to  be  admitted  into  his  service,  &c.  All  this  time  the  Ranger  of  the 
Forest  standeth  directly  behind  him.  Then  the  Master  of  the  Game  standeth  up. 

"  This  ceremony  also  performed,  a  Huntsman  cometh  into  the  Hall,  with  a  fox 
and  a  purse-net ;  with  a  cat,  both  bound  at  the  end  of  a  staff;  and  with  them 
nine  or  ten  couple  of  hounds,  with  the  blowing  of  hunting-homes.  And  the 
fox  and  cat  are  by  the  hounds  set  upon,  and  killed  beneath  the  fire.  This  sport 
finished,  the  Marshall  placeth  them  in  their  several  appointed  places. 

"  Then  proceedeth  the  second  course :  which  done,  and  served  out,  the  Com- 
mon Serjeant  delivereth  a  plausible  speech  to  the  Lord  Chancellour,  and  his  com- 
pany, at   the  highest  table,  how  necessary  a  thing  it  is  to  have  officers  at  this 


140  ENTERTAINMENTS    AT    THE    TEMPLE,   156l-2. 

present ;  the  Constable-Marshall,  and  Master  of  the  Game,  for  the  better  honor 
and  reputation  of  the  Commonwealth  ;  and  wisheth  them  to  be  received,  &c. 

i(  Then  the  King's  Serjeant  at  Law  declareth  and  inferreth  the  necessity ;  which 
heard,  the  Lord  Chancellour  desireth  respite  of  farther  advice.  Then  the 
antientest  of  the  Masters  of  the  Revels  singeth  a  song,  with  assistance  of  others 
there  present. 

"  At  supper  the  Hall  is  to  be  served  in  all  solempnity,  as  upon  Christmas  day, 
both  the  first  and  second  course  to  the  highest  table.  Supper  ended,  the  Con- 
stable-Marshall presented  himself  with  drums  afore  him,  mounted  upon  a  scaffold, 
born  by  four  men ;  and  goeth  three  times  round  about  the  harthe,  crying  out, 
aloud,  \  A  Lord,  a  lord,'  &c.  Then  he  descendeth,  and  goeth  to  dance,  &c.  And 
after  he  calleth  his  Court,  every  one  by  name,  one  by  one,  in  this  manner : 

"  Sir  Francis  Flatterer,  of  Fowleshurst,  in  the  county  of  Buckingham. 

"  Sir  Randle  Rakabite,  of  Rascall-hall,  in  the  county  of  Rake-hell. 

"  Sir  Morgan  Mumchance,  of  Much  Monkery,  in  the  county  of  Mad  Mopery. 

"  Sir  Bartholmew  Baldbreech,  of  Buttocks-bury,  in  the  county  of  Brekeneck. 

"  This  done,  the  Lord  of  Misrule  addresseth  himself  to  the  Banquet ;  which 
ended  with  some  minstralsye,  mirth,  and  dancing,  every  man  departeth  to  rest. 

"  At  every  mess  is  a  pot  of  wine  allowed. 

"  Every  repast  is  6d. 

"  St.  John's  Day.  About  seaven  of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  the  Lord  of  Misrule 
is  abroad,  and  if  he  lack  any  officer  or  attendant,  he  repaireth  to  their  chambers, 
and  cornpelleth  them  to  attend  in  person  upon  him  after  service  in  the  Church, 
to  breakfast,  with  brawn,  mustard,  and  malmsey.  After  breakfast  ended,  his 
Lordship's  power  is  in  suspense,  until  his  personal  presence  at  night ;  and  then 
his  power  is  most  potent. 

"  At  dinner  and  supper  is  observed  the  diet  and  service  performed  on  St.  Ste- 
phen's day.  After  the  second  course  served  in,  the  King's  Serjeant,  orator-like, 
declareth  the  disorder  of  the  Constable-Marshal,  and  of  the  Common  Serjeant : 
which  complaint  is  answered  by  the  Common  Serjeant ;  who  defendeth  himself 
and  the  Constable-Marshal  with  words  of  great  efficacy.  Hereto  the  King's 
Serjeant  replyeth.  They  rejoyn,  &c.  and  who  so  is  found  faulty  committed  to 
the  Tower,  &c. 


ENTERTAINMENTS  AT  THE  TEMPLE,  1 56* 1-2.  141 

"  If  any  officer  be  absent  at  dinner  or  supper  times  ;  if  it  be  complained  of,  he 
that  sitteth  in  his  place  is  adjudged  to  have  like  punishment  as  the  officer  should 
have  had  being  present :  and  then  withall  he  is  enjoyned  to  supply  the  office  of 
the  true  absent  officer,  in  all  pointe.  If  any  offendor  escape  from  the  Lieutenant 
into  the  buttery,  and  bring  into  the  Hall  a  manchet  upon  the  point  of  a  knife,  he 
is  pardoned :  for  the  buttry,  in  that  case  is  a  sanctuary.  After  cheese  served  to 
the  table,  not  any  is  commanded  to  sing. 

"  Childermas  Day.  In  the  morning,  as  afore  on  Monday,  the  Hall  is  served  ; 
saving  that  the  Sewer,  Carver,  and  Cup-bearer,  do  not  attend  any  service.  Also 
like  ceremony  at  supper. 

"  Wednesday.  In  the  morning,  no  breakfast  at  all ;  but  like  service  as  afore 
is  mentioned ;  both  at  dinner  and  supper. 

"  Thursday.  At  breakfast,  brawn,  mustard,  and  malmsey.  At  dinner,  roast 
beef,  venison-pasties,  with  like  solempnities  as  afore.  And  at  supper,  mutton  and 
hens  roasted. 

"  New  Year's  Day.  In  the  morning,  breakfast  as  formerly.  At  dinner,  like 
solempnity  as  on  Christmas-eve. 

"  The  Banquetting  Night.  It  is  proper  to  the  Butler's  office,  to  give  warning 
to  every  House  of  Court,  of  this  banquet ;  to  the  end  that  they,  and  the  Innes 
of  Chancery,  be  invited  thereto,  to  see  a  play  and  mask.  The  Hall  is  to  be  fur- 
nished with  scaffolds  to  sit  on,  for  Ladies  to  behold  the  sports,  on  each  side. 
Which  ended,  the  Ladyes  are  to  be  brought  into  the  Library,  unto  the  Banquet 
there  ;  and  a  table  is  to  be  covered  and  furnished  with  all  banquetting  dishes,  for 
the  Lord  Chancellor,  in  the  Hall ;  where  he  is  to  call  to  him  the  Ancients  of 
other  Houses,  as  many  as  may  be  on  the  one  side  of  the  table.  The  Banquet 
is  to  be  served  in  by  the  Gentlemen  of  the  House. 

"  The  Marshall  and  Steward  are  to  come  before  the  Lord  Chancellour's  mess. 
The  Butlers  for  Christmas  must  serve  wine  ;  and  the  Butlers  of  the  House  beer 
and  ale,  &c.  When  the  Banquet  is  ended,  then  cometh  into  the  Hall  the  Con- 
stable-Marshal, fairly  mounted  on  his  mule  ;  and  deviseth  some  sport  for  passing 
away  the  rest  of  the  night. 

"  Twelf  Day.  At  breakfast,  brawn,  mustard,  and  malmsey,  after  morning 
prayer  ended.     And  at  dinner,  the  hall  is  to  be  served  as  upon  St.  John's-day." 


142 

The  Queen  at  Greenwich,  1562. 

In  June  156*2,  the  Queen  and  Court  being  then  at  Greenwich,  the  following 
letter  was  addressed  to  Henry  Hastings,  third  Earl  of  Huntingdon  : 

"  Elizabeth  R.  Right  trusty  and  right  wel-beloved  Cowsen,  we  greet  you 
well.  Forasmuch  as  a  meeting  and  enterview  between  us  and  our  good  Sister  and 
Cosyn  the  Quene  of  Scotts  hath  bene  of  long  time  motioned,  to  be  had  some 
time  this  sumer;  which,  as  we  are  accorded,  shall  take  effect  about  Bartholomew- 
tyde  next,  either  at  our  Citty  of  Yorke,  or  some  other  convenient  place  on  this 
side  neere  unto  Trent.  We,  meaning  to  have  you  there,  to  attend  upon  us,  as  is 
meet  for  the  degree  and  place  which  you  hold,  do  will  and  require  you  to  put 
yourself  (our  Cowsen),  your  wife,  and  your  trains  in  order  to  attend  on  you  both, 
being  so  many  in  number,  as  at  the  least  26*  of  them  may  remain  to  attend  upon 
you  both  about  our  Court,  and  be  ready  to  meet  us  on  the  way,  near  unto  Trent, 
at  such  place  and  day  of  the  month  of  August  next  as  shall  be  signified  to  you 
by  our  Chamberlain,  or  some  others  of  the  Counsell,  at  the  furthest  before  the 
midst  of  July  ;  forseing  that  the  array  of  yourselfe,  your  wife,  and  your  traines, 
may  be  according  to  the  best  of  your  states  and  degrees,  and  meetest  for  the 
honour  and  presence  of  such  an  enterview.  Yeven  under  our  signet,  at  our 
mannor  of  Grenewiche,  the  lGth  of  June,  in  the  fourth  yere  of  our  Reigne." 


The  Queen  at  Windsor  Castle  and  Eton,  1563. 

In  the  Royal  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  (12  A.  xxx.)  is  a  Tract,  intituled, 
"  De  adventu  gratissimo  ac  maxime  exoptato  Elizabeths,  nobilissimae  ac  illus- 
trissimae  Reginae  Anglise,  Franciae,  et  Hiberniae,  Fidei  Defensatricis,  ad  has 
Arces  Vindesorenses,  suas  ^Etonensium  Scholarum l  maxime  triumphans 
Ovatio2,  1563." — The  title  is  encompassed  with  ornaments;  the  arms  of  the 
Queen  the  top,  and  of  the  School  at  the  bottom. 

1  Under  the  arms  of  the  School : 

Cum  larium  Henricus  Sextus  fundamina  nostrum  Quinetiam  tibi  do  praeclara  insignia,  famae 
Jecerat,  hiis  similes,  edidit  ore  sonos  :  Quseque  meae  fuerint  &  monumenta  tuae." 

"  O  iEtona,  vige,  nullos  peritura  per  annos,  Haec  fatus,  fulvum  nobis  dedit  ille  Leonem 
Doctrina  fautrix  sis  &  arnica  bonae.  Pro  signis  unum,  et  lilia  pulchra  tria. 

Fiat  ut  hoc  fundos  tibi  trado,  &  praedia  multa,  Dii  faxint  ut  nos  semper,  nostrique  nepotes 
Sustentare  quibus  teque  tuosque  queas.  Haec  eadem  temet  signa  volente  gerant. 

2  This  learned  "  Oration"  is  followed  by  lxxii  Latin  Epigrams  by  the  "  Grex  Etonensius." 


143 


Hentzner's  Description  of  Windsor  Castee. 

Windsor,  a  Royal  Castle,  supposed  to  have  been  begun  by  King  Arthur,  its 
buildings  much  increased  by  Edward  III.  The  situation  is  entirely  worthy  of 
being  a  Royal  residence,  a  more  beautiful  being  scarce  to  be  found  :  for,  from  the 
brow  of  a  gentle  rising,  it  enjoys  the  prospect  of  an  even  and  green  country  ;  its 
front  commands  a  valley  extending  every  way,  and  chequered  with  arable  lands  and 
pasturage,  cloathed  up  and  down  with  groves,  and  watered  by  that  gentlest  of 
rivers,  the  Thames ;  behind  rise  several  hills,  but  neither  steep  nor  very  high, 
crowned  with  woods,  and  seeming  designed  by  nature  herself  for  the  purpose  of 
hunting.  The  Kings  of  England,  invited  by  the  deliciousness  of  the  place,  very 
often  retire  hither  ;  and  here  was  born  the  Conqueror  of  France,  the  glorious  King 
Edward  III.  who  built  the  Castle  new  from  the  ground,  and  thoroughly  fortified  it 
with  trenches  and  towers  of  square  stone  ;  and  having  soon  after  subdued  in  battle 
John  King  of  France,  and  David  King  of  Scotland,  he  detained  them  both  prisoners 
here  at  the  same  time.  This  Castle,  besides  being  a  Royal  Palace,  and  having  some 
magnificent  tombs  of  the  Kings  of  England,  is  famous  for  the  ceremonies  belong- 
ing to  the  Knights  of  the  Garter;  this  Order  was  instituted  by  Edward  III.  the 
same  who  triumphed  so  illustriously  over  King  John  of  France.  The  Knights  of 
the  Garter  are  strictly  chosen  for  their  military  virtues,  and  antiquity  of  family  : 
they  are  bound  by  solemn  oath  and  vow  to  mutual  and  perpetual  friendship 
among  themselves,  and  to  the  not  avoiding  of  any  danger  whatever,  or  even  death 
itself,  to  support  by  their  joint  endeavours  the  honour  of  the  society.  They  are 
styled  Companions  of  the  Garter,  from  their  wearing  below  the  left  knee  a  purple 
garter,  inscribed  in  letters  of  gold,  with  Honi  sort  qui  maly  pe?ise,  i.  e.  Evil  to 
him  that  evil  thinks.  This  they  wear  upon  the  left  leg,  in  memory  of  one  which, 
happening  to  untie,  was  let  fall  by  a  great  lady,  passionately  beloved  by  Edward, 
while  she  was  dancing,  and  was  immediately  snatched  up  by  the  King  ;  who,  to 
do  honour  to  the  Lady,  not  out  of  any  trifling  gallantry,  but  with  a  most  serious 
and  honourable  purpose,  dedicated  it  to  the  legs  of  the  most  distinguished  Nobi- 
lity. The  ceremonies  of  this  society  are  celebrated  every  year  at  Windsor,  on 
St.  George's  day,  the  tutelar  Saint  of  the  Order,  the  King  presiding ;  and  the 
custom  is,  that  the  Knights  Companions  should  hang  up  their  helmet  and  shield, 
with  their  arms  blazoned  on  it,  in  some  conspicuous  part  of  the  Church. 


144  HENTZNER'S    DESCRIPTION    OF    WINDSOR    CASTLE. 

There  are  three  principal  and  very  large  Courts  in  Windsor  Castle,  which  gives 
great  pleasure  to  the  beholders  :  the  first  is  inclosed  with  most  elegant  buildings 
of  white  stone,  flat-roofed,  and  covered  with  lead  ;  here  the  Knights  of  the  Garter 
are  lodged  ;  in  the  middle  is  a  detached  house,  remarkable  for  its  high  towers, 
which  the  Governor  inhabits.  In  this  is  the  public  kitchen,  well  furnished  with 
proper  utensils,  besides  a  spacious  dining-room,  where  all  the  Poor  Knights  eat  at 
the  same  table  ;  for  into  this  Society  of  the  Garter  the  King  and  Sovereign  elects, 
at  his  own  choice,  certain  persons  who  must  be  Gentlemen  of  three  descents,  and 
such  as,  for  their  age  and  the  straitness  of  their  fortunes,  are  fitter  for  saying  their 
prayers,  than  for  the  service  of  war ;  to  each  of  them  is  assigned  a  pension  of  ^.18 
per  annum,  and  cloaths  ;  the  chief  institution  of  so  magnificent  a  foundation  is, 
that  they  should  say  their  daily  prayers  to  God  for  the  King's  safety,  and  the  happy 
administration  of  the  kingdom,  to  which  purpose  they  attend  the  service,  meeting 
twice  every  day  at  Chapel.  The  left  side  of  this  Court  is  ornamented  by  a  most 
magnificent  Chapel,  of  134  paces  in  length,  and  16  in  breadth ;  in  this  are  18 
seats,  fitted  up  in  the  time  of  Edward  III.  for  an  equal  number  of  Knights.  This 
venerable  building  is  decorated  with  the  noble  monuments  of  Edward  IV. 
Henry  VI.  and  VIII.  and  of  his  wife  Queen  Jane.  It  receives  from  Royal  libe- 
rality the  annual  income  of  ^.2,000;  and  that  still  much  increased  by  the  muni- 
ficence of  Edward  III.  and  Henry  VII.  The  greatest  Princes  in  Christendom 
have  taken  it  for  the  highest  honour  to  be  admitted  into  the  Order  of  the  Garter; 
and  since  its  first  institution,  about  twenty  Kings,  besides  those  of  England, 
who  are  the  Sovereigns  of  it,  not  to  mention  Dukes,  and  persons  of  the  greatest 
figure,  have  been  of  it.     It  consists  of  twenty-six  Companions. 

In  the  inward  choir  of  the  Chapel  are  hung  up  sixteen  coats  of  arms,  swords, 
and  banners,  among  which,  are  those  of  Charles  V.  and  Rodolphus  II.  Emperors  ; 
of  Philip  of  Spain  ;  Henry  III.  of  France;  Frederick  II.  of  Denmark,  &c.  ;  of 
Casimir  Count  Palatine  of  the  Rhine;  and  other  Christian  Princes,  who  have  been 
chosen  into  this  Order. 

In  the  back  Choir  or  additional  Chapel,  are  shewn  preparations  made  by  Cardi- 
nal Wolsey,  who  was  afterwards  !  capitally  punished,  for  his  own  tomb;  consisting 
of  eight  large  brazen  columns  placed  round  it,  and  nearer  the  tomb  four  others  in  the 
shape  of  candlesticks  ;  the  tomb  itself  is  of  white  and  black  marble  :  all  which  are 
reserved,  according  to  report,  for  the  funeral  of  Queen  Elizabeth ;  the  expences 

*  "  This  was  a  strange  blunder  to  be  made  so  near  the  time  about  so  remarkable  a  person,  unless 
he  concluded  that  whoever  displeased  Henry  VIII.  was  of  course  put  to  death."     Walpole. 


HENTZNER's    DESCRIPTION    OF    WINDSOR    CASTLE.  145 

already  made  for  that  purpose  are  estimated  at  upwards  of*  ^£.60,000.  In  the  same 
Chapel  is  the  surcoat1  of  Edward  III.  and  the  tomb  of  Edward  Fines  Earl  of  Lin- 
coln, Baron  Clinton  and  Say,  Knight  of  the  Most  Noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  and 
formerly  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England. 

The  second  court  of  Windsor  Castle  stands  upon  higher  ground,  and  is  inclosed 
with  walls  of  great  strength,  and  beautified  with  fine  buildings,  and  a  tower;  it 
was  an  ancient  Castle,  of  which  old  annals  speak  in  this  manner  :  King  Edward, 
A.  D.  1359,  began  a  new  building  in  that  part  of  the  Castle  of  Windsor  where 
he  was  born,  for  which  reason  he  took  care  it  should  be  decorated  with  larger  and 
finer  edifices  than  the  rest.  In  this  part  were  kept  prisoners  John  King  of  France, 
and  David  King  of  Scots,  over  whom  Edward  triumphed  at  one  and  the  same  time. 
It  was  bv  their  advice,  struck  with  the  advantage  of  its  situation,  and  with  the  sums 
paid  for  their  ransom,  that  by  degrees  this  Castle  stretched  to  such  magnificence, 
as  to  appear  no  longer  a  fortress,  but  a  town  of  proper  extent,  and  inexpugnable  to 
any  human  force.  This  particular  part  of  the  Castle  was  built  at  the  sole  expence 
of  the  King  of  Scotland,  except  one  tower,  which,  from  its  having  been  erected  by  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester,  Prelate  of  the  Order,  is  called  Winchester  Tower  2.  There 
are  a  hundred  steps  to  it,  so  ingeniously  contrived,  that  horses  can  easily  ascend 
them  ;  it  is  an  hundred  and  fifty  paces  in  circuit :  within  it  are  preserved  all  man- 
ner of  arms  necessary  for  the  defence  of  the  place. 

The  third  court  is  much  the  largest  of  any,  built  at  the  expence  of  the  captive 
King  of  France  ;  as  it  stands  higher,  so  it  greatly  excels  the  two  former  in  splendor 
and  elegance  ;  it  has  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  paces  in  length,  and  ninety-seven 
in  breadth  ;  in  the  middle  of  it  is  a  fountain  of  very  clear  water,  brought  under 
ground  at  an  excessive  expence  from  the  distance  of  four  miles  :  towards  the  East 
are  magnificent  apartments  destined  for  the  Royal  Houshold  ;  towards  the  West  is 
a  tennis-court  for  the  amusement  of  the  Court ;  on  the  North  side  are  the  Royal 
apartments,  consisting  of  magnificent  chambers,  halls,  and  bathing-rooms3,  and 
a  private  Chapel,  the  roof  of  which  is  embellished  with  golden  roses  and  jieurs  de 
lis  ;  in  this  too  is  that  very  large  Banqueting-room,  seventy-eight  paces  long,  and 

1  "  This  is  a  mistake  ;  it  was  the  surcoat  of  Edward  IV.  enriched  with  rubies,  and  was  preserved 
h<  re  till  the  civil  war."     Walpole. 

*  "  This  h  confounded  with  the  round  tower."     Walpole. 

3  "  It  is  not  clear  what  the  author  means  by  hypocaustis ;  I  have  translated  it  bathing-rooms  ;  it 
might  mean  only  chambers  with  stoves,"     Walpole. 

VOL.  I.  U 


146  HENTZNER's    DESCRIPTION    OF    WINDSOR    CASTLE, 

thirty  wide,  in  which  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  annually  celebrate  the  memory 
of  their  tutelar  Saint,  St.  George,  with  a  solemn  and  most  pompous  service. 

From  hence  runs  a  walk 1  of  incredible  beauty,  three  hundred  and  eighty  paces 
in  length,  set  round  on  every  side  with  supporters  of  wood,  which  sustain  a  bal- 
cony, from  whence  the  Nobility  and  persons  of  distinction  can  take  the  pleasure  of 
seeing  hunting  and  hawking  in  a  lawn  of  sufficient  space;  for  the  fields  and  mea- 
dows, clad  with  variety  of  plants  and  flowers,  swell  gradually  into  hills  of  perpe- 
tual verdure  quite  up  to  the  Castle,  and  at  bottom  stretch  out  in  an  extended  plain, 
that  strikes  the  beholders  with  delight. 

Besides  what  has  been  already  mentioned,  there  are  worthy  of  notice  here  two 
bathing-rooms,  cieled  and  wainscoted  with  looking  glass ;  the  chamber  in  which 
Henry  VI.  was  born  ;   Queen  Elizabeth's  bed-chamber,  where  is  a  table  of  red 
marble  with  white  streaks  ;  a  gallery  every  where  ornamented  with  emblems  and 
figures  ;  a  chamber  in  which  are  the  Royal  beds  of  Henry  VII.  and  his  Queen,  of 
Edward  VI.  of  Henry  VIII.  and  of  Anne  Bullen,  all  of  them  eleven  feet  square, 
and  covered  with  quilts  shining  with  gold  and  silver  ;  Queen  Elizabeth's  bed,  with 
curious  coverings  of  embroidery,  but  not  quite  so  long  or  large  as  the  others ;  a 
piece  of  tapestry,  in  which  is  represented  Clovis  King  of  France,  with  an  angel 
presenting  to  him  thejieurs  de  lis,  to  be  borne  in  his  arms  ;  for  before  this  time 
the  Kings  of  France  bore  three  toads  in  their  shield,  instead  of  which  they  after- 
wards placed  three  Jleurs  de  lis  on  a  blue  fields     This  antique  tapestry  is  said  to 
have  been  taken  from  a  King  of  France,   while  the  English  were  masters  there. 
We  were  shewn  here,  among  other  things,  the  horn  of  a  unicorn,  of  above  eight 
spans  and  a  half  in  length,  valued  at  above  ,^.10,000  ;  the  bird  of  paradise,  three 
spans  long,  three  fingers  broad,  having  a  blue  bill  of  the  length  of  half  an  inch, 
the  upper  part  of  its  head   yellow,  the  nether  part  of  a  *  *  *  *  colour  3,  a  little 
lower  from  either  side  of  its  throat  stick  out  some  reddish  feathers,  as  well  as  from 
its  back  and  the  rest  of  his  body ;  its  wings,  of  a  yellow  colour,  are  twice  as  long 
as  the  bird  itself;  from   its  back  grow  out  length-ways   two  fibres  or  nerves, 
bigger  at  their  ends,  but  like  a  pretty  strong  thread,  of  a  leaden  colour,  inclining 
to  black,  with  which,  as  it  has  no  feet,  it  is  said  to  fasten  itself  to  trees,  when  it 
wants  to  rest :  a  cushion  most  curiously  wrought  by  Queen  Elizabeth's  own  hands. 

1  "  Queen  Elizabeth  made  the  Terrace  Walk  on  the  North  side  of  the  Castle,  from  which  there  is  a 
pleasant  prospect  down  upon  Eton  College,  the  Thames,  and  neighbouring  country."  Pote's  Windsor, 
p.  36.  *  The  original  is  optici;  it  is  impossible  to  guess  what  colour  he  meant.     Walpole. 


hentzner's   DESCRIPTION   OF  ETON.  147 

In  the  precincts  of  Windsor,  on  the  other  side  of  the  Thames,  both  whose  banks 
are  joined  by  a  bridge  of  wood,  is  Eton,  a  well-built  College,  and  famous  school 
for  polite  letters,  founded  by  Henry  VI.  where,  besides  a  Master,  eight  Fellows 
and  Chanters,  sixty  boys  are  maintained  gratis :  they  are  taught  Grammar,  and 
remain  in  the  school  till  upon  trial  made  of  their  genius  and  progress  in  study, 
they  are  sent  to  the  University  of  Cambridge.  As  we  returned  to  our  inn,  we 
happened  to  meet  some  country  people  celebrating  harvest-home  :  their  last  load 
of  corn  they  crown  with  flowers,  having  besides  an  image  richly  dressed,  by 
which,  perhaps,  they  would  signify  Ceres  ;  this  they  keep  moving  about,  while 
men  and  women,  men  and  maid-servants,  riding  through  the  streets  in  the  cart, 
shout  as  loud  as  they  can,  till  they  arrive  at  the  barn.  The  farmers  here  do  not 
bind  up  their  corn  in  sheaves,  as  they  do  with  us ;  but  directly  as  they  have 
reaped  or  mowed  it,  put  it  into  carts,  and  convey  it  into  their  barns. 


Remarkable  Events  in  1563,  1564,  and  1565. 

The  City  of  London  was,  1563,  so  infected  with  the  plague  of  pestilence,  that 
in  the  same  whole  year,  that  is  to  say,  from  the  first  of  January  156*2-3,  till  the 
last  of  December  1563,  there  died  in  the  Cittie  and  liberties  thereof,  containing 
108  parishes,  of  all  diseases  20,372;  and  of  the  plague  (being  a  part  of  the 
number  aforesaid)  17,404  persons.  And  in  out-parishes  adjoyning  to  the  same 
Citie,  being  11  parishes,  died  of  all  diseases  in  the  whole  year  3,28S  persons  ;  and 
of  them  of  the  plague  2,732  persons  :  so  that  the  whole  number  of  all  that  died 
of  all  diseases,  as  well  within  the  City  and  liberties,  as  in  the  out-parishes,  was 
23,660  ;  and  of  them  there  died  of  the  plague  20,136  '. 

Queen  Elizabeth,  in  1563,  granted  by  patent  all  the  calamine  in  England,  and 
within  the  English  pale  in  Ireland,  to  her  Assay  Master  William  Humphrey,  and 
one  Christopher  Shutz,  a  German  ;  and,  as  the  patent  sets  forth,  a  workman  of 
great  cunning,   knowledge,  and  experience,  as  well  in  the  finding  of  calamine, 

■  Stow's  Annals. 


148  REMARKABLE    EVENTS    IN    I563,    15^4,    AND    I565. 

as  in  the  proper  use  of  it  for  the  mixt  metal  called  latten  or  brass  l.  With  those 
patentees  were  soon  after  associated  some  of  the  greatest  men  in  the  kingdom,  as 
Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Earls  of  Pembroke  and  Leicester, 
Lord  Cobham,  Sir  William  Cecil,  and  others,  and  the  whole  were  incorporated 
into  a  society,  called  "  The  Society  for  the  Mineral  and  Battery  Works,"  in  the 
year  1568. 

Mines  of  latten2,  whatever  may  have  been  at  that  period  meant  by  the  word, 
are  mentioned  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI.  who  made  his  Chaplain,  John  Battwright, 
Comptroller  of  all  his  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  latten,  lead,  within  the  counties 
of  Devon  and  Cornwall  ;  yet  I  am  disposed  to  think,  that  the  beginning  of  the 
brass  manufactory  in  England  may  be  properly  referred  to  the  policy  of  Eliza- 
beth, who  invited  into  the  kingdom  various  persons  from  Germany,  who  were 
skilled  in  metallurgy  and  mining  3. 

156*4. 

In  this  year,  for  the  plague  was  not  fully  ceased  in  London,  Hilarie  Terme  was 
kept  at  Hertford  Castle  besides  Ware. 

"  The  thirteenth  of  April,  1564,  an  honorable  and  joifull  peace  was  concluded, 
betwixt  the  Queen's  Majestie  and  the  French  King,  their  realmes,  dominions, 
and  subjects  ;  and  the  same  peace  was  proclaimed  with  sound  of  trumpet,  before 
her  Majestie  in  her  Castle  of  Windsor,  there  being  present  the  French  Ambassa- 
dors. And  presentlie  after,  the  Queene's  Grace  sent  the  Right  Honourable  Sir 
Henry  Careie  Lord  of  Hunsdon,  now  Lord  Chamberlaine  (of  whose  honourable 
and  noble  descent  it  is  thus  written  : 

cujus  fuerat  matertera  pulchra 


Reginse  genitrix  Henrici  nobilis  uxor) 
accompanied  with  the  Lord  Strange,  beside  diverse  Knights  and  Gentlemen,  unto 
the  French  King,  with  the  noble  Order  of  the  Garter;  who,  rinding  him  at  the 
Citie  of  Lions,  being  in  those  parts  on  Progresse,  he  there  presented  unto  him  the 

1  "  Opera  Mineralia  explieata,"  p.  34.  The  work  was  by  Moses  Stringer,  M.  D.  in  1713,  and 
contains  a  complete  history  of  the  ancient  Corporations  of  the  City  of  London,  of  and  for  the 
mines,  the  mineral  and  battery  works. 

9  In  1639  a  proclamation  was  issued,  prohibiting  the  importation  of  brass  wire;  and  about  1650 
one  Demetrius,  a  German,  set  up  a  brass  work  in  Surrey,  at  the  expence  of  s£.6,000. 

3  Bishop  Watson's  "  Chemical  Essays,"  vol.  IV.  pp.  69.  et  seq. 


THE    aUEEN    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  1564.  149 

said  noble  Order ;  and  Garter  King  at  Arms  invested  him  therewith,  observing  the 
ceremonies  in  that  behalf  due  and  requisit  V 

The  plague  being  cleane  ceased  in  London,  both  Easter  and  Midsommer  Terme 
were  kept  at  Westminster. 

Juue  7.  The  Queen  gave  her  oath  at  Rychmond,  for  the  ratification  of  the 
Treaty  of  Troyes. 

July  1.  My  daughter  Elizabeth  born  at  Cecill  House  at  night,  betwixt  seven 
and  eight. 

July  5.     The  Queenes  Majesty  at  Mr.  Sackvile's. 

July  6.  My  daughter  Elizabeth  christened  by  the  Queenes  Majesty  and  Lady 
Lenox.     The  same  night  the  Queen  supped  at  my  house. 

27.  The  Queen  at  my  Lord  Treasurer's  house  at  Theobalds  2,  and  so  to  Enfield3. 


The  5th  of  August,  the  Queenes  Majestie  in  her  Progress,  came  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge  4,  and  was  of  all  the  students  (being  invested  according  to 
their  degrees  taken  in  the  schooles)  honorably  aud  joyfully  received  in  the  King's 
College,  where  she  did  lye  during  her  continuance  in  Cambridge. 

»  See  Holinshed,  vol.  III.  p.  1206. 

9  Of  this  house,  see  hereafter,  under  the  year  1571.  3  Burghley  Papers. 

*  "  Camloritum,  Cantabrigium,  and  Cantabrigia,  now  called  Cambridge,  a  celebrated'  town,  so 
named  from  the  river  Cam,  which,  after  washing  the  western  side,  playing-  through  islands,  turns  to 
the  East,  and  divides  the  town  into  two  parts,  which  are  joined  by  a  bridge;  whence  its  modern 
name  :  formerly  it  had  the  Saxon  one  of  Grantbridge.  Beyond  this  bridge  is  an  antient  and  large 
castle,  said  to  be  built  by  the  Danes  :  on  this  side,  where  far  the  greater  part  of  the  town  stands,  all 
is  splendid  ;  the  streets  fine,  the  Churches  numerous,  and  those  seats  of  the  Muses,  the  Colleges,  most 
beautiful ;  in  these  a  great  number  of  learned  men  are  supported,  and  the  studies  of  all  polite  sciences 
and  languages  flourish.  I  think  proper  to  mention  some  few  things  about  the  foundation  of  this 
University  and  its  Colleges.  Cantaber,  a  Spaniard,  is  thought  to  have  first  instituted  this  academy  375 
years  before  Christ ;  and  Sebert,  King  of  the  East  Angles,  to  have  restored  it,  A.  D.  630.  It  was 
afterwards  subverted  in  the  confusion  under  the  Danes,  and  lay  long  neglected  ;  till,  upon  the  Nor- 
man Conquest,  every  thing  began  to  brighten  up  again  :  from  that  time  Inns  and  Halls,  for  the  con- 
venient lodging  of  students,  began  to  be  built,  but  without  any  revenues  annexed  to  them.  The  first 
College,  called  Peter  House,  was  built  and  endowed  by  Hugh  Balsam,  Bishop  of  Ely,  A.  D.  1280 ; 
and  in  imitation  of  him,  Richard  Badew,  with  the  assistance  of  Elizabeth  Burk,  Countess  of  Clare 


150  THE    aUEEN    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564. 

The  daies  of  her  abode  were  passed  in  scholasticall  exercises  of  philosophic, 
his  icke,  anddivinity  ;  the  nights  in  comedies  and  tragedies,  set  forth  partly  by  the 
whole  University,  and  partly  by  the  Students  of  the  King's  College.  At  the  breaking 
up  of  the  Divinity  Act,  being  on  Wednesday  the  9th  of  August  (on  the  which 
day  she  rode  through  the  towne,  and  viewed  the  Colledges,  those  goodly  and 
ancient  monuments  of  the  Kings  of  England,  her  noble  predecessours)  she  made 
within  St.  Maries  Church  a  notable  Oration  in  Latine,  in  the  presence  of  the 
whole  University,  to  the  Students'  great  comfort. 

and  Ulster,  founded  Clare  Hall,  in  1326  ;  Mary  de  St.  Paul,  Countess  of  Pembroke,  Pembroke  Hall, 
in  1343 ;  the  Monks  of  Corpns  Christi,  the  College  of  the  same  name,  though  it  has  besides  that  of 
Benet ;  John  Craudene,  Trinity  Hall,  1354  ;  Edmond  Gcnville  in  1348,  and  John  Caius,  a  physician 
in  our  times,  Gonville  and  Caius  College;  King  Henry  VI.  King's  College,  in  1441 ;  adding  to  it  a 
Chapel,  that  may  justly  claim  a  place  among  the  most  beautiful  buildings  in  the  world  ;  on  its  right 
side  is  a  fine  Library,  where  we  saw  the  Book  of  Psalms  in  manuscript  upon  parchment,  four  spans 
in  length,  and  three  broad,  taken  from  the  Spaniards  at  the  siege  of  Cadiz,  and  thence  brought  into 
England  with  other  rich  spoils.  Margaret  of  Anjou,  his  wife,  founded  Queen's  College,  1448,  at  the 
same  time  that  John  Alcock,  Bishop  of  Ely,  built  Jesus  College  ;  Robert  Woodlarke,  Catherine  Hall, 
1456 ;  Margaret  of  Richmond,  mother  of  King  Henry  VII.  Christ's  and  St.  John's  College,  about 
1506  •,  Thomas  Audley,  Chancellor  of  England,  Magdalen  College,  much  increased  since,  both  in 
buildings  and  revenue,  by  Christopher  Wray,  Lord  Chief  Justice ;  and  the  most  potent  King  Henry 
VIII.  erected  Trinity  College,  for  religion  and  polite  letters  ;  in  this  Chapel  is  the  tomb  of  Dr.  Whit- 
acre,  with  an  inscription  in  gold  letters  upon  marble ;  Emanuel  College  built  in  our  own  times  by 
the  most  honourable  and  prudent  Sir  Walter  Mildmay,  one  of  her  Majesty's  Privy  Council :  and 
lastly,  Sidney  College,  now  first  building  by  the  executors  of  the  Lady  Frances  Sidney,  Countess  of 
Suffolk,  who  was  the  daughter,  sister,  and  aunt,  of  those  eminent  Knights,  Sir  William,  Sir  Henry, 
and  Sir  Philip  Sidney.  We  must  note  here,  that  there  is  a  certain  sect  in  England,  called  Puritans  : 
these,  according  to  the  doctrine  of  Church  of  Geneva,  reject  all  ceremonies  antiently  held,  and  admit 
of  neither  organs  nor  tombs  in  their  places  of  worship,  and  entirely  abhor  all  difference  in  rank 
among  Churchmen,  such  as  Bishops,  Deans,  &c. :  they  were  first  named  Puritans  by  the  Jesuit 
Sandys.  They  do  not  live  separate,  but  mix  with  those  of  the  Church  of  England  in  the  Colleges.'' 
Hentzner,  in  1598. — To  this  list  of  Colleges  is  now  to  be  added,  Downing  College,  founded  in  1800, 
pursuant  to  the  will  of  Sir  George  Downing,  Bart,  of  Gamlingham,  co.  Cambridge.  See  Gent.  Mag, 
vol.  LXXI.  p.  197. 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  1 56*4.  151 


TRIUMPHS   OF  THE   MUSES. 

Or,  The  Grand  Reception  and  Entertainment  of  Queen  Elizabeth 

at  Cambridge,  1564 1. 

CONTAINING, 

I.  Sir  William  Cecill2,  Chancellor  of  Cambridge,  to  [Edward  Hawford,  S.  T.  P. 
Master  of  Christ's  College,  and]  his  Vicechancellor  of  that  University; 
acquainting  him  with  the  Queen's  intended  design  to  come  thither,  and  wishing 
him  to  provide  lodgings,  and  such  Academical  Exercises  for  her  Entertainment 
as  may  be  most  agreeable  to  her.     Dated  12  Julii  1564. 

To  the  Right  Worshipful  Mr.  Vicechancellor  of  the  Universitye  of  Cambridge. 
Mr.  Vicechancellor, 

1.  After  my  very  hartye  commendations.  Althoughe  youe  may  here  by 
rumors  of  the  Quene's  Majestie's  intention  to  repayre  thither  in  her  Progresse, 
and  toremayne  in  that  Universitye  three  days  (that  is,  the  8,  9,  and  10  of  August) 
yet  I,  consideringe  the  place  I  holde  to  be  your  Chauncellor  (though  unwordelye) 
have  thought  mete  to  impart  the  same  unto  youe;  praying  youe  to  conferr  with 
suche  of  the  Masters  of  the  Coleges  ther  as  youe  shall  thinke  mete,  and  consider 

2.  [l.]  What  lodginge  shal  be  metest  for  her  Majestie,  and 

3.  Next,  what  maner  of  plesures  in  lerninge  maye  be  presented  to  her  Majestie, 
who  hath  knowledge  to  understande  very  well  in  all  common  sciences : 

4.  Thirdlye,  youe  maye  doe  well  to  conferre  with  the  Maior  of  the  Towne,  how 
the  Towne  for  both  your  juridictions  may  be  preserved  from  contagion  of  plague. 

5.  As  for  myselfe  I  meane  to  lodge  with  my  olde  nurse,  in  S.  John's  College: 
and  so  I  praye  youe  informe  the  Master. 

6*.  If  you  shall  think  mete  to  communicate  any  thinge  with  me  concerning  this 
matter,  I  praye  youe  sende  some  man  of  knowledge  to  me,  with  home  I  may  con- 
ferre.    My  desire  is  that  two  things  maye  speciallye  appeare  in  that  Universitye : 

'  Communicated  to  Mr.  Peck,  from  a  MS.  in  the  hands  of  Roger  Gale,  Esq.  p.  63 ;  and  now 
collated  with  Hail.  MSS.  7037.  109.  intituled,  "Queen  Elizabeth's  Coming  to  Cambridge,  1564."— 
The  words  and  passages  between  crotchets  are  not  in  the  Hail.  MS. 
Created  Lord  Burleigh  in  1576. 


152  THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564. 

order  and  lerninge.  And  for  order  I  meane  bothe  for  Religion  and  civill  behaviour. 
And  thus,  being  pressede  with  muche  business,  I  am  hastely  forced  to  ende  my 
scriblinge.     At  Grenewich,  the  12  of  Julii  1564. 

Your  assured  frende,  William  Cectll. 

This  letter  was  received  at  Cambridge  the  Monday  following,  being  the  17  of 
July1. 

II.  Edmund  Grindall,  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  to  the  Vicechancelor,  and  Heads 
of  the  University  ;  notifying  the  Queen's  intended  Progress  thither  2.  Dated 
15  July  15643. 

1.  On  the  15  day  of  July,  the  Right  Reverend  Father  in  God  Edmund  [Lord] 
Bishop  of  London,  directed  his  letters  unto  [Edmund]  Hawford,  [S.  T.  P.  Master 
of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  and]  Vice-chancellor  [of  that  University]  and  the 
Masters  of  Colleges  ;  signifying,  that 

2.  He  had  understanding  by  Sir  William  Cecyl,  Knight,  Principal  Secretary 
to  the  Queen's  Majestie,  and  High  Chancellor  of  the  University ;  that  the  Queen's 
Majestie  intended,  in  her  Progresse,  to  see  Cambridge ;  and  that  she  would  be 
there  about  the  eight  of  August  next. 

3.  And  thereupon  the  said  Reverend  Father  advertised  them,  to  put  themselves 
in  all  readiness  to  pleasure  her  Majestie,  and  to  welcome  her  with  all  manner  of 
scholastical  exercises;  viz.  with  Sermons,  both  in  English  and  Latin;  Disputations 
in  all  kind  of  Faculties  ;  and  playing  of  Comedies  and  Tragedies ;  Orations  and 
Verses,  both  in  Latin  and  Greek,  to  be  made  and  set  up  of  all  students,  in  the 
way  that  her  Majesty  should  goe  or  ride. 

III.  The  Order  and  Preparation  for  the  Queen's  Reception4. 

1.  The  next  day  [after  the  receipt  of  Sir  William  Cecil's  letter]  were  sent  from 
the  University  both  the  Proctors    [Richard  Curtis  and  Henry  Morley]   and  one 

1  E.  collect.  MS.  cl.  Bakeri,  ubi  infra. 

*  From  the  MS  Collections  of  Mr.  Thomas  Baker,  the  Cambridge  Antiquary,  vol.  X.  p.  109,  as 
transcribed  for  Mr.  Peck's  use  (with  Mr.  Baker's  allowance)  by  the  Rev.  Zachary  Grey,  LL.  D. 

3  Vide  P.  Rami  Schol.  Mathemat.  pp.  14,  15. 

4  From  the  same  MS.  Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. — Instead  of  this  title  and  the  first  paragraph,  the 
Harl.  MS  reads : 

"  The  Receiving  of  Queen  Elizabeth  at  Cambridge.     V.  MS.  Jo.  Mori  Ep'i  Norv. 
Fol.  403,  Num.  664,  in  Catalogo  MSS.  Anglise. 
"  The  Munday  following,  being  the  17th  of  July,  letters  of  like  importance  came  to  the  University, 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  156>4.  153 

Bedell :  who,  upon  their  coming  to  London,  were  very  gently  received,  and  had 
conference  with  the  said  Sir  William  Cecyl,  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  Dr. 
[Walter]  Haddon,  Master  of  the  Requests,  and  Mr.  Dr.  [Gabriel  Goodman],  the 
Dean  of  Westminster.  And,  in  conclusion,  had  put  in  writing  by  the  said  Mr. 
Secretary  all  such  orders  as  should  be  observed,  of  the  University  and  every 
Member  of  the  same,  at  the  Queen's  Majestie's  coming. 

2.  [viz.]  As  well  for  the  standing  of  all  Scholars  andGraduats  in  their  degrees 
and  habits ;  the  receiving  her  at  the  West  door  of  the  King's  College  Church, 
with  a  canopy  born  by  four  Doctors  ;  the  delivering  up  of  the  Bedells  staffs ;  the 
Provost  of  the  said  College  with  all  his  company  standing  in  copes;  the  ringing  of 
bells ;  the  order  of  the  Proctor's  oration,  which  he  should  make  in  the  name  of 
the  University ;  as  for  making  of  the  stage  in  S.  Marie's  Church  ;  the  order  of 
disputation  ;  the  questions  for  the  same;  the  Sermon  ad  clerum ;  the  order  of  the 
Comedies  and  Tragedies  ;  the  verses  made,  to  be  seen  by  the  best  learned  in 
every  House  ;  and  the  said  verses  to  be  compiled  in  one  book,  to  be  given  to  the 
Queen's  Majestie ;  as  also  one  other  book  of  the  Founders  and  Benefactors  of 
every  College,  and  what  great  learned  men  and  servants  to  the  Prince  and 
Commonwealth  had  been  brought  up  in  the  same. 

3.  During  this  time  provision  of  beer,  ale,  and  wine,  was  sent  to  the  King's 
College,  and  divers  officers  of  the  Court  repaired  to  the  town,  to  take  up  the 
Queen's  lodging,  and  to  know  when  any  dyed  of  the  plague ;  with  certain  infor- 
mation, that  the  Queen's  Majestie  would  be  at  Cambridge  upon  Saturday  the  5th 
of  August.  Whereupon  the  Vice-chancellor  and  the  Maior  took  order  for  the 
well  paving  of  all  the  Town  ;  and  that  every  inhabitant  should  provide  sufficient 
sand  [upon  the  coming  of  the  Queen's  Majestie  *.] 

from  Sir  William  Cecil,  &c.  and  further  requiring,  that  some  expert  men  should  be  sent  unto  him, 
with  whom  he  might  have  conference,  for  the  better  receiving  the  Queen's  Majesty,  and  convenient 
order  to  be  observed  of  all  persons,  states,  and  conditions,  with  advertisement  what  College  they 
thought  fittest  to  receive  her  Highness.  Whereupon  the  next  day  were  sent  from  the  University  both 
the  Proctors  and  one  Bedell,  who,  upon  their  coming  to  London,  were  very  gently  received,  had  con- 
ference with  the  said  Sir  William  Cecill,  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  Dr.  Haddon,  Master  of  the 
Requests,  and  Mr.  Dr.  Goodman,  Dean  of  Westminster,  and  in  conclusion  had  put  in  writing,  by  the 
said  Mr.  Secretary,  all  such  orders  as  should  be  observed  of  the  University  and  every  member  of  the 
same,  at  the  Queen's  Majesties  coming." 

1  Harl  MS.  "  to  cover  the  streets,  at  the  coming  of  the  Queen's  Majesty." 

VOL.  I.  X 


154  THE    GLUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  156*4. 

[4.  Here  also  is  to  be  noted,  that  about  the  24th  of  July,  upon  information 
given  by  Mr.  Secretary,  the  University  directed  their  letters  to  the  Lord  Robert, 
humbly  desiring  his  honour,  to  '  commend  all  their  doings  to  the  Prince,  and  to 
be  a  mean  that  all  should  be  taken  in  good  part.'] 

[IV.  The  Lord  Robert  Dudley  to  the  University;  signifying,  that,  as  their 
intended  Exercises  are  designed  purely  for  the  Queen's  Entertainment,  they 
need  not  in  the  least  fear  but  they  will  all  be  accepted  and  taken  in  good  part 
by  her  *. 

To  my  very  loving  friends  the  Vice-chancellor,  with  the  rest  of  the  Fellows, 
in  the  Universitye  of  Cambridge. 

1.  As  I  was  not  a  little  glad  to  receyve  your  last  letter  (perceivinge  therby  bothe 
the  great  care  youe  had  to  discharge  yourselves  to  the  uttermost  for  the  Queen's 
Majestie's  best  likinge  and  contentation,  now  att  her  cominge  amonge  youe ;  as 
also  your  good-wills  towards  me,  in  makinge  so  good  accompte  of  my  poore 
friendship  for  helpe  to  the  furderaunce  of  the  same),  yet  cannot  I  be  well  satisfyed, 
that  (beinge  so  bounde  and  tyed  unto  youe  as  I  am,  by  your  just  deservinge)  [I] 
had  not  prevented  your  requests  with  the  offer  of  my  ready  good-will  wholy  to  be 
employed  as  might  seme  eny  waye  good  to  stande  youe  in  steade.  Prayinge  youe 
to  thinke  (as  1  was  fullye  determined  so  to  have  done,  and  my  messenger  prepared 
to  come  unto  voue  even  at  the  present  tyme  I  receyved  yours)  so  to  accepte  my 
former  meaninge  with  all  my  habilitye,  wherin  yt  may  serve  and  pleasure  you, 
in  so  good  parte  as  here  I  offer  yt  most  willingly.  For  loth  would  I  be  that  youe 
should  bestowe  so  greate  a  token  of  your  frendly  good-willes  one  me,  both  unde- 
servide  and  unloked  for  as  youe  all  did,  in  makinge  me  one  of  your  cheffe  officers, 
and  att  such  a  tyme  as  sildom  happs,  and  yet  never  none  more  desired  to  youer 
comforts  ;  I  shoulde  be  founde  either  unmyndfull  or  unthankefull  for  ytt. 

2.  Therefore  I  saye,  whatsoever  I  maye  doe,  and  youe  shall  thinke  feete  for  me 
to  doe,  I  am  and  wil  be  readye  (God  willinge)  to  the  most  of  my  power  to  do  yt; 
with  my  frendshipp,  every  waye  to  furder  you ;  with  my  pourse,  to  assiste  and 
spend  with  youe ;  and  myne  owne  selfe,  att  your  commandements  in  all  I  may  to 
honour  and  serve  youe.  And  in  nothing  shall  I  recken  myselfe  more  beholdinge 
unto  youe,  then  in  that  I  am  [yours]  wholy  to  use  me. 

1  From  the  above  mentioned  MS.  in  the  hands  of  Roger  Gale,  Esq.  p.  63. 


THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT  CAMBRIDGE,  I564.  155 

3.  And  nowe3  as  towchinge  the  matter  in  your  letters  for  doubt  of  your  well- 
doings to  the  good-likinge  of  Queen's  Majestie,  I  maye  very  well  putt  you  out  of 
eny  such  doubte.  For,  presurainge  with  how  good  myndes  youe  will  offer  all 
things ;  and,  knowinge  howe  far  her  Highnes  doth  esteme  good-will  above  any 
other  gifts  ;  let  this  perswade  youe,  that  nothinge  can  be  with  better  will  done  by 
youe,  than  yt  wil  be  graciously  accepted  of  her;  whose  vertues  and  princely 
dispositions,  agreable  with  all  other  excellente  lerning,  is  suche,  as  yt  cannot  be, 
but  as  youe  shall  have  all  things  well  taken  as  you  woulde  desier;  so  shall  youe 
be  otherwise  as  well  satisfied  as  you  can  wishe. 

4.  Thus  I  will  leave  further  trouble  to  youe,  till  my  chaunce  shal  be  to  see  youe  : 
havinge,  in  the  mean  tyme,  sent  this  berer  my  servaunt  unto  youe,  to  knowe  yi 
any  waye  you  will  use  me  or  myne.  And  here,  with  my  most  harty  commenda- 
tions, I  will  commyt  you  to  the  favor  of  Almighty  God. 

At  the  Courte,  this  27th  of  July  1564. 

Yours,  all  very  assured  to  my  power,  R.  Duddeley.J 

[V.  Sir  William  Cecil,  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  to  [Edward 
Hawforde,  S.  T.  P.  Master  of  Christ's  College,  and]  his  Vice-chancellor  of 
that  University ;  shewing  his  uneasiness  lest  the  Queen,  at  her  coming,  should 
not  be  entertained  to  her  satisfaction  1. 

To  my  veray  lovinge  frende  Mr.  Doctor  Hawforde,  Vice-chancellor  of  Cambridge. 

Mr.  Vice-chancelor, 

1.  I  am  in  great  anxietie  for  the  well-doinge  of  things  there ;  and  I  find  myself 
much  troubled  with  other  busines  here,  and  with  an  unhappy  greffe  in  my  foote. 

2.  This  bearer  [Gabriel  Goodman]  Mr.  Dean  of  Westminster,  commethe  of 
meere  good  wyll  to  furder  your  common  causes.  I  praye  youe  let  me  knowe  how 
youre  matters  do  procede. 

3.  I  meane  to  be  at  Sir  RafTe  Sadler's  on  Thursday  next  at  night.  And,  on 
Friday  night,  either  at  Cambridge  or  near  to  Haselingefilde ;  if  I  maye  finde  any 
lodginge.     l  Aug.  1564. 

Yours  assured,  W.  Cecyll.] 

1  From  the  same  MS.  p.  G4. 


156  THE    GLUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  I564. 

VI.  Sir  William  Cecil,  Chancellor  of  the  University,  of  Cambridge,  his  Arrival 

and  Reception  there,  on  Friday  4  Aug.  1564  K 

1.  Upon  Friday  the  4th  of  August  Sir  William  Cecyl,  having  a  sore  leg,  came, 
with  his  lady,  in  a  coach,  about  three  a  clocke  in  the  afternoone,  and  tooke  up  his 
lodging  at  the  Master's  chambers  of  St.  John's  College :  where  he  was  received 
with  an  oration.     And 

2.  When  he  had  [reposed  2]  himself  a  while,  he  sent  for  the  Vice-chancellor 
and  all  Heads.  For  he  would  in  no  case,  that  either  they  should  meet  him  by  the 
way  (as  it  was  thought  good  by  some  to  do)  or  to  come  ere  he  was  ready,  because 
of  his  sore  legg. 

3.  And  there  with  them  (after  he  had  taken  every  one  by  the  hand,  and  enquired 
their  names  and  functions)  he  at  large  discoursed  of  all  things,  touching  his  former 
instructions.  And  added,  '  that  order  should  be  diligently  kept  of  all  sorts  ;  and 
that  uniformity  should  be  shewed  in  apparel  and  Religion,  and  especially  in  setting 
at  the  Communion-table.'  And  so,  for  that  time,  he  dismissed  the  whole  company  ; 
willing  and  commanding  the  Bedells,  to  wait  upon  the  Vice-chancellor  homeward: 
for  the  Bedells  would  have  remained  with  the  same  Sir  William,  [he]  being  High 
Chancellor. 

4.  The  Vice-chanceller,  the  Heads,  and  the  Proctors,  at  their  coming,  gave 
unto  the  said  Mr.  Secretary  '  most  humble  thanks  for  his  gentleness  and  great 
care  that  he  had  for  and  towards  the  University ;  and  instantly  desired  his  Honor 
to  continue  the  same ;  and  that  it  would  please  him  to  stand  with  the  University 
at  the  receiving  of  the  Queen  ;  and  give  up  the  Bedells  staffs :'  which  he  then 
and  there  promised.  And  then  the  University  presented  him  with  two  pair  of 
gloves,  a  march-pain,  and  two  sugar-loaves  :  and  so  departed  to  their  lodging. 

VII.  The  Lord  Robert  Dudley  3,  Lord  High  Steward  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, his  Arrival  and  Reception  there  on  Saturday,  5  Aug.  15644. 

1.  The  5  August,  being  Saturday,  about  eight  a  clock,  the  said  Sir  William 
Cecyl  sent  for  the  Vice-chancellor,  and  all  the  heads,  and  shewed  them,  that  the 
Lord  Robert,  [Lord]  High  Steward  of  that  University,  had  sent  him  word,  that 

1  From  Mr.  Thomas  Baker's  MS  Collections,  vol.  X.  as  above.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 
8  Harl.  MS.  "  deposed." 

3  Fifth  son  of  the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  created  Earl  of  Leicester  in  September  following. 

4  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


THE    aUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  156*4.  157 

he  would  come  that  morning  to  the  University,  '  to  know  if  they  would  require 
[any  thing  of  him  to  be  done  *]  for  the  contentation  of  the  Prince.'  And,  upon 
his  message,  he  willed  them  to  be  in  readiness  for  his  Honors  reception  2. 

2.  Mr.  Secretary,  with  the  Heads  of  Colleges,  being  advertised  of  his  Honor's 
coming,  toke  order  to  meet  him  at  the  King's  College,  then  called  the  Court.  And 
thither  he  rode,  all  the  Bedells  going  before  him  bare  headed.  And  there,  after 
he  had  saluted  Sir  William  Cecyl,  he  first  did  peruse  the  Queen's  lodging,  and 
after  the  Church,  and  the  way  that  the  Queen  should  come  to  the  same.  And  so, 
[both]  taking  their  horses,  they  ridd  unto  his  lodging  at  Trinity  College ;  the 
Bedells  going  before  them;  where  the  Master  [Mr.  Robert  Beaumont]  at  the 
gate  received  his  Honor  with  an  oration.  And  so  brought  him,  through  the 
whole  company,  being  in  number  204  persons,  unto  the  hall.  From  thence  to 
his  lodging  in  the  Master's  Chamber ;  the  doors  and  walls  whereof  were  hanged 
with  verses  of  his  praises  and  well-coming.  And  the  University  gave  unto  his 
Honor  two  pair  of  gloves,  a  march-pain,  and  two  sugar-loaves. 

3.  Immediately  they  both  departed  to  S.  John's  College,  and  there  likewise  the 
Master  and  the  company  received  his  Honor  with  an  oration.  And  then  they 
came  to  Mr.  Secretary's  Chamber;  where  he  took  every  man  by  the  hand, 
[being]  advertised  by  Mr.  Chancellor  what  was  their  names,  and  what  rooms 
every  man  did  bear.  And,  that  done,  they  did  take  full  order  for  the  receiving 
and  entertaining  of  the  Queen's  Majesty;  and  so  departed :  requiring  the  Vice- 
chancellor,  to  dinner.     Where  he  appointed  a  square  table  for  the  Bedells. 

4.  Then  the  Vice-chancellor,  with  the  Heads,  repaired  unto  the  Duke  of  Nor- 
folk's lodging,  which  was  at  one  Mr.  Raie's,  an  Alderman  (because  the  Duke  is 
Steward  to  the  Town)  and  gave  unto  his  Grace  two  pair  of  gloves,  a  march-pain, 
and  a  sugar-loaf. 

5.  And  from  thence,  to  the  Earl  of  Suffolk,  and  presented  him  with  a  pair  of 
gloves.     And  [the  like  to]  the  rest  of  the  Nobility. 

1  Harl.  MS.  "  of  him  any  thing  to  be  done,  and  further  to  take  order  for  all  things  to  be  done." 
•  The  Harl.  MS.  adds,  "  Here  it  is  to  be  noted,  that  about  the  24th  of  July,  upon  information 
given  to  Mr.  Secretary,  the  University  directed  their  letters  to  the  Lord  Robert,  humbly  desiring  his 
Honour  to  commend  all  their  doing  to  the  Prince,  and  to  be  a  mean  that  all  should  be  taken  in  good 
part :  who  therefore,  about  the  last  of  July,  sent  one  of  his  especiall  servants,  with  his  letters,  excusing 
himself  that  he  had  not  sooner  sent  unto  them,  promising  all  his  possible  power  and  good-will,  and 
that  he  would  (employ)  for  the  advancement  of  the  University,  his  words,  his  deeds,  his  purse,  and  all 
that  he  had." — See  before,  p.  154. 


158  THE    ftUEEN's   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  15()4. 

VIII.  The  farther  Order  and  Preparation  for  the  Reception  of  her  Majesty  on  the 

day  of  her  coming;  viz.  5  Aug.  I5641. 

1.  At  two  a  clock  all  the  whole  University,  at  the  ringing  of  the  University 
bell,  assembled  at  King's  College.  And  there,  by  the  Chancellor,  Vice-chancellor, 
Proctors,  and  Bedells,  were  set  in  order ;  and  straightly  charged,  '  every  man  to 
keep  their  place.'     And  all  other,  i  not  to  mingle  themselves  with  them/ 

2.  First,  at  the  corner  at  the  Queen's  College  and  Martin  Gill's  house,  was  set 
a  great  falling-gate,  with  a  lock  and  staple.  From  that  place,  unto  the  King's 
College  Church  West  door,  stoode,  upon  both  sides,  one  by  one,  all  the  University. 
From  the  gate  stood  the  Scholars ;  then  the  Batchellors  of  Arts ;  then  the 
Batchellors  of  Law ;  then  the  Master  Regents ;  then  the  Non  Regents  and 
Batchellors  of  Divinity.  Then,  at  last,  the  Doctors  in  their  degree ;  and  every 
one  in  [their]  habits  and  hoods.  The  last  Doctor  and  the  Vice-chancellor  stood 
upon  the  lowest  greese  of  the  West  doore.     And  by  him  the  three  Bedells. 

3.  The  whole  lane,  between  the  King's  College  and  the  Queen's  College,  was 
strawed  with  rushes,  and  flags  hanging  in  divers  places,  with  coverlets,  and  boughes; 
and  many  verses  fixed  upon  the  wall. 

4.  St.  Austin's  lane  was  boarded  up,  for  the  keeping  of  these  ways,  and  for 
observing  of  order.  And,  that  no  person  should  stand  there  but  Scholars,  there 
were  appointed  eight  men  as  tipt-staves.  And  the  great  South  gate  of  the  King's 
College  was  kept  by  the  Queen's  porters :  who  received  such  charge,  that,  after 
the  Queen's  train  was  entered,  they  should  suffer  none  to  come  in. 

5.  All  the  Scholars  had  in  commandment,  at  the  Queen's  Majestie's  passing  by 
them,  to  cry  out,  "  Vivat  Regina,"  lowly  kneeling.  And,  after  that,  quietly  and 
orderly  to  depart  home  to  their  Colleges ;  and,  in  no  wise  to  come  to  the  Court, 
the  Disputations,  or  to  the  Plays.  And  if,  upon  some  just  occasion,  they  were 
enforced  to  goe  into  the  Towne ;  that  then  they  should  go  two  and  two  ;  upon  a 
great  pain. 

6.  The  King's  College  Church  was  hanged  with  fine  tapestry,  or  arras  of  the 
Queen's,  from  the  North  Vestry  dore,  round  by  the  Communion-table,  unto  the 
South  Vestry  dore ;  and  all  that  place  strawed  with  rushes.  The  Communion- 
table and  Pulpit  hanged  richly. 

7.  Upon  the  South  side,  about  the  middle  between  the  Vestry  dore  and  the 

1  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  156*4.  159 

Communion-table  (which  stood  North  and  South)  was  hanged  a  rich  travas  of 
crimson  velvet,  for  the  Queen's  Majestie ;  with  all  other  things  appertaining. 

8.  Also  a  fair  closet  glazed  towards  the  Quire  was  devised  and  made,  in  the 
middle  of  the  rood  loft;  if  the  Queen's  Majestie  perhaps  would  there  repose  her- 
self; which  was  not  occupied. 

9.  The  place,  between  the  North  and  South  and  West  doors  of  the  Church  was 
strawed  with  rushes,  being  not  paved.  And,  in  the  middle,  -between  the  North 
and  South  doors,  a  fair  Turky  carpet  laid ;  and,  upon  that,  a  little  joined  short 
forme  set,  covered  also  with  one  other  Turky  carpet ;  and  one  cushion  to  kneel 
upon,  and  one  other  to  lean  upon,  of  cloth  of  gold  ;  and  thereon  was  laid  the 
Bible  in  Latin.  All  these  were  of  the  Queen's  stuff.  Also  there  was  set  a  chair 
of  red  velvet  for  her  Majestie  to  have  set  in,  whilst  she  heard  the  Oration,  if  she 
had  forsaken  her  horse. 

10  [On]  the  part  of  the  College,  Mr.  Doctor  [Philip]  Baker,  with  all  his  com- 
pany, was  in  copyes,  standing  in  a  length,  from  the  Quire  doore,  unto  the  North 
and  South  doors,  orderly,  as  in  procession  wise. 

1 1 .  The  bells  both  of  the  Colleges  and  also  of  the  Towne  were  rung  most  part 
of  the  afternoon.  And  such  Churches  as  were  negligent  herein,  were  afterwards 
called  upon,  and  were  fined,  some  8*.  4d.  some  more,  some  less.  Order  also  was 
taken,  that,  upon  the  Queen's  coming  to  the  Church  doore,  all  the  bells  should 
cease,  that  her  Majestie  might  hear  the  Oration. 

IX.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Arrival  and  Reception  at  Cambridge,  on  Saturday 

5  August  1564  l. 

1.  All  things  being  in  this  wise  ordered,  the  Queen's  Majestie  came  from  Mr. 
Worthington's  house  at  Haslingfield,  where  she  lay  all  night,  by  Grantchester. 
And,  by  the  way,  the  Duke's  Grace  of  Norfolk,  the  Earl  of  Sussex,  the  Bishop 
of  Ely  [Richard  Cox],  and  divers  other  honorable  personages,  met  with  her  Ma- 
jestie, and  so  conveyed  her  toward  the  town.      > 

2.  The  Major  of  the  Town,  called  Robert  Lane,  with  the  Aldermen,  and  all 
the  Burgesses,  with  the  Recorder,  met  with  her  Majestie,  a  little  above  Newnham, 
on  horseback  ;  and  there  alighted,  and  did  their  duties,  and  made  by  the  Recorder 
an  oration  in  English. 

3.  Then  the  Major  delivered  the  mace,  with  a  fair  standing  cup,  which  cost 

'  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


160  THE    GtUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564. 

^£.19,  and  20  of  old  angels  in  it.  Which  her  Majesty  received  gently;  and  re- 
delivered the  mace  to  the  Major,  and  tooke  the  cup,  &c.  to  one  of  her  footmen, 
and  so  came  to  Newnham  Mills  (the  Major  riding  with  the  mace  before  her 
Majestie).  And  there  (being  requested  to  change  her  horse)  she  alighted,  and 
went  into  the  miller's  yard  and  house  for  a  little  space.  And  so  took  horse,  and 
came  forward. 

4.  Sir  William  Cecyl  all  this  [while1]  sate  upon  his  horse  at  the  gate  beyond 
the  Queen's  College,  and  caused  certain  of  the  guard  to  keep  the  [streete  2],  with 
strict  commandment  as  was  given  before :  and  turned  all  the  trayne  into  the 
towne,  saving  the  Lords  and  Chief  Officers  appointed  to  wait  upon  her  Grace. 

5.  Then  came  the  Trumpetters,  and,  by  solemn  blast,  declared  her  Majestie  to 
approach.  Then  followed  the  Lords  in  their  order  and  degree.  Her  Almoner, 
the  Bishop  of  Rochester  [Edmund  Gheast]  bareheaded  ;  with  the  Bishop  of  Ely. 
Then  Garter  King  at  Arms,  in  his  Royal  cote  ;  with  divers  Sergeants  at  Arms. 
Then  the  Lord  Hunsdon  with  the  sword  in  a  Royal  scabbard  of  goldsmith's  work. 
And  after  him,  the  Queen's  Majestie,  (with  a  great  companie  of  Ladies  and  Maids 
of  Honor)  who,  at  the  entring  at  Queen's  College,  was  informed,  by  Mr.  Secre- 
tary, of  the  Scholars,  of  what  sort  they  were.  And  the  like  he  did  of  all  other 
companies  and  degrees. 

6.  When  her  Majestie  was  about  the  middle  of  the  Scholars  or  Sophisters,  two, 
appointed  for  the  same,  came  forth,  and  kneeled  before  her  Grace:  and,  kissing 
their  papers,  exhibited  the  same  unto  her  Majestie.  Wherein  were  contained  two 
Orations  gratulatory  ;  the  one  in  verse,  the  other  prose.  Which  her  Highness  re- 
ceived, and  gave  them  to  one  of  the  footmen.  The  like  was  observed  and  done  by 
the  Batchellours  of  Arts  ;  and  of  two  Masters  of  Arts.  And  so  she  was  brought 
among  the  Doctors  ;  where  all  the  Lords  and  Ladies  did  forsake  their  horses  ;  and 
her  Majestie  only  remained  on  horseback. 

7.  [She  was  dressed]  in  a  gown  of  black  velvet  pinked:  a  call  upon  her  head, 
set  with  pearles  and  pretious  stones  ;  a  hat  that  was  spangled  with  gold,  and  a 
bush  of  feathers. 

8.  The  Major  of  the  Town,  riding  before  her  Majestie  bareheaded,  stayed  him- 
self at  the  King's  College  South-gate;  as  acknowledging  that  he  had  no  authority 
or  jurisdiction  in  that  place.  Of  this  he  was  advertised  the  day  before  by  Mr. 
Secretary. 

1  Harl.  MS.  «  time."  *  Harl.  MS.  "  strayte." 


THE    aUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  I564.  l^1 

9.  When  the  Queen's  Majestie  came  to  the  West  doore  of  the  Church,  Sir 
William  Cecyl  kneeled  downe  and  welcomed  her  Grace  ;  shewing  unto  her  the 
order  of  the  Doctors.  And  the  Bedells,  kneeling,  kissed  their  staves ;  and  so 
delivered  them  to  Mr.  Secretary  ;  who  likewise  kissed  the  same,  and  so  delivered 
them  to  the  Queen's  hands:  who  could  not  well  hold  them  all.  And  her  Grace 
gently  and  merrily  re-delivered  them,  '  willing  him  and  other  Magistrates  of  the 
University,  to  minister  justice  uprightly,  as  she  trusted  they  did.  Or  she  would 
take  them  into  her  own  hands,  and  see  to  it.'  Adding,  f  that,  although  the  Chan- 
cellor did  hault  (for  his  leg  was  sore,  as  is  beforementioned)  ;  yet  she  trusted  that 
Justice  did  not  hault.' 

X.  The  Orator's  Speech  1. 

1.  Then  her  Highness  was  advertised,  that  the  University  by  their  Orator 
would  speak  unto  her  Majestie.  Whereupon  she  enquired  for  the  Orator,  and 
willed  him  to  begin. 

2.  Then  Mr.  William  Master,  of  the  King's  College,  Orator,  making  his  three 
curtesies,  kneeled  downe  upon  the  first  greese  or  step  of  the  West  door  (which  was, 
on  the  walls  outward,  covered  with  verses),  and  made  his  Oration,  of  length  almost 
half  an  hour.     Containing  in  effect  these  things: 

3.  '  First,  he  praised  and  commended  many  and  singular  virtues  set  and  planted 
in  her  Majesty.'  Which  her  Highness  not  acknowledging  of,  [she]  shaked  her 
head,  bit  her  lips  and  her  fingers ;  and  sometimes  broke  forth  [into  passion  2], 
and  these  words,  "  Non  est  Veritas,  et  utinam — — ." 

4.  '  Praising  virginity/  she  said  to  the  Orator,  '  God's  blessing  of  thyne  heart ; 
there  continue.' 

5.  After  he  shewed, '  What  joy  the  University  received  of  her  presence.  Of 
the  antiquity  of  the  University,  which  is  much  older  than  Oxford  or  Paris ;  and 
out  of  the  which,  as  out  of  a  most  clear  fountain,  they  sprang.  Of  the  foundation 
of  most  part  of  the  Colleges  :  where  he  at  large  followed  the  whole  state,  founda- 
tion, and  fortune  of  the  King's  College.' 

6*.  [So  much  of  his  Speech  as  concerns  the  antiquity  of  this  University  shall  be 
here  inserted  at  large  ;  because  it  occasioned  the  dispute  afterwards  between  Caius 
of  Oxford  and  Caius  of  Cambridge. 

1  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey.  s  Harl.  MS.  *'  in  these  passions.' 

VOL.  I.  Y 


l6*2  THE    GLUEEn's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,   1564. 

7.  ] '  Superest  adhuc,  excellentissima  Princeps,  cum  posita  sint  breviter  multo- 
rum  Collegiorum  incunabula;  ut  ipsa  Academia  nostra,  quando  esse  cceperit, 
paucis  explicetur. 

8.  'Historia  nostra  scriptum  est,  a  Cantabro  quodam  Hispaniae  principe,  (cum, 
domestico  tumultu  patria  ejectus,  in  nostrum  regnum  appulisset)  Gurguntii  tem- 
poribus,  fuisse  extructam. 

g.  (  Hujus  autoris  sententiae  Lelandus  et  vanitatis  arguens  et  mendacii,  Sigeber- 
tum  regem  facit  academies  nostras  conditorem.  In  quo  perniciosum  reliquit  exem- 
plum  nimis  curiose  in  bistorias  inquirendi,  et  sibi  etiam  parum  consuluit.  Nam, 
cum  ipse  tarn  multis  non  credat  mirabiliter  in  hoc  conspirantibus,  quis  paulo 
magis  consideratus  ei  soli  fidem  putabit  esse  adhibendam  ? 

10.  e  Sed,  sive  ad  hunc,  sive  ad  ilium  autorem  referatur,  illud  constat  inter 
omnes,  Oxoniensi  academiam  nostram  multis  esse  annis  antiquiorem.  Nam  ilia 
ab  Aluredo  rege  dicitur  esse  instituta.  Quern,  omnes  sciunt,  et  Gurguntii  et 
Sigeberti  aetati  fuisse  multo  posteriorem. 

11.  e  Illud  preterea,  ad  magnam  nostram  gloriam,  omnes  una  voce  testificantur 
historian,  Oxoniensem  academiam  a  Cantabrigiensi  doctissimos  mutuatos  esse,  qui 
prima  ingenuarum  artium  incunabula  in  suo  gymnasio  traderent. 

12.  l  Parisiensem  etiam  (quasi  coloniam  a  nostra  academia  ductain)  Alcuinum 
nostrum,  Bedae  discipulum,  a  Carolo  magno  Gallorum  rege,  magnis  locupletatum 
beneficiis  habuisse ;  qui  discendi  cupidus,  quasi  ludum  quendam  bonarum  artium 
Lutetiis  primus  aperuit.'] 

13.  c  Last  of  all,  he  (falling  unto  the  praises  of  the  Lord  Robert  and  Sir  Wil- 
liam Cecyl)  humbly  required  of  her  Grace,  that  it  would  please  her  to  hear  them 
in  all  such  things  as  the  University  should  intend  or  purpose  for  her  Majesty's 
Entertainment.' 

14.  When  he  had  done,  she  much  commended  him,  and  much  marvelled  that 
his  memory  did  so  well  serve  him,  repeating  such  diverse  and  sundry  matters  ; 
saying,  e  That  she  would  answer  him  again  in  Latin,  but  for  fear  she  should  speak 
false  Latin  ;  and  then  they  would  laugh  at  her.'  But  in  fine,  in  token  of  her 
contentation,  she  called  him  unto  her  presence,  and  offered  him  her  hand  to  kiss ; 
requiring  his  name  ? 

»  E  Collect.  MS.  Clar.  Bakeri,  vol.  X.  D.  185. 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,   15^4-  16*3 

XI.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reception  and  Entertainment  in  King's  College  Chappel, 
and  in  King's  College,  on  Saturday,  5  August  1564  *. 

1.  Then  she  alighted  from  her  horse,  and  asking,  [of]  what  degree  every  Doc- 
tor was  ?  offered  her  hand  to  be  kissed.  And  [then]  four  of  the  principal  Doc- 
tors [viz.  Edmund  Hawford,  S.  T.  P.  Master  of  Christ's  College,  and  at  that 
time  Vice-chancellor  ;  Andrew  Perne,  S.  T.  P.  Master  of  Peter  House  ;  John 
Porie,  Master  of  Corpus  Christi  College  ;  and  Francis  Newton,  S.  T.  P.]  bearing 
a  canopy,  she,  under  the  same,  entred  into  the  Church,  and  kneeled  down  at  the 
place  appointed,  between  the  two  doors  North  and  South  ;  the  Lady  Strange 
bearing  the  traine :  and  all  the  other  Ladies  followed  in  their  degrees* 

2*  Then  the  Provost,  revested  in  a  rich  cope  all  of  needle-work  (standing  about 
four  yards  from  the  Queen,  directly  towards  the  Quire,  in  the  middle  of  his  com- 
pany kneeling  of  both  sides)  made  his  obeysance  and  courtesies  three  times,  coming 
towards  her  Majestic  At  the  last,  kneeling  hard  at  her  stoole,  he  kissed  his  hand, 
and  so  pointed  unto  the  psalme,  "  Deus  misereatur ;"  inquiring,  c  Whether  it 
would  please  her  Majestie  to  answer  and  say  with  him  ?'  And,  understanding  that 
she  would  pray  privately;  he  likewise  privately  said  the  said  psalme,  and,  after  that 
a  collect  for  the  Queen.  Which  done,  the  whole  Quire  begun  to  sing,  in  English,  a 
song  of  gladness  ;  and  so  went  orderly  into  their  stalls  in  the  Quire.  The  Queen 
following,  and  going  into  her  travys,  under  the  canopy;  and,  marvellously  [revis- 
ing2] at  the  beauty  of  the  Chappel,  greatly  praised  it,  above  all  other  within  her 
Realme. 

3.  This  song  ended,  the  Provost  began  the  "  Te  Deum,"  in  English,  in  his 
cope  :  which  was  solemnly  sung  in  prick-song,  and  the  organs  playing. 

4.  After  that,  he  began  Even-song,  which  also  was  solemnly  sung  :  every  man 
standing  in  his  cope. 

5.  Which  being  ended,  the  Queen's  Majestie  came  forth  of  her  traverse,  and 
went  towards  the  lodging  by  a  privy  way,  made  through  the  East  window  of  the 
North  Vestry  door  as  before.  And  as  she  went,  she  '  thanked  God  that  had  sent 
her  to  this  University,  where  she,  altogether  against  her  expectation,  was  so  re- 
ceived, that  she  thought,  she  could  not  be  better.' 

6.  During  all  this  time  of  prayer,  the  Lords  and  other  honourable  persons,  with 

1  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey.  s  Harl.  MS.  "  reviling." 


164  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564. 

the  Doctors,  sate  on  the  high  stalls.  And  [afterwards  betwixt]  the  doors  and  walls 
of  the  Vestry  and  [the]  porch  of  the  Provost's  place  (which  was  now  the  Court) 
stood  the  two  Proctors,  and,  by  my  Lord  Robert  and  Mr.  Secretary,  presented  unto 
her  Majestie,  in  the  name  of  the  University,  four  pair  of  Cambridge  double  gloves, 
edged  and  trimmed  with  two  laces  of  fine  gold;  and  six  boxes  of  fine  comfitts  and 
other  conceits  (devised  and  provided  at  London  by  Mr.  Osborne  of  the  Exchequer, 
late  [a]  scholar  of  Cambridge,  at  the  [appointment J]  of  Mr.  Secretary  ;)  which 
she  thankfully  took,  and  so  went  to  her  chamber.     And 

7.  The  Bedells,  receiving  Mr.  Chancellor  at  the  same  place,  went  before  him 
with  their  staves  to  his  lodging,  he  riding  upon  a  little  black  nagg. 

[XII.  An  account  of  the  sundry  Places  where  the  Court  and  the  several  Offices 
thereunto  belonging  were  kept  at  Cambridge,  during  this  the  Queen's  stay 
there  2. 

1.  The  Choristers'  School  was  made  the  Buttery. 

2.  The  Pantry  and  Ewry  were  two  Chambers  in  the  King's  College. 

3.  The  open  Kitchens  and  Skulleryes  were  raised  against  S.  Austin's  wall. 

4.  The  Cellar,  in  the  Provost's  Buttery. 

5.  The  Councell  Chamber,  in  the  South  Vestry. 

6.  The  Guard  Chamber,  was  the  Lower  Hall  of  the  Provost's  Place. 

7.  The  Chamber  of  Presence,  the  Lodging  over  that. 

8.  The  Gallery  and  other  Chambers  served  for  the  Queen's  Lodging.] 

[XIII.  The  several  Places  where  the  Nobles,  &c.  were  lodged  at  Cambridge, 

during  this  the  Queen's  stay  there3. 

1.  The  Earl  of  Warwick  and  the  Lord  Robert  were  lodged  in  Trinity  College. 

2.  The  Duke,  at  Mr.  Ray's,  Alderman. 

3.  The  Lord  Chamberlayn  and  the  Lord  Clinton,  at  Trinity  Hall. 

4.  The  Lord  Hunsdon,  at  Clare  Hall. 

5.  The  Earl  of  Sussex,  at  Katherine  Hall. 

6*.  The  Earl  of  Oxford,  the  Earl  of  Rutland,  and  the  Secretary,  at  S.  John's 
College. 

'  Harl.  MS.  '*  assignment."  *  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 

3  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


THE    GIUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   156*4.  1 65 

7.  The  Cofferer,  the  Masters  and  other  Officers  of  the  Houshold,  at  Queen's 
College. 

8.  Mr.  Doctor  Haddon,  the  Lady  Strange,  and  divers  other  Ladies,  in  the 
Fellows  Chamber  in  King's  College. 

0.  The  Maids  of  Honour  and  the  Physitians,  atGunvil  and  Caius  College.] 

XIV.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Entertainment  at  King's  College, 
on  Sunday,  6  August  I5641. 

1.  Sunday  in  the  morning  (being  the  6  of  August)  the  Bedells  brought  the  High 
Chancellor  with  their  staves  unto  the  Court ;  viz.  unto  the  porch  of  the  Provost's 
Place.  (For  you  must  go  at  no  time  farther,  bearing  up  your  staves.)  And  then, 
by  his  commandment,  warned  all  the  Doctors  to  give  their  attendance  at  the 
Court,  at  such  times  as  the  Queen's  Majestie  would  goe  to  Church. 

2.  Morning  prayer  was  done  between  seven  and  eight;  unto  which  came  divers  of 
the  Lords.  For  whose  better  placing  none  of  the  [Collectors2],  but  Masters  of  Arts, 
sat  in  the  higher  stalls  ;  and  they  next  unto  the  Vestry  doors;  the  Provost  sitting 
hard  by  them.  The  Batchellours,  Priests,  and  Clerks,  in  the  lower  seats.  And 
the  Scholars,  on  the  formes  of  the  Choristers. 

3.  When  mattens  were  ended,  every  man  repaired  unto  the  Court  gate,  to  wait 
upon  the  Queen.  All  the  Doctors,  saving  the  Physicians,  in  their  gowns  of  scar- 
let, as  they  went  continually,  as  long  as  the  Queen  tarried.  And  so  accordingly, 
two  and  two,  as  they  were  in  degree  and  seniority,  stood. 

4.  At  the  Queen's  coming,  all  the  Gentlemen  under  the  degree  of  Knights  went 
first.  Then  (by  the  Gentleman  Usher  called  Mr.  Foster)  were  appointed  the  Doc- 
tors. After  them  the  Knights.  Then  the  Lords  after  them  ;  with  the  Gentleman- 
Usher  and  the  [Serjeants  3]  at  Arms.  Immediately  before  the  sword  went  the  three 
Bedells,  bearing  their  staves  as  they  customably  doe.  And  so  the  Queen,  on  foot, 
came  unto  the  North  dbore  of  the  Church  ;  which  was  kept  with  Yeomen  of  her 
guard.  And  so  was  the  Quire-door  also.  To  whome  by  Mr.  Secretary  command- 
ment was  given,  that  they  should  surfer  none  to  enter,  but  the  Masters  of  Arts 
coming  in  their  habit  to  the  Sermon  ad  clerum. 

5.  At  the  said  Church  doore  foure  of  the  eldest  Doctors  carried  a  canopy  over 
her  Majestie  to  her  travis.    Incontinently  began  the  Letany.    And,  after  that,  Mr. 

•  From  the  same  MS.  Copied  by  Dr.  Grey.        »  Harl.  MS.  "  College."       »  Harl.  MS.  "  Servants." 


\66  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  156*4. 

Andrew  Perne,  D.  D.  ready  in  his  Doctor's  cope,  was,  by  the  Bedells,  brought  to 
the  pulpit,  which  stood  over  against  her  travis.  Which  her  Highness  caused  to  be 
drawn  open.  And  so,  at  the  end  of  the  stoole  did  sit  downe,  and  was  seene  of  all 
the  people  [at1]  the  time  of  the  Sermon. 

6.  The  Preacher,  after  he  had  done  his  duty,  in  craving  leaving  by  his  three  cur- 
tesys,  and,  so  kneeling,  stood  up,  and  began  his  matter,  having  for  his  theme, 
Omnis  anima  subdita  sit  potestatibus  super eminentibus. 

7.  About  the  midst  of  his  Sermon,  her  Majestie  sent  the  Lord  Hunsdon  to  will 
him  to  put  on  his  cap  :  which  he  did  unto  the  end.  At  which  time,  or  he  could 
get  out  of  the  pulpit,  by  the  Lord  Chamberlayn  she  sent  him  word,  that e  it  was  the 
first  [Sermon]  that  ever  she  heard  in  Latin  ;  and,  she  thought,  she  should  never 
hear  a  better.'  And  then  the  Quire  sung,  in  prick-song,  a  song.  Which  done, 
she  departed  to  her  Palace  by  the  secret  way  ;  the  four  Doctors  bearing  the  canopy 
as  before.  Which  the  footmen  as  their  fee  claimed :  and  it  was  redeemed  for 
^.3.  6s.  Sd. 

8.  This  day  Mr.  Chancellor  called  the  Vice-Chancellor  to  dinner,  with  the  Bedells. 
And  afterwards  sent  to  them  five  bucks,  to  bestowe  upon  the  University.  He 
also  sent  one  unto  the  Bedells.  Also  the  Lord  Robert  sent  ten  for  that  purpose 
and  end. 

9.  At  evening  prayer  the  company  of  King's  College,  being  informed  that  the 
Queen's  Majestie  would  not  come  unto  the  same,  began  and  did  sing.  And  then, 
being  advertised  that  her  Grace  was  coming,  staid.  And  when  she  was  come  unto 
her  travis  by  the  secret  way,  they  of  new  did  begin  the  even-song. 

10.  Which  ended,  she  departed  back,  by  the  same  way,  to  the  play  "  Aulularia 
Plauti."  For  the  hearing  and  playing  whereof,  was  made,  by  her  Highnes*  sur- 
veyor and  at  her  own  cost,  in  the  body  of  the  [King's  College]  Church,  a  great 
stage  containing  the  breadthof  the  Church  from  the  one  side  to  the  other,  that  the 
Chappels  might  serve  for  Houses.  In  the  length  it  ran  two  of  the  lower  Chappels 
full,  with  the  pillars  on  a  side. 

11.  Upon  the  South-wall  was  hanged  a  cloth  of  state,  with  the  appurtenances 
and  half-path,  for  her  Majesty. 

12.  In  the  rood-loft,  another  stage  for  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  to  stand  on.  And 
the  two  lower  tables,  under  the  said  rood-loft,  were  greatly  enlarged  and  rayled 
for  the  choyce  officers  of  the  Court. 

1  Harl.  MS.  "  all." 


THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564.  l6*7 

13.  There  was,  before  her  Majesty's  coming,  made  in  the  King's  College  Hall, 
a  great  stage.  But,  because  it  was  judged  by  divers  to  be  too  little,  and  too  close 
for  her  Highness  and  her  company,  and  also  far  from  her  lodging,  it  was  taken 
down. 

14.  When  all  things  were  ready  for  the  plays , the  Lord  Chamberlayn,  with  Mr. 
Secretary,  came  in  ;  bringing  a  multitude  of  the  guard  with  them,  having  every 
man  in  his  hand  a  torch-staff,  for  the  lights  of  the  play  (for  no  other  lights  were 
occupied) ;  and  would  not  suffer  any  to  stand  upon  the  stage,  save  a  very  few  upon 
the  North  side.  And  the  guard  stood  upon  the  ground,  by  the  stage  side,  hold- 
ing their  lights.  From  the  Quire  doore  unto  the  stage  was  made  as  'twere  a 
bridge,  rayled  on  both  sides  ;  for  the  Queen's  Grace  to  go  to  the  stage  ;  which  was 
straightly  kept. 

15.  At  last  her  Highness  came,  with  certain  Lords,  Ladies,  and  Gentlewomen ; 
all  the  Pensioners  going  on  both  sides,  with  torch  staves.  But  the  sword  was  not 
carried,  neither  the  maces.  And  so  took  her  seat,  and  heard  the  play  fully.  Which 
was  played  by  certain  selected  Persons,  chosen  out  of  all  Colleges  of  the  town,  at 
the  discretion  of  Mr.  Roger  Kelke  *,  D.  D.  who  was  by  the  Vice-chancellor  and 
Heads  of  Colleges  specially  appointed  to  set  forth  and  to  teach  such  plays  as  should 
be  exhibited  before  her  Grace.  To  whom  were  joined  four  others  thought  mete 
for  that  charge,  chosen  out  of  the  four  principall  Colleges. 

16.  When  the  play  was  ended,  her  Majesty  departed  to  her  lodging  about 
twelve  of  the  clock  ;  in  such  order  as  she  came. 

XV.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Entertainment  at  S.  Mary's  Church,  in   Cambridge,  on 

Monday,  7  August  l6*542. 

1.  Upon  Monday,  at  eight  of  the  clock,  the  University  bell  did  sound  unto  the 
ordinary  Lectures.  For  the  Term,  by  publick  consent,  was  resumed  upon  Friday 
the  fourth  of  August,  to  continue  all  the  time  of  the  Queen's  abode  here.  And, 
during  that  space,  all  things,  touching  all  Lectures  and  disputations,  to  be  done  as 
fully  and  wholly,  as  at  any  other  time  and  season.  The  ordinaries  reading,  [Mr. 
Secretary]  with  other  Lords  and  Gentlemen  came  to  the  Schools,  and  heard  the 
Lectures,  as  well  of  physic,  dialect,  and  rhetorick,  as  of  divinity  and  law. 

'  This  Roger  Kelke  was  collated  Archdeacon  of  Stowe  5  May  1563      He  died  Jan.  6,  1575,  heing 
then  Master  of  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge.    See  his  Epitaph  in  Willis's  Cathedrals,  vol.  II.  p.  130. 
*  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


168  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,  156*4. 

2.  The  Divinity  [Lecture]  was  read  in  the  Logick  Schools  at  nine  o'clock.  For 
the  great  Divinity  School  was  fraught  with  wardrop  of  bedds ;  and  the  higher, 
with  the  office  of  the  spicery.  And  in  the  Little  Chappel  (where  the  Doctors 
usually  stand  at  Divinity  disputation)  was  placed  the  Groom  Porter. 

3.  At  nine  a  clock  was  a  Disputation  in  Art,  and  the  Master  brought  to  the 
Schools,  with  the  Bedells.  And  to  that  came  so  many  Lords  and  Gentlemen,  that 
no  man  could  stir  in  the  Schools.  The  Lords  commanded  the  Proctors,  and  Mr. 
Leyton  the  Disputer,  to  put  on  their  caps,  and  to  keep  and  observe  the  old,  an- 
tient  rites.  In  this  Disputation  Mr.  Secretary  ordered  the  same,  as  Moderator  ; 
and  none  departed  untill  the  end  of  the  Disputation. 

4.  Against  one  a  clock  was  provided  in  S.  Marie's  Church,  for  disputations,  a 
great  and  ample  stage,  from  the  wall  of  the  Belfrey-head  unto  the  Chancell.  In 
the  East  end  was  made  a  spacious  and  high  room  for  the  Queen's  Majestic  Which 
was,  by  her  own  servants,  richly  hanged  with  arras  and  cloth  of  state,  and  all  other 
necessaries,  with  a  cushion  to  lean  upon.  All  the  Disputations  were  driven  to 
that  part  of  the  stage. 

5.  And  because  both  the  sides  were  little  enough  for  the  Lords  and  Ladys,  new 
stages  were  devised  for  the  Doctors,  upon  both  the  sides,  fixed  to  the  side-posts 
being  some  space  above  those  who  sat  upon  the  forms,  and  yet  lower  than  the 
rayls  of  the  higher  stages. 

6.  The  Divines  sate  upon  the  South  side  ;  and  with  them,  next  to  the  Queen's 
feet,  Mr.  Secretary  as  Chancellour,  having  before  him  the  usual  cloth,  and  a  long 
velvet  cushion. 

7.  Upon  the  other  side  sate  the  Lawyers  and  Physicians,  next  the  Queen's  stage. 
With  whom  sate  Mr.  Doctor  Haddon,  Master  of  Requests,  in  his  seniority. 

8.  In  the  middle  almost  stood  the  Responsal's  seat,  looking  eastward.  Above 
that,  eastward,  sate  the  Batchellours  of  Divinity  on  both  sides,  with  the  Non-re- 
gents. And  last  of  all,  westward,  stood  the  Masters  of  Arts,  who  were  com- 
manded to  be  at  the  disputation.  All,  save  the  Doctors,  were  in  their  habits 
and  hoods. 

9.  And  here  it  is  to  be  noted,  that  great  inquisition  was  made,  both  at  this  time 
and  yesterday's  Sermon  ad  clerum,  and  some  fault  found,  as  well  by  the  Prince  as 
by  other  of  the  Nobility,  why  some  Masters  Regents  went  in  white  silk,  and  others 
in  mynever l  ?     Also  some  Masters  were  noted  by  the  Queen's  Majestie  to  be  but 

1  A  skin  speckled  with  streaks  of  white. 


THE    Q,UEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  I564.  16*0 

Masters ;  because  their  habits  and  hoods  were  torn  and  too  much  soiled.     Sed 
hose  hactenus. 

10.  The  Proctor's  stall  was  set  not  far  from  the  Responsalls,  under  the  Doctors 
of  Divinity.  And,  under  them,  sate  the  Proctors  of  the  University  of  Oxford  ; 
who,  by  common  consent,  and  speciall  commandment  of  that  whole  University, 
were  sent  hither,  with  their  Esquire  and  Principal  Bedell,  to  see  and  hear,  as  near 
as  they  could,  for  their  better  instructions  (if  it  should  fortune  the  Queen's  Ma- 
jestie  to  visit  that  Universitie)  all  our  doings,  order,  and  proceedings.  These  men 
went  daily  in  their  gowns  and  hoods,  and  were  very  well  used  of  all  men,  and 
especially  of  Mr.  Secretary  ;  by  whose  counsell,  one  of  them  confessed  unto  me  l3 
why  they  were  moved  to  come  hither.  They  were  daily  feasted  of  one  or  other. 
And  now,  by  especiall  commandment  of  Mr.  Secretary,  after  this  sort  placed  (as 
they  were  continually  placed)  and  sate  next  our  Proctors,  in  all  our  common 
and  open  doings. 

11.  When  all  things  were  ready,  and  after  the  ringing  of  the  University  bell, 
the  Queen's  Majestie  came  to  the  said  place,  with  royal  pomp.  At  whose  entering 
all  the  Graduates  kneeled,  and  cryed  modestly,  "  Vivat  Regina."  And  she 
thanked  them ;  and  after,  by  Mr.  Secretary,  understood  the  order,  difference,  and 
placing  of  every  person  within  the  Theatre. 

12.  Then  she  enquired,  f  What  the  Proctor's  seat  meant?'  And  (when  answer 
was  made,  that  '  It  was  for  the  Proctors  to  moderate  and  rule  the  disputation')  she 
asked  for  them  ?  Then  the  Bedells  brought  them  in  ;  who  kneeled  down.  Unto 
whom  she  gave  license  to  order  the  schools,  being  moved  thereunto  by  Mr.  Secre- 
tary ;  saying,  '  Omnia  fiant  ordine.' 

13.  When  the  Proctors  had  taken  their  place,  she  enquired,  '  of  the  other  seat 
appointed  for  the  Respondent?'     And,  when  her  Grace  perceaved  the  end  of  the 

1  The  author  of  this  account  was  probably  N.  Robinson.  For  he  wrote  a  Latin  relation  of  these 
things,  yet  extant  in  Mr.  Baker's  MS.  Collections,  vol.  X.  p.  181. 

'  One  Nicholas  Robinson,  a  Welshman,  and  D.  D.  of  Cambridge,  after  he  had  suffered  many  cala- 
mities for  the  Protestant  cause  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  became,  after  her  death,  Domestic  Chap- 
plain  to  Matthew  Parker,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  at  length  Bishop  of  Bangor.  Ath.  Ox.  vol.  I. 
col.  696.  Vir  fuit  prudens,  et  illis  humanioribus  Uteris  atque  theologia  non  minus  excultus,  quam 
Latina  patriaque  lingua  facundus,  &c.'  In  fine  Libri  de  Antiq.  Eccles.  Brit.  Edit.  MDLXXtVt.  in 
Matheo,  p.  14.  And  him  Mr.  Peck  takes  to  be  our  author ;  but  others  seem  to  ascribe  it  to  M. 
Stokys,  from  whose  MSS.  Mr.  Cole  transcribed  it  in  his  eleventh  volume  of  written  Curiosities,  now 
in  the  British  Museum. 

vol.  r.  z 


170  THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  I564. 

same,  and  the  Respondent  placed,  she  willed  c  all  to  stand  up  (for  till  that  time 
all  kneeled)  and  the  Disputations  to  begin,  and  to  have  the  questions  delivered 
unto  her  ?-'  The  Respondent,  named  Mr.  Thomas  Byng,  of  Peterhouse1,  delivered 
his  Oration  with  the  questions  to  the  Bedell,  he  to  Mr.  Secretary,  and  he  to  the 
Queen's  Highness. 

14.  Then  the  Proctors  accordingly  set  the  Respondent  to  his  Oration,  and  all 
were  permitted  to  sit.  (For  otherwise  of  order  none  were  permitted  to  sit  in  her 
presence.) 

15.  When  the  Respondent  had  ended  his  Oration,  four  Masters  of  Arts  (stand- 
ing near  her  [Grace's]  stage,  and  looking  westward)  replied.  With  whome  her 
Majestie  was  so  much  pleased,  that  she,  by  divers  gestures,  declared  the  same ; 
and  sundry  times  stayed  the  Proctors  from  taking  them  up.  And,  when  they  did 
cut  them  off,  she  seemed  to  be  offended,  saying,  '  If  she  had  the  moderation,  they 
should  not  have  been  so  abridged.' 

16*.  In  time  of  this  Disputation,  the  Bedells,  according  to  the  custome,  put  on 
their  quoifs  and  hoods,  and  so  entred,  and  kneeled  down.  Unto  whom,  after  she 
had  for  a  little  time  looked  upon  their  habit,  she  with  her  hand  beckened  to 
stand  up. 

17.  When  [the]  Disputation  was  ended,  Mr.  Doctor  Haddon,  asking  accord- 
ingly leave  of  her  Highness,  determined  the  questions  with  a  long  Oration.  The 
questions  were, 

I.  "  Monarchia  est  optimus  status  reipublicae  ?" 
II.  "  Frequens  legum  mutatio  est  periculosa  ?" 

18.  As  soon  as  this  Disputation  was  ended,  began  the  Act  of  Physick.  Dr.  Lor- 
kin,  taking  the  Responsall's  seat,  defended  first, 

I.  "  Simplex  cibus  praeferendus  multiplier" 
II.  "  Ccenandum  liberalius,  quam  prandendum." 

19.  First  the  Proctors  willed  the  Disputers  to  propound  the  questions.  Then 
Dr.  Caius,  as  antient  in  the  faculty,  moved  the  questions.  And  then  the  Re- 
spondent made  his  position2.  The  Doctors  in  their  order  did  dispute,  being  three. 

1  '  Thomas  Byng  was  afterwards  Orator  of  the  University  of  Cambridge  (in  the  place  of  William 
Master),  Master  of  Clare  Hall,  and  the  King's  Professor  of  the  Civil  Law  in  the  said  University.'  Fasti 
Oxon.  vol.  I.  col.  98. 

8  Harl.  MS  adds,  "  The  Queen  demanded  the  Questions  to  be  exhibited  unto  her ;  but  for  that  the 
Answerer  had  not  provided  the  same,  she  had  them  not.    After  he  had  ended  his  position,"  &c. 


THE  QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  CAMBRIDGE,  1564-  171 

But,  because  their  voices  were  small  and  not  audible,  her  Majestie  first  said  unto 
them,  "  Loquimini  altius."  And,  when  that  would  not  help,  she  left  her  seat,  and 
came  to  the  stage  over  their  heads  :  But,  because  their  voices  were  low,  and  yet 
she  could  not  well  hear  them,  her  Grace  made  not  much  of  that  Disputation. 

20.  The  questions  were  of  one  of  her  own  Physitians,  Doctor  of  this  University, 
named  Dr.  Hycke,  determined.  With  whom  her  Majestie  merrily  jested,  when 
he  desired  license  of  her  Grace. 

21.  After  he  had  ended  his  Oration,  being  about  seven  a  clock,  her  Highness 
very  merrily  departed  to  her  Palace.  And,  about  nine  of  the  clock,  came,  as  the 
night  before,  to  a  play,  called  Dido ;  which  was  exhibited  and  played  by  and  at 
the  charges  of  the  company  of  the  King's  College.  And  from  thence  to  her 
lodging. 

XVI.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Entertainment  at  King's  College,  on  Tuesday, 

8  August  15641. 

1.  Tuesday  the  eighth  of  August,  ordinary  lectures,  disputation,  and  frequenting 
of  the  same,  was  done  as  the  day  before. 

2.  In  the  afternoon  (when  all  things  were  prepared,  as  before,  for  the  Disputa- 
tion of  Divinity  and  Law)  her  Majesty,  of  other  considerations,  deferred  the  same 
till  the  next  day. 

3.  This  day  the  Lords  of  the  Councill  did  sit  in  the  South  Vestry,  called  Dr. 
Argentyn's  Chappell,  then  called,  the  Councells  Chamber. 

4.  At  night,  about  the  accustomed  houre,  and  in  the  same  manner,  her  High- 
ness came  to  the  play,  called  Ezechias,  in  English  ;  which  was  played  by  the 
King's  College,  and  the  charges  thereof  by  them  born.  And  then  her  Majestie 
went  to  her  rest. 

5.  This  day  also  order  was  taken,  that  her  Majestie  should  remain  here  one  day 
longer  then  at  the  first  it  was  appointed.  For  her  jestis  were  to  depart  upon  the 
Wednesday.  And  a  saying  was,  c  if  provision  of  beer  and  ale  could  have  been 
made,  her  Grace  would  have  remained  till  Friday ;'  her  Highness  was  so  well 
pleased  with  all  things. 

'  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


172  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,  156*4. 

XVII.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Entertainment  at  Clare  Hall,  King's  College,  Trinity 
Hall,  Gonville  and  Caius  College,  Trinity  College,  S.  John's  College,  Christi 
College,  Corpus  Christi  College,  Pembroke  Hall,  Peterhouse,  Queen's  College, 
and  Katharine  Hall,  on  Wednesdays  August  15641. 

1.  Wednesday  the  ninth  of  August,  after  the  ordinary  Lectures  and  Disputa- 
tions were  done,  about  six  of  the  clock  [in  the  morning]  the  Queen's  Majestie 
took  her  Progress  about  [to]  the  Colleges,  riding  in  state  royal  1 ;  all  the  Lords 
and  Gentlemen  riding  before  her  Grace ;  and  all  the  Ladies  following  on  horse- 
back. The  Bedells  waited  upon  her  Highness,  and  in  the  same  manner  and 
order  as  on  Sunday  before. 

2.  The  Maior  that  day  came  not  abroad,  which  was  noted  of  divers,  and 
thought  some  part  of  his  duty. 

3.  From  her  Palace,  she  went  first  to  Clare  Hall;  where  the  Master  [Edward 
Leeds,  LL.  D.]  waited  with  all  his  company  and  received  her  Majestie  with  an 
Oration. 

4.  Then  entered  her  Grace  into  the  King's  College,  where  the  Provost  [Philip 
Baker,  S.  T.  P.]  stood,  with  the  whole  houshold,  and  caused  an  Oration  to  be 
made  unto  her  Highness.  And  then  gave  unto  her  a  fair  book,  covered  with  red 
velvet,  containing  all  such  verses  as  his  company  had  made  of  her  Graces  coming. 
There  was  also  compiled,  in  the  same  book,  an  account  of  the  founder  of  the  said 
College ;  benefactors  ;  and  the  names  of  all  such  persons,  as  were  of  any  worthy 
memory,  which  had  been  brought  up  in  that  College.  Which  book  she  received 
with  a  mild  countenance,  and  delivered  to  one  of  her  footmen. 

5.  Here  is  to  be  noted,  that,  before  her  Majestie  came  to  towne,  by  advertise- 
ment of  Mr.  Secretary,  order  was  taken  for  making  of  two  books  to  be  exhibitted 
to  her  Grace.  In  the  one  should  be  written,  in  the  Roman  hand,  all  the  verses 
both  of  Greek  and  Latin,  Hebrew,  Caldee,  and  English,  which  were  made  of  her 
coming,  and  otherwise  set  up  in  divers  places  of  the  town;  as  is  mentioned  before. 
And  that  every  College  should  be  placed  by  itself  in  that  booke.  In  the  other 
should  be  copied  and  digested  the  Founders  and  Benefactors  of  every  College. 
The  names  of  every  company  at  this  present  time,  and  their  degrees ;  and  the 
names  of  all  those  which  had  been  brought  up  in  the  same,  which  had  come  to 

1  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 


THE    GIUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   15^4-  173 

some  great  estimation  in  the  world,  or  been  in  any  high  function,  as  Bishops, 
Embassadours,  or  any  special  or  entire  servant  of  the  Prince. 

6.  These  books  were  [accordingly]  made,  and  fairly  bound,  severally  ;  and 
delivered  to  Mr.  Secretary,  who  [delivered1]  the  same  unto  her  Highness.  And, 
riding  about  [to]  the  Colleges,  Mr.  Chancellour  carried  the  books  in  his  hands  ; 
and,  at  every  College,  perused  the  same. 

7.  From  the  King's  College  her  Majestie  rid  into  Trinity  Hall. 

8.  And  from  thence  to  Gunvill  and  Caius  College.  And,  in  both  places,  was 
received  with  an  Oration. 

9.  From  thence  she  departed  to  Trinity  College;  and,  riding  as  in  a  lane  in  the 
midst  of  her  company,  came  almost  to  the  East  gate,  where  the  Master  [Robert 
Beaumont]  stood,  and  caused  an  Oration  in  Greek  to  be  made  unto  her  Highness. 

10.  Then  she  went  into  St.  John's  College,  and,  riding  into  the  Hall,  had  there 
an  Oration. 

11.  From  thence  she  rode  to  Christ's  College  (leaving  Jesus  College,  because 
it  stood  far  out  of  the  way  ;  and,  in  her  journey  next  morning,  she  minded  to  see 
Magdalen  College).  At  Christ's  College  was  made  an  Oration  before  her  Majestie 
in  Greek  verses.  For  the  which  she  rendered  thanks  in  Greek.  And  the  Master 
[Edward  Hawford,  S.  T.  P.  then  also  Vicechancellor]  presented  unto  her  a  pair 
of  gloves,  in  remembrance  of  her  Grand-dame,  the  Lady  Margaret  Countess  of 
Richmond  and  Derby,  Foundress  of  that  College  and  St.  John's3. 

12.  From  thence  her  Grace,  by  the  Market-hill  and  Butchery,  came  to  Benet 
College.  And,  because  the  time  was  passed,  she  would  hear  no  Oration.  But 
the  Master  [John  Porie,  S.  T.  P.]  gave  her  a  pair  of  gloves,  and  certain  boxes 
of  comfits. 

13.  From  thence  she  went  into  Pembroke  Hall. 

14.  And  Peter  House.  And,  in  both  places,  heard  an  Oration.  And  at  Peter 
House  she  much  commended  the  son  of  Sir  Walter  Mildmay  3  ;  which,  being  a 
child,  made  a  very  neat  and  tri mm  Oration,  and  pronounced  it  very  aptly  and 
distinctly. 

1  Harl.  MS.  "  presented." 

9  Emanuel  and  Sydney  Colleges  were  not  then  founded.  The  former  of  these  was  founded  in  the 
year  1584,  by  Sir  Walter  Mildmay,  Chancellor  and  Under  Treasurer  of  the  Exchequer  :  and  the  latter 
in  1598,  by  Frances  Sydney,  Countess  of  Sussex. 

3  Anthony,  who  inherited  his  father's  estate  at  Apthorp,  in  Northamptonshire,  His  only  daughter 
married  Francis  Fane,  Earl  of  Westmoreland. 


174  THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  I564. 

15.  From  thence  her  Majestie  came  home,  by  the  Queen's  College,  and, 

\6.  S.  Katherine's  Hall;   only  perusing  the  Houses;  because  it  was  almost 

one  a  clock. 

1 7.  And  so  returning  to  her  lodging,  as  her  Grace  ridd  through  the  street,  she 

talked  very  much  with  divers  scholars  in  Latin;  [and],  at  her  lighting  off  her 

horse,  with  Latin  dismissed  them. 

XVIII.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Entertainment  at  St.  Mary's  Church,  in  the  Afternoon 

of  the  same  Day  l. 

1.  At  three  of  the  clock  the  University  bell  rang  to  the  Disputations  in  Divi- 
nity, unto  the  which  her  Majestie  came,  as  before.  And,  at  her  entrance,  Mr. 
Hutton,  who  defended  the  causes,  exhibited  thirteen  copies  of  his  conclusions, 
made  in  verses.  Whereof  one  was  delivered  unto  her  Highness  by  Mr.  Secretary. 
The  other  were  given  to  the  Noblemen  by  the  Bedell. 

2.  The  conclusions  were, 

I.  "  Major  est  authoritas  scripturae  quam  ecclesiae." 
II.  "  Civilis  magistratus  habet  authoritatem  in  rebus  ecclesiasticis." 
Five  of  the  eldest  Doctors  were  appointed  to  oppugn  the  first  question  ;  and 
the  rest  the  second. 

3.  In  the  Disputations  it  fortuned  that,  for  lack  of  time,  and  [through]  hast  to 
the  second  question,  Mr.  Dr.  [Philip]  Baker  [Provost  of  King's],  and  Mr.  Doctor 
[Francis]  Newton  s,  were  pretermitted  ;  and  Mr.  Dr.  [John]  Stokes  3,  S.  T.  P. 
President  of  Queen's  College]  senior  of  the  last  five,  ready  to  dispute  of  the  second. 
But  my  Lord  Chamberlayn  remembred  the  Queen's  Majesty  of  Dr.  Newton. 
Whereupon  he  was  commanded  to  dispute  briefly.  And  afterwards  put  in  mind 
by  my  Lord  Robert,  that  Mr.  Doctor  Baker  was  yet  left  behind  in  that  cause  to 
reply.     She  willed  him  to  dispute  also,  alledging  him  in  open  audience,  '  That 

1  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey, 

*  Francis  Newton,  S.  T.  P.  installed  Dean  of  Winchester,  2lMay  1565 ;  and  died  in  1570. 

*  John  Stokys,  or  Stokes,  D.  D.  of  Cambridge,  and  Provincial  of  the  Friar  Hermits  of  the  order  of 
St.  Augustin,  was  incorporated  D.  D.  of  Oxon,  anno  1512.  Fast.  Oxon.  vol.  I.  col.  19.  If  this  was  the 
same  person  with  our  disputant,  he  must  now  be  very  old :  and  it  is  not  impossible.  John  Stokys, 
President  of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  died  anno  1 568.  Le  Neve.     However,  Quaere  ? 


THE    ftUEEN's   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   CAMBRIDGE,  I564.  175 

he  was  her  host;  and  she  feared  to  lack  her  lodging  if  she  should  chance  to  come 
again  hereafter,  if  he  should  be  disappointed1.'     And  so  he  disputed. 

4.  After  him  disputed  two  Doctors  of  the  second  conclusion.  And  so,  because 
the  time  was  passed  (for  it  was  about  seven  a  clock)  the  other  Doctors  were  stayed. 
And  then  the  Reverend  Father  in  God,  Richard  [Cox,]  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely,  sit- 
ting in  his  Bishop's  weed,  between  Mr.  Secretary  and  the  Vicechancellor,  with  a 
solemn  Oration  determined  the  conclusions.  [For  the  night  coming  on  clean  took 
away  the  disputation  of  the  Lawyers;  which  were  but  two,  beside  the  Determiner.] 

5.  The  questions  ready  to  be  maintained  by  her  Reader,  Master  Clarke,  [of 
Clare  Hall,]  were, 

I.  "  Privatus  quilibet,  ut  munus  publicum  subeat,  cogi  potest  ?" 
II.  "  Mutuans  pecuniam,  ludenti  alese,  non  potest  repetere?" 

XIX.  Queen  Elizabeth's  Latin  Speech  to  the  University,  at  the  Conclusion  of 

her  Entertainment  in  St.  Mary's  Church2. 

1.  At  the  end  thereof  the  Lords,  and  especially  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  and  the 
Lord  Robert,  kneeling  down,  '  humbly  desired  her  Majesty  to  speak  something  to 
the  University,  and  in  Latin.'  Her  Highness  at  the  first  refused,  saying,  f  That 
if  she  might  speak  her  mind  in  English,  she  would  not  stick  at  the  matter.'  But 
(understanding  by  Mr.  Secretary,  '  That  nothing  might  be  said  openly  to  the 
University  in  English3)  she  required  c  him  the  rather  to  speak;  because  he  was 
Chauncellour,  and  the  Chauncellour  is  the  Queen's  mouth.'  Whereunto  he  an- 
swered, '  That  he  was  Chancellor  of  the  University,  and  not  hers.' 

*  As  much  pains  as  Queen  Elizabeth  took  to  compliment  Dr.  Baker,  nay,  and  '  though  he  was  the 
first  ecclesiastical  person  preferred  by  her  [it  seems  she  could  not  please  him].  For  he  was  a  zealous 
Papist  [in  his  heart],  though  he  had  hitherto  concealed  his  Religion  [as  lie  also  did  some  time 
longer] ;  discharging  his  office  of  Vicechancellor  commendably,  and  without  any  discovery  of  his 
opinions.  But  [in  1579]  being  questioned  for  his  Religion,  and  not  willing  to  abide  the  trial,  he  fled 
beyond  the  seas.  Even  such  who  dislike  his  judgment,  will  commend  his  integrity  3  for  (having 
much  of  the  College  money  and  plate  in  his  custody,  and  more  at  his  command)  aiming  to  secure,  not 
enrich  himself,  he  faithfully  resigned  all.  Yea,  carefully  sent  back  the  College  horses  which  carried 
him  to  the  sea-side.'  Fuller's  History-  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  p.  142.  '  He  was  deprived 
Feb.  22,  1569.'    Le  Neve. 

1  From  the  same  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 

»  Times  are  much  altered,  since  the  late  Chancellor,  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,  always  addressed  the 
University  in  English. 


176"  THE    aUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   15^4. 

2.  Then  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  kneeling,  said,  c  That  three  words  of  her  mouth 
were  enough.'     So,  being  moved  on  every  side,  she  spake  at  length  as  followeth1 : 

[3.  "  2Etsi  fceminilis  pudor,  clarissima  academia,  subditique  fidelissimi,  in 
tanta  doctorum  turba  inelaboratum  hunc  sermonem  et  orationem  me  prohibit 
apud  vos  narrare ;  tamen  nobilium  meorum  intercessio,  benevolentiaque  mea  erga 
academiam  [me]  aliquid  proferre  invitavit. 

4.  "  Duobus  stimulis  ad  hanc  rem  commoveor. 

5.  "  Primus  est,  bonarum  literarum  propagatio:  quam  multum  cupio  et  arden- 
tissimis  votis  exopto.     Alter  est,  vestra  (ut  audio)  [omnium]  expectatio. 

6*.  "  Quod  ad  propagationem  spectat,  unum  illud  apud  Demosthenem  memini, 
'  Superiorum  verba  apud  inferiores  librorum  locum  habent;  et  principum  dicta 
legum  authoritatem  apud  subditos  retinent.'  Hoc  itaque  unum  vos  omnes  in 
memoria  retinere  velim,  quod  semita  nulla  rectior,  nulla  aptior  erit,  sive  ad  bona 
fortunae  acquirenda,  sive  ad  principis  vestrae  benevolentiam  [Gratiam,  Fuller.'] 
conciliandum,  quam  ut  gnaviter  studiis  vestris  incumbatis,  ut  ccepistis.  Quod  ut 
faciatis,  vos  [omnes]  oro,  obsecroque. 

7.  ["  De  secundo  stimulo,  vestra  nimirum  expectatione,  hoc  unum3,  dico,  me 
nihil  libenter  praetermissuram  esse  ;  quod4  vestrae  de  me  animae  benevolae  conci- 
piunt  cogitationes.] 

8.  "  Jam  ad  academiam  venio.  Tempore  antemeridiano,  vidi  [ego]  aedificia 
vestra  sumptuosa,  a  meis  antecedentibus,  clarissimis  principibus,  literarum  causa 
extrucEa.  Et  inter  videndum,  dolor  artus  meos  occupavit,  atque  ea  mentis  sus- 
piria,  quae  Alexandrum  Magnum  [quondam]  tenuisse  fer[un]tur;  qui  cum  legisset 
multa  aliorum  principum  monumenta,  conversus  ad  familiarem,  seu  potius  con- 
siiiarium  suum,  multum  doluit,  '  aliquem  fuisse  qui  eum  tempore  vel  actis  prae- 
cessisset.'  Sic  ego  non  minus  dolebam,  cum  vestra  aedificia  videbam,  me  nihil 
adhuc  hujusmodi  fecisse. 

9.  "  Haec  tamen  vulgaris  sententia  me  aliquantulum  recreavit,  quae  etsi  non 
auferre,  tamen  minuere  possit  dolorem  meum  ;  quae  quidem  sententia  haec  est, 
*  Romam  uno  die  non  fuisse  conditam.' 

1  Note,  Fuller,  in  his  History  of  Cambridge,  p.  138,  gives  us  a  somewhat  different  copy  of  the 
Queen's  speech  from  that  which  follows.  That  which  follows  is,  however,  I  think  much  the  best. 
And  to  render  it  yet  more  complete,  the  words  inclosed  between  two  brackets  [  ]  are  added  from 
Fuller.     F.  Peck.  a  E  collect.  CI.  Bakeri,  vol.  X.  p.  c2<26. 

1  Lege,  uno,  F.  P.  4  Adde,  ad  complendum  sensum — tarn  alias.  F.  P, 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   156*4.  177 

10.  "  Non  est  enim  ita  senilis  mea  aetas,  aut  tam  longus  fait  gubernationis  mese 
ordo  [nee  tam  diu  fui  ex  quo  regnari  ccepi.  Fuller.^  quin,  ante  redditionem  debiti 
naturae,  (si  non  nimis  cito  Atropos  lineam  vitae  meae  amputaverit)  aliquod  opus 
eximium  faciam.  Et,  quamdiu  vita  hos  regit  artus,  nunquam  a  proposito 
deflectarn.  Et  si  contingat  (quod  quam  cito  futurum  sit  plane  nesciam)  me  mori 
oportere,  antequam  hoc  ipsum,  quod  polliceor,  complere  possim,  aliquod  tamen 
opus  egregium  post  mortem  relinquam,  quo  et  memoria  mea  Celebris  flat,  et  alios 
excitem  exemplo  meo  ;  et  vos  omnes  alacriores  faciam  ad  vestra  studia. 

11.  "  Sed  jam  videtis  quantum  intersit  inter  doctrinam  lectam1,  et  disciplinam 
animo  non  retentam.  Quorum  alterius  sunt  complures  [satis]  sufficientes  testes  ; 
alterius  autem  vos  omnes,  nimis  quidem  inconsiderate,  testes  hoc  tempore  effeci. 

12.  "  Nunc  tempus  est,  ut  aures  vestrae  hoc  barbaro  orationis  genere  tam  diu 
detentae,  tedio  liberentur.     E.  R.  A.     Dixi."] 

XX.  The  same  in  English2.     By  Mr.  Peck. 

1.  "  Although  that  womanly  shamefacedness,  most  celebrated  University,  and 
most  faithful  subjects,  might  well  determine  me  from  delivering  this  my  unlabored 
Speech  and  Oration  before  so  great  an  assembly  of  the  learned  ;  yet  the  intercession 
of  my  Nobles,  and  my  own  good  will  towards  the  University,  have  prevailed  with 
me  to  say  something. 

2.  And  I  am  perswaded  to  this  thing  by  two  motives  : 

3.  The  first  is,  the  increase  of  good  letters ;  which  I  much  desire,  and,  with  the 
most  earnest  wishes,  pray  for.     The  other  is,  as  I  hear,  all  your  expectations. 

4.  As  to  the  increase  of  good  letters,  I  remember  that  passage  in  Demosthenes 

1  Lege  rectum,  F.  P. 

2  The  Harl.  MS  thus  epitomised  the  Queen's  Speech:  "  Although  that  womanly  shamefacedness, 
and  the  multitude  of  learned  men,  did  discourage  her  to  speak  ;  yet,  at  the  request  of  such  honorable 
personages,  she  was  content  to  break  silence :  and  that  the  sooner,  that  she  had  read  in  Demosthenes, 
'  The  words  of  Princes  to  their  subjects,  to  be  as  law  and  a  great  encouragement ;'  as  she  trusted 
hers  should  be  to  all  that  company,  the  more  diligently  to  follow  their  learning.  And  as  Alexander, 
reading  the  noble  acts  of  others,  was  much  moved,  that  he  had  not  done  the  like ;  so  she  this  day, 
perusing  and  beholding  the  ample  and  large  buildings  and  foundations  of  many  good  and  virtuous 
men  and  women,  was  not  a  little  ashamed,  and  sorry,  that  she  had  not  yet  done  no  like  fact.  But  some- 
what it  did  confort  her  again,  the  she  long  had  not  been  in  the  possession  of  the  Imperiall  State  ;  and 
the  good-will  she  had  to  follow  these  good  and  noble  examples,  if  cruel  Atropos  should  not  cut  off  her 
vital]  live  too  soon,  /ml  if  Death  should  shorten  her  days,  yet  she  would  take  such  order,  that  she 
would  leave  a  perpetuall  memory  behinde  her." 

VOL.  I.  2  A 


178  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   1564- 

c  The  words  of  superiors  have  the  weight  of  books  with  their  inferiors ;  and  the 
sayings  of  Princes  retain  the  authority  of  laws  with  their  subjects.'  This  one 
thing  then  I  would  have  you  all  remember,  that  there  will  be  no  directer,  no  fitter 
course,  either  to  make  your  fortunes,  or  to  procure  the  favor  of  your  Prince,  than, 
as  you  have  begun,  to  ply  your  studies  diligently.  Which  that  you  would  do,  I 
beg  and  beseech  yoti  all. 

5.  As  to  the  other  motive,  to  wit,  your  expectations ;  I  only  say,  that  there  is 
nothing  I  should  rather  have  chose  to  have  let  alone  than  this  one  thing.  Because 
your  benevolent  minds,  I  perceive,  entertain  so  high  thoughts  of  me. 

6.  And  now  I  come  to  the  University  This  morning  I  have  beheld  your  sump- 
tuous edifices,  erected  by  several  most  illustrious  Princes,  my  ancestors,  for  the 
sake  of  learning.  And,  in  seeing  them,  a  grief  seized  me,  and  those  anxieties  of 
mind  which  are  said  once  to  have  caught  hold  of  Alexander  the  Great;  who,  when 
he  had  perused  the  many  monuments  of  other  Princes,  turning  to  his  favourite  or 
rather  counsellor,  much  lamented,  that  there  should  ever  have  lived  any  who  out- 
went him  either  in  time  or  actions.  So  no  less  did  I  grieve,  when  I  beheld  your 
structures,  that  I  as  yet  had  done  nothing  of  this  sort. 

7.  The  common  proverb,  which,  though  it  cannot  utterly  remove  my  concern, 
may  yet  assuage  it,  hath  nevertheless  a  little  comforted  me.  The  saying  I  mean 
is,  "  Rome  was  not  built  in  a  day." 

8.  For  my  age  is  not  yet  so  far  advanced,  nor  again  is  it  already  so  long  since  I 
began  to  reign,  but  that,  before  I  pay  my  last  debt  to  Nature  (if  cruel  Atropos  do 
not  too  soon  cut  the  thread  of  mv  life),  I  may  erect  some  passing  good  work.  And 
from  this  design,  as  long  as  I  have  any  life  left,  I  shall  never  depart.  And  if  it 
should  happen  (which  indeed  I  cannot  tell  how  soon  it  may)  that  I  must  die  before 
I  can  complete  this  thing,  which  I  now  assure;  yet  will  I  leave  some  famous  monu- 
ment behind  me,  whereby  both  my  memory  shall  be  renowned,  and  I,  by  my  ex- 
ample, may  excite  others  to  the  like  worthy  actions  ;  and  also  make  you  all  more 
ready  to  pursue  your  studies. 

a.  But  now  you  see  the  difference  between  true  learning,  and  an  education  not 
well  retained.  Of  the  one  of  which  you  yourselves  are  all  more  than  sufficient 
evidence ;  and  of  the  other  I,  too  inconsiderately  indeed,  have  made  you  all 
witnesses. 

10.  It  is  time  then  that  your  ears,  which  have  been  so  long  detained  by  this 
barbarous  sort  of  an  Oration,  should  now  be  released  from  the  pain  of  it." 


THE    GIUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,   156*4.  J  J9 

11.  But  to  return.]  At  this  [Speech  of  the  Queen's,  the  auditors,]  all  being 
marvelously  astonied,  and  inwardly  reviseing  [and  revolving  the  sence  of  it,  they 
presently]  spoke  forth  in  open  voice,  "  Vivat  Regina."  But  the  Queen's  Majesty 
said  on  the  other  side,  in  respect  of  her  Oration,  "  Taceat  Regina."  And  wished, 
;'  That  all  they  that  heard  her  Oration  had  drunk  of  the  flood  of  Lethe."  And  so 
her  Majestie  chearfully  departed  to  her  lodging. 

12.  Great  preparations  and  charges,  as  before  in  the  other  plays,  were  employed 
and  spent  about  the  Tragedy  of  Sophocles,  called  Ajax  Flagellifer,  in  Latin,  to  be 
this  night  played  before  her.  But  her  Highness,  as  it  were,  tyred  with  going  about 
[to]  the  Colleges,  and  [with]  hearing  of  Disputations,  and  over-watched  with 
former  Plays  (for  it  was  very  late  nightly  before  she  came  to  them,  as  also  departed 
from  [them]),  and  furthermore  minding  early  in  the  morning  to  depart  from  Cam- 
bridge, and  ride  to  a  dinner  unto  a  house  of  the  Bishop  of  Ely  at  Stanton  ;  and 
from  thence  to  her  bed  at  Hinchinbrook 1  (in  Huntingdonshire,  about  twelve 
miles  from  Cambridge),  could  not,  as  otherwise  no  doubt  she  would  (with  like 
patience  and  cheerfulness  as  she  was  present  at  the  other),  hear  the  said  Tra- 
gedy, to  the  great  sorrow,  not  only  of  the  players,  but  of  all  the  whole  Uni- 
versity. 

1  Hinchinbrook,  a  small  Priory  of  Benedictine  Nuns,  founded  by  William  the  Conqueror,   was 
granted  by  King  Henry  the  Eighth  to  Richard  Williams,  alias  Cromwell;  from  whom  it  descended  to 
his  grandson  Sir  Henry  Williams,  alias  Cromwell,  who  was   grandfather  to  Oliver  the  Protector.     Sir 
Henry  Williams  was   highly  respected  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  knighted  him  in  1563,  and  did  him 
the  honour  of  sleeping  at  Hinchinbrook  August  18,  1564,  on  her  return  from  visiting  the  University 
of  Cambridge.     He  was  in  the  House  of  Commons  in  1563,  as  one  of  the  Knights  for  the  County  of 
Huntingdon,  and  was  four  times  appointed  Sheriff  of  Huntingdon  and  Cambridgeshires  by  that  Sove- 
reign, viz.  in  7th,  13th,  2<2d,  and  34th  years  of  her  Reign,  and  in  the  20th  she  nominated  him  a  Commis- 
sioner, with  others,  to  enquire  concerning  the  draining  of  the  Fens  through  Clough's  Cross  and  so  to 
the  sea.  He  made  Huntingdonshire  the  entire  place  of  his  residence,  living  at  Ramsey  in  the  summer, 
and  Hinchinbrook  in  the  winter ;  he  repaired,  if  not  built  the  manor-house  at  Ramsey,  and  made  it 
one  of  his  seats.     He  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  dying  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1603-4  ;   and  was 
buried  in  All  Saints'  Church,  in  Huntingdon,  Jan.  7.— In  Noble's  Memoirs  of  the  Protectorate  House 
of  Cromwell  are  two  neat  views  of  Hinchinbrook,  which  is  now  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Sandwich, 
who  takes  from  it  his  second  title.     The  men's  apartments  or  cells,  are  now  entire,  and  are  used  as 
lodging-rooms  for  the  menial  servants  ;  their  common-room  was  what  is  now  the  kitchen ;  the  Church 
is  destroyed,  except  some  trifling  remains,  now  part  of  one  of  the  walls  of  the  house,  and  seem  to 
have  been  the  corner  of  the  tower  j  near  this  place,  in  lowering  the  flooring  a  few  years  ago,  one  or 
more  coffins  of  stone  were  found. 


180  THE    GtUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   I564. 

XXI.  The   names  of  the  several  Nobles  and  other  eminent  persons,  who  were 

created  M.  A.  on  Thursday,  10  August  I.5641. 

I.  Upon  Thursday  the  tenth  of  August,  early  in  the  morning,  was  called  a  con- 
gregation, against  eight  a  clock ;  in  the  which  divers  Lords  of  the  Garter,  and 
other  Noblemen,  were  made  Masters  of  Arts  ;  who  gently  accepted  the  offer  of 
the  University,  and  were  admitted,  and  promised  their  fidelity  to  the  University 
in  the  Chamber  of  Presence;  viz. 

1.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk.     [Thomas  Howard2.] 

2.  The  Earl  of  Sussex.     [Thomas  Ratclyf.] 

3.  The  Earl  of  Warwick.      [Ambrose  Dudley  3.] 

4.  The  Earle  of  Oxford.     [Edward  Vere.]    , 

5.  The  Earle  of  Rutland.     [Edward  Manners.] 

6.  The  Lord  Robert.      [Robert  Dudley.] 

7.  The  Lord  Clynton.      [Edward  Clynton.] 

8.  The  Lord  Hunsdon.      [Henry  Carew4.] 

9.  The  Lord  Chamberlayn.     [William  Howard5.] 

Others : 
10.  Sir  William  Cecyll,  Knt. 

II.  Sir  Francis  Knollys,  Knt. 

12.  [John]  Ashley,  Esquire. 

13.  [Richard]  Bartue6,  Esquire. 

14.  [Thomas]  Henneage,  Esquire. 

15.  Edward  Cooke,  Esquire. 
16*.  William  Cooke,  Esquire. 

17.  Mr.  William  Latimer7,  Clerkeof  her  Majestie's  Closet,  Doctor  in  Divinity. 
The  places  where  the  Noblemen  were  placed  : 
The  Earle  of  Warwic, 
The  Lord  Robert, 


>  were  lodged  in  Trinity  College. 


1  From  Mr.  Baker's  MS.     Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 

2  Beheaded  on  Tower-hill,  2d  June,  15  Eliz.  for  endeavouring  to  marry  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 

3  Eldest  surviving  son  of  John  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  elder  brother  to  Lord  Robert  Dudley. 

4  First  cousin  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  5  Son  of  Thomas  the  second  Duke  of  Norfolk. 

6  Father  to  Lord  Willoughby  of  Eresby,  and  ancestor  of  the  present  Earls  of  Lindsey  and  Abingdon. 
7   Last  Master  of  the  dissolved  College  of  St.  Laurence  Pountney,  London ;  Dean  of  Peterborough 
1560;  and  Rector  of  Shirley  and  Kirtling.     He  died  in  1583. 


THE    GlUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,  15 64.  l8l 

The  Duke  at  Mr.  Rays,  Alderman. 

The  Lord  Chamberleyn,  ~)      _,  .   .       '  '  „ 
_.     T      ,  _.  >at  lrmity  Hall. 

The  Lord  Clynton,  J  J 

The  Lord  Hunsdon,  at  Clare  Hall. 

The  Earl  of  Sussex,  at  Kath.  Hall. 

The  Earl  of  Oxford,    T  * 

The  Earl  of  Rutland,    vat  St.  John's  College. 

Mr.  Secretary, 

The  Cofferer,  the  Masters,  and  other  Officers  of  the  Household,  at  Queen's  College. 

Mr.  Dr.  Haddon,  1 

The  Lady  Strange,         vin  the  Fellows  Chambers  in  King's  College. 

Divers  other  Ladys,       I 

The  Maids  of  Honor,   ")        _       .,        .  „  .      „  „ 
r™     ™      •  •  *  >  at  Gunvil  and  Cams  College. 

1  he  Physicians,  J 

The  Choristers  Schools  was  made  the  Buttery. 

The  Pantry  and  Ewrye  was  two  chambers  in  the  King's  College. 

The  open  Kitchins  and  Skulleryes  were  raised  against  St.  Austin's  wall. 

The  Council  Chamber  in  the  South  Vestry. 

The  Guard  Chamber  was  in  the  Lower  Hall  of  the  Provost's  Place. 

The  Chamber  of  Presence,  the  lodging  over  that. 

The  Gallery  and  other  Chambers  served  for  the  Queen's  lodging. 

Vivat  Regina. 

XXII.  Queen  Elizabeth's  departure  from  Cambridge,  on  Thursday,  10  Aug.  1564. 
With  an  account  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  Benefaction  to  St  Mary  Magdalen's 
College,  on  the  same  day  1. 

1.  The  Queen's  Highness,  about  nine  a  clock,  hasted  to  horseback.  And,  at 
the  porch  of  her  lodging,  met  her  the  Provost  [Dr.  Baker]  and  certain  of  his 
company  ;  where  Mr.  [Thomas]  Preston  2  [M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  King's  College] 

1  From  the  same  MS.    Copied  by  Dr.  Grey. 

4  *  This  Thomas  Preston  acted  so  admirably  well  in  the  Tragedy  of  Dido,  and  did  so  genteelly  and 
gracefully  dispute  before  her,  that  she  gave  him  s£.20  per  annum  for  his  so  doing.  He  was  afterwards 
LL.  D.  and  Master  of  Trinity  Hall.'     Fasti  Oxon.  vol.  I.  col.  98. 

Preston's  antagonists  in  these  Disputations  was  the  famous  Thomas  Cartwright  of  Trinity  College  j 
in  which  Disputations,  '  Because  Master  Preston,  for  his  comely  gesture  and  pleasing  pronunciation, 
was  both  liked  and  rewarded  by  her  Majesty  ;  and  himself  received  neither  reward  nor  commenda- 


182  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  156*4. 

(whome  before  in  all  his  doings  [in]  the  University  [the  Queen]  well  liked)  made 
a  very  goodly  Oration ;  taking  their  leave,  and  bidding  her  Majestie  farewell. 
With  whom  she  was  then  so  well  pleased,  that  she  made  him  and  openly  called 
him — her  scholar.  And,  in  token  thereof,  offered  him  her  hand  to  kiss.  And 
so  took  her  horse,  and  departed. 

2.  At  this  time  Mr.  Clarke,  of  Clare  Hall,  her  Majestie's  Reader  in  Law,  exhi- 
bited unto  her  his  Oration  (of  the  verity  of  the  questions,  written  before)  in 
writing;  and  certain  reasons  against  them.  Which  he  did,  because  the  shortness 
of  the  time  would  neither  suffer  him  to  speak  his  mind  of  his  questions,  neither 
his  adversaries  to  refell  them,  nor  the  Determiner  to  be  judge  of  the  truth,  because 
no  man  must  be  judge  in  his  own  causes. 

3.  Passing  from  the  King's  College  by  the  Schools,  Dr.  [Andrew]  Perne  and 
divers  others  of  the  University  kneeled,  and  wished  her  Grace,- in  Latin,  a  prospe- 
rous and  safe  Progress.  To  whom  she  mildly  answered  again,  with  a  loud  voice, 
"  Valeteomnes." 

4.  The  Maior,  on  horseback  and  bearing  his  mace,  with  all  the  Aldermen, 
tarryed  for  her  Majestie  against  the  West  end  of  St.  Mary's  Church ;  and  so 
waited  upon  her  to  the  far  end  of  Howse-Causey.     And, 

5.  Coming  by  Magdalen  College,  [Roger  Kelke]  the  Master  and  Company  of 
the  same  [were]  ready  to  receive  her  Grace  with  an  Oration.  [But]  her  Highness 
excused  [her  staying  to  hear  the  same,  by  reason  of]  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  [of  J 
the  press  of  the  people.  And  therefore  required  the  paper  of  the  Oration  ;  which 
being  exhibited,  she  departed,  and  was  by  all  men's  prayers,  committed  to  the 
Sjrace  and  tuition  of  Almighty  God,  who  ever  bless  her.     Amen. 

6.  The  Duke  of  Norfolke  accompanyed  her  Majestie  out  of  the  Town,  and 
then  returning,  entred  Magdalen  College,  and  gave  much  money  in  the  same. 
Promising  ,^.40  by  year  till  they  had  builded  the  quadrant  of  their  College. 
And  further  promised,  '  That  he  would  endow  them  with  land  for  the  encrease  of 
their  number  and  studys.' 

tion  ;  presuming  of  his  own  good  scholarship,  but  wanting  indeed  that  comely  grace  and  behaviour 
which  the  other  had/  Cartwright  grew  discontented.  Life  of  Archbishop  Whitgift,  by  Sir  George 
Paul,  Lond.  1699,  8vo.  p.  9. 

'  Cartwright  had  dealt  most  with  the  Muses,  Preston  with  the  Graces.  Cartwright  disputed  like  a 
great,  Preston  like  a  gentile,  scholar.  And  the  jQueen,  upon  parity  of  defects,  always  preferred  proper- 
nesse  of  person.     His  epitaph  in  Trinity  Hall  Chapel  begins  thus  : 

"  Conderis  hoc  tumulo,  Thoma  Prestone,  scholarem 
Quem  dixit  Princeps  Elizabetha  3uum."   Fuller's  History  of  Cambridge,  p.  139. 


THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   15^4-  I83 


Further  Particulars  of  the  Queen's  Entertainment1. 

Quinto  Augusti.  This  daie,  in  the  morning,  the  Lo.  Robert  was  receaved  into 
Trinity  Colledge  by  the  Mr  and  Scholars  there,  to  the  number  of  14  score,  with  a 
very  short  Oracion,  for  the  space  of  a  quarter  of  an  houre,  made  by  Mr.  Doding- 
ton,  one  of  that  Howse,  and  Publique  Reader  of  the  Greeke  Lecture  ;  which 
being  ended,  he  went  into  their  Halle,  and  from  thence  to  his  lodging,  accompa- 
nied by  Mr.  Secretarie  Cecill,  the  Vice-chancellor,  the  Proctors,  and  the  reste  of 
Mre  of  Colledges  ;  and  there  was  presented  a  paire  of  gloves,  two  sugar-loves,  and 
a  march-pane.  There  were  sundrie  schedes  of  verses,  both  of  Greeke  and  Latin, 
pasted  upon  the  outside  of  the  door  entering  into  his  lodginge.  Shortly  after 
came  to  his  lodginge  the  Earle  of  Essex,  Sir  Nicholas  Thockmorton,  and  dyvers 
others.  From  thence  he  went  to  St.  John's,  to  see  Mr.  Secretarie's  lodginge,  where 
he  was  receaved  in  like  manner  by  the  Mr  and  Company,  being  in  number  200, 
with  a  very  short  Oracion,  of  twenty  lines,  made  by  Mr.  Beacon  ;  and  after,  verses 
were  delivered  him  by  Mr.  Fulme  and  Mr.  Deane,  two  Mrs  of  Arts. 

The  same  daie,  about  ixne  of  the  clock,  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Steward  of  the 
town  of  Cambridge,  lying  at  Alderman  Ray's  house,  in  the  mket-place,  was  pre- 
sented by  the  Vice-chancellor,  Proctors,  and  Heads,  with  a  paire  of  gloves,  a  sugar- 
loaf,  and  a  march-pane.  About  fyve  of  the  clock  the  same  daye,  after  dinner, 
the  Queene's  Highness  enteringe  into  the  liberties  of  Cambridge,  half  a  myle  from 
the  town,  was  receaved  by  the  Mayor  (who  surrendered  unto  her  Highness  his 
mace),  his  brethren,  and  townsmen,  in  their  habits  accordinglye,  with  an  Oracion 
in  Englishe  made  by  their  Recorder  Mr.  Shute  ;  and  there  they  presented  her  with 

1  Communicated,  in  1795,  by  E.  C.  jun.  from  an  original  MS. — There  are  several  particulars  in  this 
brief  account  not  noticed  in  the  larger  one  which  precedes  it.  The  Reader  who  may  be  inclined  to 
search  for  further  particulars  of  this  Visit  will  be  gratified  by  perusing  the  several  Latin  Speeches  and 
Poems  preserved  in  "  Regina  Literata:  sive  de  serenissimae  Dominae  Elizabethan  Angliae,  Francis,  & 
Hibernise  Reginae,  fidei  propugnatricis,  in  Academiam  Cantabrigiensem  adventu,  &c.  Anno  1564, 
Aug.  5.  Narratio  Abrahami  Hartuelli  Cantabrigiensis.  Ad  Clariss.  virum  D.  Gualterum  Haddonum 
Regiae  Majestati  a  supplicum  libellis  tunc  temporis  conscripta,  nunc  demum  posteris  tradita.  Lon- 
dini,  1565;  and  also,  in  "  Commentarii  Hexaemeri  Rerum  Cantabrigiae  actarum,  cum  Serenissima 
Regina  Anglire,  &c.  Elizabeth,  in  Academiam  Cantab*  advenerat,  Ano  D'ni  1564.  Collectore  N. 
Robvnsono." 


184  THE    SUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,  I564. 

a  single  standing  cuppe,  double  gilt,  in  estimacion  worth  xviii.  wherein  were  xi> 
old  angels.  And  after  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren  had  brought  her  as  far  as  the 
Queen's  Colledge,  there  he  was  commanded  by  Mr.  Secretary  either  to  put  down 
his  mace,  or  else  to  go  no  farther;  and  so  the  Mayor  departed.  Now  was  her 
Matie  receaved  by  the  University  in  order,  first,  Sophistes  or  Schollars,  and  next 
every  degree  orderlye,  in  their  habits  and  hoodes,  from  the  Queen's  College  gate 
to  the  West  end  of  King's  College  Chapel ;  and  as  she  passed  thorowe  there  were 
delivered  first  unto  her  Grace  by  two  Sophistes  twenty  verses  and  a  short  Oracion, 
written  likewise  by  the  Batchelors  and  Regent  Mrs  of  Arts ;  and  afterwards,  at  the 
same  West  door,  the  thre  Squire  Bedills'  stafTes  were  offered  unto  her  Matie  by  Mr. 
Secretary,  and  forthwith  delivered  to  him,  and  soe  to  the  Bedills  againe.  In  the 
same  place  an  Oracion  was  made  before  her  Grace  by  the  Orator  of  the  University, 
Mr.  Maister,  kneeling  on  his  knees,  for  the  space  of  half  an  houre  and  more. 
That  done,  the  Orator  kissing  her  hand  stretched  out  to  him,  she  alighted  from  her 
horse,  and  entered  the  Chapel,  under  a  canopy  carried  by  four  senior  Drs  of  Divi- 
nity, viz.  Dr.  Perne,  Dr.  Porie,  Dr.  Newton,  and  Dr.  Beaumont,  where  she,  first 
kneeling  on  a  quushion,  and  having  a  book  laid  ready  before  her  upon  a  little 
fourme,  and  a  quushion  on  which  she  leaned,  said  certain  prayers  with  Dr.  Baker, 
Provost  of  that  House,  kneeling  next  unto  her  Grace  beside  the  fourme,  in  a  surplice 
and  a  coape  ;  the  company  also  of  that  House  kneeling  in  surplices  and  coapes ; 
which  prayers  being  ended,  her  Matie  arose,  and  went  into  the  Quyre,  under  the 
canopy,  the  Mr  and  company  going  before  her,  where  they  sung,  and  plaid  upon 
the  organ  Te  Deum.  Here  she  remayned  in  a  travesse  of  crimson  velvet  prepared 
for  her  until  the  Sermon  was  ended.  And  from  thence  her  Highness  was  brought 
to  a  syde  doore  in  the  Quyre,  under  the  canopie,  and  so  went  to  the  Mr's  lodg- 
inge  of  that  House,  ordered  for  her  Grace,  where  she  was  presented  with  six  pair 
of  fyne  gloves,  a  march-pane,  and  four  boxes  of  dyvers  kinds  of  comfortes,  all  in 
valueacion  vli.  The  Queen's  footmen  challenged  the  canopie,  as  a  duty  for 
delivering  of  the  Bedills'  staves.  They  required,  in  like  manner,  for  the  mace 
of  the  town  a  certain  fee  for  redeeming  thereof;  the  town  gave  them  XLtie  shillings. 
Sexto  Augusti.  This  daie  the  Queene's  Matie,  with  her  Nobilitie,  came  to  the 
Kinge's  Colledge  Chapel,  about  ixne  of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  under  a  canopie 
carried  by  four  Doctors;  after  mattens  was  done,  and  after  tarrying  singing  the 
Litany,  Dr.  Perne  made  a  Sermon  before  her  Matie  by  the  space  of  an  houre, 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,  156*4.  1$5 

whose  theame  was  desumpted  out  of  the  13  chap,  of  St.  Paul's  Epistle  to  the 
Romans  :  "  Omnis  anima  potestatibus  supereminentibus  subdita  sit ;  non  est  enim 
potestas  nisi  a  Deo;  quae  vero  sunt  potestates  a  Deo  sunt;"  which  theame  he 
divided  into  three  partes,  speaking,  de  authoritate  principis,  virtutibus  principis, 
obedientid  subditorum ;  which  three  parts  made  he  handled  in  order  accordinglye. 
It  the  first  parte  he  alledged  four  sects,  Pharisaeos,  .'....,  Saducseos,  Galilaeos, 
which  last  sect  rejected  all  obedience  towards  the  prince,  carnalis  libertatis  gra  . ., 
and  soe  came  to  confucion;  such  were  Anebaptistas,  such  were  Spirituales ;  and 
soe  concluded  the  Prince's  authority  to  be  most  necessary  pro  salute  subditorum; 
shewing  withal,  the  Prince's  duty ;  alledging,  out  of  Solomon,  pot  entes  pot  enter, 
torment  a  patient  er ;  in  this  part  he  brake  out  against  the  arrogance  of  the  Pope. 
In  the  seconde  parte  he  said,  three  virtues  to  be  requsite  in  a  Prince, prudent iam, 
magnificentiam,  8§  clementiam ;  which  he  affirmed  all  to  be  in  the  Queene's 
Matie.  Upon  the  second  virtue  he  stood  somewhat  long  ;  and  declared  what  bene- 
factors her  progenitors  Hen.  VI.  and  VII.  had  been  to  their  Universitie,  privily 
moving,  and  stoutly  exhorting  her  Highness  to  the  lyke,  by  their  example.  In 
the  last  parte  (which  for  lack  of  tyme  he  closed  very  briefly)  he  shewed  it  to  be 
the  subjects'  office  to  pray  for  the  Prince,  to  serve  the  Prince  gladly  and  wyllingly, 
and  pay  tribute.  His  Sermon  being  now  ended,  her  Grace  sent  him  worde,  that 
it  was  the  first  Sermon  she  had  ever  heard  ad  clerum,  and  the  best.  Then  under 
the  canopie,  carried  as  is  before  said,  even  to  the  syde  door  of  the  Quyre,  her 
Matie  returned  to  her  lodginge  to  dinner.  This  daie,  at  ixne  of  the  clock,  after  supper, 
was  plaid  before  her  Matie,  in  the  King's  Colledge  Chapel,  upon  a  scaffold,  Aulu- 
laria  Plauti,  the  partes  whereof  were  chosen  through  the  whole  University, 
King's  Coliedge  being  only  excepted. 

Septimo  Augusti.  This  daie,  after  dinner,  the  place  of  the  Act  being  solemnly 
provided  in  St.  Marie's,  the  Univtie  Church,  the  Queene's  Highness  came  thither, 
and  before  Disputations  began,  Secretarie  Cecil  standing  in  his  place  by  the  Drs  in 
Divinitie,  to  declare  only  order  as  they  sate,  saying,  these  are  the  Drs,  these  Bach, 
of  Divinitie,  non  regentes,  &c.  ;  and  therewithall  desired  her  Matie  to  lycence 
the  Proctors,  accordynge  to  the  manner  accustomed,  and  to  moderate  Disputa- 
tions, whereunto  she  granted  willyngly,  saying,  "  Omnia Jiant  or dine ." 

The  questions  in  Philosophic  : 
An  monarchia  sit  optimus  status  reipublicae  ?" 
An  frequens  legum  mutatio  sit  periculosa  ?" 

vol.  1.  2  B 


(C 


186  THE    GtUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,   15&4- 

The  Answerer  was  Mr.  Bynge ;  the  Replyers  or  Opponents  were,  Mr.  Cart- 
wrighte,  Mr.  Chatterton,  Mr.  Preston,  and  Mr.  Clarke.  Dr.  Hatton  was  Deter- 
miner in  these  questions. 

The  questions  in  Physicke  were : 

"  An  cibus  simplex  sit  preferendus  multiplici  ?" 
'    "  An  ccena  prandio  liberalior  esse  debeat  ?" 

The  Answerer  was  Dr.  Larkin,  the  Publique  Reader  of  Physicke.  The  Re- 
plyers were,  Dr.  Caius,  Dr.  Fryer,  and  Dr.  Walker.  The  Determiner  was  Dr. 
Hyche. 

This  daie,  after  supper,  about  ixne  of  the  clock  at  night,  was  plaid  before  her 
Grace,  in  the  aforenamed  Chapel,  by  the  Students  of  Kinge's  Col  ledge  onely,  a 
Tragedie  named  "  Dido,"  in  hexametre  verse,  without  anie  chorus.  Whyle  this 
was  a  handling,  the  Lo.  Robert,  Steward  to  the  Univtie,  and  Mr.  Secretarie  Cecil, 
Chancellor,  to  signifye  their  good  wille,  and  that  things  might  be  orderlye  done, 
vouchsafed  to  hold  both  books  on  the  scaffold  themselves,  and  to  provide  also  that 
sylence  might  be  kept  with  quietness. 

Octavo  Augusti.  This  daie  was  nothing  done  publique,  save  that  at  ixne  of  the 
clock  at  night,  an  English  play  called  "  Ezechias,"  made  by  Mr.  Udall,  and 
handled  by  King's  Colledge  men  onelye. 

Nono  Augusti.  This  daie,  about  ixne  of  the  clock,  before  dinner,  her  Highness, 
with  her  train,  rode  from  Colledge  to  Colledge;  and  at  every  House  where  her 
Grace  staid  was  receaved  with  a  short  Oracion,  two  in  Greeke,  the  residue  in 
Latin,  whereof  the  one  was  in  prose,  made  by  Mr.  Dodington,  in  Trinity  College, 
the  other  in  verse,  pronounced  by  a  Mr  of  Artes,  in  Chryste's  College.  This  daie 
was  given  to  her  Matie  a  book,  contayning  all  their  verses,  bound  in  a  parchment 
coverynge,  gylt  with  flouris  of  gold  at  the  four  corners,  knit  with  green  ribband 
string.  In  lyke  manner  was  delivered  unto  her  Royal  Highness,  by  the  Chancel- 
lor and  Proctors,  a  book  contayning  the  names  of  all  the  Colledges  in  that  Univtie, 
their  Founder's  names,  the  number  of  Students  in  each  House,  the  Revenues  of 
each  College  lands,  and  what  notable  men  have  proceeded  out  of  every  House,  as 
far  as  they  could  remember.  And  after  dynner,  about  two  of  the  clock,  the 
Queene  came  to  the  Univtie  Church,  to  hear  Disputations  in  Divinitie  and  Lawe. 

The  questions  in  Divinitie  were  : 

"  An  major  sit  scripturae  auctoritas  quam  ecclesiae  ?" 

"  An  civilis  magistratus  auctoritatem  habeat  in  rebus  ecclesiasticis  ?" 

The  Answerer  was  Dr.  Hutton,  Publique  Reader  of  the  Divinitie  Lecture.  The 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT    CAMBRIDGE,  1564.  I87 

Replyers  against  the  first  question  were  these:  Dr.  Alford,  Vice-chancellor,  Dr. 
Perne,  Dr.  Porey,  Dr.  Newton,  and  Dr.  Baker.  Against  the  second  these  fyve: 
Dr.  Stokes,  Dr.  Beaumont,  Dr.  Goodman,  Dr.  Kelke,  and  Dr.  Maye.  The  Bus- 
choppe  of  Ely  was  Determiner  of  these  questions,  who  craving  pardon  of  her 
Grace  because  of  the  weakness  of  his  memory,  made  his  determination. 

The  questions  in  Lawe  were : 

"  An  quilibet  privatus  possit  cogi  alumnus  publicum  ?" 

"  An  pecunia  mutata  in  lusu  aleae  possit  fine  repeti?" 

Mr.  Clarke,  the  Law  Reader,  was  appointed  to  be  Answerer ;  Dr.  Hervey,  Dr. 
Busby,  and  Dr.  Hall,  were  appointed  to  be  Replyers.  Notwithstanding,  as  we 
think  for  lack  of  tyme,  howbeit  the  Queene  Matie  efsoons  asked  for  the  Lawyers, 
and  shewed  herself  very  anxious  to  have  heard  them.  These  thinges  being  done, 
the  Queene's  Matie,  at  the  earnest  request  of  the  Duke,  his  Grace  the  Lo.  Robert, 
Mr.  Secretarie,  &c.  humbly  desyring  on  their  knees,  presentlye  made  a  very  elo- 
quent, sententious,  and  comfortable,  Oracionin  Latin,  signifying  inthesamebothe 
her  good  wille  toward  learning  itself,  and  also  her  great  favour  toward  the  learned, 
as  hereafter  followeth  : 

"  Oratio  Reginae,  non  ilia  quaedam  aut  tota,  aut  plane  sua  ;  verum  quae  &  ad 
totam  &  ad  suam  quid  fieri  potest,  proxime  accedit. 

H  Etsi  faeminilis  pudor,  turbaque  virorum  (academia  chariss'  &  subditi  fidelissimi) 
in  tantum  doctissimorum  virorum  frequentia  hunc  meum  rudem  &  illaboratum 
sermonem  proferre,  ac  narrare  impediat.  Tamen  duo  sunt  stimuli  qui  me  hoc 
tempore  ad  dicendum  incitant ;  quorum  primus  est  bonarum  literarum  propa- 
gatio  :  alter  est  vestra  expectatio.  Superiorum  verba,  ut  ait  Demosthenes,  sunt 
inferiorum  libri :  &  boni  principis  bonum  exemplar,  lex  quidem  subditis  esse 
solet.  Quod  si  verum  sit,  &  illi  verum  ei  comperirent  in  suis  reb'  pub'  quanto 
magis  in  regno  :  Haec  una  sit  regula  vobis  quod  nulla  sit  brevior  semita,  nulla 
rectior,  neque  ad  fortunae  bona,  neque  ad  principis  benevolentiam,  studio  bonarum 
literarum.  Quemadmodum  Alexander  Magnus,  quum  perlustrasset  res  preclare 
gcstas  a  majoribus  suis,  respondit  cuidam  se  vehementer  dolere,  quod  quemad- 
modum  tempore  esset  illis  posterior  ita  &  virtute  inferior :  Sic  ego  quum  hodie 
sumptuosa  sedificia  &  magnifica  collegia  a  meis  antecessoribus  extructa,  perlus- 
travi,  equidem  magnopere  doleo,  quod  illis  hac  in  re  sum  inferior  :  sed  non  multi 
sunt  anni  adhuc  ex  quo  regnare  ccepimus,  neque  tarn  senilis  est  nostra  aetas,  quin 
ut  aliquot  opus  a  nobis  perfici  possit.     Quamvis  illud  Alexandri  me  multum  con- 


188  THE    GLUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    CAMBRIDGE,    156*4. 

turbat,  tamen  illud  quod  proverbio  dici  solet,  Romam  non  uno  die  fuisse  extruc- 
tam,  etsi  non  omnera  aufert  dolorem,  tamen  magna  ex  parte  minuet  hunc  ad  aca- 
demiam.  Quod  si  deinceps  tarn  fueritis  studiosi  atque  hactenus  fuistis  vra  tota.  . .  . 
"  dum  spiritus  hos  regit  artus  :"  &  promitto  me  aliquod  monumentum  portis  meis 
academia  relecturam  &  fundaturamy  nisi  Atropos  vitse  meae  lineam  citius  amputa- 
verit — quod  regnum  desideratur."  In  accepting  this  Oracion  from  the  Queene's 
Matie,  whyle  none  would  seem  partially  to  better  it,  some  have,  I  am  well  assured, 
in  certain  places,  ympaired  the  grace  of  it. 

This  night,  at  nine  of  the  clocke,  should  have  been  plaid  a  Tragedy,  in  Latin, 
by  the  Students  of  King's  College  onelye,  before  the  Queene's  Highness.  But 
whether  her  Matie  was  weary  with  ryding  in  the  forenoone,  and  Disputations 
after  dinner,  or  whether  anie  private  occasion  letted  the  doinge  thereof,  was  not 
commonly  knowen. 

Decimo  Augusti.  This  daie,  about  vn  of  the  clock  in  the  morninge,  there  was 
a  congregation,  wherein  certain  Noblemen  were  admitted  to  the  degree  of  Mrs  of 
Artes,  whose  graces  were  asked  in  these  wordes  : 

"  Supplicat  viris  reverendis  honoratiss'  vir  Dom'  Robertus  Dudley,  Ordinis  Gar- 
terii  Miles,  &  summus  hujus  Universitatis  nrae  seneschallus,  ut  coopertur  in  nu- 
merum  magrorum  in  artibus,  sicut  non  arctetur  ad  aliquid  ceremoniae  solitum  ob- 
servari  ab  incipientibus  in  eadem  facultate,  sed  tantum  admittatur  ad  placitum  sive 
in  scholis  sive  extra,  &  .  .  .  .  fidem  de  observando  statuta,  privilegia,  &  consuetu- 
dines  almae  hujus  Universitatis  approbata." 

They  came  personally  to  have  been  presented  to  the  congregation  ;  but,  be- 
cause that  neither  all  their  graces  were  thorowlye  passed,  and  the  Queene's  Matie 
made  speed  to  departe,  the  Vice-Chancellor  and  Proctors  sware  them  to  the  Privi- 
leges and  Statutes  of  the  University  in  her  Grace's  lodginge. 

Mri  Artium  Licentiati : 

D.  Thomas  Howarde,  Dux  Norfolciae,  Oppidi  Cantabridgiae  Summus 
Seneschallus. 

D.  Thomas  Comes  Sussexiae. 

D.  Ambrosius  Dudley,  Comes  Warwici. 

D.  Clynton,  Magnus  Admirallus. 

D.  Wittus  Howarde,  Magnus  Camerarius. 

D.  Robertus  Dudley,  Magr  Equorum,  &  Summus  Universitatis  Seneschallus. 

D.  Henricus  Carie,  D.  Hunsdon. 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    STANTON    AND    HINCHINBROOK,  156*4.  l8§ 

D.  Edwardus  Vere,  Comes  Oxoniae. 

D.  Edwardus  Manners,  Comes  Rutlandise,  qui  in  ea  tantum  statuta  jurabat  quae 
cum  privilegiis  nris  non  pugnant. 

D.  Gulielmus  Cecil,  Miles,  Summus  Univ'  Cancel'. 

D.  Franciscus  Knowles,  Vicecamerarius. 

M.  Ashley,  Armiger,  &  Magister  Jocalium  sive  Jewellorum. 

M.  Barthew,  Armiger,  Maritus  Ducissse  Suffolciae. 

M.  Gulielm'  Cooke,  Armiger. 

M.  Edw'  Cooke,  Armiger. 

M.  Heneage,  Armiger. 

Whyle  these  things  were  a  doing  publiquely,  Mr.  Preston  (who  was  one  of 
the  Replyers  in  the  Philosophy  Arte)  made  an  Oracion  before  the  Queene's  Matie 
in  her  lodging  privately  ;  which  her  Grace  so  well  liked,  that,  putting  forth  her 
hand  for  him  to  kisse,  her  Highnesse,  as  himself  termed  yt,  dubbed  hym  her 
Scholar,  and  exhorted  him  to  continue  in  his  studie  with  diligence,  saying,  the 
whole  body  of  the  University  might  rejoyce  that  even  it  nourished  so  profitable  a 
member  ;  and  therewithal  she  gave  him  vm  angels. 


Quitting  Cambridge  early  on  the  10th  of  August,  the  Queen  that  day  honoured 
Dr.  Richard  Cox,  Bishop  of  Ely,  by  dining  at  his  house  at  Stanton,  and  after- 
wards proceeded  to  sleep  at  Sir  Henry  Cromwell's,  at  Hinchinbrook  Priory  l. 

On  the  l8th,  she  was  in  some  part  of  Leicestershire2;  but  the  particular  place 
I  have  not  been  able  to  discover. 

On  the  29th  of  September  the  Queen  conferred  on  her  Favourite,  Lord  Robert 
Dudley,  the  dignity  of  Earl  of  Leicester,  a  title  which  had  been  usually  appro- 
priated to  the  Royal  Progeny,  in  right  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster ;  and  before 
the  end  of  the  same  year  he  was  made  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Oxford3. 

1  See  before,  p.  1/9.  *  Burghley  Papers,  vol.  II.  p.  736. 

»  He  had  the  year  before  been  elected  High  Steward  of  the  University  of  Cambridge. 


1^0  LORD    ROBERT    DUDLEY    CREATED    EARL    OF    LEICESTER,  I564. 


The  Creation  of  Sir  Robert  Dudley  l.  Knight  of  the  Garter,  and  Master  of  the 
Horse  to  the  Queenes  Majestie,  who  was  created  Baron  of  Denbigh,  and  after 
Earle  of  Leicester,  on  Michaelmas-day,  at  Saint  James,  with  the  gift  of  the 
Manor  of  Killingworth,  and  other  thinges  there,  to  him  and  his  heires,  to 
the  yearely  value  of  four  and  twentie  pounde  and  better,  156*4. 

First,  the  sayd  Lord  attended  on  the  Queenes  Highness  to  the  Chappell,  and 
from  the  Chappell  to  service ;  and  when  he  was  returned  to  the  Chamber  of  Pre- 
sence, the  sayd  Lord  with  other  departed  to  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  Chamber 
and  shifted  them,  the  said  Lord  Robert  in  his  surcote  with  the  hood,  his  mantle 
borne  before  him  by  the  Lord  Hunsdon,  and  led  by  the  Lord  Clinton,  Lord  Ad- 
miral, by  the  right  hand,  and  the  Lord  Strange  on  the  left  hand,  in  their  Parlia- 
ment, robes ;  Garter  bearing  the  patent ;  and  before  him  the  officers  of  armes ; 
and  so  proceeded  into  the  Chamber  of  Presence,  where  the  Queenes  Highnesse 
sate  under  the  cloth  of  estate,  with  the  Noblemen  on  each  side  of  her.  The 
Embassador  of  France  was  also  present,  with  another  stranger,  an  Italian.  And 
when  the  sayd  Lord  with  the  other  came  into  the  Queene's  sight,  they  made  their 
obeisance  three  times  ;  the  sayd  Lord  kneeled  downe,  after  the  which  Garter  pre- 
sented the  letters  pattents  to  the  Lord  Chamberlaine,  and  he  presented  the  same 
to  the  Queenes  Highnesse,  who  gave  it  to  Sir  William  Cicill,  Secretary,  who 
read  the  same  with  a  loud  voice ;  and  at  the  words  of  <e  Creavimus,"  the  Lord 
of  Hunsdon  presented  the  mantle  to  the  Queenes  Majestie,  who  put  on  the 
same,  whereby  he  was  created  Baron  of  Denbigh,  for  him  and  his  heires ;  then 
the  patent  was  read  out  to  the  end ;  after  the  which  he  delivered  it  to  the 
Queene   againe,  and   her  Highnesse  gave  it  to  the  said  Lord,   who  gave  her 

*  The  public  attention  having  lately  been  recalled  to  the  "  Princely  Pleasures  of  Kenilworth,"  by 
Miss  Aikin's  entertaining  "  Annals  of  Queen  Elizabeth  j"  and  again,  more  forcibly,  by  the  necro- 
mantic pen  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  the  popular  Romance  of  "  Kenilworth  ■"  a  few  particulars  respect- 
ing the  Owner  of  that  noble  mansion  cannot  be  unacceptable.  Lord  Robert  Dudley,  fifth  son  of 
John  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  younger  brother  of  Ambrose  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  one  of  the 
most  ambitious,  insolent,  and  unprincipled  persons  of  his  age.  But  he  was  a  man  of  engaging  per- 
son, address,  and  insinuating  behaviour.  On  the  accession  of  Elizabeth  he  became  very  high  in  her 
favour  ;  and  she  had  such  an  affection  for  him,  that  she  declared,  "  if  he  was  a  Prince  and  not  a  Sub- 
ject, she  would  have  married  him."  By  letters  patent,  Sept.  6,  1563,  he  obtained  a  grant  in  fee,  to 
himself  and  his  heirs,  of  the  manor  and  castle  of  Kenilworth,  to  the  value  of  four  and  twenty  pounds 
and  better,  which  had  been  long  vested  in  the  crown ;  and  which  he  considerably  improved  j  the 
charges  he  bestowed  on  the  castle,  parks,  and  chase,  amounting  to  60,000/. 


LORD    ROBERT    DUDLEY    CREATED    EARL    OF    LEICESTER,    156*4.  1^1 

Majestie  most  humble  thankes  ;  and  he  rose  up,  and  departed  to  the  Chamber 
they  came  from,  the  trumpets  sounding  before  him.     Then  he  shifted  him  of 
those  robes,  and  put  on  the  robes  of  estate  of  an  Earle ;  and  being  led  by  the 
Earle  of  Sussex  on  the  right  hand,  and  the  Earle  of  Huntington  on  his  left  hand; 
the  Earle  of  Warvvike  bearing  his  sword,  the  pomell  upward,  and  the  gold  about 
the  same,  all  in  their  robes  of  estate  ;  the  Lord  Clinton,  Lord  Admiral  1,  in  his 
Parliament  robes,  bearing  his  cap  with  the  coronall ;  Garter  before  him  bearing 
his  pattent ;  and  the  other  officers  of  armes  before  him.     They  proceed  as  afore 
into  Chamber  of  Presence,  where,  after  they  made  their  obeisance,  the  sayd  Earle 
kneeled  downe,  and  Garter  delivered  his  pattent  to  the  Lord  Chamberlaine,  who 
gave  the  same  to  the  Queenes  Majesty,  and  her  Highnesse  gave  the  same  to  Sir 
William  Cicill,   Secretary,  to  reade,  who  read  the  same;    and    at    the   wordes 
"  Chicturam  gladii,"  the  Earl  of  Warwike  presented  the  sword  to  the  Queenes 
Highnesse,  who  girt  the  same  about  the  necke  of  the  new  Earle,  putting  the 
point  under  his  left  arme;  and  after  her  Majesty  put  on  his  cap  with  the  coronall; 
then  his  pattent  was  read  out  to  the  end ;  and  then  the  said  Secretary  delivered 
it  againe  to  the  Queene,  and  her  Highnesse  gave  it  to  the  said  new  Earle  of  Lei- 
cester, who  gave  her  humble  thankes  for  the  same  ;  and  then  arose,  and  went 
into   the  Counsell  Chamber  to  dinner,  the   trumpets  sounding  before;  and  at 
dinner  he  sate  in  his  kirtle :  and  their  accompanied  him  the  foresayd  Ambassador 
of  Fraunce,  and  the  sayde  Italian,  with  diverse  other  Earles  and  Lords;  and  after 
the  second  course,  Garter,  with  the  other  officers  of  armes,  proclaimed  the  Queenes 
Majesties  style ;  and  after,  the  style  of  the  sayd  Earle  ;  for  the  which  they  had 
fifteene  pound,  to  wit,  for  his  barony  five  pound,  and  for  his  earldome  ten  pound ; 
and  Garter  had  his  gowne  of  blacke  velvet,  garded  with  three  gardes  of  the  same, 
layd  on  with  lace,  lined  through  with  blacke  taffeta,  and  garded  on  the  inner  side 
with  the  same,  and  on  the  sleeves  38  paire  of  aglets  gold  : 

"  I)u  tresnobie  &  puissant  Seigneur  Robert,  Conte  de  Leycestre,  Baron  de 
Denbigh,  rheviler  du  tresnobie  ordre  de  la  Jarretiere,  &  grand  esquier  de  la  royne 
nostre  Souvreigne." 

The  second  of  October,  in  the  afternoone,  and  the  morrow  in  the  forenoone,  a 
solemne  obsequie  was  holden  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  in  London,  for  Ferdinand© 
late  Emperour,  departed. 

In  December  her  Majesty  was  "  sore  ill  of  the  flux  V 

1  Burghlcy  Papers,  vol.  II.  p.  736. 


192  THE    ftUEEN   AT   COVENTRY   AND    KENILWORTH,  I565. 


The  Queen  at  Coventry,  and  at  Kenllworth,  1565. 

In  1565,  the  newly- created  Earl  of  Leicester  was  honoured  by  a  Visit  from  his 
Royal  Mistress  of  which  the  only  record  now  known  is  preserved  in  the  Corpora- 
tion Books  of  Coventry ;  where  it  appears  that,  on  the  17th  of  August  156*5,  in 
the  Mayoralty  of  Humphrey  Brownell,  the  Queen,  in  her  Progress,  came  to 
that  antient  City,  where  she  was  honourably  received  by  the  Mayor  and  Citizens, 
with  many  fair  Shows  and  Pageants.  The  Tanners  Pageant  stood  at  St.  John's 
Church ;  the  Drapers  at  the  Cross ;  the  Smiths  at  Little  Park-street ;  and  the 
Weavers  at  Much  Park -street. 

The  Sheriffs,  Julius  Hearing  and  William  Wilkes,  in  their  scarlet  cloaks,  and 
twenty  young  men  on  horseback,  all  in  one  livery  of  fine  purple,  met  her  Grace 
at  the  utmost  of  the  Liberties  towards  Woolvey,  every  one  having  a  white  rod  in 
their  hands,  which  they  presented  to  her  Majesty  ;  which  she  receiving,  delivered 
to  them  again  ;  and  so  they  rode  before  her  still,  till  they  came  near  the  City, 
where  the  Mayor  and  his  Brethren,  in  scarlet  gowns,  met  her  Grace ;  also  Mr. 
John  Throgmorton  *,  Recorder  of  Coventry,  a  man,  both  for  his  gravity,  wisdom, 
and  learning,  worthy  of  great  commendation,  as  in  his  Oration  it  may  appear, 
and  which  brought  no  small  commendation  ;  and,  because  it  should  not  be  for- 
gotten, it  is  here  subjoined,  in  full  order,  as  he  spake  it. 

He  was  clothed  in  a  scarlet  gown,  like  unto  the  Mayor  and  his  Brethren  ; 
the  Mayor  kneeling  down,  and  having  the  great  mace  in  his  hand,  and  being  on 
the  upper  hand  of  the  Recorder,  until  such  time  as  he  spake  these  words,  "  In 
token  whereof,  we  most  humbly  yield  up  ourselves  unto  your  Majesty's  most 
Regal  power  and  merciful  authority."  At  which  words,  the  Mayor,  kissing  the 
mace,  delivered  it  into  her  hands,  and  so  kneeled  down  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Recorder ;  and  then  the  Recorder  presented  unto  her  Majesty  a  purse,  supposed 
to  be  worth  20  marks,  and  in  it  about  ^.100  in  angels,  which  her  Grace 
accepting,  was  pleased  to  say  to  her  Lords,  "  it  was  a  good  gift,  ^.100  in  gold; 
I  have  but  few  such  gifts."  To  which  the  Mayor  answered  boldly,  "  If  it  please 
your  Grace,  there  is  a  great  deal  more  in  it."  "  What  is  that?"  said  she.  "  It 
is,"  said  he,  "  the  hearts  of  all  your  loving  subjects."  "  We  thank  you,  Mr. 
Mayor,"  said  she ;  "  it  is  a  great  deal  more  indeed.'' 

•  See  what  is  said  of  this  Gentleman  in  p.  193. 


THE    GIUEEN    AT    COVENTRY,   15^5-  193 

The  Oration  of  Mr.  John  Throgmorton,  Recorder  of  Coventry  at  Coventry  : 
"Not  of  custom,  but  for  duty's  sake,  and  yet  no. more  for  duty  than  hearty  good 
will,  most  mighty,  gracious,  and  most  excellent  Sovereign,  both  as  the  officer, 
amongst  others,  the  meanest  who  at  this  time  can  or  may  be  missed  ;  and  the 
Mayor  of  this  City,  with  the  Aldermen,  his  brethren,  and  the  whole  Commonalty, 
do  shew  ourselves  as  faithful  subjects,  most  glad  to  see  your  Majesty  within  this 
City  and  territory  of  the  same,  in  good  health,  and  princely  estate ;  calling  unto 
your  remembrance,  that,  as  the  natural  body  cannot  long  continue  safely,  except 
the  head,  as  principal  part  thereof,  do  enjoy  perfect  health,  so  much  the  more  in 
the  politic  body,  all  the  parts  thereof  wax  weak,  and  sooner  decay,  except  the  head 
and  chief  governor  of  them  does  live  and  continue  in  most  healthful  and  prosperous 
estate.  Then,  forasmuch  as  your  Majesty,  by  God's  divine  Providence,  is  ordained 
to  be  our  Sovereign,  not  of  this  City  only,  but  of  this  noble  Realm,  we  all  as  one, 
members  of  one  body,  whereof  you  are  the  head,  and  as  subjects  to  your  Highness, 
and  as  good  Christians,  to  our  Queen  ;  yet  our  hearty  good  will,  which  respectively 
surmounteth  our  treasure,  as  comparable  in  all  parts  with  any  City  or  Town  within 
this  your  noble  Realm.  In  token  whereof,  we  most  humbly  yield  ourselves  up  unto 
your  Majestie's  regal  power  and  merciful  authority,  being  ready  at  all  times  not 
only  to  spend  what  we  have,  but  also  to  bestow  our  lives  at  your  commandment,  in 
the  service  and  quarrel  of  your  Majesty  :  and  very  good  cause  have  we  so  to  do  ; 
for  that  by  no  record,  much  less  by  memory  of  any  man,  so  merciful  a  governor, 
so  well  qualified  with  justice,  within  this  Realm,  hath  not  hitherto  been  seen,  the 
fruit  of  which  grace  and  goodness  all  we  your  faithful  and  most  humble  subjects 
do  plentifully  enjoy  at  this  time,  to  all  our  profits  and  comforts  ;  and  if  that  com- 
monwealth be  said  to  be  happy,  where  the  Prince  favoureth  learning  and  know- 
ledge, for  justice  rather  to  be  done,  how  much  more  happy  are  we,  that  have  not 
only  a  Prince  that  loveth  learning  and  justice,  but  also  is  plentifully  endued  with 
all  wisdom  and  virtue,  and  in  life  doth  practise  the  skill  thereof,  to  the  great  admi- 
ration of  all  your  subjects,  and  their  comfort  universally.  I  fear  to  enter,  most 
gracious  Prince,  into  the  discourse  of  that  which  present  occasion  offereth,  or  to 
prosecute  that  which  I  am  already  driven  into,  I  mean  of  your  manifold  virtues  ;  for 
if  I  should  speak  of  the  singular  and  manifold  gifts  of  nature  and  grace  ingrafted 
in  your  Royal  person  from  your  tender  years,  of  your  profound  learning  and  policy, 

seldom  to  be  found  in  any  man  comparable,  much  less  in  any  woman,  it  would  be 
vol.  i.  2  c 


194  THE  QUEEN  AT  COVENTRY,  I565. 

a  great  deal  harder  for  me  to  find  an  end  than  a  beginning;  and  I  assure  you,  Time 
would  rather  fail  than  copy  of  talk,  in  which  measure  we  are  rather  to  be  sought, 
for  the  matter,  which  I  might  justly  say,  of  the  most  quiet  and  peacable  govern- 
ment of  this  your  Realm,  even  from  the  beginning  of  your  happy  reign,  the  like 
whereof,  without  flattery,  cannot  be  found  in  any  of  your  noble  progenitors'  times; 
a  singular  gift  of  God  to  your  Highness,  a  wonderful  comfort  to  your  subjects. 
Oh,  happy  Queen,  therefore,  sent  us  by  God  as  an  excellent  and  divine  jewel ;  oh  ! 
happy,  fortunate  people,  allowed  by  God  to  receive  so  rare  a  benefit !  but,  foras- 
much as  your  modest  ears  are  not  delighted  with  your  own  commendations,  be 
they  ever  so  true,  I  will  surcease,  leave  more  and  better  untouched  ;  and  there- 
fore I  will  resort  to  this  antient  City,  which  hath  been  of  long  time,  and  times 
past,  called  the  Prince's  Chamber,  the  third  City  of  your  Realm,  or  rather  the 
chief  of  her  principals ;  of  which,  if  I  should  stand  to  shew  the  pleasant  situation, 
the  fertile  soil  environing  the  same,  and  the  natural  force,  planted  in  or  very  near 
the  midst  of  this  Realm  ;  and  should  withall  recount  to  your  Highness  the  great 
antiquity  thereof,  and  how  it  first  began,  how  it  after  increased,  and,  lastly,  grew 
up  to  a  flourishing  estate,  being  remembered  by  Polydore  Vergil  to  be  of  no  small 
account  in  the  time  of  King  Arviragus  (which  was  44  years  after  our  Saviour),  who 
then  reigned  in  this  land  in  the  Emperor  Claudius's  time,  who  warred  against 
him  ;  and  after  the  arrival  of  the  Danes,  who  miserably  afflicted  the  people  of 
this  Realm,  the  inhabitants  of  this  City,  with  their  neighbours,  utterly  overthrew 
them  in  the  last  conflict  with  the  Saxons,  a  certain  memorial  whereof  is  kept  to 
this  day,  by  certain  open  shews  in  this  City  yearly  K  And  I  also  declare  what  great 
traffic  with  rich  and  wealthy  Citizens  it  had  sometimes,  what  carved  and  gorgeous 
temples  it  was  decked  with,  and  with  how  many  stately  buildings  it  was  replenished 
withal  ;  and,  lastly,  how  much  it  was  adorned,  by  many  bountiful  gifts  of  sundry 
large  privileges,  wherewith  divers  worthy  men,  as  Leoffrick  Earl  of  Chester,  Coun- 
sellor to  King  Edward  the  Confessor,  your  noble  ancestor,  and  others  your  most 
noble  progenitors,  endowed  the  same,  I  should  enter  into  a  larger  field  than  time 
would  well  suffer  me  to  pass  through  ;  but,  lest  I  should  be  over-tedious  to  your 
Highness,  which  by  all  means  I  seek  to  shun,  it  shall  therefore,  I  trust,  suffice  to 
note  unto  your  Majesty,  that  though  nature  deny  to  the  inhabitants  of  this  City 
the  especial  benefit  of  the  sea,  the   principal  maintenance  of  many  great  and 

'  Hoxtuesday. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    COVENTRY,   15 65.  195 

famous  Cities,  yet  were  they  otherwise  so  planted,  so  much  holpen  by  the  commo- 
dities of  the  soil,  so  greatly  enriched  by  their  own  traffic  and  industry  in  sundry 
arts  and  mysteries,  and,  lastly,  so  well  furnished  of  able  and  beneficial  friends,  as 
well  recompenseth  the  wants  which  nature  hath  denied  them;  and  because  thrice 
happy  is  that  City  or  Town  that  findeth  many  friends,  and  the  principal  maintenance 
of  this  City  hath  always  been  the  friendship  of  good  and  worthy  men,  I  have  thought 
good,  since  reason  and  honesty  also  requireth  that  men,  by  thankful  remembrance, 
should  celebrate  the  happy  memory  of  their  friends,  shortly  to  run  over  the  prin- 
cipal pillars  and  chief  founders,  as  it  were,  in  this  estate  and  commonwealth,  and 
amongst  the  histories  of  a  number  of  them  long  before  this  time,  with  whom,  either 
for  the  uncertainty  of  reports  I  dare  not,  or  for  the  tediousness  of  writers  them- 
selves I  will  not,  trouble  your  Majesty.  All  that  I  have  thought  good  with  is 
noble  Randolph,  some  time  Earl  of  Chester,  who  granted  unto  the  Burgesses  of 
Coventry,  then  being  but  a  Borough-town,  great  liberties  and  freedoms,  which 
Henry  I.  Henry  II.  your  noble  progenitors,  Kings  of  this  Realm,  confirmed  and 
amplified,  with  a  liberal  grant  of  all  franchises,  freedoms,  and  customs,  and  liberties, 
the  same  as  the  City  of  Lincoln  had.  That  puissant  Prince  Edward,  Prince  of 
Wales,  Duke  of  Cornwall,  and  Earl  of  Chester,  surnamed  the  Black  Prince,  con- 
firmed and  augmented  sundry  liberties  which  Queen  Isabel  his  grandmother  gave 
to  them  ;  all  which  the  most  renowned  King  Edward  III.  not  only  confirmed,  but 
also,  of  princely  liberality,  increased  the  same.  That  mild  Prince  Henry  VI.  of 
especial  affection  which  he  bare  to  this  City,  greatly  enlarged  the  territory  of  the 
same,  and  made  it  a  shire-town  of  itself,  exempting  it  from  the  county  of  Warwick, 
whereof  before  it  was.  He  made  the  Mayor,  Escheator,  Coroner,  Clerk  of  the 
Market,  within  the  said  City  and  County  thereof;  and  further  granted,  that  the 
Steward  or  Marshal  of  the  King's  House  should  not  exercise  their  authority  within 
the  liberties  of  this  City  and  County  thereof,  neither  in  the  presence  or  absence  of 
the  Prince  himself.  Your  noble  father  King  Henry  VIII.  equal  with  the  best  of  his 
predecessors  in  felicity  and  noble  prowess,  and  willing  not  to  be  inferior  to  them 
in  liberality  and  bountifulness  to  this  City,  amongst  his  so  many  princely  benefits 
bestowed  in  all  parts  of  this  Realm,  founded  also  in  this  City,  for  the  maintenance 
of  learning,  a  free-school,  or  rather  a  College  as  he  intended,  for  the  better  edu- 
cation of  the  youth  of  this  City  in  virtue  and  learning,  and  for  continuance  thereof 
passed  or  let  go  certain  lands  of  great  value,  which  this  City  doth  not  enjoy,  but 
are  unjustly  deprived  of  the  same  by  sinister,  underhand,  unjust  means,  albeit  his 


1^6  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    COVENTRY,   ]  56*5. 

Grace  assured  the  same  to  that  only  use  and  intent :  for  redress  whereof,  the 
Mayor  and  Commonalty  of  this  City  most  humbly  beseech  your  Majesty  to  give 
gracious  hearing  to  their  further  complaint.   Your  Highness's  most  dear  and  wor- 
thy brother,  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  of  ready  disposition  to  the  maintenance  of 
this  City,  granted  a  great  portion  of  this  City  to  the  Mayor  and  Commonalty  in  fee 
farm;   and  the  high  and  mighty  Prince  John,  Duke  of  Northumberland,  gave  unto 
this  City  for  many  years  the  farm  and  manor  of  Cheylsmore,  near  adjoining  to  the 
same,  upon  such  easy  rent,  and  to  so  good  intent,  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  as 
these  that  now  be  within  this  City,  and  their  posterity  after  them,  will  have  good 
cause  to  be  thankful  for  so  great  a   benefit  received,  and  to  continue  mindful  of 
the  great  good-will  and  especial  favour  which  that  noble  Duke  used  towards  them, 
and  to  acknowledge  the  same  in  grateful  remembrance.     All  which  grants  and 
franchises,   liberties,   freedoms,   customs,   and  privileges,  your  Majesty,  of  your 
great  bounty  and  goodness,  hath  ratified  and  confirmed.     Now,  as  your  Majesty 
hath  heard  the  first  advancement  and  flourishing  state  of  this  City,  so  the  bewray- 
ing of  the  lamentable  ruin  and  decay  thereof,  partly  by  fatal  adversities,  partly  by 
other  occasions  not  meet  at  this  time  to  trouble  your  Majesty  with,  it  would  be  te- 
dious to  your  Majesty  to  hear,  and  grievous  to  us  to  remember  ;  and  therefore  I 
pass  it  over  in  silence,  with  great  good  hope  conceived  of  a  speedy  repair  thereof. 
The  coming  of  your  Majesty,  with  whose  present  estate  it  hath  pleased  God  to  bless 
this  City,  doth  bid,  and,  as  it  were,  prognosticate,  the  conversion  of  a  bad  fortune 
into  some  better  and  prosperous  estate  ;  so  as  after  a  long  and  huge  dark  tempest 
the  pleasant  beams  of  the  sun  appearing  doth  glad  and  comfort  every  moving  crea- 
ture, even  so  doth  the  delectable  presence  of  your  Majesty's  Royal  person  so  ravish 
and  stir  up  the  hearts  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  your  poor  City,  lately  oppressed 
with  the  cloudy  care  of  their  unfortunate  adversity,  that  the  joy  and  comfort  of 
the  same  cannot  be  expressed,  though  I  had  Cicero's  eloquence.     The  popular 
course  of  the  inhabitants,  their  greedy  taste  for  your  Majesty,  the  ways  and  streets 
filled  with  company  of  all  ages,  desirous  of  having  the  fruition  of  your  blessed  coun- 
tenance, the   divers  shews  and  stages  provided  to  the  utmost  of  their  powers,  as 
not  satisfied  with  one  sight  of  your  Royal  person;  the  houses  and  habitations  them- 
selves, lately  arisen  from  their  naked  barns  to  a  more  lively  and  fresh  furniture, 
doth  sufficiently  declare  the  same  1  speak;  the  joyful  hearts,  the  singular  affections, 
the  ready  and  humble  good-will  of  us  your  true,  poor,  hearty  subjects.     And, 
finally  the  Mayor  and  Commons  of  this  your  poor  City,  for  further  declaration  of 


THE    GtUEEN    AT    COVENTRY,    AND    AT   KENILWORTH,   156*5.  197 

the  same,  do  present  your  Majesty  with  a, simple  gift,  in  token  of  their  good  hearts 
and  just  obedience,  trusting  that  your  Highness  will  accept  the  same,  in  such  sort 
as  Artaxerxes,  that  noble  King  of  Persia,  did  the  humble  gift  of  a  poor  plough- 
man his  subject,  when  he  saw  his  Prince  presented  with  many  gifts,  and,  desirous  to 
shew  his  duty  and  good-will,  not  having  aught  else  to  give,  ran  to  the  next  river, 
and,  taking  up  both  his  hands  full  of  water,  offered  the  same  to  the  King,  who,  mea- 
suring the  gift  by  the  necessity  and  good-will  of  the  giver,  did  receive  the  same, 
and  liberally  rewarded  him.  And  so  I  end;  humbly  craving  of  your  Majesty,  for 
myself,  pardon  for  my  rude  barbarousness  ;  for  the  City,  toleration,  which  earnestly} 
and  most  humbly  I  desire,  that  your  Highness  may  so  like  with  this  their  poor 
simple  Entertainment,  as  you  may  oft,  to  your  Grace's  content,  and  their  great 
rejoicing,  visit  the  same,  to  our  exceeding  great  joy  ;  for,  that  at  present  we  enjoy 
and  possess  your  princely  person,  so  do  we  most  heartily  wish  that  the  same  may 
continue  in  issue,  that,  like  as  you  are  a  mother  to  your  kingdom,  and  to  the  sub- 
jects of  the  same,  by  justice  and  motherly  care  and  clemency,  so  you  may,  by 
God's  goodness  and  justice,  be  a  natural  mother,  and,  having  blest  issue  of 
your  princely  body,  may  live  to  see  your  children's  children,  unto  the  third 
and  fourth  generation.  Which  God  of  his  infinite  mercy  to  all  your  people 
grant!     Amen1." 

The  Oration  being  ended,  for  which  the  Recorder  was  much  praised,  her  Grace 
asked  him  his  name,  with  divers  points  in  the  Oration,  and  so  delivered  the  mace 
again  to  the  Mayor,  who  rode  before  her  Grace,  next  to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
and  so  coming  in  at  Bishop-gate,  the  Common  Council  standing  in  their  gowns 
and  hoods,  her  Majesty  alighted  at  the  Free-school,  and  went  into  the  Library, 
and  made  a  present  of  some  money  ;  thence  she  rode  unto  the  White  Friers, 
where  her  Grace  lay  Saturday  and  Sunday  nights.  On  Sunday  the  Mayor  and 
and  all  the  Council  dined  with  her  Majesty.  On  Monday  her  Grace  went 
forth  at  Spongate,  and  so  to  Kenilworth,  where  her  Grace  willed  the  Mayor  and 
his  brethren  to  come  on  the  Tuesday  following ;  and  then  being  come  to  the  utmost 
of  the  liberties,  the  Queen  delivered  the  mace  into  the  Mayor's  hands  again. 
On  Tuesday  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren  rode  to  Kenilworth,  and  were 
1  Sir  William  Dugdale,  in  his  account  of  the  Throgmortons  of  Coughton  (vol.  II.  p.  751),  men- 
tions a  Sir  John  Throgmorton,  who  was  Master  of  the  Requests  to  Queen  Mary,  and  afterwards  Jus- 
tice of  Chester,  as  being  knighted  at  Kenilworth,  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  first  year  of  her  reign. 
Could  this  be  the  Recorder  of  Coventry  ?  Whether  so  or  not,  there  seems  to  be  an  error  in 
Dugdale,  either  in  date  or  place. 


I98         THE  GIUEEN  A  GODMOTHER  AT  A  CHRISTENING  AT  WHITEHALL,  I565. 

well  entertained  ;  also  her  Majesty  made  the  Recorder  a  Knight,  and  demanded 
what  lands  the  Mayor  had ;  for  it  was  thought  that,  if  he  had  dispensed  g£.4  a 
year,  he  had  been  knighted  also.  The  Queen  gave  to  the  Mayor  and  his  brethren 
thirty  bucks,  which  were  delivered  }. 

"  August  .   .     The  Queen's  Majestie  seemed  to  be   much  offended  with  the 
Erie  of  Leicester :  and  so  she  wrote  an  obscure  sentence  in  a  book  at  Windsor  s." 


Christopher,  Prince  and  Margrave  of  Baden,  with  Cicilie  his  wife,  sister  to  the 
King  of  Swethland,  after  a  long  and  dangerous  journie,  wherein  they  had  travelled 
almost  eleven  months,  sailing  from  Stockholme,  crossing  the  seas  over  into  Life- 
land,  from  whence  by  land  they  came  about  by  Poland,  Prussie,  Pomerland,  Meck- 
elburgh,  Friseland,  and  so  to  Antwerpe  in  Brabant,  then  to  Calis  ;  at  last  in  Sep- 
tember landed  at  Dover,  where  they  were  met  and  received  by  the  Lord  Cobham, 
with  a  goodly  traine  of  Knights  and  Gentlemen.  And  at  Canterbury  the  Lady 
Cobham,  with  the  like  traine  of  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  met  them  ;  and  at 
Gravesend  the  Lord  Hunsdon,  with  the  Gentlemen  Pensioners,  met  them  ;  and 
the  l  lth  daie  of  the  same  they  came  to  London,  where  they  were  met  and 
received  by  the  Earle  of  Sussex3,  the  Countesse  his  wife,  and  their  traine;  and  so 
brought  to  the  Earle  of  Bedford's  place,  neere  to  Ivie  Bridge,  where  they  were 
lodged  ;  and  within  foure  daies  after,  that  is  to  saie,  the  fifteenth  of  September, 
she  travailed  in  childbed,  and  was  delivered  of  a  man  Child :  whrch  child  the  last 
of  September  was  christened  in  the  Queenes  Majestie's  Chappell  of  Whitehall  at 
Westminster,  the  Queenes  Majestie  in  hir  owne  person  being  godmother,  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterburie  and  the  Duke  of  Norfolke  godfathers.  At  the  christ- 
ening the  Queene  gave  the  child  to  name  Edwardus  Fortunatas  :  for  that  God 
had  so  gratiouslie  assisted  his  mother,  in  so  long  and  dangerous  a  journie,  and 
brought  her  safe  to  land  in  that  place,  which  she  most  desired,  and  in  so  short 
time  before  hir  deliverance. 

1  Nothing  further  occurs  respecting  the  Royal  Progress  of  this  year  5  but  the  two  following  brief 
entries  in  the  Corporation  books  at  Coventry  relate  to  the  Noble  Owner  of  Kenilworth  : 

"  1567.     Paid  for  a  yoke  of  fat  oxen,  and  20  fat  wethers,  given  to  my  Lord  of  Leicester,  sg&O. 

"  Paid  more,  for  a  yoke  of  fat  oxen  and  20  fat  wethers  for  him,  e£.23.  7«. 

"  1578.     Gave  four  oxen  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester." 

5  Burghley  Papers,  vol.  II.  p.  760. — This,  probably,  was  after  the  Visit  to  Kenilworth. 

3  In  1565  the  bells  at  Lambeth  were  rufig  when  the  Queen  went  to  Nonsuch  ;  and  again  when 
sne  went  to  Bermondsey,  the  mansion  of  the  Earl  of  Sussex. — See  further  under  the  year  1572. 


THE    GtUEEN    AT   THE   WHITE    FRIARY,    STAMFORD,  156*5. 


'199 


In  1565,  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  her  journey  into  Lincolnshire,  "passed  through 
Stamford,  and  dined  at  the  White  Friary,  which  stood  a  little  way  East  from 
St.  Paul's  Gate,  where  the  road  divides  for  Ryhall  and  Uffington.  From  the  ex- 
tent of  its  walls,  which  are  yet  standing,  the  building  must  have  been  large,  and, 
according  to  tradition,  it  was  very  magnificent :  it  was  also  admired  for  its  church 
and  steeple,  the  latter  of  which,  Mr.  Peck  informs  us,  was  similar  to  that  of  All 
Saints.  Over  the  western  gateway  (a  venerable  monument  of  antiquity,  which  is 
here  accurately  delineated),  are  three  niches,  over  each  of  which  there  were  for- 
merly arms,  which  are  now  defaced." 


Academical  lectures  and  exercises  were  formerly  read  at  Stamford  by  the 
Carmelites  ;  and  the  Friary  here  was  particularly  eminent,  and  the  house  large 
and  magnificent.  It  was  certainly  in  existence  during  the  reign  of  King  Ed- 
ward the  First,  and  further  benefactioned  by  King  Edward  the  Third,  whose  arms 
are  over  this  venerable  Gateway  *. 


vol.  1. 


'  Drakard's  History  of  Stamford,  1822,  pp.  184.  514. 

*c  c  3 


*200  THE    WHITE    FRIARY   AT    STAMFORD,  I565. 

Among  theclassical  ancients,  statues  of  their  Deities  were  placed  on  Town-gates; 
afterwards  those  of  the  Emperors.  Hence  came  the  custom  of  affixing  the  arms 
of  Princes;  and  accordingly  here  in  token  of  foundation  and  dominion,  are  three 
niches,  over  each  of  which  there  were  formerly  arms,  though  the  two  side  ones 
are  now  defaced. 

The  Rule  of  this  Order  prescribed  their  houses  to  be  on  lone  spots ;  and  here, 
as  elsewhere,  the  Friary  was  out  of  the  town. 


THE    &UEEN    ATTENDS    DIVINE    SERVICE    ON    CHRISTMAS-DAY,  I565.  199 

The  eleventh  of  November,  the  Right  Honorable  Ambrose  Earle  of  Warwike 
married  Anne,  eldest  daughter  to  the  Earle  of  Bedford.  For  the  honor  and  cele- 
bration of  which  noble  marriage,  a  goodlie  challenge  was  made  and  observed  at 
Westminster  at  the  tilt,  each  one  six  courses  :  at  the  tournie  twelve  strokes  with 
the  sword,  three  pushes  with  the  punchion  staffe :  and  twelve  blowes  with  the 
sword  at  barriers,  or  twentie  if  anie  were  so  disposed.  At  ten  of  the  clocke  at 
night  the  same  daie  a  valiant  serviceable  man,  called  Robert  Thomas,  Maister 
Gunner  of  England,  desirous  also  to  honour  the  feast  and  marriage  daie  (in  con- 
sideration the  said  Earle  of  Warwike  was  Generall  of  the  Ordnance  within  hir 
Majesties  Realmes  and  Dominions)  made  three  great  traines  of  Chambers,  which 
terriblie  yeelded  foorth  the  nature  of  their  voice,  to  the  great  astonishment  of 
diverse ;  who  at  the  firing  of  the  second  was  unhappilie  slaine  by  a  peece  of  one 
of  the  chambers,  to  the  great  sorrow  and  lamentation  of  manie. 

"  Item  on  Monday  the  24th  of  December,  the  Officers  of  Arms  being  there 
present,  the  Queene's  Majesty  came  to  the  evening  prayer,  the  sword  borne  by 
the  Earle  of  Warwick,  her  trayn  borne  by  the  Lady  Strange. 

"  Item,  on  Christmas-day,  her  Majesty  came  to  service  very  richly  apparelled  in  a 
gown  of  purple  velvet,  embroidered  with  silver  very  richly  set  with  stones,  with 
a  rich  collar  set  with  stones  ;  the  Earl  of  Warwick  bare  the  sword,  the  Lady 
Strange  the  trayn.  After  the  Creed,  the  Queene's  Majesty  went  down  to  the 
offering,  and  having  a  short  forme  with  a  carpet,  and  a  cushion  laid  by  a  Gentle- 

tlman  Usher,  the taken  by  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  her  Majestie  kneeled 

down,  her  offering  given  her  by  the  Marquis  of  Northampton  ;  after  which  she  went 
into  her  traverse,  where  she  abode  till  the  time  of  the  communion,  and  then  came 
forth,  and  kneeled  down  at  the  cushion  and  carpet  aforesaid ;  the  Gentlemen 
Ushers  delivered  the  towel  to  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  who  delivered  the  same  to 
be  holden  by  the  Earl  of  Sussex  on  the  right  hand,  and  the  Earl  of  Leicester  on 
the  left  hand ;  the  Bishop  of  Rochester  served  the  Queen  both  of  wine  and 
bread ;  then  the  Queen  went  into  the  traverse  again ;  and  the  Ladie  Cicilie,  wife 
of  the  Marquis  of  Baden,  came  out  of  the  traverse,  and  kneeled  at  the  place 
where  the  Queen  kneeled,  but  she  had  no  cushion,  but  one  to  kneel  on  ;  after  she 
had  received,  she  returned  to  the  traverse  again  ;  then  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury and  the  Lord  Chamberlain  received  the  Communion  with  the  Mother  of  the 
Maids;  after  which  the  service  proceeded  to  the  end  ;  and  the  Queen  returned 
to  the  chamber  of  presence  strait,  and  not  the  closet.     Her  Majesty  dined  not 


200  ENTERTAINMENT    OF    THE    FRENCH    KING'S    REPRESENTATIVE,  I565-6. 

abroad  ;  the  said  Officers  of  Arms  had   a   mess   of  meat  of  seven  dishes,  with 
bread,  beer,  ale,  and  wine1." 


In  January  156*5-6  Monsieur  Rambulet,  a  Knight  of  the  Order  in  France,  was 
sent  over  into  England,  by  the  French  King  Charles,  the  ninth  of  that  name, 
with  the  Order :  who  at  Windsore  was  stalled  in  the  behalfe  of  the  said  French 
King,  with  the  Knighthood  of  the  most  honorable  Order  of  the  Garter.  And 
the  foure  and  twentith  of  Januarie,  in  the  Cappell  of  hir  Majesties  Palace  of 
Whitehall,  the  said  Monsieur  Rambulet  invested  Thomas  Duke  of  Norffolke, 
and  Robert  Earle  of  Leicester,  with  the  said  Order  of  St.  Michael. 

The  Margrave  of  Baden  and  the  Ladie  Cicilie  his  wife,  sister  to  the  King  of 
Swethen,  who  came  into  this  land  in  the  moneth  of  September  last  past  (as 
before  is  declared)  being  then  by  the  Queene's  especiall  appointment  at  their 
arrivall  honorablie  received  by  the  Lord  Cobham,  an  honorable  Baron  of  this 
Realme,  and  the  Ladie  his  wife  one  of  the  Queenes  Majestie's  Privie  Chamber, 
now  in  the  moneth  of  April  1566,  having  received  certaine  gifts  of  the  Queene's 
Majestie,  amongst  the  which  one  was  a  cup  of  gold  with  a  cover,  weighing  133 
ounces  and  an  halfe  ;  departed  the  Realme  againe,  the  Marquesse  a  few  daies 
before  his  wife,  being  both  conducted  by  a  like  personage,  the  Lord  of  Aburga- 
vennie,  to  Dover. 

Certeine  houses  in  Cornehill,  being  first  purchased  by  the  Citizens  of  London, 
were  in  the  moneth  of  Februarie  cried  by  a  belman,  and  afterward  sold  to  such 
persons  as  should  take  them  downe,  and  carie  them  from  thence ;  which  was  so 
doone  in  the  moneths  of  Aprill  and  Maie  next  following.  And  then  the  ground 
being  made  plain  at  the  charges  also  of  the  Citie,  possession  thereof  was  by  cer- 
teine Aldermen,  in  the  name  of  the  whole  Citizens,  given  to  the  right  worshipful 
Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  agent  to  the  Queene's  Highnesse,  there  to  build  a 
place  for  merchants  to  assemble  in,  at  his  owne  proper  charges :  who  on  the 
seventh  daie  of  June  laid  the  first  stone  of  the  foundation  (being  bricke)  and 
foorthwith  the  workmen  followed  upon  the  same  with  such  diligence,  that  by  the 
moneth  of  November,  in  an.  1567,  the  same  was  covered  with  slate. 

2  From  the  British  Museum,  Donation  MS.  4713.  N8  8.  Lib.  W.  Y.  193. 


THE  QUEEN'S  LETTER  TO  THE  EARL  OF  SHREWSBURY,  I $66.  201 

1566. 

In  the  beginning  of  April  we  meet  with  the  following  Royal  Letter: 

"  To  o'r  right  trusty  and  right  well-belovid  Cousyn  the  Erie  of  Sherows- 

bury,  Compaignon  of  our  Order  of  the  Garter. 
"  Elizabeth  R. 

"  Right  trustie  and  right  well-bilovid  Cousyn,  we  grete  you  well.  Forasmuch 
as  it  hath  ben  declared  unto  us  on  your  behalf  that,  for  certain  your  urgent  and 
necessary  busyness,  your  request  is  to  be  dispensed  of  your  cumming  to  the  Feast 
of  Saint  George  now  next  cumming,  we  late  you  wite  that  we  are  pleased  to  graunt 
unto  you  yor  sayd  request,  and  by  theis  pnts,  do  licence  you  to  be  absent  from 
the  sayd  Feast :  and  theis  our  lres  shalbe  your  sufficient  warrant  and  dischardge 
on  that  behalf.  Yeven  under  our  seale  of  our  Order,  the  first  day  of  Aprill  1566*, 
the  eight  year  of  our  Reign." 

On  the  8th  of  May,  Archbishop  Parker  obtained  from  his  Royal  Mistress *  a  grant 
having  forty  retainers  2 ;  but  he  had  a  great  many  more,  as  appears  from  the  fol- 
lowing Cheque-roll  of  his  Household  : 

"  His  Chancellor,  with  allowance  of  three  Servants. 

"  The  Steward  ^.20  wages,  with  two  Men  and  two  Geldings. 

"  The  Treasorer  20  marks  wages,  with  two  Men  and  two  Geldings. 

"  Controller  g£A0  wages,  with  one  Man  and  one  Gelding. 

"  These  three  Chief  Officers  : 

"  Chief  Almoner,  a  Doctor,  with  other  Chaplens. 

1  In  the  preceding  year  (see  p.  198)  Archbishop  Parker  had  the  honour  of  being  godfather  to  the 
infant  son  of  the  Margravine  of  Baden,  when  the  Queen  was  personally  present  as  godmother. 
Another  signal  mark  of  the  Queen's  favour  will  be  seen  in  the  following  Letter  from  Lord  Robert 
Dudley  to  the  Archbishop : 

"  My  Lord,  The  Queen's  Matie  being  abroad  hunting  yesterday  in  the  Forrest,  and  having  hadjvery 
good  hap,  besides  great  sport,  she  hath  thought  good  to  remember  your  Grace  with  part  of  her  prey, 
and  so  commanded  me  to  send  you  from  her  Highness  a  great  and  fat  stag  killed  with  her  own  hand, 
which  because  the  weather  was  hot,  and  the  deer  somewhat  chafed,  and  dangerous  to  be  carried  so 
far  without  some  help,  I  caused  him  to  be  perboyled  in  this  sort  for  the  better  preservation  of  him, 
which  I  doubt  not  but  shall  cause  him  to  come  unto  you  as  I  would  be  glad  he  should.  So  having  no 
other  matter  at  present  to  trouble  your  Grace  withall,  I  will  commit  you  to  the  Almighty,  and  with 
my  most  hearty  commendations  take  my  leave,  in  haste,  at  Windsor,  this  third  of  Sept. 

Your  Gr.  assured  R.  Duddeley." 

*  Cardinal  Pole  had  a  patent,  dated  Aug.  20,  4  Philip  and  Mary,  for  retaining  a  hundred  servants  j 
which  gives  some  idea  of  his  splendour  and  hospitality. 
VOL.  I.  2D 


202  HOUSEHOLD    OF    ARCHBISHOP    PARKER,   1^66. 

"  Dr.  Drewrie,  the  Master  of  the  Faculties.  The  Doctors  and  Chaplains  every 
one  Man  without  any  wages. 

"  Chief  Secretary  20  nobles  wages,  and  one  Man. 

"  Stewdents,  Antiquaries,  and  Writers. 

"  Gentlemen  of  the  Horse  ^£.4  wages. 

"  Gentlemen  Huishers  two,  like  wages,  and  every  one  of  them  one  Servant. 

"  Of  the  Private  Chamber,  one  Gentleman,  ^£3.  6s.  Sd. ;  three  others  ;  Gen- 
tleman Daily  Waiters,  16  or  14,  every  one  of  them  ^£.$  wages.  Clerk  of 
Kitchin  40s.  wages,  and  his  fee.     The  Cater  405.  wages. 

"  The  Master  Cook,  Larderers,  and  Postler,  besides  four  Pages  ;  this  four 
nobles  wages,  the  other  40s.  and  their  fees. 

"  Yeomen  of  the  Squillery  and  two  Gromes. 

"  Yeomen  Usher  of  theGreat  Chamber  and  of  the  Hall,  four  marks  wages  the  peece. 

"  Yeomen  Waiters  eight. 

"  Yeoman  Officers,  two  in  every  office  ;  as  Panthers,  Butlers,  Ewrers,  Sellerers, 
Wardrobe. 

"  Yeoman  of  the  Horse. 

"  Master  of  the  Bardge,  ^£.4  wages. 

"  Porters,  Granator,  Sub-Almoner,  Slawterman,  Gardner,  ^£4.  wages. 

"  Gromes  of  the  Presence  of  the  Privie-Chamber,  Hall,  Parler,  Chappell, 
Landry,  of  the  Stable,  six  ;  two  Laborers;  Ewerie  Yeoman  ;  Officers  last  men- 
tioned and  Groomes  40*.  the  pece  wages  ;  amounting  to  yerly  at  ,^.200  wages, 
which  was  paid  every  quarter  eve  in  the  counting-house  by  the  Steward,  who  was 
ever  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  of  the  Quorum  in  Kent  and  Surrey  ;  having  the 
rule  and  government  of  all  the  Household  save  the  other  two  Chief  Officers  and 
Chaplains  ;  being  to  entertain  noble  personages  and  men  of  great  place  til  thei 
wer  brought  to  the  Archbishop  ;  to  take  account  of  the  bills  of  every  Under- 
officer,  and  to  allow  or  disallow  of  them. 

"  All  thes  had  allowance  for  their  diett  in  the  hall  at  Lamhith  ;  as  first  was  the 
Steward's  table  on  the  one  side,  for  himself,  his  two  fellow  Officers,  Gentlemen  of 
the  Horse,  Secretaries,  Gentleman-Usher,  that  waited  not  at  the  Archbishop's 
table,  with  other  Gentlemen- Waiters  :  and  if  al  cold  not  sit  thear  thei  were  placed 
at  the  Gentlemen's  table.  Next  to  that  table,  over  against  the  Steward's  table  on 
the  other  side  of  the  hall,  had  the  Almoner  his  table,  with  the  Chapleins  and 
the  Stewdents  ;  and  either  of  thes  tables  had  like  allowance  of  diet,  manchet, 
and  wine.     The  Gentlemen's  long  table,  at  first  sitting,  was  for  some  Gentlemen 


HOUSEHOLD    OF    ARCHBISHOP    PARKER,    1$66.  203 

of  household  and  manors,  and  for  the  Archbishop's  Waiters  when  he  had  dined. 
On  the  other  side  against  them  sat  the  Yeomen- Waiters  and  Yeomen-Officers, 
that  attended  not,  and  meaner  sort  of  strangers.  At  the  table  next  the  hall  dore 
sat  the  Cooks  and  attendant  Yeomen  Officers.  Over  against  them  sat  the  Gromes 
before  mentioned  of  the  stable  and  other  extern  places.  Then,  at  the  nether  end 
of  the  hall,  by  the  pantry,  was  a  table,  wherat  was  dailie  entertained  eight  or  ten 
of  the  poor  of  the  town  by  turn.  The  Sub-Almoner  had  a  chest  for  broken  mete 
and  brede,  and  a  tub  with  broken  beer,  for  reliefe  of  other  poore,  as  they  wer  put 
in  bills  parted  among  them  *. 

"  Touching  the  Parsons,  besides  his  ordinary  servantes  that  he  had  in  private 
lodgings,  his  wife,  who  kept  a  table,  whither  oft  came  Gentlewomen  and  other 
friends  ;  where  was  also  daily,  imprimis,  his  eldest  son  and  his  wife  (who  had,  as 
also  the  yonger  son  and  his  wife,  a  woman  and  man  servant)  ;  his  brother  Baker's 
wife,  her  daughter  and  maide;  his  neece  Gierke,  her  son,  and  a  maide  servant;  the 
Comptroller's  wife,  who  had  a  maide  of  her  own  ;  maide  servants  mi ;  in  toto  16*. 

"  Of  those  that  were  his  household  servants,  of  good  birth  and  parentage,  weare 
Egremont  Ratcliff,  half  brother  to  the  Earl  of  Sussex,  Lord  Chamberlain  ; 
Charles  Gray,  brother  to  the  Earl  of  Kent ;  Edward  Cobham,  brother  to  the 
Lord  Warden  Cobham,  Privie  Counsellor  ;  Richard  Bingham,  after  a  Knight  and 
worthie  soldier  in  Ireland  ;  Geffrey  Benton,  Secretarie  of  Estate  and  Privie  Coun- 
seiler  thear  ;  John  StafFord,  son  to  the  Lady  Stafford  of  the  Queen's  Bedchamber; 
Warham  St.  Leger  ;  Henry  Harrington,  brother  to  the  Lord  Harrington  ;  Henry 

'  Strype  gives  this  further  account  of  Archbishop  Parker's  hospitality :  "  In  the  daily  eating  this 
was  the  custom.  The  Stewards,  with  the  servants  that  were  Gentlemen  of  the  better  rank,  sat  down 
at  the  tables  in  the  Hall  on  the  right  hand  ;  and  the  Almoner,  with  the  Clergy  and  the  other  servants, 
sat  on  the  other  side ;  where  there  was  plenty  of  all  sorts  of  provision  both  for  eating  and  drinking. 
The  daily  fragments  thereof  did  suffice  to  fill  the  bellies  of  a  great  number  of  poor  hungry  people 
that  waited  at  the  gate ;  and  so  constant  and  unfailing  was  this  provision  at  my  Lord's  table,  that 
whosoever  came  in  either  at  dinner  or  supper,  being  not  above  the  degree  of  a  Knight,  might  here 
be  entertained  worthy  of  his  quality,  either  at  the  Steward's  or  at  theAlmoner's  table.  And  moreover, 
it  was  the  Archbishop's  command  to  his  servants  that  all  strangers  should  be  received  and  treated  with 
all  manner  of  civility  and  respect,  and  that  places  at  the  table  should  be  assigned  them  according  to 
their  dignity  and  quality:  which  redounded  much  to  the  praise  and  commendation  of  the  Archbishop. 
The  discourse  and  conversation  at  meals  was  void  of  all  brawling  and  loud  talking,  and  for  the  most 
part  consisted  in  framing  men's  manners  to  Religion,  or  in  some  other  honest  and  beseeming  subject. 
There  was  a  Monitor  of  the  Hall ;  and  if  it  happened  that  any  spoke  too  loud,  or  concerning  things 
less  decent,  it  was  presently  husht  by  one  that  cried  Silence.  The  Archbishop  loved  hospitality,  and 
no  man  shewed  it  so  much,  and  with  better  order,  though  he  himself  was  very  abstemious." 


204  HOUSEHOLD  OF  ARCHBISHOP  PARKER,  1$66. 

Mainard  ;  who  all  cam  after  to  the  honour  of  Knighthood  ;  and  many  more  that 
wear  Knights'  sons,  and  of  good  birth,  owt  of  fower  contaies,  as  of  the  Scotts 
in  Kent,  Morlies,  Parkers,  Jermyes,  Doyles,  Nevils. 

"  He  had  also,  as  part  of  his  household,  several  persons  of  eminence  that  were 
committed  to  him  in  free  custody;  namely,  Cuthbert  Tonstall,  Bishop  of  Durham, 
whom  he  entertained  most  kindly.  But  that  learned  and  excellent  man  lived  but 
about  four  months  in  this  Palace,  and  dying  November  18,  1559,  aged  83,  was 
buried  in  Lambeth  Church.  Thomas  Thirlby,  the  deprived  Bishop  of  Norwich, 
was  also  his  guest  upwards  of  ten  years,  and  was  buried  near  Bishop  Tonstal  :  not 
to  mention  Dr.  Boxal,  late  Secretary  to  Queen  Mary.  All  these  had  lodgings  to 
themselves ;  several  with  chambers  for  three  men,  and  diet  for  them  all  in 
those  lodgings  ;  save  only  when  they  were  called  to  the  Archbishop's  own  table 
(when  he  dined,  as  the  speech  went  abroad,  out  of  his  own  private  lodging  three 
days  weeklie  ;  and  then  persons  of  the  degree  of  Knights  and  upwards  came  to 
him)  ;  fewel  for  their  fier,  and  candle  for  their  chambers ;  without  any  allowance 
for  all  this,  either  from  the  Queen  or  from  themselves  ;  saving  at  their  deths  he 
had  from  them  some  part  of  their  libraries  that  thei  had  thar.  Often  had  he 
others  committed  or  commended  unto  him  from  the  Queen  or  Privie  Council  to 
be  entertained  by  him  at  his  charge,  as  well  of  other  nations  as  home  subjects  ; 

namely,  the  L as  a  prisoner,  and  after  the  L.  H.  Howard,  brother  to  the 

Duke  of  Norfolk.  Those  ever  sat  (but  when  thei  wear  with  the  Archbishop  him- 
self) at  the  Steward's  table,  who  had  provision  of  diett  aynserable  to  their  callinge, 
and  thei  had  also  fewell  to  their  chambers." 


The  Queen's  Progress  this  Summer  is  thus  recorded  in  Lord  Burghley's  Diary: 

1566,  June  . .  .  Fulsharst,  a  Foole,  was  suborned  to  speak  slanderously  of  me 
at  Greenwych  to  the  Queen's  Majesty  ;  for  which  he  was  committed  to  Bridewell. 

16.  A  discord  inter  Com.  Sussex  &  Lecester  at  Greenwych,  there  appeased 
by  her  Majesty. 

21.  Accord  between  the  Erie  Sussex  and  Lecester  afore  hir  Majesty  at 
Greenwich. 

Aug.  3.     The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  Collyweston  1  in  Northamtonshire. 

1  Collyweston  had  descended  to  the  Crown  in  1521,  on  the  attainder  of  Edward  Earl  of  Stafford, 
third  Duke  of  Buckingham  of  that  Family;  and  in  1523,  King  Henry  VIII.  appointed  David  Cecil 
(grandfather  of  Secretary  Cecil)  his  Steward  of  this  Manor.  Leland  says,  "  Collyweston  for  the  most  part 
is  of  new  building,  by  the  Lady  Margaret,  mother  of  Henry  VIII.   The  Lord  Cromwell  had  afore  begun 


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THE    &UEEN    AT    STAMFORD,    AND    AT    WOODSTOCK,   1 566.  205 

5.     The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  my  house  Stamford  1. 

31.     The  Queen,  in  Progress,  went  from  Woodstock  to  Oxford. 

a  house  there.  Bagges  or  purses  remayne  in  the  chapel  and  other  places." — A  View  of  the  Garden, 
or  East  front  of  this  House,  from  a  drawing  by  Mr.  John  Langton,  is  given  in  Peck's  Desiderata 
Curiosa.  The  same  front,  and  also  the  West  as  at  present  improved,  are  engraved  by  Mr.  Watts, 
among  his  beautiful  Views,  PI.  XXI.  and  XLI.  and  a  more  general  view  after  P.  Sandby,  Esq.  by 
F.  Chesham,  in  the  Virtuosi's  Museum,  Plate  XCI. 

1  In  1565,  the  Queen  passed  through  Stamford  in  her  Progress  to  Lincolnshire  3  and  dined  at  the 
White  Friary ;  when  as  soon  as  she  left  the  house,  it  fell  to  the  ground.  Aug.  5,  the  Queen  was  enter- 
tained at  Lord  Burghley's  house  at  Stamford,  in  the  Grey  Friary,  because  his  daughter  Anne  was  suddenly 
seized  with  the  small-pox  at  Burghley. — For  particulars  of  the  Queen's  Visits  see  under  1572,  1575, 
1591,  and  1594. — His  own  account  of  the  various  houses  in  which  these  honours  were  conferred  on 
him  is  thus  preserved  by  Strype. — Speaking  of  the  slanders  raised  against  him  by  his  enemies,  Lord 
Burghley  says  to  a  nameless  friend,  Aug.  14,  15S5  :  "If  my  buildings  mislike  them,  I  confess  my 
folly  in  the  expences,  because  some  of  my  houses  are  to  come,  if  God  so  please,  to  them  that  shall 
not  have  land  to  match  them  :  I  mean  my  house  at  Theobalds  ;  which  was  begun  by  me  with  a  mean 
mesure  5  but  encreast  by  occasion  of  her  Majesty's  often  coming :  whom  to  please,  I  never  would 
omit  to  strain  myself  to  more  charges  than  building  it.  And  yet  not  without  some  espcial  direction 
of  her  Majesty.  Upon  fault  found  with  the  smal  mesure  of  her  Chamber,  which  was  in  good 
mesure  for  me  ;  I  was  forced  to  enlarge  a  room  for  a  larger  chamber  :  which  need  not  be  envied  of 
any  for  riches  in  it,  more  than  the  shew  of  old  oaks,  and  such  trees  with  painted  leaves  and  fruit. 
[And  coats  of  armes  ;  for  so  he  had  painted  this  new  room  for  the  Queen  ;  set  forth  with  several 
trees,  of  several  sorts,  with  the  armes  of  the  Nobility,  Officers  of  State,  the  Bishops,  &c] 

"  I  thank  God,  I  owe  nothing  to  these  backbiters,  though  indeed  much  to  many  honest  persons  : 
•whom  I  mind  to  pay  without  bribery  or  villany. 

"  For  my  house  in  Westminster,  I  think  it  so  old,  as  it  should  not  stir  any  ;  many  having  of  later 
times  built  larger  by  far,  both  in  City  and  Country.  And  yet  the  building  thereof  cost  me  the  sale  of 
lands  worth  an  a^.100  by  year  in  Staffordshire,  that  I  had  of  good  King  Edward. 

"  My  house  of  Burghley  is  of  my  mother's  inheritance  ;  who  liveth  and  is  the  owner  thereof :  and 
I  but  a  parmour.  And  for  the  building  there,  I  have  set  my  walls  upon  the  old  foundation.  Indeed, 
I  have  made  the  rough  stone  walls  to  be  of  square.  And  yet  one  side  remaineth  as  my  father  left  it 
me.  I  trust  my  son  shall  be  able  to  maintain  it,  considering  that  there  are  in  that  Shire  a  dozen 
larger,  of  men  under  my  degree. 

"  Now  shortly,  for  my  son's  adhering  to  Northumberland,  I  mervail  why  he  should  not  bear  favour 
to  him  who  was  his  brother-in-law,  as  long  as  he  knew  no  faults.  My  son  married  his  wife's  sister,  when 
nobody  saw  likelihood  that  Sir  Henry  Percie  should  be  an  Earl.  For  his  purchases,  I  know,  that  he 
hath  ventured  upon  more  bargains  than  I  allowed.  But  I  wish  he  had  not  sold  his  wife's  land  of 
ancient  title  in  Westmerland,  in  Cornwall,  in  Northamptonshire,  and  Worcestershire,  of  more  value 
than  he  hath  bought.  They  that  envy  him  herein,  if  they  be  for  thriving,  would  not  commit  such  a 
folly,  to  buy  new  racked  lands  for  ancient.  And  at  this  day  I  know,  he  doth  repent  himself.  But  I 
will  end  my  paper :  wishing  you  could  procure  some  person  to  utter  these  things  to  ourselves  ;  and 
not  cowardly  to  backbite  us.     Your  loving  friend.     W.  B.' 


206 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    OXFORD,  1566  *. 

The  University  being  pretty  well  recruited  and  settled  with  good  government, 
(howbeit  not  replenished  with  learned  men  for  the  reasons  before  expressed),  it 
pleased  Queen  Elizabeth  to  visit  it  in  her  Progrees  taken  this  year.  At  Cam- 
bridge she  had  been  there  two  years  ago  joyfully  received  2  and  entertained  with 
Comedies  and  Tragedies  ;  and  then,  or  a  little  before,  would  have  come  to  Ox- 
ford :  but,  her  intention  being  diverted  by  the  dregs  of  a  plague  then  remaining 
there,  deferred  her  coming  till  this  year.  Of  which,  and  her  Entertainment,  I 
find  it  thus  recorded. 

The  29th  of  August,  being  Thursday,  which  was  two  days  before  her  coming 
to  Oxford,  the  Marquis  of  Northampton  (Parre),  Earl  Dudley  of  Leycester,  Lord 
Strange,  Lord  Sheffield,  Lord  Paget,  Barons;  Sir  William  Cecil,  one  of  the  Secre- 
taries of  State  ;  Sir  Nicholas  Throgmorton,  and  others  ;  came  to  Oxford,  to  see 
what  provision  was  made  by  the  University  for  the  Entertainment  of  the  Queen. 
Dr.  Kennall,  the  Vice-chancellor,  and  the  Heads  of  the  University,  rode  to  meet 
this  honourable  company,  appointing  the  Scholars  to  stand  in  order  within  Christ 
Church  quadrangle,  to  receive  the  Earl  of  Leycester,  Chancellor  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  the  rest  of  the  Nobility  that  should  come  with  him  ;  but,  before  and  at 
the  entrance  of  these  Noblemen,  it  rained  so  vehemently,  that  they  entered 
straightway  into  Dr.  KennalPs  lodging.  However,  as  it  was  before  appointed, 
one  Mr.  Thomas  Pottes,  of  that  house,  made  an  Oration  to  the  Earl  of  Leycester  ; 
and  Mr.  Robert  Benson  another  to  the  Secretary  ;  both  which  being  ended,  the 
Secretary,  after  he  had  talked  with  Mr.  Pottes3  of  the  cause  why  Aristotle,  in  his 
Poetics,  wrote  de  Monarchic,  being  (as  he  said)  at  that  time  no  Monarch  in  the 
world,  entered  into  further  talk  concerning  the  Privileges  of  the  University  of 
Oxford  ;  and  then  forthwith  they  went  to  dinner. 

Afterwards  three  Bachelors  of  Christ  Church  were  called  in,  to  dispute  upon 
this  Question,  then  presently  proposed  by  Mr.  Secretary  : 

Ad  divitice  plus  conferant  ad  doctrinam  persequendam  quam  paupertas  ! 

1  From  Wood's  MS.  corrected  by  Mr.  Gough. 

4  See  in  a  Book,  intituled,  "  Regina  Literata,  sive  de  adventu  Elizabethan  Reg.  ad  Acad.  Cant." 
edit.  Lond.  1568. 
3  John  Pottes,  of  Merton  College,  "  insignis  Philosophus,  &  Medicus  satis  peritus."   "Athen.  Qxoru 


THE  aUEEN's  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  I566.  207 

which  being  handled  very  well  to  their  content,  they  departed  about  three  or  four 
of  the  clock  in  the  afternoon  to  Woodstock. 

The  3 1st  of  August,  being  Saturday,  the  Earl  of  Huntington,  Earl  of  Leycester, 
and  other  persons  of  quality,  went  to  the  Schools  in  the  morning,  and  heard  Dr. 
Humphreys,  the  Regius  Professor,  read,  to  his  great  commendation,  in  the  Divi- 
nity School ;  and,  after  that,  certain  Disptutations  in  that  Faculty. 

In  the  evening  came  the  Queen,  with  a  noble  retinue,  from  Woodstock  ;  and 
at  the  uttermost  part  of  the  University  Liberties,  near  Wolvercot,  the  Earl  of  Ley- 
cester, Chancellor,  four  Doctors  in  their  scarlet  habits,  namely,  Kennall,  the  Vice- 
chancellor  or  Commissary ;  Humphrey  \  President  of  Magdalen  College ; 
Godwyn,  Dean  of  Christ  Church  ;  and  Whyte,  Warden  of  New  College  ;  with 
eight  Masters  that  were  heads  of  Houses  ;  in  their  habits,  met  the  Queen  ;  and, 
after  obeisance  done  to  her,  the  Chancellor  of  the  University,  who  before  her  re- 
ceived the  staves  of  the  three  Esquire  Beadles  then  present,  delivered  them  up  to 
her  ;  but  she  no  sooner  had  received,  but  gave  them  up  again  to  the  Chancellor, 
and  he  forthwith  to  the  Beadles.  After  this  was  done,  an  Oration  was  spoken 
before  her  by  Marbeck,  the  late  Orator,  now  Provost  of  Oriel  College,  beginning 
thus  :  "  Multa  sunt  divina  erga  nos  honitatis"  &c. ;  which  being  finished,  the 
Queen  said  to  him,  "  We  have  heard  of  you  before,  but  now  we  know  you." 
The  Spanish  Embassador,  named  Goseman  2,  then  with  her,  said  also,  "  Nonpauca 
multis,  sed  multa  paucis  complexus  est."  Then  the  Queen  gave  him  her  hand  to 
kiss,  as  she  did  at  the  same  time  to  the  Vice-chancellor,  Doctors,  and  Masters  ; 
but  while  Humphrey  was  doing  that  compliment,  the  Queen  said,  "  Dr.  Hum- 
phrey, methinks  this  gown  and  habit  becomes  you  very  well  ;  and  I  marvel  that 
you  are  so  straight-laced  in  this  point :  but  I  come  not  now  to  chide  3." 

1  Educated  at  Cambridge,  made  Demy,  Fellow,  and  President  ©f  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  Queen's 
Professor  of  Divinity,  and  Dean  of  Gloucester  and  Winchester  5  a  great  and  general  scholar,  an  able 
linguist,  a  deep  divine,  and  for  his  excellency  of  style,  exactness  of  method,  and  substance  of  matter 
in  his  writings,  eh  went,  says  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.  vol.  II.  p.  242),  beyond  most  of  our  theologists.  Some 
further  particulars  of  him  may  be  seen  in  p.  230.  Wood  gives  two  lines  of  his  under  the  arms  of 
Dr.  Lee,  Archhishop  of  York,  in  the  windows  of  the  Founder's  chambers  at  his  College.  (lb.  vol.  II. 
p.  61): 

"  Unus  erat  Leyus  velut  inter  sydera  Phcebus, 
Sic  vicit  suos  temporis  ipsi  sui." 

*  Dedicus  Gosemannus  de  Sylva. 

3  "  The  Queen  reflects  upon  Dr.  Humphrey  for  his  preciseness."     Wood. 


208  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT   OXFORD,  1^66. 

These  things  boing  done,  she  and  her  Nobility,  with  the  Chancellor,  Doctors^ 
Masters,  and  Beadles,  before  her,  rid  towards  Oxford  ;  and  being  within  half  a 
mile  of  it,  the  Mayor,  named  Thomas  Williams,  with  the  Aldermen,  and  certain 
Burgesses,  to  the  number  of  thirteen,  received  her  Majesty.  He  then,  in  the  first 
place,  delivered  up  his  mace  to  her,  which  she  forthwith  returned  again  ;  then  he 
spoke  an  English  Oration  ;  and  presented,  in  the  name  of  the  whole  City,  a  cup 
of  silver,  double-gilt,  worth  ^10.  and  in  it  about  ^40.  in  old  gold.  This  gift 
was  the  first  in  money  that  ever,  as  I  can  yet  learn,  was  presented  to  a  Prince  ; 
for  at  the  coming  of  any  one  to  the  University  before  this  time,  the  custom  was, 
that  the  Citizens  should  give  them  five  oxen,  as  many  sheep,  veales,  lambs,  and 
sugar-loaves  :  but  this  numerus  quinarius  was  now  altered  by  Sir  Francis  Knollys, 
the  City-Steward,  and  converted  into  money,  which  yet  continueth. 

Afterwards  entering  into  the  City,  in  a  rich  chariot,  about  five  or  six  of  the 
clock  at  night,  one  Robert  Deale,  of  New  College,  spake  before  her  at  the  North- 
gate,  called  Bocardo,  an  Oration  in  the  name  of  all  the  Scholars,  that  stood  one 
by  one  on  each  side  of  the  street,  from  that  place  to  Quatervois  ;  which  being 
finished,  she  went  forward,  the  Scholars  all  kneeling,  and  unanimously  crying, 
"  Vivat  Regina ;"  which  the  Queen  taking  very  kindly,  answered  oftentimes  with 
a  joyful  countenance,  "  Gratias  ago,  gratias  ago?' 

At  her  coming  to  Quartervois  (commonly  called  Carfax),  an  Oration  was  made 
in  the  Greek  tongue  by  Mr.  Lawrence,  the  King's  Professor  of  that  language  in 
the  University  ;  which  being  finished,  she  seemed  to  be  so  well  pleased  with  it, 
that  she  gave  him  thanks  in  the  Greek  tongue  ;  adding,  "  that  it  was  the  best 
Oration  that  ever  she  heard  in  Greek  ;  and  that  we  would  answer  you  presently, 
but  with  this  great  company  we  are  somewhat  abashed  :  we  will  talk  more  with 
you  in  our  Chamber." 

From  thence,  passing  by  the  Bachelors  and  Masters,  that  stood  in  like  order  as 
the  Scholars,  and  in  their  formalities,  she  came  to  the  Hall  door  of  Christ  Church, 
where  another  Oration  was  spoken  by  Mr.  Kingsmyll  \  Orator  of  the  University; 

1  "  Here,  by  the  way/'  says  Wood,  "  to  shew  how  great  a  regard  the  University  then  paid  to  the 
Calvinistic  Divines,  the  Queen  is  complimented  for  having  recalled  the  followers  of  Peter  Martyr  and 
Martin  Bucer  out  of  Germany,  and  conferring  the  Divinity  Chair  upon  Dr.  Humphrey,  who  is  said  to 
have  been  the  constant  hearer  of  Peter  Martyr,  the  heir  of  his  merits,  and  in  age  only  inferior  to  his 
predecessor." 


THE  QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1$66.  209 

whom  she  thanked,  and  said,  "  You  would  have  done  well,  had  you  had  good 
matter1." 

After  this  she  entered  the  Church  (the  Students  of  Christ  Church  standing 
orderly  in  their  surplices,  crying  "  Vivat  Regina"),  with  a  canopy  carried  over  her 
by  Dr.  Kennall,  Dr.  Humphrey,  Dr.  Thomas  Whyte,  and  Dr.  Richard  Barber. 
On  the  right  side  of  the  choir  was  made  a  travys  for  her  to  say  her  prayers;  where, 
being  settled,  Dr.  Godwyn,  the  Dean,  said  prayers  of  thanksgiving  to  God  for  her 
person's  arrival  at  Oxford :  in  the  middle  of  which  service  was  an  anthem,  called 
Te  Deum,  sung  to  cornets  3 ;  which  being  done,  she  departed  thence  to  her  lodg- 
ings through  Dr.  Westphaling's, garden. 

There  were  set  upon  the  gates  and  walls  of  Christ  Church,  where  the  Queen  was 
to  pass  by,  several  copies  of  verses  in  Latin  and  Greek;  and  at  the  great  gate  a 
long  scroll  of  verses  stuck  up,  made  by  Dr.  John  Piers.  Among  others,  these 
were  made  by  James  Calfhill,  one  of  the  Canons  : 

"  Inclyta  fceminei  Virgo,  quae  gloria  sexus 
Et  generis  decus,  et  gentis  Regina  Britannae, 
Grata  venis  nobis,  perfectaque  gaudia  portas, 
Imperfecta  tui  subiens  monumenta  parentis." 

The  first  of  September,  being  Sunday,  Dr.  William  Overton,  of  Magdalen 
College,  made  an  English  Sermon  in  the  Cathedral  of  Christ  Church  in  the  fore- 
noon ;  and  in  the  afternoon  there  Mr.  Thomas  Harrys,  of  New  College ;  where, 
for  the  reception  of  the  Queen,  was  a  travis  erected  a  considerable  height  from  the 
ground,  just  opposite  to  the  pulpit.  In  the  afternoon  she  was  present :  but  in  the 
morning  absent  upon  some  indisposition  of  body  :  at  which  time,  being  in  her 
Privy  Chamber,  there  was  brought  into  her  presence  a  very  pretty  boy,  named  Peter 
Carew  (son,  as  I  think,  of  Dr.  Carew,  late  Dean  of  Christ  Church),  who,  making 
an  Oration  to  her  in  Latin,  with  two  Greek  verses  at  the  end,  pleased  her  so  much, 
that  she  forthwith  sent  for  Secretary  Cecyll  to  hear  it ;  who  being  come,  she  com- 
manded the  boy  to  pronounce  it  again,  saying  before  he  began,  "  I  pray  God,  my 

1  Edwardus  VI«s}  suavissimus  frater  tuus, — quam  singulari  benignitate  vel  hanc  Academiam  vel 
Cantabrigian*  complexus  est,  turn  ostendit,  cum  Petrum  Martyrem  &  Martinum  Bucerum,  pios 
sane  &  doctos  patres,  hue  ex  ultimis  Germanize  partibus  evocarit.  Quorum  multos  sane  filios 
tua,  O  sacratissima  regina,  bonitas  ex  eadem  ilia  Germania  collegit,  &  P.  Martyris  selectissimum  audi- 
torem  P.  Martyris  meritissimum  haeredem  fecisti,  patri  certe  suo  sola  aetate  inferiorem. 

1  The  Queen's  fondness  for  Musick  is  well  known,  and  will  be  elsewhere  noticed. 
VOL.  I.  2  E 


210  THE    GLUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    OXFORD,   1  $66. 

fine  boy,  thou  mayst  say  it  so  well  as  thou  didst  to  me  just  before."  Which  being 
done  according  to  her  wish,  she,  with  Cecyll  and  divers  eminent  persons  then  pre- 
sent, were  much  taken  as  well  with  the  Speech  as  with  the  Orator.  At  night  was 
acted  in  Christ  Church  Hall,  upon  a  large  scaffold  erected,  set  about  with  stately 
lights  of  wax  variously  wrought,  a  Latin  play,  called  Marcus  Geminus ;  at  which 
were  present  all  the  Nobility,  as  also  the  Spanish  Embassador,  who  afterwards  com- 
mended it  so  highly  to  the  Queen,  being  then  absent,  that  she  said,  "  In  troth,  I 
will  lose  no  more  sport  hereafter,  for  the  good  report  that  I  hear  of  these  your 
good  doings."  The  Embassador  then  said,  "  Multa  vidi,  sed  hcec  sunt  admiranda; 
et  sic  referam  ubi  in  patriam  venero" 

The  2d  of  September,  being  Monday,  the  Embassador,  with  divers  Noblemen, 
went  before  noon  to  hear  public  and  ordinary  Lectures  and  Disputations,  which  were 
duly  kept  in  the  schools  all  the  time  the  Queen  was  in  Oxford,  as  at  other  times  in 
full  term.  The  most  part  that  they  spent  in  the  schools  was  in  hearing  Dr.  Hum- 
phrey read,  whose  Lecture  they  commended  very  much.  Afterwards  they  rode  to 
New  College,  for  whose  reception  (the  Chancellor  of  the  University  and  Secretary 
Cecyll  being  with  them)  two  Orations  were  made ;  one  by  Gregory  Coriat,  and 
the  other  by  William  Raynolds,  Bachelors  of  Arts. 

The  first  of  which  being  well  approved,  the  author  received  for  his  pains  half 
a  suffran.  In  the  afternoon  the  Queen  thought  to  have  heard  Disputations  in  Christ 
Church  Hall :  but  the  stage  taking  up  the  room,  it  could  not  well  be ;  so  that,  keep- 
ing for  the  most  part  within  her  lodging,  Mr.  Thomas  Neale,  the  Hebrew  Pro- 
fessor, presented  to  her  Majesty  a  book  of  all  the  Prophets,  translated  out  of 
Hebrew  by  him;  and  a  little  book  of  Latin  verses,  containing  the  description  of 
every  College,  Public  Schools  and  Halls,  with  the  names  of  the  respective 
founders  of  each  College,  and  time  of  foundations. 

At  night  the  Queen  heard  the  first  part  of  an  English  play,  named  "  Paloemon, 
or  Palamon  Arcyte,"  made  by  Mr.  Richard  Edwards,  a  Gentlemen  of  her  Chapel, 
acted  with  very  great  applause  in  Christ  Church  Hall. 

At  the  beginning  of  which  play,  there  was,  by  part  of  the  stage  which  fell, 
three  persons  slain :  namely,  Walker,  a  Scholar  of  St.  Mary  Hall  ;  one  Penrice,  a 
Brewer  ;  and  John  Gilbert,  Cook  of  Corpus  Christi  College ;  beside  five  that  were 
hurt :  which  disaster  coming  to  the  Queen's  knowledge,  she  sent  forthwith  the 
Vice-chancellor  and  her  Chirurgeons  to  help  them,  and  to  have  a  care  that  they 
want  nothing  for  their  recovery. 


THE    ftUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,   1566.  211 

Afterwards  the  actors  performed  their  parts  so  well,  that  the  Queen  laughed 
heartily  thereat,  and  gave  the  author  of  the  play  great  thanks  for  his  pains. 

The  3d  of  September,  being  Tuesday,  the  Queen,  with  her  Nobility,  went  on 
foot  after  dinner  to  St.  Mary's  Church,  to  hear  Disputations  in  natural  and  moral 
philosophy,  continuing  from  two  of  the  clock  till  six  ;  before  whose  coming  there 
were  divers  copies  of  verses,  in  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew,  set  upon  the  doors  and 
walls ;  and  a  certain  map  of  Oxford,  made  (as  'tis  said)  by  the  before-mentioned 
Mr.  Neale,  describing  the  Colleges  and  Halls,  with  verses  written  under  each  place, 
which  hung  not  only  up  for  that  day,  but  for  two  days  following.  What  became 
of  this  map  afterwards  I  know  not ;  sure  I  am,  that  the  effigies  or  draughts  of  the 
said  Colleges,  with  verses  underwritten,  were  remitted  into  a  paper-book  by  the 
care  of  the  said  Mr.  Neale  *,  and  is  at  this  time  kept  as  a  monument  in  Bodley's 
archives.  There  was  in  St.  Mary's  Church  a  fair  large  scaffold,  set  up  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  Disputations,  reaching  from  the  nether  end  of  the  Church  to  the 
door  of  the  Choir.  Towards  the  upper  end  was  a  void  place  left,  wherein  a  travys 
was  set  up,  and  underneath  a  cloth  of  state,  for  the  Queen  ;  and  by  it  a  partition 
made  for  the  Ladies  and  Maids  of  Honour. 

In  Natural  Philosophy  Mr.  Edmund  Campian,  of  St  John's  College,  was  Re- 
spondent ;  Mr.  John  Belly,  of  Oriel  College,  Moderator  or  Determiner ;  and  four 
that  were  Opponents,  of  which  Mr.  Richard  Bristow,  of  Exeter,  was  one.  When 
Campian  came  to  this  part  in  the  Oration,  "  Deus  servet  Majestatem  tuam,  te 
quae  hcec  facis,  te  quae  hcec  mones"  the  Queen,  smilingly,  said  to  the  Earl  of 
Leycester,  "  You,  my  Lord,  must  still  be  one."  In  Moral  Disputations,  Mr. 
John  Wolley,  of  Merton  College,  was  Respondent ;  and  Mr.  Thomas  Cooper,  of 
Magdalen  College,  Moderator;  both  much  commended.  There  were  also  four 
that  opposed  ;  of  which  the  Senior  was  Mr.  James  Leech,  of  Merton  College, 
who  when  he  accidentally  said  in  his  Disputations,  "  Vita,  et  se  opus  est  et  morte 
comprobabo"  the  Queen,  being  much  pleased  thereat,  said  to  her  retinue  about 
her,  "  Excellent!  O,  excellent!" 

The  4th  of  September,  being  Wednesday,  the  Nobility  went  in  the  morning  to 
Merton  College ;  in  the  Warden's  lodgings  of  which,  the  Spanish  Embassador 
lodged  ;  and,  repairing  to  the  common  hall,  heard  Disputations  on  the  first  ques- 
tion of  Natural  Philosophy,  and  the  second  on  Moral,  having  been  not  disputed 
on  the  day  before  at  St.  Mary's  ;  the  Opponents  were  all  the  same,  but  Respondent 

1  See  hereafter,  p.  217- 


212  THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1^66. 

not.  The  Queen  dined  that  day  at  Christ  Church  ;  but  the  Council  at  Magdalen 
College ;  where,  after  dinner,  Secretary  Cecyll  caused  three  Bachelors  of  Arts 
presently  to  declaim,  who  should  have  the  father's  goods,  the  Lawyer,  Physician, 
or  Orator. 

In  the  afternoon  the  Queen  went  to  St.  Mary's,  to  hear  disputations  in  the  Civil 
Law ;  and  continued  there  about  four  hours.     Dr.  William  Aubrey,  late  Fellow 
of  All  Souls,  was  the  Respondent ;  and  Dr.  Kennall,  the  commissary,  Moderator ; 
who,  when  he  would  have  cut  off  Dr.  Thomas  Whyte,  of  New  College,  one  of  the 
Opponents,  because  his  disputations  were  too  large,  the  Queen  liked  him  so  well, 
that  she  willed  him  by  all  means  to  go  forward.     At  night  the  Queen  was  present 
at  the  other  part  of  the  play  of  Palaemon  and  Arcyte,  which  should  have  been 
acted  the  night  before,  but  deferred  because  it  was  late  when  the  Queen  came 
from  disputations   at  St.  Mary's.      When  the  play  was  ended,  she  called  for 
Mr.  Edwards,  the  author,  and  gave  him  very  great  thanks,  with  praises  of  reward, 
for  his  pains :  then  making  a  pause,  said  to  him  and  her  retinue  standing  about 
her,  this  relating  to  part  of  the  play :  "  By  Palaemon,  I  warrant  he  dallieth  not 
in  love  when  he  was  in  love  indeed ;  by  Arcyte,  he  was  a  right  martial  knight, 
having  a  swart  countenance  and  a  manly  face ;  by  Trecatio,  God's  pity,  what  a 
knave  it  is  ;  by  Perithous  throwing  St.  Edward's  rich  cloak  into  the  funeral  fire, 
which  a  stander-by  would  have  stayed  by  the  arm  with  an  oath,  Go,  fool,  he 
knoweth  his  part,  I  warrant."     In  the  said  play  was  acted  a  cry  of  hounds  in  the 
Quadrant,  upon  the  train  of  a  fox  in  the  hunting  of  Theseus,  with  which  the 
young  scholars,  who  stood  in  the  windows,  were  so  much  taken  (supposing  it  was 
real),  that  they  cried  out,  "  Now,  now! — there,  there! — he's  caught,  he's  caught!" 
All  which  the  Queen  merrily  beholding,  said,  "  O,  excellent !  those  boys,  in  very 
troth,  are  ready  to  leap  out  of  the  windows,  to  follow  the  hounds."     This  part, 
it  seems,  being  repeated  before  certain  courtiers,  in  the  lodgings  of  Mr.  Robert 
Marbeck,  one  of  the  Canons  of  Christ  Church,  by  the  players  in  their  gowns 
(for  they  were  all  Scholars  that  acted)  before  the  Queen  came  to  Oxford,  was  by 
them  so  well  liked,  that  they  said  it  far  surpassed  Damon  and  Pythias,  than 
which,  they  thought,  nothing  could  be  better.     Likewise  some  said,  that  if  the 
author  did  any  more  before  his  death,  he  would  run  mad:  but  this  comedy  was 
the  last  he  made ;  for  he  died  within  few  months  after.     In  the  acting  of  the 
said  play,  there  was  a  good  part  performed  by  the  Lady  Amelia,  who,  for  gather- 
ing her  flowers  prettily  in  a  garden  then  represented,  and  singing  sweetly  in  the 


THE    aUEETSt's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1&66.  213 

time  of  March,  received  eight  angels  for  a  gracious  reward  by  her  Majesty's 
command.  By  whom  that  part  was  acted  I  know  not,  unless  by  Peter  Carew, 
the  pretty  boy  before-mentioned. 

The  5th  of  September,  being  Thursday,  were  celebrated  after  dinner  Disputa- 
tions in  Physic,  in  St.  Mary's  Church ;  which  being  soon  done,  those  in  Divinity 
followed.  In  Physic,  Dr.  Thomas  Franceys,  of  Queen's  College,  was  Respondent; 
Dr.  Richard  Masters,  Moderator :  and,  being  seven  Opponents,  but  three  for  want 
of  time  disputed,  viz.  Dr.  Robert  Huycke,  of  Merton  College,  about  this  time  one 
of  the  Queen's  Physicians ;  Dr.  Henry,  and  Dr.  Walter  Baylie,  of  New  College. 
In  Divinity  Disputations  Dr.  Humphrey  was  Respondent;  and  Dr.  Jewell,  Bishop 
of  Salisbury,  Moderator ;  and  being  seven  Opponents,  the  two  last  were  excluded 
for  want  of  time l.  After  Disputations  were  ended,  which  was  about  six  of  the 
clock,  the  Queen,  out  of  her  own  benignity,  made  an  Oration  to  conclude  the 

1  Qucestiones  disputatce  coram  illustrissima  Eegina  Qucestiones  Naturalis  Philosophiee. 

Elizabetha,  Oxonii,  1566*.  1.  Fluxus  &  refluxus  maris,  fit  motione  lunae? 

~      ,.         _,     ,    .  2.  Corpora  inferiora  reguntur  a  superioribus. 

Qucestiones  Theologicce.  or 

.     .       i    j.     .         .....       ,    ,  Respondente,  Mat™  [Edmundo]  Campian. 

1.  An  obediendum  sit  pnncipi  malo  ?  . 

2.  An  ministerium  verbi  sit  dominatio  ?  

Mro  Myrvck,       I 

Respondente,  Dre  [Laur.]  Humphrey.  mo'        "n  •  ^-Opponentibus. 

Dno  [Thoma]  Goodwin,         ")  M'° Bnstow, 

D»o  [Jacobo]  Calfeild,  Mr°  ^™~\  S1uier>    J 

Dno  [Herberto]  Westfaling.     I  Moderators  M~             Bully. 

Dn0  [Johanne]  Pearse,             >Opponentibus.  Qucestiones  Moralis  Philosophiee. 

Dno  [Arthuro]  Yeldar,  1.  Rectius  creatur  rex  successive  quam  elective? 

D00  [Edwardo]  Cradock,  2.  Rectius  regit  rex  quam  lex  ? 

Moderatore,  [Joh.  Jewel]  Episcopo  Sarum.  Respondente,  Mro             Wollen. 

Qucestiones  Physicce.  Mr   Liche,  ] 

1.  Cibus  difficilioris  concoctionis  est  primo  su-         Mr0 Thornton,     lopponentibus 

mendus?  Mr° Buste,  | 

2.  Medicina  prorogat  humanam  vitam.  Mr°  [Tobia]  Matthew,    J 

Respondente,  Dno Francis.  Moderatore,  M™  [Thoma]  Cooper. 

Dn0  Waltero  Bayly,         "|  Qucestiones  Juris  Civilis. 

Dno  [Thoma]  Huicke,      1  1.  Titius  mutuo  accepit  a  Sempronio  c  aureos  j 

Dn0  Henrico  Bayly,           j  PPonen  l  us'                    promittens  se  totidem  resoluturum  ad  festum 

Dno  [Edwardo]  Ast! owe,  J  S.  Michaelis.      Ante  adventum  Michaelis,  ex 

Moderatore,  D"  [  ]  Masters.                        decreto  principis,  diminuta  est  aestimatio  aure- 

*  Peck,  Desiderata  Curiosa,  vol.  II.  276.  B.  VII,  No.  18,  from  Baker's  MSS.  transcribed  by  Dr.  Z.  Grey. 


214  THE    GIUEEN'S   ENTERTAINMENT  AT   OXFORD,  l$66. 

act,  to  the  very  great  delight  and  rejoicing  of  many  hundred  then  present :  but, 
before  she  began,  she  desired  the  Spanish  Embassador  to  do  it;  who  putting  it  off 
with  a  compliment,  she  desired  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  Chancellor  of  the  Univer- 
sity, and  after  him  Secretary  Cecyll ;  but  both  waving  it,  she  now  rose  up,  and 
often  giving  back  with  a  graceful  presence,  spake  as  folio weth  ! : 

"  Qui  male  agit,  odit  lucem  ;  &  ego  quidem  (quia  nihil  aliud  nisi  male  agere 
possum)  idcirco  odi  lucem:  [lucem,]  id  est,  conspectum  vestrum.  Atque  sane  me 
magna  tenet  dubitatio,  dum  singula  considero  quae  hie  aguntur;  laudemne,  an  vitu.- 
perem ;  taceamne,  an  eloquar.  Si  eloquar,  patefaciam  vobis,  quam  sim  literarum 
rudis.  Tacere  autem  nolo,  ne  defectus  videatur  esse  contemptus.  Et,  quia  tempus 
breve  est,  quod  habeo  ad  dicendum,  idcirco  omnia  in  pauca  conferam,  &  ora- 
tionem  meam  in  duas  partes  dividam,  in  laudem  &  vituperationem. 

"  Laus  autem  ad  vos  pertinet.  Ex  quo  enim  primum  Oxoniam  veni,  multa 
vidi,  multa  audivi ;  probavi  omnia.  Erant  enim  &  prudenter  facta,  &  eleganter 
dicta.  At  ea,  [quae]  quibus  in  prologis  vos  ipsi  excusastis,  neque  probare  ut 
regina  possum,  neque  ut  Christiana  debeo.  Caeterum  quia  in  exordio  semper 
adhibuistis  cautionem,  mihi  sane  ilia  disputatio  non  displicuit2. 

"  Nunc  venio  ad  alteram  partem,  nempe  vituperationem.  Atque  hsec  pars  mihi 
propria  est.  Sane  fateor  parentes  meos  diligentissime  curasse,  ut  in  nobis  literis 
recte  instituerer ;  &  quidem  in  multarum  linguarum  varietate  diu  versata  fui, 
quarum  aliquam  mihi  cognitionem  assumo  ;  quod  etsi  vere  tamen  verecunde  dico. 
Habui  quidem  multos  &  doctos  paedagogos,  qui,  ut  me  eruditam  redderent,  dill— 
genter  elaborarunt.     Sed  paedagogi  mei  posuerunt  operam  in  agro  sterili  &  infee- 

orum.  Quseritur,  an  Titius  liberatur  resolvendo         Respondente,  D"o  Aubrye. 

totidem  aureps  ?  D°o White,       *\ 

2.  Orto  bello  inter  reges  Anglise  &  Francise,  ex-         Dre Griffith,       f  _ 

....,..,                                     ~  T  f  Opponentibus. 

tinguunt  privilege  hmc  inde  concessa  j  quae-         Dn0 Loud,  I 

ritur,  si  ineatur  &  concludatur  pax  inter  reges         Dre Laugher, 

praedictos,  an  eo  ipso  reviviscant  privilegia  ?  Moderatore,  Dn0  [Johanne]  Kennal. 

1  Peck,  Desid.  Cur.  II.  277  j  ex  Historia  Ecclesiastica,  Authore  Thoma  Fuller. 

4  Many  Acts  were  kept  before  her  in  Philosophic,  and  one  most  eminent  in  Divinity.  Wherein  Bishop 
Jewell  (this  year  in  his  absence  created  honorarie  Doctour)  was  Moderator.  It  lasted,  in  summer  time, 
'till  candles  were  lighted ;  delight  devouring  all  weariness  in  the  auditors.  When  the  Queen,  impor- 
tuned by  the  Lords  (the  Spanish  Ambassadour,  to  whom  she  had  proffered  it,  modestly  declining  the 
employment)  concluded  all  with  this  her  Latine  Oration.    Fuller's  Church  History,  lib.  ix.  p.  77. 


THE  aUEEN's  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1566.  215 

cundo;  ita  [ut]  fructus  precipere  vix  poterant,  aut  dignitate  mea,  aut  illorum 
laboribus,  aut  vestra  expectatione  dignos. 

"  Quamobrem,  etsi  omnes  vos  me  abunde  laudastis,  ego  tamen,  quae  mihi  con- 
scia  sum,  quam  sim  nulla  laude  digna,  facile  agnosco. 

"  Sed  finem  imponam  orationi  mese,  barbarismis  plense ;  si  prius  optavero  & 
votum  unum  addidero.  Votum  meum  hoc  erit,  ut  me  vivente  sitis  florentissimi, 
me  mortua  beatissimi." 

All  which  being  done,  and  much  applauded  by  the  Auditors,  she  went  to  Christ 
Church ;  and  as  she  passed  out  of  St.  Mary's  Church  door,  Mr.  Edrick,  sometime 
Greek  Reader  of  the  University,  presented  to  her  a  book  of  Greek  verses,  contain- 
ing the  noble  acts  of  her  Father;  the  which  the  Queen  having  no  sooner  received, 
and  looked  on  the  title,  but  Mr.  Edwards,  the  comedian  before-mentioned,  said 
to  the  Queen,  "  Madam,  this  man  was  my  master"  (meaning  his  tutor  in  Corpus 
Christi  College) ;  to  whom  the  Queen  gave  answer,  "  Certainly  he  did  not  give 
thee  whipping  enough." 

After  the  Queen  had  refreshed  herself  with  a  supper,  she,  with  her  Nobility, 
went  into  Christ  Church  Hall,  where  was  acted  before  them  a  Latin  tragedy, 
called  Progne,  made  by  Dr.  James  Calf  hill,  Canon  of  Christ  Church.  After  which 
was  done,  she  gave  the  author  thanks ;  but  it  did  not  take  half  so  well  as  the 
much-admired  play  of  Paloemon  and  Arcyte. 

The  6th  of  September,  being  Friday,  was  a  Convocation  at  nine  of  the  clock, 
where  the  following  noble,  honourable,  and  worshipful  persons  were  created  and 
incorporated  Masters  of  Arts  : 

1.  The  Earl  of  Oxford,  Edward  Vere. 

2.  William  Haward  or  Howard,  Baron  of  Effingham. 

3.  Thomas  Butler,  Earl  of  Ormond. 

4.  Ambrose  Dudley,  Earl  of  Warwick. 

5.  Henry  Lord  Strange,  son  of  Edward  Earl  of  Derby. 

6.  Edward  Stafford,  Lord  Stafford. 

7.  John  Sheffield,  Lord  Sheffield. 

8.  Sir  William  Cecil,  Secretary  of  State. 
9 Rogers,  Comptroller. 

10.  Sir  Francis  Knolys,  Knight,  Captain  of  the  Halberdiers. 

11.  Sir  Nicholas  Throcmorton,  Knight. 

12.  John  Tomworth,  or  Tamworth,  Esq.  of  the  Privy  Chamber  to  the  Queen. 


210  THE    aUEEN'6   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1$66. 

These  Nobles  and  Persons  of  Quality  were  actually  created  M.  A.  in  a  Convo- 
cation held  Sept.  6,  in  the  public  Refectory  of  Christ's  Church,  in  the  presence 
of  Robert  Earl  of  Leicester,  Chancellor  of  the  University,  Dr.  Kennal  [LL.  D.] 
Commissary,  Dr.  Laur.  Humphrey,  both  the  Proctors,  &c.  the  Queen  being  then 
about  to  leave  Oxon 1. 

After  which  was  done,  they  took  their  oath  in  Christ  Church  Hall,  before  the 
Chancellor,  Vice-chancellor,  or  Commissary,  Proctors,  and  others  (appointed  in 
the  name  of  the  whole  University),  "  ad  observandum  statuta,  libertates,  privi- 
legia,  et  consuetudines  hujus  Universitatis."  Which  creation  being  done,  a  Latin 
Sermon  was  made  in  the  Cathedral  by  Dr.  John  Piers,  at  which  were  present 
divers  of  the  Nobility  ;  but  the  Queen  not,  because  much  wearied  by  attending 
Disputations  and  the  Latin  tragedy  the  day  and  night  before.  About  dinner  time 
the  Vice-chancellor  and  Proctors  presented  to  the  Queen,  in  the  name  of  the 
whole  University,  six  pair  of  very  fine  gloves ;  and  to  divers  Noblemen  and  offi- 
cers of  the  Queen's  family,  some  two,  some  one  pair,  very  thankfully  accepted. 
After  dinner,  at  the  departure  of  the  Queen  out  of  Christ  Church,  Mr.  Toby 
Mathew  spake  an  Oration  before  her,  which  she  liking  very  well,  nominated  him 
her  Scholar.  Then  she  and  her  Nobility,  with  the  retinue,  went  from  Christ 
Church  to  Carfax,  and  thence  to  East-gate,  with  those  Members  of  the  Univer- 
sity and  City  going  before  that  brought  her  in.  As  she  passed  through  the  street, 
the  scholars  stood  in  order,  crying,  "  Vivat  Regina;"  the  walls  also  of  St.  Mary's 
Church,  All  Souls,  and  University  Colleges,  were  hung  with  innumerable  sheets 
of  verses,  bemoaning  the  Queen's  departure ;  as  did  the  countenances  of  the  layity 
(especially  those  of  the  female  sex)  that  then  beheld  her.  When  she  came  to  the 
East-Bridge  by  Magdalen  College,  Sir  Francis  Knollys,  the  City  Steward,  told 
her  that  their  Liberties  reached  no  farther ;  wherefore  she  turned  to  the  Mayor 
and  his  Brethren,  and  bid  them  farewell,  with  many  thanks. 

When  she  came  to  the  forest  of  Shotover,  about  two  miles  from  Oxford,  the 
Earl  of  Leycester,  Chancellor  of  the  University,  told  her,  that  the  University 
Liberties  reached  no  farther  that  way  ;  whereupon  Mr.  Roger  Marbeck  spake  an 
eloquent  Oration  to  her,  containing  many  things  relating  to  learning,  and  the 
encouragement  thereof  by  her;  of  its  late  eclipse,  and  of  the  great  probability  of 
its  being  now  revived  under  the  government  of  so  learned  a  Princess,  &c.  which 

1  Fasti  Oxon.  vol.  I,  col.  100. 


THE    CIUEEN'S   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1^66.  217 

being  done,  she  gave  him  her  hand  to  kiss,  with  many  thanks  to  the  whole  Uni- 
versity :  speaking  then  these  words  (as  'tis  reported)  with  her  face  towards  Ox- 
ford :  "  Farewell,  the  worthy  University  of  Oxford ;  farewell,  my  good  subjects 
there ;  farewell,  my  dear  Scholars,  and  pray  God  prosper  your  studies :  farewell — 
farewell." 

Thus  far  concerning  this  Entertainment :  all  that  I  shall  add  to  is,  that  her 
sweet,  affable,  and  noble  carriage,  left  such  impressions  in  the  minds  of  scholars;, 
that  nothing  but  emulation  was  in  their  studies  ;  and  nothing  left  untouched  by 
them  whereby  they  thought  they  might  be  advanced  by  her,  and  become  accept- 
able in  her  eye  J. 


Collegiorum  Scholarumque  Puhlicarum  Academice  Oxoniensis  Topo- 
graphica  delineatio  2,  per  Thomam  Nelum  3. 

Serenissimae  Augustissimaeque  Principi  Dominse  Elisabeths  Regins  Anglise, 
Franciae,  ac  Hiberniae,  Christianas  Fidei  Propugnatrici,  &c.  Fausta  feliciaque 
sunto  omnia. 

Habes  en  (illustrissima  Princeps  Elisabetha)  Oxoniensis  Academiae  tuae  Col- 
legiorum Scholarumque  publicarum  qualemcunque  topographicam  delineationem, 
calamo  partim  scriptorio,  partim  carmine  poetico  sub  Dialogi  forma  utcunque 
expressam,  ejus  ut  universam  imaginem  praesentem,  quasique  ob  oculos  expositam, 
pro  tuo  arbitratu  habeas,  cujus  incolae  bonarum  artium  omnium  studiosi  sub 
auspicatissimo  hoc  regno  tuo,  haud  aliter  ac  sub  Minervae  cujusdam  clypeo  tuti, 
ardentius  nihil  obnixiusve  a  Deo  Opt.  Max.  contendunt,  quam  ut  omnes  ac  singuli 
suam  tibi,  quam  summam  debent,  observantiam,  fidem,  industriam  certatim  praes- 
tare  possint.  Cujus  quidem  delineandae  ratio  tametsi  crassiore  quadam  Minerva 
&  impolitiore  turn  stilo,  turn  carmine  constet  quam  ut  regiae  Majestatis  tuae 
aspectu  digna  videri  possit,  dabis  tamen  (ut  spero)  veniam  primis  hisce  conatibus 
in  re  nova,  qui  non  alio,  quam  gratulandi  animo  Serenissimae  Majestatis  tuae  quam 
exoptatissimo  huic  ad  nos  adventui  instituti  sunt.     Illud  vero  in  universum  quam 

1  Thus  far  from  Wood's  MSS. 

9  The  original  Tract  was  ornamented  with  neat  Views  of  the  several  Colleges  in  Oxford. 
*  E.  Codice  MS.  in  Archivis   Bibliothecae   Bodleianae  descripsit  ediditque  Tho.  Hearne,   A.  M. 
Oxoniensis.     1713. 

VOL.  I.  2    F 


218  neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566. 

fieri  potest  humillime  supplex  regiam  Majestatem  tuam  rogatam  velim  (Princeps 
augustiss.)  ut  quae 

pictoribus  atque  poetis 

Quidlibet  audendi  semper  fuit  aequa  potestas, 
earn  mihi  nequaquam  hie  interclusam  esse  velis,  interea  temporis  dum  regiae 
Majestatis  tuae  nomini  amplissimo  Dialogi  partem  alteram  interlocutoriam  attri- 
buo,  alteram  vero  honoratissimo  Domino  Roberto  Dudlaeo,  Comiti  Lecestrensi 
nostroque  Cancellario  dignissimo  vicissim  accommodo.  Servato  tamen  utrobique. 
(quod  spero)  utriusque  turn  tuae,  turn  illius  personae  decoro.  Argumentum  porro 
Dialogi  tale  fingitur,  quale  ex  abrupto,  vel  e  re  nata  desumptum  videri  possit. 
Perinde  ac  si  te  (Regina  nobilissima)  Woodstochio  discessuram  Cancellarius  in- 
terrogaret,  ecquo  tandem  proficisci  luberet,  ut  ex  eo  arrepta  deinceps  occasione, 
futurae  narrationi  topographicae  via  quasi  sterni  videatur.  Quae  si  Regiae  tuae 
unius  praestantiae  quoquo  modo  grata  esse  poterit,  eadem  turn  aliis  multo  gratior, 
turn  mihi  quoque  qualiscunque  haec  opera  quam  gratissima  fuerit.  Faxit  Deus. 
Opt.  Max.  ut  quam  diutissime  valeas. 

Serenissimae  Majestatis  tuae  obsequentissimus  Alumnus, 

Thomas  Nelus,  Hebraicae  linguae  Professor  Oxon. 

Dialogus  in  adventum  Reginae  Serenissimae  Dominie  Elisabethje  gratulato- 
rius,  inter  eandem  Reginam  &  Dominum  Robertum  Dudljeum,  Comitem 
Lecestri^,  &  Oxoniensis  Academiae  Cancellarium. 

Interloquuntur  Regina  &  Cancellarius  Oxon. 
Cancell.     Siccine  (chara  tuis,  regnique  columna  Britanni 

Elisabetha)  domo  pergis  abire  tua  ? 
Regina.       Non  ego  pergo  domo  peregre  procul  hospes  abire, 

Sed  quo  pergo,  mea  est  urbs  ea  tota  domus. 
Cancell.     Quod  res  est  loqueris,  (Princeps  ter  maxima,)  tota 

Nam  Regni  sedes  est  domus  ista  tua. 
Regina.       Quum  sint  ergo  domus  mihi  plures,  pluraque  tecta, 

Quid  ni  mutarem  tecta  subinde  mea? 
Cancell.     Sed  si  pace  tua  liceat  mihi  scire,  lubenter 

Hoc  equidem  scirem  quo  tibi  tendat  iter. 
Regina.       Oxonium  versus  pergo,  Musisque  dicata 

Tecta  peto,  Musis  concomitata  meis. 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566. 

Cancell.     Et  quae  tanta  subit  Musas  ibi  caussa  videndi, 

Quum  sit  Musarum  praesto  caterva  domi  ? 
Regina.       Ipsimet  ilia  domi  Musarum  praesto  caterva, 

Has  sibi  sacratas  suasit  adire  domos. 
Cancell.     Nae  tu  digna  tuis  persolvis  praemia  Musis, 

Dum  loca  Musarum  visere  sacra  paras. 
Regina.       Ecquid  enimvero  rerum  spectabo  novarum  ? 

Dignumve  adventu  Principis  ecquid  habet  ? 
Cancell.     Urbs  antiqua  tuis  visenda  patebit  ocellis, 

Et  manibus  cives  oscula  fida  dabunt. 
Regina.       Num  quid  praeterea  dignum  aut  memorabile  cernam  ? 

Quod  merces  tanto  digna  labore  siet  ? 
Cancell.     Cernes  praecipue  Musarum  quinque  ter  aedes, 

Urbs  quibus  Europae  non  habet  ulla  pares. 
Regina.       Tunc  ergo  has  aedes  nosti,  quas  Thamisis,  amnis 

Inclytus,  alluvio  cingit  utrinque  suo  ? 
Cancell.     Quidni  pernoscam  ?  quarum  Dux  esse  lubenter 

Jampridem  ccepi,  nee  piget  esse  ducem. 
Regina.       Siccine  tu  subito  Musis  Dux  esse  volebas, 

Qui  Lecestrensis  diceris  esse  Comes  ? 
Cancell.     Non  minor  est  studiis,  quam  castris,  fama1  praeesse, 

Et  Ducis  &  Comitis  nomen  utrumque  juvat. 
Regina.       Quin  harum  breviter  mihi  nomina  pande  domorum, 

Quis,  cui,  quam  tulerit  fautor  &  author  opem. 
Cancell.     Hoc  equidem  faciam  quanta  brevitate  licebit 

Paucula  metiri  pluribus  apta  metris. 


219 


Ecclesia  Christi, 

Prima  stat  australis  Domus  ampla,  Ecclesia  Christi, 
Primo  jam  duplici  nomine  digna  loco ; 

Turn  quia  te,  patremque  tuum  sit  nacta  patronum, 
Turn  quia  sit  reliquis  auctior  ista  cohors. 

'  Sic  in  MS. 


220 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566. 


Ccepta  quidem  Thoma  Wullaei  sumptibus  olim, 
Sed  patris  Henrici  censibus  aucta  tui. 
Coepit  sub  Henrico  Octavo,  per  Thomam  Wulsaeum,  Archiepiscopum  Ebora- 
censem,  Anno  Domini  15 29  ;    absoluta   est  ab   eodem  Henrico  Octavo,    anno 
Domini  1546*. 

REGINA  INTERLOQ.UITUR. 


Regina. 


Cancell. 


Regina,. 


Unde  sit,  ut,  posset  quum  plures  ilia  fovere, 

Non  foveat  numeros  undique  plena  suos  ? 
Tot  fovet  ilia  quidem,  quot  par  est  census  alendis ; 

Et  plures  aleret  pluribus  aucta  bonis. 
Invida  sed  Musis  mors  immatura  Patroni, 

Fecit,  ut  hie  possit  pluribus  esse  locus. 
Est  ergo  cui  quis  possit  prodesse  :  paratae 

Materia  citius  debita  forma  datur. 


Collegium  Oriale. 

Cancell.     Sed  pergam  in  reliquis.     Stat  Musis  septima  sedes 
Orial,  o  vere  regia  dicta  domus. 
Annis  ilia  valens,  Edwardi  tempora  vidit, 

Qui  rex  illius  nominis  alter  erat. 
Condidit  hanc  Adam  quidarn  cognomine  Brownus, 
Et  regi  nomen  detulit  ille  suo. 
Ccepit  sub  Edwardo  Secundo  per  Dominum  Adam  Browne,  Eleemosynarium 
ejusdem  Edouardi,  Anno  Domini  1323. 

Collegium  Corporis  Christi. 

Quinta  jubet  nostrae  memores  non  esse  salutis, 

Quo  modo,  &  unde  salus  parta  sit  ilia  docens. 
Quam  deus  assumpto  quia  Christus  corpore  donat, 

Corporis  a  Christi  nomine  nomen  habet. 
Censibus  hanc  amplis  Richardus  Foxus  abunde 
Sustinet,  &  Musis  apta  dat  esse  loca. 
Ccepit  sub  Henrico  Septimo  per  Richardum  Fox,  Episcopum  Wintoniensem, 
anno  Domini  1516*. 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566.  221 

Collegium  Mertonense. 

Nee  procul  hinc  distat,  quae  sexta  est  ordine,  Merton, 

Seu  Mertonensis  dicta  perampla  Domus. 
Gualterus  Merton  Praesul  (quo  Praesule  Roffa 

Floruit)  huic  Domui  fautor  &  auctor  erat. 
Quae,  quamvis  multos  foveat  pia  mater  alumnos, 
iEdes  sacra  tamen  pluribus  apta  foret. 
Coepit  sub  Edouardo  Primo  per  Gualterum  Merton,  Episcopum  Roffensem, 
anno  Domini  1276*. 

Collegium  Novum. 

Proxima  mox  sequitur  satis  ampla  frequensque  studentum 

Turba,  novi  ccetus  nomen  adepta  diu. 
Turribus  haec  altis  toto  micat  aethere,  raris 

Doctrinae  gemmis  vitis  onusta  suis. 
Condidit  hanc  Praesul  Gulielmus,  in  urbe  Wykama 
Proles  ter  fausto  sydere  nata,  Wykam. 
Coepit  sub  Richardo  Secundo  per  Gulielmum  de  Wykham,  Episcopum  Win- 
toniensum,  anno  Domini  1375- 

Collegium  Magdalenense. 

Nee  minus  est  Celebris  domus  ampla,  dicata  Mariae, 

Cujus  sacra  fidem  Magdala  castra  docent, 
Splendida  munificum  testantur  tecta  patronum, 

iEmula  splendoris  digna,  Wykame,  tui. 
Indidit  huic  nomen  Gulielmus  Waynflet,  alumnus 
Unus  &  ipse  gregis,  magne  Wykame,  tui. 
Coepit  sub  Henrico  Sexto  per  Gulielmum  Waynflet,  Episcopum  Wintonien- 
sem,  anno  Domini  1459. 

Cancellarius  interloquitur. 

Cancell.     Debebant  paribus  Collegia  caetera  verbis 

Describi,  mora  ni  taedia  longa  daret. 
Regina.       Perge  modo,  &  reliquis  data  nomina  prima  recense, 

Auribus  haec  parient  taedia  nulla  meis. 


222  neale's  description  of  oxford,  1^66. 

Collegium  Omnium  Animarum. 

Cancell.     Corpora  praepropero  studio  plerique  saginant, 
Nee  curant  animas  sedulitate  pari. 
Id  ne  Musarum  faceret  studiosa  juventus, 

Admonet  apposito  nomine  quarta  Domus. 
Sumptibus  Henrici  Chichlaei  structa,juvandae 
Ceu  foret  haec  animae  tota  dicata  Domus. 
Ccepit  sub  Henrico  Sexto  per  Henricum  Chichloeum,  Archiepiscopum  Can- 
tuariensem,  anno  Domini  1437* 

Collegium  Reginale. 

Huic  itidem  similis  Pastor  Robertus  Eglisfild 

Reginae  munus  donat  &  ipse  suae. 
Nam  Reginalem  quum  Magnis  sumptibus  aedem 

Fundasset,  vocat  hanc  (clara  Philippa)  tuam. 
Femina  quo  Musis  nutrix,  non  dura  noverca, 
Pergeret,  &  studiis  Mater  adesse  pia. 
Ccepit  sub  Edowardo  Tertio  per  Dominum  Robertum  Eglisfild,  Sacellanum 
Dominae  Philippae,  uxoris  ejusdem  Edowardi,  anno  Domini  1340. 

Collegium  Universitatis. 

En  tibi  jam  prodit  speciosa  Academia,  quae  quum 

Sit  species,  generis  nomen  adaucta  tenet. 
Ut  Logice  species  generatim  saepe  vocatur, 

Et  pars  pro  toto  corpore  saepe  venit. 
Huic  Dunelmensis  Gulielmus  presbyter  aedi, 
Communi  studiis  nomen  ab  urbe,  dedit. 
Ccepit  sub  "Aluredo,  per  Dominum  Gulielmum,  Archidiaconum  Dunelmensem, 
anno  Domini  873. 

REGINA   INTERLOaUITUR. 

Regina.       Illud  in  his  summa  puto  dignum  laude,  quod  ipsi 
Noluerint  titulis  luxuriare  suis. 

1  Leges  potius,  Coepit  sub  Aluredo  rege  A.  D.  873.    Restaurat.  per  Guil.  Archid.  Dunelm.  circa 
A.  D.  1249. 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566.  223 

Cancell.     Omnibus  haec  eadem  laus  est  communis,  habetque 

In  reliquis  itidem  laus  ea  vera  locum. 
Regina.       Summae  laudis  erat,  gestis  tot  rebus  honestis, 

Laudibus  auctores  abstinuisse  suis. 
Cancell.     Tres  aliae  restant  inclusae  mcenibus  aedes, 

Quas  nullo  fas  est  praeteriisse  modo. 

Collegium  JEneinasi. 

./Eneus  his  nasus  praelucet,  ut  insula  ponto 
Prominet,  aut  reliquo  nasus  in  ore  nitet. 
Quae  domus  impensis  Gulielmi  structa  Smythaei, 

JEneo  &  aeterno  nomine  digna  manet. 
Multis  ilia  quidem  turbis  conferta  studentum, 
Spes  ut  sit  messis  magna  futura  bonae. 
Ccepit  sub  Henrico  Septimo  per  Gulielmum  Smythe,  Episcopum  Lincolniensem, 
anno  Domini  1513. 

Collegium  Lincolniense. 

Huic  latus  occiduum  claudit  Lincolnia  sedes, 

Quae  sibi  Patronos  gaudet  habere  duos. 
Alter  erat  Thomas  Rotheram,  Richardus  &  alter 

Fleminge,  ejusdem  Praesul  uterque  loci. 
Quos  ubi  ditarat  Lincolnia,  gratus  uterque, 
Non  sibi,  sed  sedi  dona  dat  ista  suae. 
Ccepit  sub  Henrico  Quinto  per  Richardum  Fleminge,  Episcopum  Lincolniensem, 
anno  Domini  1420.     Auctum  per  Thomam  Rotherham,  Episcopum  Lincolnien- 
sem, anno  1479. 

Collegium  Exoniense. 

Distat  ab  Oxonio  spatiis  Exonia  multis, 

Et  procul  occidui  vergit  ad  ora  maris. 
Attamen  Oxonii  sedes  Exonia  fixas 

Invenit,  &  Musis  jam  fit  arnica  quies. 
Condidit  has  Praesul  Gualterus  Stapleton  aedes, 

Indidit  &  sedi  nomina  digna  suae. 


224 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566. 


Coepit  sub  Edouardo  Secundo  per  Gualterum  Stapleton,  Episcopum  Exoniensem, 
anno  Domini  13 16*.  Auctum  sub  Elisabetha  Regina  per  Dominum  Gulielmum 
Petraeum,  ordinis  equestris  militem  inauratum  1 566. 

Regina  interlogiuitur. 

Regina.       O  pia  pontificum  mens  haec !  O  tempora  fausta 

Quae  tantos  clero  progenuere  viros  ! 
Cancell.      Clerica  sic  olim  concors  concordia  clero 

Certatim  voluit  ferre  libenter  opem. 
Sed  ne  sola  suos  videatur  clerica  turba, 

Et  Musas  opera  velle  fovere  sua, 
Arctica  si  lubeat  pomceria  pulchra  videre, 

Hisce  parem  laicos  ferre  videbis  opem. 
Regina.       Siccine  conjunctis  certatum  est  viribus,  urbs  haec 

Ut  fieret  studiis  tota  dicata  sacris  ? 
Quin  age  die  laico  quot  habemus  in  ordine  Musas 

Auctas  hie  opera  qui  voluere  sua. 
Cancell.     Ulud  ego  (Princeps  ter  magna)  lubentius  addam, 

Tota  quod  hie  nostrae  laudis  harena  patet. 
Sed  mihi  restat  adhuc  praedictis  aedibus,  intra 

Muros,  appendix  adjicienda  prius. 
Quae  tua  quum  laus  sit,  (Guilielme  Petraee)  lubenter 

Reginaedabis  hie  nonnihil  ultro  tuae. 
Quod  te  praecipue  videatur  amare,  suisque 

Consiliis  praesto  semper  adesse  velit. 
Patria  te  jactat  genuisse  Devonia,  &  urbs  haec 

Gaudet  se  studiis  instituisse  suis. 
Sumptibus  ergo  tuis  tu  gratus  utrique  parenti, 

Auxiliatrices  reddis  utrinque  man  us. 
Ut  quas  exiles  prius  hie  Oxonia  habebat, 

Has  habeat  plenas  jam  satis  aucta  domos. 
Aucta  quidem  numero,  sed  &  amplis  censibus  aucta5 

Clara  sub  imperiis,  Elisabetha,  tuis. 
Quae  quales,  quantosque  tibi  promittat  alumnos, 

Ex  uno  disci  caetera  turba  potest. 


NEALE's    DESCRIPTION    OF    OXFORD,   1566.  2ii 

Is  Berblokus  erit,  cujus  dexterrima  dextra 

Has  formas  mira  dexteritate  dedit. 
Quin  age,  macte  tua  virtute  (Petraee)  fovendis 

Fostibus  hisce  tuis  quam  potes  adfer  opem. 

Collegium  Trinitatis. 

Urbis  at  egressae  jam  moenia,  proxima  sedes 

Occurrit  Thomae  sumptibus  aucta  Popi. 
Quam  sacrosanctse  Triadis  cognomen  habere 

Jussit  inauratus  Miles,  equestre  Decus. 
Hujus  adhuc  teneros  foetus,  pia  mater  adauget. 
Conjunx,  tam  digno  conjuge  digna  suo. 
Coepit  sub  Maria  Regina  per  Dominum  Thomam  Popum,  Ordinis  Equestris 
Militem  inauratum,  anno  Domini  1556*. 

Collegium  Balliolense. 

Sed  minus  hoc  mirum  est,  nostra tes  hactenus  urbem 

Hanc  juvisse,  suam  cui  Scotus  addit  opem. 
Clarus  Ioannes  regali  stemmate  natus 
Balliol,  hie  Musis  atria  clara  locat. 
Qui  patria  pulsus,  patriae  jam  redditus,  Anglis 
Hos  fldei  testes  obsequiique  -dedit. 
Coepit    sub   Edouardo    Primo    per   Joannem    Ballioll    Regem    Scotiae,    anno 
Domini  126*5. 

Transitio  ad  descriptionem  ultimi  Collegii. 

Ultima  postremo  jam  commemoranda  triumpho, 

Restat  Ioanni  sacra  dicata  domus. 
Quae  licet  extremo  claudatur  fine  laborum, 

Chara  vel  in  primis  est  tamen  ilia  mihi. 
Sicut  Iacobo  Patriarchae  Benjamin  olim 

(Excepto  Joseph)  primus  amore  fuit. 
vol.  i.  2  g 


226  neale's  description  of  oxford,  1$66* 

Collegium  Joannis  Baptists. 

Cancell.      Has  Thomas  Whitus,  Londini  gloria,  raras 
Mercator  merces  donat,  emitque  suis. 
Qui  Londinensi  bis  Praetor  in  urbe,  superstes 
Vivit  adhuc,  equitum  non  mediocre  Decus. 
Faxit  ut  ille  diu  vivat,  valeatque  superstes 
Musis,  ac  demum  ccelica  regna  petat. 
Ccepit  sub  Maria  Regina  per  Dominum  Thomam  White,  Ordinis  Equestris- 
Militem  inauratum,  anno  Domini  1557. 

Cancell.     Quod  si  plura  libet  paucis  audire,  superstes 

Restat  adhuc  sacris  sacra  dicata  schola. 
Regina.        Quin  age  sacra  mihi  schola  summa  audita  placebit; 

Et  reliquis  colophon  sedibus  apus  erit. 

Schola  Theologica. 

Cancell.     Eminet,  &  mediae  fastigia  suspicit  urbis, 

Dux  Humfrede,  tuis  sumptibus  ista  schola. 
Surgit  in  immensum  turritis  undique  pinnis, 

Sectaque  perpulchro  marmore,  quadra  Domus. 
Splendida  luminibus  crebris  laquearia  fulgent, 
Artificumque  nitent  pendula  saxa  manu. 
Ccepit  sub  Henrico  Sexto  per  Dominum  Humfredum  Ducem  Glocestrise,  ann«> 
Domini  1447- 

Schola  Publico. 

Imminet  huic  series  bis  quinque  instructa  domorum, 

Semita  qua  studiis  omnibus  una  patet. 
Sumptus  hoc  fecit  Regina  Maria,  deditque 

Unde  novas  possis  hasce  videre  Scholas. 
Elisabetha  soror  tu  digna  sorore  Maria, 

Pro  pietate  tua,  quas  dedit  ilia,  foves. 
Gratia  ut  sequalis  jam  detur  utrique  sorori, 

Altra  quod  has  foveat,  quod  dedit  altra  Scholas. 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566. 

Transitio  ad  Aulas,  seu  Hospitia  Litteraria. 

Cancell.      Hiis  sed  adhuc  arctis  nolens  contenta  videri 

Finibus,  est  aliis  urbs  quoque  culta  locis. 
Scilicet  haec  aulis  olim  plenissima,  Musis 

Parturiit  foetus  urbs  populosa  novos. 
Quae  nova  progenies  urbisque  Colonia  ducta, 

Crevit  in  immensum  viribus  aucta  suis. 
Tempus  edax  rerum  multas  absumpsit,  &  aulas 

Quaedam  dant  dictis  aedibus  apta  loca. 
Aulus  jam  tot  habet,  quot  habent  sua  nomina  Musae, 

Et  par  est  numero  turba  novena  novem. 
Regina.        Quin  age  ne  pigeat,  quum  sis  Praefectus  &  Aulis, 

Aularum  nobis  nomina  trita  dare. 

Descriptio  Aulm  Cervin^e. 

Cancell.      Harum  quae  forma  est  pulcherrima,  proxima  tectis 

Aula,  Wykame,  tuis  ordine  prima  subit. 
Quae  licet  hie  primas  videatur  habere,  sororum 

At  nulli  laudem  detrahit  ilia  suam. 
Inclyta  nobilium  numerosa  pube  referta, 

Cervina  a  cervi  nomine  dicta  domus. 
Eminet  haec  aliis  formaeque  situsque  nitore, 

Ut  cursu  canibus  cerva  praeire  solet. 
Unde  suo  merito  Cervina  haec  dicitur  Aula, 

In  media  Cervi  cornua  fronte  gerens. 

Epitome  aliarum  Aularum. 

In  reliquis  sermo  fiet  contractior,  octo 

Quae  restant  variis  undique  sparsa  locis. 
Aulica  duntaxat  vulgataque  nomina  paucis 
Attingam,  &  brevibus  puncta  notabo  metris. 
Regina.        Sed  cave,  ne  nimium  dum  tu  brevis  esse  laboras, 

Obscurus  fias  hac  brevitate  tua. 
Cancell.     Candida,  Lata,  Nova,  studiis  civilibus  apta, 
Porta  patet  Musis,  Justiniane,  tuis. 


228 


neale's  description  of  oxford,  1566". 


Quae  restant,  aliis  discendis  artibus  Aulae 

Sunt  propriae,  quibus  haec  nomina  prisca  manent* 

Sacra  Mariae,  Alburnensis,  Glocestriae,  divi 
Edmundi,  ac  demum  Magdalis  aula  frequens. 

Peroratio  Cancellarii. 

His  inclusa  modis  en  qualiacunque  Ducatus 

Septa  mei,  Princeps  Elisabetha,  vides. 
Regina.        Ex  his  jam  tandem,  Roberte,  intelligo,  cur  tu 

Dux  magis  hie,  alibi  quam  Comes  esse  velis. 
Nae  tu  praeclarum  nactus  videare  Ducatum, 

Cui  sunt  tantorum  tot  monumenta  virum. 
Siccine  currenti  (quod  vulgo  dicitur)  istis 

Carminibus  properas  subdere  calcar  equo  ? 
Ut  magis  hsec  lubeat  praesentia  cernere,  quae  tu 

Magnifico  narras  ore  stupenda  loca  ? 
Cancell.      Quod  si  audita  placent,  multo  magis  ista  placebunt^ 

Si  praesens  oculis  hauseris  ista  tuis. 
Regina.       Quin  age  tu  comitem  mihi  te  (Comes  inclyte)  praebe, 

Ut  monstres  digitis  quae  modo  lingua  docet. 
Cancell.     Hoc  equidem  faciam  promptus,  gratesque  laboris 

Hujus  suscepti  nomine  gratus  agam. 
Quin  &  tota  cohors  mecum  prostrata  studentum 

Advolet  genibus  se  resupina  tuis. 
Quae  quum  multa  tibi  (Princeps  praeclara)  tuisque 

Debeat,  hoc  uno  nomine  tota  tua  est. 
Quod  Musis  olim  Maecenas  alter  adesse, 

Quum  pater  Henricus  cceperit  ilia  tuus, 
Et  dederit  studiis  stipendia  digna  fovendis, 

Publica  lectorum  vox  quibus  ore  praeit, 
Tu  proles  tali  tantoque  simillima  Patri 

Haec  larga  foveas  continuata  manu. 
Dum  quas  radices  pater  hie  plantavit,  easdem 

iEmula  munifico  filia  rore  rigas. 


THE   QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT   OXFORD,  1$66. 


229 


Sic,  sic  perge  tuo  non  impar  esse  parenti, 

Patrizans  Patri  par  pietate  pari. 
Nee  dubita  quicquam,  quin  incrementa  daturus 

Sit  Deus,  &  sumptu  praemia  digna  tuo. 
Interea  vero  communi  nomine  grates, 

Quas  summas  habet,  urbs  hsec  tibi  tota  refert. 
Privatimque  sacrae  linguae  praelector  Hebrseus 

Private  grates  nomine  gratus  agit. 
Qui  tibi  ne  sterilis  maneat  vel  inutilis  arbor 

Fructus,  quos  potuit  plantula  ferre,  tulit. 
Tu  quales  quales  fructus  (clarissima  Princeps) 

Oblatos  hilari  fronte,  manuque  lege. 


Of  the  Actes  done  at  Oxford1,  when  the  Queen's  Majesty  was 
there ;  so  collected  and  noted  by  Nicholas  Robinson  2,  at  Oxford, 
now  being  Bishop  of  Bangor. 

Viri  nobilitate  insignes,  qui  Oxon.  aderant : 


Marchio  Northamp. 
Comes  Oxon. 
Comes  Sussex. 
Comes  Lecester. 
Comes  Warwic. 
Comes  Rutland. 
Comes  Hunt. 
Comes  Ormund. 


Epus.  Sarum. 
Epus.  Roff. 
D.  W.  Howard. 
D.  Lestrange. 
D.  Graye. 
D.  Patchet. 
D.  Russell. 


D.  Sheffield. 

D.  Windsor. 

D.  Stafford. 

Mr.  Rogers,  Miles  Aur. 

Mr.  Cecill,  Miles  Aur. 

Mr.  Knolles,  Miles  Aur. 


*  From  Harl.  MS.  7033.  fo.  131. 

*  He  was  born  at  Conway,  educated  at  Queen's  College,  Cambridge,  Fellow  there ;  proceeded 
D.  D. ;  Dean  of  Bangor  1566  j  Rector  of  Northopp  sinecure  1562}  Archdeacon  of  Merioneth 
1562,  which  he  held  in  commendam  after  his  promotion  to  the  See  of  Bangor  1566  till  1573,  when 
he  exchanged  it  for  that  of  Anglesea.  He  also  held  in  commendam  the  Rectory  of  Witney,  co. 
Oxford.  He  died  and  was  buried  at  Bangor  1584.  His  monument  preserves  barely  his  name.  Willis, 
Bangor,  pp.  27,  107,  142.  Wood,  Ath.  Ox.  I.  696.  Godwin.  He  had  suffered  much  for  the  Pro- 
testant Religion  in  Mary's  Reign,  and  was,  after  her  death,  appointed  Chaplain  to  Archbishop  Parker, 
who  says  of  him,  "  Vir  fuit  prudens  &  illis  humanioribus  literis  atque  Theologia  non  minus  excultus 
quam  Latina  patriaque  lingua  facundus."     (De  Antiq.  Eccl.  Brit.  1572.  fin.) 


230 


THE    aUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  156*6*. 


Doctors  in  Disput.  presentes : 


Theolog. 

Juris  Civ. 

Medicin. 

1  Dr.  Humfrey. 

9 

Dr.  Kennall. 

13  Dr.  Huicke. 

2  Dr.  Godwin. 

10 

Dr.  Lloyde. 

14  Dr.  Masters. 

3-  Dr.  Calfild. 

11 

Dr.  Loocher. 

15  Dr.  Bayle,  Sen. 

4  Dr.  Overton. 

12 

Dr.  Abre. 

16  Dr.  Bayle,  Jun. 

5  Dr.  Westfaling. 

17  Dr.  Astlo. 

6*  Dr.  Peers. 

18  Dr.  Barons. 

7  Dr.  Cradocke. 

19  Dr.  Sti thirst. 

8  Dr.  Yelder. 

20  Dr.  Gifford. 

1  Lawrence  Humphrey,  born  at  Newport  Pagnell,  admitted  a  Demi  of  Magdalen  1547 ;  A.  B.  and 
Perpetual  Fellow  there  ;  and  A.  M.  1552  ;  expelled  from  his  Fellowship  in  the  Reign  of  Mary  ;  he  tra- 
velled to  Zurich,  and  was  restored  at  his  return  after  her  death.  In  1560  he  was  constituted  Queen's 
Professor  of  Divinity,  and  1561  elected  President  of  his  College;  1562  D.  D. ;  1570  Dean  of  Glou- 
cester; 15S0  Dean  of  Winchester.  Wood  (Ath.  Ox.  I.  242.)  gives  him  the  character  of  a  great  and 
general  scholar,  an  able  linguist,  a  deep  divine;  and  adds,  that  for  his  excellency  of  life,  exactness  of 
method,  and  substance  of  matter  in  his  writings,  he  went  beyond  most  of  our  theologists.  Among  his 
numerous  writings  there  enumerated,  is  "  Oratio  Woodstochise  habita  ad  illustriss.  R.  Elizab.  31  Aug. 
1572,  Lond.  1572,"  4to. ;  and  a  similar  Oration  will  be  noticed  hereafter,  under  1575.  He  died  1589, 
aged  63,  and  was  buried  in  Magdalen  College  Chapel. 

2  Thomas  Godwin,  a  native  of  Wokingham,  in  the  county  of  Berks  ;  sent  to  Oxford  about  1538  ;  ad- 
mitted Probationer  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College  1544,  and  next  year  Perpetual  Fellow,  being  then  A.B. 
When  he  quitted  his  Fellowship,  he  took  the  College  School  at  Brackley,  and  married.  But  in  Mary's 
Reign  professed  Physic.  In  the  Reign  of  Elizabeth  he  took  Orders,  and  was  Chaplain  to  Bullyngham 
Bishop  of  Lincoln ;  who,  appointing  him  frequently  to  preach  before  the  Queen,  she  made  him  Dean 
of  Christ  Church  1565,  and  of  Canterbury  1566  ;  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  1584.  At  last  he  in- 
curred her  displeasure  by  a  second  marriage,  and  died  aged  73, 1590  ;  and  was  buried  at  his  native 
place.     He  was  father  of  Dr.  Francis  Godwin,  the  Episcopal  Historian.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  700. 

3  James  Calfhill,  of  Shropshire.  Admitted  at  Oxford  1545 ;  Student  of  Christ  Church  1548 ; 
A.  M.  1552;  Second  Canon  of  Christ  Church  1560;  D.  D.  Dean  of  Bocking,  and  Archdeacon  of 
Colchester,  and  nominated  to  Worcester  1570,  but  died  before  consecration.  He  wrote  "  Querela 
Oxon.  Acad,  ad  Cantabrigiam,  1552,"  4to.  A  Latin  poem  on  the  death  of  the  sons  of  the  Duke  of 
Suffolk,  of  the  Sweating  Sickness,  1551.  "  Hist,  de  exhumatione  Catherinae  nuper  uxoris  Pet 
Martyris,"  1562,  4to.  "  Progne,"  a  tragedy  in  Latin  ;  bnt  whether  this  last  was  printed  or  not 
Wood  did  not  know.     He  died  1570,  and  was  buried  there.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  163. 

4  William  Overton,  one  of  the  prime  preachers  in  the  Reign  of  Elizabeth,  was  born  in  London ; 
Dean  of  Magdalen  1539;  Perpetual  Fellow,  and  A.  B.  1551 ;  D.  D.  1565;  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and 
Coventry  1579  ;  died  1609,  and  was  buried  at  Eccleshall.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  350. 


THE  aUEEN's  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1566.  2$l 

Disputatores  in  Phil. 

Moral.  Natural. 

21  Mr.  Wolley,  Resp.  26  Mr.  Campion,  Resp. 

22  Mr.  Leche,  Oppo.  27  Mr.  Dee,  Oppo. 

23  Mr.  Thornton,  Op.  28  Mr.  Mericke,  Oppo. 

24  Mr.  Buste,  Opp.  29  Mr.  Bristow,  Oppo. 

25  Mr.  Mathew,  Op.  _  30  Mr.  Squyer,  Oppo. 

5  Herbert  Westphaling,  of  German  origin,  admitted  of  Christ  Church  1547 ;  A.  M.  1555  ;  Canon 
and  Rector  of  Bright  well  about  1561 ;  Canon  of  Windsor  1577  5  and  Bishop  of  Hereford  1585,  where 
he  died,  and  was  buried  1601-2,  He  learnedly  disputed  before  (Queen  Elizabeth  at  Oxford,  1566. 
Ath.  Ox.  I.  314.     Hist.  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  II.  305. 

6  John  Piers,  born  at  South  Hinxsey,  near  Abingdon  ;  admitted  a  Perpetual  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
1546 ;  and  Student  of  Christ  Church  ;  Rector  of  Quainton,  in  the  county  of  Bucks ;  Prebendary  and 
Dean  of  Chester  about  1558  ;  Master  of  Baliol  and  Dean  of  Christ  Church  1570  ;  Dean  of  Salisbury 
1571;  Bishop  of  Rochester  1576;  of  Salisbury  1577;  Archbishop  of  York  15S8.  He  died  at 
Bishopsthorpe  1594,  aged  71.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  713. 

7  Edward  Cradock,  of  Staffordshire,  Student  of  Christ  Church  1552  ;  Margaret  Professor  1565  ; 
D.  D. ;  resigned  his  Professorship  1594  ;  and  was  a  great  chymist  and  Rosicrucian.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  277. 

8  Arthur  Yeldard,  A.  M.  of  Cambridge  ;  incorporated  at  Oxford  1556 ;  President  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, B.  D.  1563.     Ath.  Ox.  Fasti,  I.  S5 — 92.     His  name  is  not  among  the  Oxford  Graduates. 

9  John  Kennall,  LL.  D.  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Chancellor  of  Rochester,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford 
1561 ;  Canon  Residentiary  of  Exeter,  where  he  died  1591.  Ath,  Ox.  Fasti,  I.  79.  He  was  Vice- 
chancellor  this  year. 

10  Q.  Hugh  Lloyd,  a  most  admired  Grammarian  of  the  age  he  lived  in,  born  in  Carnarvonshire, 
educated  at  Winchester ;  Fellow  of  New  College  1564  ;  Chancellor  of  Rochester  1578  ;  Chief  Master 
of  Winchester  School ;  LL.  D.  1588  ;  died  1601,  buried  in  the  outer  Chapel  at  New  College.  Ath. 
Ox.  1.310. 

11  Robert  Lougher,  or  Loffer,  of  All  Souls,  LL.  D.  1564 ;  Principal  of  New  Inn,  Professor  of 
Civil  Law,  and  Chancellor  of  Exeter;  died  1583.     Ath.  Ox.  Fasti,  I.  93. 

12  William  Awbre,  born  at  Cantre  in  Brecknockshire  ;  of  All  Souls  ;  Principal  of  New  Inn  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Civil  Law,  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Queen's  army  at  St.  Quintin's,  Advocate  in  the  Court  of 
Arches,  one  of  the  Council  of  the  Marches  in  Wales,  Master  in  Chancery,  Chancellor  of  Canterbury, 
and  by  special  favour  of  the  Queen  taken  to  her  nearer  service,  and  made  one  of  the  Masters  of  Re- 
quests in  Ordinary,  a  person  of  exquisite  learning,  and  singular  prudence,  and  mentioned  with  honour 
by  Thuanus  and  others.  He  was  cousin  to  Dr.  John  Dee;  died  1595,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's, 
London.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  73—81. 

13  Robert  Huicke,  Fellow  of  Merton  ;  M.  D.  of  Cambridge  ;  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  ; 
incorporated  M.  D.  at  Oxford  1566,  when  the  Queen  was  there.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  98. 


232  THE  QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  15  66. 

Est  locus  qua  itur  abOxonia  Wodstokum,  nomine  Wolvercote,  ad  tria  milliaria 
ab  Academia,  in  ipsis  finibus  jurisdictions  ac  libertatum  quibus  Scholares  utuntur. 

14  Richard  Master,  descended  from  a  family  of  that  name  in  Kent,  admitted  of  All  Souls,  Pre- 
bendary of  Fridaythorpe  in  the  Church  of  York  1562,  being  about  that  time  Physician  of  the  Cham- 
ber to  Queen  Elizabeth.     His  eldest  son  George  settled  at  Cirencester,  which  Abbey  was  granted 
6  Eliz.  to  his  father,  where  his  posterity  yet  remain.    Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  81.     Thomas  Master,  D.  D.    was 
Master  of  the  Temple  in  the  Reign  of  James  I.     Rudder's  Gloc.  p.  29. 

15  Henry  Baylie,  of  New  College,  Proctor  1547  (Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  72.)  ;  M.  D.  1563.  (Ibid.  92.) 

16  Walter  Baylie,  M.  D.  Professor  of  Physic,  1563.     Ibid.  92. 

17  18  19  I  find  nothing  of  these  in  Wood.     Edward  Astlowe.     (Peck.) 

20  John  Gifford,  of  New  College ;  M.  D.  1598,  practised  in  London,  being  one  of  the  College  of 
Physicians,  and  famous  for  his  honesty  and  learning.  He  died  in  a  good  old  age,  and  was  buried  at 
Hornchurch,  Essex.  Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  155.  He  was  twice  instrumental  in  recovering  Mr.  Camden  from 
illness.     Ibid.  482. 

21  Francis  Wolley,  a  native  of  Shropshire,  of  Merton  College ;  A.M.  1557;  Latin  Secretary  to 
Queen  Elizabeth  1568  ;  Prebendary  of  Wells  1569  ;  and,  though  a  layman,  Dean  of  Carlisle  1578, 
and  Chancellor  of  the  Garter  1589  ;  one  of  the  Commissioners  to  try  the  Queen  of  Scots  ;  knighted 
1592  ;  and  one  of  the  Privy  Council ;  died  at  Pyrford,  Surrey,  where  he.  had  an  estate,  and  was  buried 
in  St.  Paul's,  1595.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  86. 

22  James  Leech,  of  Merton  College.  Ibid.  101.  William  Leech,  of  Brazen  Nose,  was  Senior 
Proctor  this  year.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  96. 

23  Q.  Thomas  Thornton,  Vice-chancellor,  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Worcester,  and  Hereford, 
Chanter  of  Hereford,  and  Master  of  Ledbury  Hospital ;  died  1620,  buried  at  Ledbury  ;  Tutor  to  Sir 
Philip  Sidney,  and  Mr.  Camden  ;  D.  D.  1583.     Ibid.  4S0.  f.  124.  126. 

24  Henry  Bust,  of  Magdalen  College,  Proctor  1567;  M.  D.  1578;  Superior  Reader  of  Lynacre's 
Physic  Lecture  :  preached  many  years  with  great  repute,  and  died  at  Oxford  1616.     lb.  f.  100.  117- 

25  Tobie  Mathew.     (Peck.) 

26  Edmund  Campion,  of  St.  John's  ;  A.  M.  1564 ;  a  florid  preacher.  When  Queen  Elizabeth  was 
entertained  by  the  University  of  Oxford,  he  did  not  only  make  an  eloquent  Oration  before  her  at  her 
first  entry,  but  also  was  Respondent  in  the  Philosophy  Act  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  performed  by  him 
with  great  applause  from  that  Queen  and  the  learned  auditory.  He  afterwards  turned  Papist.  See 
more  of  him  in  Ath.  Ox.  1. 207. 

27  Of  Magdalen  College. 

28  John  Mericke,  a  native  of  Anglesea,  educated  at  Winchester  School ;  admitted  of  New  Col- 
lege ;  Proctor  1565;  Vicar  of  Hornchurch,  Essex,  1570;  and  Bishop  of  Man  1573;  died  1599. 
Ath.  Ox.  1. 718. 

29  Richard  Bristow,  of  Christ  Church,  A.  M.  1562,  then  in  great  renown  for  his  oratory.  Ath. 
Ox.  I.  f.  91.  Junior  of  the  Act  ^celebrated  July  13,  this  year,  and  obtained  great  credit  among 
the  Academicians  for  his  admirable  speeches  spoken  while  Junior  of  the  Act,  became  noted  in  the 
University  for  his  acute  parts,  was  promoted  to  one  of  Sir  William  Petre's  Scholarships  at  Exeter 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1$66.  2$$ 

In  hunc  locum  convenerunt  Commissarius  Universitatis,  Doctoresque  aliquot,  ac 
Collegiorum  Propositi,  ut  Reginse  adventum  gratularentur  in  ipsis  terminis.  Quae 
ubi  accessit,  Marbecus,  homo  apud  suos  disertissimus,  et  Ecclesiae  Christi  prebend, 
facunda  oratione  earn  accepit.  Qua  finita  ad  manus  osculandum  sunt  omnes  isti 
admissi,  Honoratissimo  Lecestriae  Comite,  et  Acad.  Oxon.  Cancellario,  eorum  et 
dignitatem  et  nomen  Regiae  Maj.  significante. 

Ubi  progressum  est  paulo  ulterius  et  urbi  propinquius,  Major  Oxon',  cum  13 
Senioribus,  qui  omnes  purpureis  amicti  erant  togis,  una  cum  tipetis  holosericis, 
obviam  Reginae  fiunt,  se  fascesque  suas  illi  subjiciunt.  Etiam  Major  pauca  quaedam 
dixit,  quod  qui  illis  est  in  Jure  consultis,  Recorder  dicimus,  per  hosce  dies  aegro- 
tabat.  Tandem  Reginae  oblatus  est  crater  argenteus,  in  significationem  obediential 
ac  gratitudinis. 

Introiit  Regina  in  urbem  per  portam  Aquilonarem,  in  qua  career  publicus  est, 
qui  Bocardo  dicitur,  intra  duas  turres  quae  portam  utrinque  claudunt,  quaeque 
dealbatae  erant,  medium  spatium  Insignia  Regni  urbisque  depicta  habuit.  Urbis 
hoc  insigne  erat  Bes  vadum  pertransiens.  In  superiori  quali  frontispicio  hujus 
Portae,  hoc  Uteris  majusculis  erat  scriptum,  Decet  Regem  regere  Legem. 

Statim  ut  est  ingressa  Reg.  Maj.  in  oppidum,  porrigunt  illi  Sophistae  quidam 
orationem  gratulatoriam;  sic  etiam  postea  et  Baccalaurei,  et  Mri  Artiurn  fecerunt; 
ubi  recta  platea  per  populi  ac  scholarium  multitudinem,  in  medium  urbis  venit 
Regina,  quod  vulgo  diciter  Caerfax,Laurentius(3l)  qui  est  Regius  Interpres  Graecae 
linguae  Oxon',  Graece  verba  fecit,  quo  ejus  adventum  Academiae  gratum  intelli- 
gent, praedicabatque  Reg.  laudes.  Huic  ubi  se  Regia  Maj.  parabat,  ut  responderet, 

College,  1567,  turned  Papist,  and  settled  at  Douay  and  Rheims;   but  returning  privately  to  England, 
for  his  health,  died  1581.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  211. 

30  Adam  Squyre,  of  St.  John's  (ut  infra) ;  D.  D.  1576  ;  Master  of  Balioll  College,  Archdeacon  of 
Middlesex,  and  Prebend  of  Totenhale,  in  St.  Paul's,  1577;  married  Bishop  Aylmer's  daughter,  and 
died  before  1580.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  113.     Newcourt,  I.  82. 

31  Giles  Lawrence,  a  native  of  Gloucestershire,  admitted  of  Christ  Church  College,  1539;  Proba- 
tionary Fellow  of  All  Souls,  1542;  Archdeacon  of  Wells,  1564,  which  he  resigned,  1580,  being  in 
such  esteem  for  his  learning,  that  a  certain  author  of  no  mean  fame  tells  us,  "  He  was  the  light  and 
ornament  of  this  University,  brought  up  and  nourished  in  the  bosom  of  Pallas ;  and  that  into  him,  as 
into  Bartholomew  Dodington  of  Cambridge,  nature  and  unwearied  industry  had  infused  and  placed 
all  the  Greek  treasures  and  riches  imaginable."  Edw.  Graunt,  in  Epist.  ded.  ad  Graecae  Linguae 
Spicilegium,  1575.  He  was  tutor  to  Sir  Anthony  Darcy's  children  in  Mary's  Reign,  and  living  1584. 
Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  100—117. 

VOL.  I.  2  H 


234  THE  QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1^66. 

vel  impetu  imperitae  multitudinis,  vel  ferocia  mulorum,  e  suo  quali  loco  paululum, 
propellitur  lectica,  qua  vel  propter  frequentes  imbres,  vel  aegritudinis  metum,  delata 
fuit.  Itaque  relicto  cum  gratiis  Laurentio,  per  baccauleorum  et  magistrorum, 
medium  in  Collegium  dictum  Christi  ecclesiam,  praeeunte  magna  nobilium  turba, 
una  cum  Legato  Hispano  l  devenit,  siquidem  in  hoc  Collegio  Hospitium  Reginae 
erat  paratum,  magno  societatis  sumptu,  commoralique  sunt  ibidem  per  hosce  dies 
Comites  Leicestriae,  Oxon',  Warvvic',  D.  Will.  Howard,  D.  Sheffield,  Mr.  Will. 
Cecill  Secretarius,  Mr.  Francis  Knolles,  atque  alii,  quia  studentes  omnes  sese 
receperunt  in  alia  loca  vicina,  praeter  praebendarios  quosdam. 

Hujus  Collegii  tres  sunt  partes  fere  exaedificatae,  at  quarta  quae  Boream  spectat 
vix  fundamenta  jacta  ostendit.  Ex  his  tribus  quae  ad  orientem  est,  tota  erat  in 
varia  cubicula  distincta,  ad  similitudinem  Aulae  cujusdam  Regalis,  in  quibus  Regina 
toto  hoc  tempore  conquievit.  Ubi  igitur  ad  fores  hujus  aediflcii,  novo  opere 
extructas,  Maj.  Reg.  fuisset  delata,  pompa  certe  ut  decuit  regia,  Academiae  orator 
aetate  juvenis,  sed  prudentia  virili,  ex  sellula  quadam  posita  Reginam  est  affatus, 
dixit  de  timore  suo,  de  excellentia  tantae  Principis,  Regum  beneficia  in  Acade- 
miam,  ab  Aluredo  restauratore  (ut  voluit)  percensuit,  viz.  Richardi  primi  et  Ed- 
wardi  primi  turn  Henrici  VIII.  et  Edovardi  sexti,  qui  Bucerum  ac  Martyrem  in 
hoc  regnum  vocarunt,  ejus  vero  hoc  esse  immortale  beneficium,  quod  Academiam 
inviseret.     Sermonem  cum  praecatione  pro  Regina  absolvit. 

Fores  istas  architectura  insignes  ornabant  hinc  inde  carmina  omnis  generis : 
etiam  in  superiori  harum  parte  pingebantur  versus  isti : 

Vive  diu,  splendor  gentis,  Regina,  Britannae, 
Et  quae  das  pacis  commoda,  perge  dare. 

Ad  preces  recta  in  Sacellum  quam  primum  itur,  variis  musicis  instrumentis 
Psalmi  canuntur,  et  orationes  Latine  absolvuntur  per  Decanum.  Ad  extremum 
in  Hospitia  omnes.     Spectacula  nulla  hac  nocte. 

Dies  2.  viz.  Domin.  Sequenti  die,  qui  Dominicus  fuit,  conveniunt  Consiliarii 
omnes  in  Ecclesiam  Christi,  ubi  post  preces  matutinas,  Dr.  Overton2,  Prebendarius 

1  Gusman,  Dean  of  Toledo.  Wood,  Hist.  &  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  I.  286.  Queen  Elizabeth  sent  for  her 
Ambassador  to  Spain,  1567,  John  Man,  Warden  of  Merton,  and  Dean  of  Gloucester,  saying  merrily, 
"  That  as  her  brother  of  Spain  had  sent  her  a  Goose  Man,  she  had  sent  him  a  Man  Goose."  Ath.  Ox. 
I.  157.     Wood  calls  him  Gosemannus,  or  Goosmannus. 

2  His  Prebend  of  Winchester  is  not  mentioned  by  Wood  among  his  other  preferments.  Hist.  & 
Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  I.  287. 


THE    QUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    OXFORD,   1566.  235 

Winton',  concionem  habuit  ad  Regni  magnates,  populumque  reliquum.  Thematis 
loco  selegit  illud.     Psal.  Il8.    Hose  est  dies  quam,  &c. 

[Sequitur  Concionis  brevis  Epitome  hie  omissa.] 

Hsec  postquam  isto  modo  dixisset,  surrexerunt  Consiliarii,  reliquique  honorati 
viri,  diseesseruntque  in  sua. 

A  prandio  hujus  diei  nihil  egregii  actitatum,  nisi  quod  Concionator  quidam 
Harris  1  nomine  in  eadem  Ecclesia  Christi  ad  populum  dixerit  ex  eo  capite  D. 
Petri,  Sobrii  estote  et  vigilate,  8$c.  Partitus  est  orationem  in  mores  hominis 
Christiani,  turn  in  adversarii  considerationem,  postremo  in  defensionem  contra 
adversarium.  Dixit  itaque  de  sobrietate  et  vigilantia,  dixit  de  adversario  nostro, 
ejusque  accessu  ad  nos;  dixit  denique  de  fide  qua  illis  resistimus,  cum  exortatione 
ut  vere  fideles  simus. 

Hunc  diem  clausit  Historia  quaedam  Gemini2  cujusdam,  quam  Historiam  stu- 
diosi  quidam  Collegii  Christi  in  form  am  redigerant  Comcedia,  sed  oratione  soluta, 
qui  eandem  in  scena  peregerunt  in  Aula  ejusdem  Collegii,  ubi  omnia  erant  ad 
splendorem  et  ornatum  satis  illustria,  sumptibus  regiis,  et  adjumento  Mri  Ed- 
wards 3,  qui  duobus  fere  mensibus  in  Academia  mansit,  ad  opus  etiam  quoddam 
Anglicum  conficiendum,  quod  sequenti  nocte  edidit.  Huic  historiali  comcedise 
interfuerunt  Consiliarii  Regii,  nobiles  viri  ac  fceminse,  una  cum  Legato  Regis 
Hispani.  Aberat  Regina4  vel  aegritudinis  metu,  vel  aliis  impedita  negotiis.  Sona- 
verat  jam  prima  a  media  nocte,  cum  huic  spectaculo  esset  impositus  finis. 

1  Qu.  Thomas  Harrys,  of  New  College,  Archdeacon  of  Cornwell,  1500  ?     Ath.  Ox.  I.  654. 

9  Marcus  Geminus.     Hist.  &  Antiq.  Univ.  Ox. 

8  Richard  Edwards,  of  Somersetshire,  admitted  Scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  under  the  tuition 
of  George  Etheridge,  1540,  and  Probationary  Fellow,  1544;  Student  of  the  Upper  Table  at  Christ 
Church  ;  and  A.  M.  1547.  In  the  beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign  he  was  made  one  of  the 
Gentlemen  of  her  Chapel  Royal,  and  Master  of  the  Children  there ;  being  then  esteemed  not  only  an 
excellent  musician,  but  an  exact  poet,  as  many  of  his  compositions  in  music  (for  he  was  not  only 
skilled  in  the  practice,  but  theoretical  part)  and  poetry  do  shew ;  for  which  he  was  highly  valued  by 
those  who  knew  him,  especially  his  associates  at  Lincoln's  Inn,  of  which  he  was  a  Member,  and  in 
some  respects  an  ornament,  and  much  lamented  by  them,  and  all  ingenious  men  of  his  time  at  his 
death,  about  1566.  He  wrote,  "  Damon  and  Pythias,"  a  Comedy,  acted  at  Court  and  the  University; 
"  Palaemon  and  Arcyte,"  a  Comedy,  in  two  parts,  acted  before  the  Queen  in  Christ  Church  Hall, 
1566.  (See  p.  SIS.)  He  wrote  several  poems  in  English  and  Latin;  the  former  in  "  Tho  Paradise  of 
Dainty  Devises."     Ath.  Ox.  I.  151. 

*  Wood  (ubi  supra)  says  she  was  there. 


236  THE    GLUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    OXFORD,   I566*. 

3.  Dies  Act.  die  Lunce.  Hora  septima  hujus  diei  Hebraicus  Prselector1  inter- 
pretatur;  ad  octavam  Mri  Artium  ordinarias  lectiones  auspicabantur;  ubi  nona 
fuerat  audita,  Academiae  Cancellarius  habens  in  Comitatu  Legatum  Hispan.  et  alios 
Proceres  Regni  venit  in  Scholam  Theologicam  ad  audiendum  Doct.  Humfridum 
Regin.  Professorem  exponentem  ex  6*  Cap.  Esa :  Vos  qui  justificatis  impium,  &c. 
A  decima  ad  undecimam,  totus  fere  hie  auditorum  numerus  se  recepit  in  Scholas 
Philosoph.  ad  disputationem  audiendam. 

At  hinc  Collegium  Novum  perlustrat,  ubi  orationem  gratulatoriam  habuit  Mr.2 
**=**  Tandem  ubi  Bibliothecam  pervidisset,  itum  est  ad  prandium. 

Ab  hoc  tempore  ad  noctem  nihil  publice  in  Academia  est  gestum,  nisi  quod 
Dr.  Cradocke3  in  Theol.  Schola  alterum  Lectionem  Theol.  sit  auspicatus,  legebat 
enim  ex  primo  capite  Lucae  Evang. 

Ut  superiori  nocte,  sic  et  ista  Theatrum  exornatum  fuit  splendide,  quo  publice 
exhiberetur  Fabula  Militis  (ut  Chaucerus  nominat)  e  Latino  in  Anglicum  sermo- 
nem  translata  per  Mrum  Edwards  et  alios  ejusdem  Collegii  alumnos.  Postea 
quarn  ingressa  fuerat  Regia  Maj.  in  Theatrum,  clausique  essent  omnes  aditus, 
nescio  quo  casu,  nee  qua  ratione,  cecidit  muri  cujusdam  pars,  qua  in  Aulam  itur, 
oppressitque  Scholarem  Aulae  B.  Marias4  et  opidanum  nomine  Penny,  qui  ibidem 
mortui  sunt,  et  etiam  alterius  cujusdam  Scholaris  crus  fractum  fuit,  cocique5 
utrumque  crus  conquassatum,  faciesque  confecta  quasi  vulneribus  fuit  lapidum 
ruina.  Veruntamen  non  fuit  intermissum  spectaculum,  sed  ad  mediam  noctem 
prorogatum. 

4  Dies,  viz.  dies  Martis.  Lectiones  ordinarias  Mri  repetunt,  Medicinaeque 
Professor  Regius  in  Schola  Theol.  Aphorismos  Hippocratis  est  interpretatus. 
Turn  Disputationes  quodlibiticae  (ut  vocant)  fiebant,  quibus  interfuit  D.  Secret. 
Cecillus.  Postea  Cancellarius  Acad,  adiit  Legatum  Hisp.  in  Collegio  Mertonensi 
commorantem,  eumque  primum  in  Collegium  Corporis  Christi,  turn  in  Collegium 
Aureol.  deducit,  ubi  in  ipsis  Portis  Mr.  Belly6,  Praepositus  ejusdem  Collegii,  eos 

1  Thomas  Neale. 

2  The  name  here  omitted  is  supplied  in  Wood,  Hist.  &  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  I.  288.  with  that  of  George 
Coriat,  father  of  the  mad  traveller,  was  admitted  Perpetual  Fellow  of  New  College  1562,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  Rectory  of  Odcombe  1570,  Where  he  died  1606.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  335. 

3  Of  whom  see  before,  p.  231. 

4 Walker.     Wood,  Hist.  &  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  ubi  supra.  *  John  Gilbert.     Ibid. 

6  John  Belly,  LL.  D.  1567  j  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of  Lincoln,  and  one  of  the  Masters  in 
Chancery.    Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  101. 


THE    ftUEEN's   ENTERTAINMENT   AT    OXFORD,  1$66.  237 

oratione  accepit,  sed  laudibus  tantum  Cancellarii  referta.  Mox  Collegium  Omnium 
Animarum,  et  Aulam  et  Bibliothecam  lustravit :  turn  quod  est  ex  adverso  Col- 
legium Universitatis  invisunt,  in  quo  et  Aululam  et  Sacellulum  spectant.  Tandem 
recta  Magdalenense  Collegium  adeunt  ex  improviso  ut  videbatur,  nam  nulli  illis 
obviam  processerunt,  nee  ullius  voce  salutati  erant  priusquam  in  ipsam  sunt  in- 
gressi  Aulam,  ubi  Prsesidens  ad  illos  venit:  ubi  hortos,  pomeria,  bibliothecamque 
fuissent  contemplati,  discesserunt. 

A  meridie  circa  tertiam  Regia  Majestas  magna  comitata  nobilium  turba  in  Ec- 
clesiam  B.  Mariae  jamdiu  expectata  venit.  Hie  sedes  erant  hoc  tempore  appa- 
ratae,  ad  Cantabrig.  Theatri  similitudinem,  ubi  facultatum  omnium  Disputationes 
publicae  fierent.  Regia  sedes  cum  Regali  Cathedra  ab  oriente  in  occidentem  spec- 
tabat,  ad  dextram  Consiliarii,  aliique  Primores  Regni,  ad  sinistram  fceminae  nobiles 
una  cum  Legato  Hisp.  Reliquam  superiorem  sessionem  occupabant  alii  quique. 
Doctores  considebant  medio  quodam  loco,  infimi  erant  Artium  Mri;  inter  Doctores 
etiam  sedebat  Cancellarius.  Cum  omnia  isto  modo  fuerant  constitute,  Senior 
Procurator,  Lechus1  nomine,  expressit  paucis  gaudium  universse  Acad,  ob  adven- 
tum  tanti  Principis ;  turn  petiit,  ut  illis  liceret  suo  more  disputare.  Ubi  Latine 
satis  perorasset,  ad  Magistros  opponentes  dixit,  "  Mr.  propone  quaestionem." 
Duae  itaque  sunt  propositi  quaestiones  ex  naturali  philosophia  desumptae ;  viz. 
"  An  inferiora  regantur  a  superioribus  ?"  2.  "An  Luna  sit  causa  fluxus  et  re- 
fluxus  maris  ?" 

Qui  Respondentis  locum  occupavit,  viz.  Mr.  Campion,  ex  Collegio  D.  Johan- 
nis,  ubi  totidem  verbis  et  4  versibus  has  quaestiones  repetisset,  adjunxit  rationes 
quasdam  suae  defensionis,  idque  non  longa  oratione. 

Surrexit  ad  oppugnandam  primam  Quaestionem  Decus  Magd.  Coll.  qui  conten- 
debat  superiora  fieri  propter  generationem,  et  corruptionem  inferiorum,  atque  ita 
haec  inferiora  praestantiora  fore.  Hunc  sequntus  est  Mr.  Mewricke  Novi  Coll. 
qui  animarum  afFectiones  sequi  corporis  temperiem  voluit  probare,  ut  necessitatem 
actionum  nostram  induceret.  Tertius  disputavit  Mr.  Bristow,  non  tangere  supe- 
riora haec  inferiora,  et  ideo  non  agere.  Postremo  Mr.  Squier  D.  Joannis  Socius, 
de  gemellis  dissimilimis  egit.  Atque  ita  ad  determinatorem  res  delata  fuit,  qui 
proprium  quendam  locum  sibi  assignatum  habuit.  Hie  Mr.  Belly  vocatur,  viz. 
Propositus  Coll.  Aureol.  couclusit  paucis  superiora  agere  in  haec  inferiora. 

De  secunda  Quaestione  nihil  est  dictum. 

•  See  before,  p.  c232. 


23 8  THE    GLUEEn's    ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  I566*. 

Secuta  est  statim  in  eodem  loco  Disputatio  Moralis  Philos.     In  qua  ubi  Procu- 
rator jussit  Magistrum  Quaestiones  proponere,  Mr.  Leche  Mert.  Coll.  quaesivit 
'  An  Princeps  declarandus  esset  electione  potius  quam  successione  ?"  Turn,  "An 
praestaret  Regi  ab  optima  Lege,  quam  ab  optimo  Rege?" 

Ad  has  respondebat  Mr.  Wolly  Coll.  Mert.  uno  verbo,  verum  longius  praefatus 
est  in  Politices  laudem  vel  admirationem  potius,  cujus  exactum  exemplar  pro- 
posuit  Reginam  praesentem.  Ad  extremum  petiit,  ut  Leges  nostrates  collige- 
rentur  in  unum  codicem  a  R.  M.  Atque  sic  ad  disputandum  ventum  est. 

Mr.  Leechus  Mertonen.  petita  a  Regia  Maj.  venia,  elegantem  orationem  habuit 
contra  successionem  et  pro  electione  in  creando  Rege.  Tandem  ratiocinatus  est 
sic,  quod  natura  justius,  Reipub.  utilius,  et  naturae  magistratus  convenientius,  hoc 
sequendum.  Qui  Lechum  secutus  est,  viz.  Mr.  Thorneton,  voluit  de  2da  Quaes- 
tione  agere,  quod  instructior  ad  illam  venerat;  verum  revocatur  jussu  Regio  ad 
primam  ;  in  qua  nihil  fere  dixit,  nisi  electionem  non  esse  postponendam  propter 
incommoda.  Successit  3tio  in  loco  Mr.  Buste,  Magd.  qui  urgebat  adversarium 
interrogationibus  et  quasi  dialogismo  quodam  contra  successionem  verba  habuit, 
saepe  se  ad  Reg.  Maj.  convertens,  quasi  queritans  quod  adversarius  de  sententia 
dimoveri  noluit.  Hie  a  Procuratore  revocatus,  contendebat  hoc  argumento,  viz. 
"  Beatam  fore  Civitatem,  si  ex  electione  Reges  crearentur." 

Ultimo  Mr.  Matthew  contra  successionem  dixit  suaviter  et  distincte,  et  cum 
summa  laude,  cujus  erat  haec  ratio,  "  Plus  tribuendum  consilio  quam  fortunae,  et 
in  successione  fortuna  dominatur."     Haec  ille  hoc  modo. 

Ad  extremum  Mr.  Cooper1  Magdel.  pro  successione  determinavit*  cum  adjec- 
tione  maximi  periculi  si  Regnum  relinqueretur  de  successione  incertum. 

De  altera  Ouasstione  nihil  est  dictum. 

His  peractis,  Reg.  Maj.  in  palatium  se  recepit,  sibi  nihil  ilia  nocte  actitatum. 
Silebat  enim  Comcedia.   , 

Habuit  Mr.  Neele  4  ex  minoribus  Prophetis2  ex  Hebr.  in  Lat.  versos,  quos 
voluit  Cane.  Oxon.  dedicare,  sed  visum  est  consultius  ut  Reginae  commendaret. 
Idem  Mr.  Neele  Praelector  Linguae  Heb.  depinxit  quasi  in  tabulas  singula  Col- 
legia separatim,  adjunxitque  dialogi  in  morem  exordia,  fundationes,  numerum,  &c. 

1  Thomas  Cooper,  A.  M.  B.  M.  1556  ;  Master  of  Magdalen  College  Free-school  1546 ;  Bishop  of 
Winchester  1534;  Dean  of  Christ  Church  1566,  of  Gloucester  1569  (Ath.  Ox.  I.  158.) ;  Bishop  of 
Lincoln  1570 ;  died  at  Winchester  1594.    lb.  I.  265. 

2  All  the  prophets.     Hist.  &.  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  I.  2,88, 


THE  Q,UEEN's  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  lj66.  ^39 

cujusque  Societatis ;  Interlocutoribus  Reg.  et  Acad.  Cancel!.     Hunc  librum  ob- 
tulit  Regiae  Maj. 

Mr.  Jacobus  Sanford  transulit  Epictetum  in  Angl.  Sermonem,  Reginaeque 
dedicavit.     Huic  libro  nomen  fecit,  "  The  Manuel  of  Epictetus." 

Mr.  Keis  l  Praepositus  Collegii  Universitatis  scripsit  de  Antiquitate  Oxon.  Aca- 
demiae  libellum,  quern  per  Cancellarium  Oxon.  voluit  Reg.  Majestati  praesentari. 

Dies  5.  viz.  Merc.  Mr.  Harris  in  Ecclesia  S.  Petri  concionatus  est,  eodem 
assumpto  themate  quo  in  die  etiam  Dom.  viz.  Sobrii  estote,  &c.  1  Petr.  5.  Egit 
de  crudelitate  adversii,  turn  adulatione  adversarii,  postremo  de  fide,  qua  illi  resis- 
titur.  Crudelitas  apparet  in  membris  ejus,  ut  in  Pharone,  &c.  de  Tyrannis  et 
Rom.  Pont,  ejus  crudelitas  in  homines  et  pecora.  2  De  adulatione  ex  historia 
gentium,  turn  de  Joab.  Praeterea  hunc  adversarium  cavendum  tempore  prosperi- 
tatis.  Postremo,  quomodo  si  occupemur  rebus  divinis  et  sacris,  adversarius  a 
nobis  fugiat,  quomodo  possumus  resistere,  quoniam  nihil  ille  potest,  nisi  facultas 
illi  concessa  fuerit ;  sic  clausit  hanc  concionem. 

Lectiones  ordinariae  celebratse  et  Disputationes  quotlibet:  Lectio  nulla  Theol.  ut 
nee  superiori  die. 

A  prandio  ubi  in  Ecclesiam  B.  Mariae  Regina  venisset,  Procurator  Jun.  ordiri 
disputat.,  Dr.  White2  proposuit  2  Quaest.  (verum  paucis  est  Reg.  Maj.  allocutus, 
quae  dignata  sit  Academiam  adire,  quod  ejus  Pater  tantum  quasi  in  transcursu  egit, 
cum  pollicitatione  recordations perpetuae):  Primam,  "Anprivilegium  bello  extinc- 
tum  facta  pace  revivisceret,  nulla  facta  speciali  mentione  in  fcederibus  pacis?"  Se- 
cundam,  "  Utrum  creditor  vel  debitor  sustineret  damnum  et  incommodum  dimi- 
nutae  pecuniae,  si  ante  diem  solutionis  moneta  fuerat  diminuta?" 

Dr.  Abre  3  Responsor  praetermisit  laudes  Juris  Civilis,  quod  erat  in  his  Quaes- 
tionibus  defensurus  comprehendit  paucis  verbis.  Turn  Dr.  White,  cum  rationibus 
aggreditur,  primum  satis  esse  ista  privilegia  in  generali  conventione  pacis  contineri, 
ut  in  mutuo,  ut  in  dote,  quae  non  egent  speciali  mentione  :  turn  pacis  ac  belli  con- 
Thomas  Key,  or  Cay,  wrote  "  Assertio  Antiquitatis  Oxoniensis  Academise,"  which  drew  him  into 
a  controversy  with  Dr.  John  Cay,  of  Cambridge,  of  which  see  Ath.  Ox.  I.  173.  Brit.  Top.  I.  211. 
He  died  at  University  College  157*2,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Peter's  in  the  East,  Oxford. 

!  Thomas  Whyte,  of  New  College ;  Prebendary  of  Winchester;  LL.  D.  1553  5  Warden  of  New 
College  1553;  Archdeacon  of  Berks  1557;  Chancellor  of  Sarum  1571  ;  died,  and  was  buried  there 
1588.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  79. 

3  See  before,  p.  231,  n.  12. 


240  the  glueen's  entertainment  at  oxford,  1566. 

trarios  esse  effectus,  at  bellum  destruere  privilegia,  pacem  quasi  e  mortuis  revocare. 
Has  rationes  legibus  et  authoritate  confirmavit. 

Dr.  Lloyd  *  secundam  aggreditur,  de  qua  nihil  dixerat  Dr.  White,  contendebat- 
que  satis  esse,  si  debitor  restituat  pecuniam  eadem  bonitate,  quum  aeque  bonam 
reddit,  tamque  ejusdem  quantitatis  reddit,  quod  erat  in  moneta  unice  spectandum. 

Dr.  Lucher  2,  omissa  prima  Quaestione,  disputavit  eandem  rationem  fuisse  partis 
ad  partem  quae  totius  ad  totum  ;  at  totum  si  interiret,  debitor  non  teneretur  ad  dam- 
num quum  speciei  interitus  erat.  Et  quum  respondens  hie  debitorem  ad  quanti- 
tatem  non  ad  speciem  teneri  dixit,  conatus  est  etiam  ostendere,  et  quantitatem  etiam 
interire,  proposito  exemplo  ejus,  qui  ad  diem  constitutum,  adhibitis  testibus  nume- 
rasset  pecuniam,  et  in  sacculum  conclusisset,  quod  postea  perdidisset. 

Dr.  Kenall3  Comissarus  Universitatis  determinavit  privilegia  mortua  non 
renasci  sequente  pace:  turn  debitorem  teneri  ad  damnum  et  incommodum  dimi- 
nutae  pecuniae.     Hinc  post  Disput.  hanc  in  Jure  Civ.  Reg.  in  Palat. 

Hac  nocte  quod  erat  reliquum  de  Historia  vel  Fabula  Palaemoniset  Arcitis  acti- 
tatum  est,  Regina  ipsa  in  scena  praesente. 

Tribus  illis  diebus  quibus  in  Ecclesia  B.  Mariae  disputatum  erat,  multi  Scholares 
carmina,  variis  de  rebus  conscripta,  per  parietes  suspenderunt.  Unus  omnes 
Reges  Angliae  a  Willo  Mag'  ad  haec  tempora  versibus  comprehendit :  Alius  Mar- 
tyrum  Oxon'  combustorum  historiam  est  persequutus.  Erat  qui  ipsum  oppidum 
Oxon'  depingendum  charta  quadam  curavit,  atque  ibi  spectatum  proposuerat. 

Fertur  quodque  Collegium  conscriptum  Libellum  habere  Lat'  versibus,  de  ori- 
gine,  fundatore  cujusque,  de  viris  illustribus,  qui  ibidem  enutriti  erant,  &c.  ac  prae- 
terea  cujusque  Collegii  alumnos  carminibus  animi  sui  laetitiam  significasse,  licet 
ad  singula  Collegia  visenda  Regina  non  iverit. 

Dies  6.  viz.  Jovis.  In  Scholis  ordinariae  Lectiones.  In  Collegio  Merton'  Dis- 
putatio  in  Phil'  morali  repetita  fuit,  vel  potius  absoluta  coram  Cancellario,  Legato 
Hisp'  caeterisque  Nobilibus  ;  eodem  Mro  Walleo  respondente,  opponentibusque 
eisdem  Mris,  viz.  Leche,  Thorneton,  Bust,  et  Mathew ;  Determ'  Mro  Cowpero. 
Sed  praecipue  2da  Quaest.  de  legibus  &  regibus  agitata  fuit. 

A  prandio  venit  Regina  in  Ecclesiam  B.  Mariae  ad  Disputationes.     Hie  propo- 

1  See  before,  p.  231,  n.  10.  B  See  before,  p.  231,  n.  11. 

?  John  Kennall,  LL.  D.  1553  ;  Archdeacon  of  Oxford  1561  (Ath.  Ox.  I.  f.  63.)  ;  Canon  of  Christ 
Church  5  Commissary  of  Oxford  1564  (Ibid.  93.)  ;  Chancellor  of  Rochester  ;  Canon  Residentiary  of 
Exeter,  where  he  died  1591.     (Ibid.  79.) 


THE  QUEEN'S  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1566.  241 

nuntur  a  Dre  Huicke  una   Quaestio  in   re  Medica,  viz.  "  An  vita  humana  arte 
medica  prorogari  possit?" 

Ubi  Dr.  Fraunces  1  dixisset,  qnibus  in  rebus  vita  constaret,  quousque  proroga- 
retur,  addidissetque  ad  causas  valere  artem  med' ;  longiore  oratione  Dr.  Huicke 
egit  de  perfectione  naturae,  et  imperfectione  artis,  ex  Galeno  ;  tandem  ratiocinatus 
est  sic : 

"  Natura  per  se  satis  perfecta  est :  Ergo  non  indiget  arte,  ut  in  cervis  et  corvis, 
qui  longissime  vivunt." 

Respon.  "  Naturae  vocem  distinxit." 

Dr.  Bayle,  Sen.  est  sequutus,  qui,  omissa  praefatione,  disputavit  hoc  modo : 
"  Conservare  vitam  non  est  medici,  quum  infiniti  morbi  sunt  et  infinitorum  nulla 
sit  ars." 

Dr.  Bayle,  Jun.  gratias  egit  Principi,  et  Acad,  nomine  et  suo,  quod  Regius  Pro- 
fessor in  Med'  erat,  egitque  hac  ratione. 

Ars  Med'  non  potest  retardare  senectutem  :  Ergo  nee  mortem. 

Quod  probavit  quoniam  solidae  partes  non  poterant  humectari.  Reliqui  Doc- 
tores,  viz.  Dr.  Astlo,  Dr.  Barons,  Dr.  Stythirst,  Dr.  Gifford,  non  disputarunt ; 
verum  determinavit  Dr.  Masters,  distinxitque  humidum  in  humidum,  acreum, 
exsangue,  et  radicale.  Hoc  significari  dixit  tribus  illis  Parcis,  quae  Clotho,  Colon, 
Atropos  dicuntur. 

Cum  finita  fuerat  Disput'  Med',  Dr.  Humfrey  Cathedram  occupat  Theol'.  Cui 
proposuit  hanc  Quaest'  Dr.  Godwyn. 

"  An  privato  homini  liceat  arma  sumere  contra  malum  Principem  ?"  Dr. 
Humfrey  praefatus  est  de  Regia  praesentia  ad  audiend'  Theologiam,  de  ejus  regno 
pacifico,  de  se  Doctoribusque  caeteris,  quod  nonfaverent  seditioni,  quod  abhorrerent 
ab  omni  tumultu  ;  atque  tandem  conclusit,  ex  praecepto  divino  obediendum  esse 
Principibus  etiam  malis. 

Dr.  Godwyn  rursus  explicavit  primum  apud  Ethnicos  licuisse,  turn  apud  Judaeos, 
interficere  Tyrannos,  viz.  ex  honoribus  illis  decretis,  ex  felici  successu,  ex  turpis- 
sima  vita  Tyrannorum,  turn  exemplis  ;  verum  pressius  egit  isto  modo  : 

"  Quod  apud  Judaeos  licuit  privato,  licet  et  nobis. 

'  Thomas  Francis,  of  Christ  Church,  after  he  had  taken  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  Divinity,  entered 
in  the  physic  line  1550;  King's  Professor  of  Physic,  as  Deputy  for  Dr.  Warner,  1552;  M.  B.  1553 j 
Provost  of  Queen's  1561 ;  Physician  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  much  respected  by  her.  Ath.  Ox.  I. 
f.81. 

VOL.  I.  2  I 


242  the  giueen's  entertainment  at  oxford,  1566. 


i( 


At  private  licuit,  viz.  Jephthae,  qui  erat  privatus,  sic  : 
"  Non  potuit  eligi,quum  non  potuit  ingredi  Templum,  et  hoc  ideo,  quum  Alius 
erat  meretricis,  et  homines  malos  collegerat  ut  patet." 

Resp.  "  Est  nee  majorem  nee  minorem  firmam  esse;  quum, 
"  Ethnicis  non  licebat  ingredi  templum,  et  tamen  erant  Principes  ex  illis. 
"  Sed  minor  erat  incerta,  quoniam   verbum    Hebr.  significat  et  stabulariam 
mulierem  et  meretricem." 

Dr.  Calfild  promisit  se  probaturum  (prsefatione  habita,  viz.  se  tantum  habere 
quaedam   figmenta   contra  veritatem),  Primo,  "  Nullum  debere  esse  principem, 
turn  malum  posse  interfici." 
Incepit  a  secunda  hac  ratione : 

"  Eum  licet  interficere  qui  adldola  ducere  vult.  At  potest  hoc  facere  Princeps, 
ergo  a  privato  interfectione  major."  Probavit  ex  hoc  loco  duct. 

Resp.  "  Est  alios  locos  indicare  judicandi  modum,  viz.  ut  seductor  in  portas 
ducatur,  &c." 

"  Quod  nullus  deberet  esse  Princeps,  ostendit,  ex  eo  quod  ad  Noe,  nemo  legitur, 
vel  Cain,  vel  Lamech,  puniisse  ob  homicidium,  et  quod  juxta  Epiphanium  Barba- 
rismus  erat  ad  Noe,  &c." 

Resp.  "  Etiam  Aristotelem  ostendere  a  primordio  fuisse  Reges." 
Disputavit  breviter  Dr.  Overton  ad  hunc  modum  : 

"  Licet  cuique  privato  Reipub.  consulere,  at  optime  consulitur,  si  interficiatur 
malus  Princeps." 

Resp.  "  Non  consuli  Reipub.  si  privatus  interflciat  principem." 
Adjecit  dictum  Hieronimi  de  feriendo  malo  principe,  quod  Respondens  inter- 
pretatur  de  gladio  Excommunicationis. 

Dr.  Westphaling  hie  paucis  verbis  egit  sic  :  "  Quod  odisse  licet,  licet  et  inter- 
ficere. At  odisse  licet.  Ergo  major,  odium  est  homicidium,  ex  Epist.  Joan,  odium 
cordis,  linguae,  fact,  ex." 

"  Argumentum  fallax,  quod  non  de  eadem  specie  agat." 
Minor.     (i  Licuit  Davidi  odisse."     Resp.  "  Non  vivimus  exemplis." 
Dr.  Peerse  promisit  se  partes  suas  confirmaturum,  a  causa  efficiente  et  finali. 
Orsusque  est  ad  hunc  modum  : 

Cujus  facti  Deus  autor  est,  id  licitum  est. 

Deus  autor  est,  ut  privatus  interflciat  malum  Principem.  Ergo  Minor  Hieron. 
non  est  hominis  via  ejus  Deus  operatur  in  nobis,  &c.  Operatur  omnia  in  omnibus." 


THE    aUEEN's   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1$66.  243 

Resp.  "  Actio  divina  duplex :  cum  efficaciter  operatur.  Cum  permittit,  sic 
aliquo  modo  operatur.  At  quod  Deus  efficaciter  operetur  omnia  constat  ex  Aug. 
de  lib.  arbitr.  ubi  ostendit  Deum  inclinare  ad  bonum  et  malum." 

Resp.  "  Hoc  sit  justo  judicio  propter  corruptam  naturam." 

Epus  Sarum  l.  Determ.  Petita  venia  a  Regia  Maj.  collaudavit  Respondentis 
orationem  ;  turn  ostendit  et  autoritate  verbi  Dei  et  piorum  exemplis,  quantum 
obedientiae  debeatur  Reg.  potestati,  ex  sacra  scrip,  protulit  illud  Ro.  13.  1.  Pet. 
2.  turn  etiam,  Ego  dixi  Dii  estis.  Tractavit  exemplum  Pauli  multis  verbis,  viz. 
quo  modo  se  gessit  erga  Neronem,  quodque  esset  Nero  crudelis  Tyrannus  ;  sub- 
junxit  de  Saule  et  Davide. 

De  secunda  Quaestione  quum  proposita  non  fuit,  dixit  se  nolle  loqui,  nisi  a 
Maj.  Regia  jussus  esset.  Hinc  de  observantia  Academiae  in  Reginam,  deque  lau- 
dibus  Reginae,  multis  est  persecutus. 

Cum  finisset,  acclamatum  ad  universis,  Vivat  Regina.  Nobiles  quidam  Reginam 
suppliciter  rogant,  ut  Academiam  alloqui  dignaretur ;  ilia  diu  reluctatur,  quod  ex 
improviso  subeundum  esset  tam  eruditum  negotium,  et  coram  tarn  curiosis  testibus, 
imo  coram  Legato  Hispaniae,  homine  peregrino,  qui  fortasse  in  alienas  terras  spar- 
geret  quod  tam  temere  fuisset  susceptuni.  Veruntamen  instant  multi,  ac  etiam 
Hisp.  Legatus,  ut  saltern  unico  verbo  dimitteret  Academiam  ;  tandem  evicta  pre- 
cibus  suorum,  ad  dicendum  in  Regale  solium  venit.  Quae  ex  submissa  ejus  voce 
arripere  potui,  haec  erant  8  : 

Oratio  Regiee  Majestatis. 

"  Qui  male  agunt  oderunt  lucem.  Hoc  et  ipsa  tempus  vestra  expectatione 
indignissimum,  aptissimum  meae  ignorantiae  duxi.  Sed  tamen  ne  defectus  videatur 
contemptus,  pauca  dicam.  Haesitatio  in  animo  meo  magna  est,  et  dubiam  facit, 
laudare  debeam  an  vituperare,  loqui  aut  tacere,  omnia  haec  praestare  tempus  non 
sufficit,  Duo  tantum  tacere  in  animo  habeo,  viz.  laudare  ac  vituperare. 

"  Quantum  attinet  ad  laudem,  revera  haud  ita  aut  stupida  sum,  etsi  indocta  aut 
ingrata.  Si  saltern  quae  pereximia  sunt  non  laudem,  aut  quae  praestantissima 
silearn. 

"  Ex  quo  in  hanc  Academiam  veni,  audivi  multa,  probavi  omnia,  quae  vero  sunt 

1  John  Jewell. 

1  The  Queen's  Speech  as  here  given  differs  from  that  in  Wood's  Hist.  &  Ant.  Univ.  Ox.  I.  289, 
but,  as  the  Bishop  acknowledges  he  could  not  hear  her  Majesty,  we  must  make  due  allowance. 


244  THE    GtUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT   OXFORD,  1 566. 

per  se  l cum  cautione  et  exceptione  semper  addita  nee  mea  autoritate 

ut  Regina,  nee  judicio  ut  Christiana  probo. 

"  Et  haec  de  laude.  De  vituperatione  haec  pauca.  Quanquam  multi  Philoso- 
phi  scribant,  rem  difficillimam  esse  cognoscere  seipsum,  tamen  in  hac  causa  fateor 
me  non. 

"  Notum  est  omnibus  et  perspectum,  quod  multisannis  in  linguarum  cognitione 
versabar.  Idcirco  hoc  quamvis  verecunde  tamen  vere  dicam,  quod  tempus  potius 
meum  consumpsi  in  audiendo  ;  paedagogi  mei,  qui  me  docuerunt,  in  tarn  sterilem 
terram  semina  jecerunt,  ut  fructus  producere  vestra  expectatione  dignos  non  pos- 
sum, nee  quales  a  dignitate  mea  requirantur.  Idcirco  maxime  semper  in  meipsa 
vituperavi. 

"  At  cum  expectationi  vestrae  honeste  verbis  meis  satisfacere  non  possum,  cum 
optione  finiam  breviter  :  optio  mea  haec  est ;  ut  me  vivente  florentissimi  sitis,  me 
vero  mortua  beatissimi." 

Haec  ubi  dixisset,  universi  illi  gratias  egerunt.  t 

Postea  Regia  Maj.  in  Aulam  deducitur,  accensis  taedis  cereis,  quod  octava  jam 
hora  sonuerat.  In  hujus  noctis  silentio  in  scena  exhibetur  quomodo  Tereus  Rex 
comedit  filium  necatum  apparatumque  ab  uxore  Progne  obstupratum  sororem 
suam,  omnia  certe  prout  oportebat  summo  apparatu,  cultuque  vere  regio.  Cum 
haec  Tragcedia2  plausum  suum  accepit.     Itum  est  cubitum. 

Dies  7,  viz.  Veneris.  Ad  octavam  in  Ecclesia  R.  Mariae  congregantur  Mri 
Regentes  ac  non  Regentes.  Post  maturam  deliberationem  decernuntur  honores  ; 
viz.  viris  nobilibus  prout  Cancellarius,  Doctoresque  3  aut  4  statuerent.  Deinde 
Cantabrigiensibus  Mrs  3  ibi  praesentibus  conceditur  idem  gradus  ac  locus  quibus 

1  Sic  in  MS.  Q.  per  vosmet  ipsos  excusata,  or  excusatione  digna  reputata. 

*  This  Tragedy  was  written  by  Dr.  Calfhill,  beforementioned,  p.  "230,  n.  3. 

3  "  In  the  beginning  of  September  this  year  Queen  Elizabeth  being  entertained  by  the  Oxonian 
Muses,  these  Cambridge  men  following  were  incorporated  on  the  sixth  day  of  the  same  month : 

Thomas  Bynge,  Master  of  Arts,  and  Fellow  of  Peter  House  in  Cambridge.  He  was  lately  Proctor 
of  that  University,  afterward  Orator  in  the  place  of  William  Master,  Master  of  Clare  Hall,  and  the 
King's  Professor  of  the  Civil  Law  in  the  said  University. 

Thomas  Beacon,  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  in  the  said  University.  He  was  after- 
wards Orator  and  Proctor  thereof ;  was  made  Prebendary  of  Norwich  in  Jan  1574,  and  Chancellor 
thereof  in  the  year  following. 

Ruben  Sherwood,  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  King's  College.  He  was  afterwards  Proctor  of  the  said 
University ;  Schoolmaster  of  Eton ;  Doctor  of  Physic ;  and  a  noted  practitioner  of  that  faculty  for 


THE    GLUEEN'S    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    OXFORD,   1  $66.  245 

apud  suos  fuerant.     Tandem   circa  nonam  quidam  Cantabrigienses  admittuntur 
ad  id  honoris. 

several  years  in  the  City  of  Bath,  where  he  died  1598,  leaving  behind  him  the  character  of  a  good 
scholar  and  an  eloquent  man. 

Thomas  Preston,  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  King's  College.  He  acted  so  admirably  well  in  the  Tragedy 
of  Dido  before  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  she  was  entertained  at  Cambridge,  anno  1564,  and  did  so 
genteelly  and  gracefully  dispute  before,  that  she  gave  him  s£.20  per  arm.  for  so  doing.  He  was 
afterwards  Doctor  of  the  Civil  Law,  and  Master  of  Trinity  Hall  in  that  University. 

Five  more  of  the  said  University  were  then  incorporated  Masters  of  Arts  also,  among  whom 
Edward  Stanhope  was  one. 

On  the  same  day,  Sept.  6,  were  these  Doctors  following  incorporated  : 

Thomas  Wilson,  Doctor  of  the  Laws  beyond  sea,  incorporated  at  Cambridge,  was  now  incorpo- 
rated also  at  Oxon.  He  was  a  Lincolnshire  man  born  ;  elected  Scholar  of  King's  College  in  Cam- 
bridge in  1541,  where  he  afterwards  was  tutor  and  servant  to  Henry  and  Charles  Brandon,  Dukes 
of  Suffolk.  Afterwards  he  was  one  of  the  Ordinary  Masters  of  the  Requests  ;  Master  of  St.  Catha- 
rine's Hospital  near  to  the  Tower  of  London  j  Ambassador  several  times  from  (Queen  Elizabeth  to 
Mary  Queen  of  the  Scots,  into  the  Low  Countries  in  1577  ;  and  in  1579,  Feb.  5,  had  the  Deanery 
of  Durham  conferred  upon  him  by  the  Queen  (void  by  the  death  of  William  Whittyngham),  he 
being  then  Secretary  of  State,  and  Privy  Counsellor  to  her.  While  he  enjoyed  the  Office  of  Secretary, 
he  became  famous  for  three  things  :  1.  For  quick  dispatch  and  industry.  2.  For  constant  diligence. 
And,  3.  For  a  large  and  strong  memory.  He  hath  written,  1.  "  Epistola  de  vita  &  obitu  duorum 
"  fratrum  Suffolciensium  Henrici  &  Caroli  Brandon,  Lohd.  1552."  qu.  It  is  set  before  a  book  of 
verses  made  on  their  deaths  by  several  scholars  of  Oxon  and  Cambridge.  All  which  he  collected 
together,  did  publish  them,  and,  by  an  Epistle  of  his  composition,  dedicated  them  to  Henry  Grey, 
Duke  of  Suffolk.  2.  "  The  Art  of  Rhetoric,"  printed  1553,  60,  67,  &c.  qu.  3.  "  The  Rule  of 
Reason,  containing  the  Art  of  Logic,"  first  printed  in  the  Reign  of  King  Edward  VI.  afterwards 
at  London,  1567,  qu.  4.  "  Discourse  upon  Usury,"  London,  1572,  qu.  much  commended  by  Dr. 
Laurence  Humphrey,  the  Queen's  Public  Professor  of  Divinity  in  Oxon.  He  also  translated  from 
Greek  into  English,  "  The  three  Orations  of  Demosthenes,  chief  Orator  among  the  Grecians  in  the 
"  Olynthians,"  London,  1570  ;  with  other  things  which  I  have  not  yet  seen.  He  gave  way  to  fate 
in  1581,  whereupon  his  funeral  was  celebrated  17  June,  the  same  year,  in  St.  Catherine's  Church  in 
East  Smithfield,  near  to  the  Tower  of  London.  The  male  issue  which  he  left  behind  him,  begotten 
on  the  body  of  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Winter,  Knight,  settled  at  Sheepwash,  in  Lincoln- 
shire where  the  name  did  lately,  if  not  still,  remain.  Dr.  Tobie  Mathew  did  not  succeed  him  in  the 
Deanery  of  Durham  till  August  1583. 

Robert  Furth,  or  Ford,  LL.  D.  of  the  said  University  of  Cambridge.     Of  whom  I  know  no  more. 

Robert  Huicke,  M.  A.  of  this  University,  and  sometime  Fellow  of  Merton  College,  afterwards 
Doctor  of  Physic  of  Cambridge,  and  Fellow  of  the  College  of  Physicians  at  London,  and  Physician 
to  the  Queen,  was  then,  Sept.  6,  incorporated  Doctor  of  Physic  in  the  house  of  Bartholomew  Lant, 
by  the  Commissary  and  two  Proctors. 

John  Robinson,  Doctor  of  Divinity,  of  Cambridge,  sometime  a  Member  of  Pembroke  Hall  there, 


246  THE  aUEEN's  ENTERTAINMENT  AT  OXFORD,  1^66. 

Nondum  haec  sunt  isto  modo  peracta,  cum  ecce  pulsatur  campana,  in  Ecclesia 
Christi  pro  Concione  ad  Clerum.  Regia  Maj'  non  venit.  Cancellarius  aliique 
viri  nobilitate  praestantes  accesserunt:  quibus  consedentibus,  Dr.  Peerse,  Comitis 
Leicester  Capellanus  et  Praebend'  Ecclesiae  Cath.  Cestriae,  ad  praedicandum  para- 
tus,  orditur  illo  Prophetae  dicto;  Et  erunt  Reges  nutricii  tui  et  Regince 
nutrices  tuce.     [Sequitur  concionis  brevis  epitome  hie  omissa.j 

Circa  quartam  a  meridie  erant  omnes  Doctores,  Mri,  ac  Bachalaurei  sparsi  per 
plateas,  expectantes  Reginae  discessum,  viaeque  omnes  rusticorum  villicorumque 
multitudine  resertae  erant.  Etiam  Collegiorum  Praepositi,  una  cum  Commissario, 
equos  paratos  habebant,  ut  Reginam  in  fines  suos  deducerent,  quod  observantiae 
genus  praestiterunt,  suis  quoque  togis,  insignibusque  scholaribus  ornati. 

Mox  ubi  Regina  ad  conscendendum  equum  auratis  phaleris  insignem  videbatur 
apparata,  praesto  erat  ad  fores  Mr.  Mathew1,  Collegii  ejusdem  socius,  qui  oratione 
perpolita  ac  numerosa  ilia  quidem,  totius  Academiae  nomine,  gratias  illi  ageret, 

now  President  of  St.  John's  College,  in  this  University,  was  also  then  incorporated.  In  1574,  May 
31,  he  was  installed  Archdeacon  of  Bedford,  in  the  place,  as  it  seems,  of  William  Rodde,  and  about 
1576  he  succeeded  John  Aylmer,  or  Elmer,  in  the  Archdeaconry  of  Lincoln  ;  of  which  he  was  about 
that  time  made  Chaunter. 

October  11,  Nicholas  Bullyngham,  LL.  D.  of  Cambridge,  and  now  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  was  then 
incorporated  LL.  D. 

16.  Edward  Eglionbie,  M.  A.  and  Fellow  of  King's  College,  in  Cambridge.  He  was  now  esteemed 
a  good  Grecian  and  Latin  poet,  was  afterwards  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  Warwickshire.  And  draw- 
ing the  pedigree  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  dedicated  it  to  her,  for  which  she  gave  him  §g.5  per  mm.  out 
of  her  lands  for  ever. 

26.  John  Porie,  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  Master  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  in  Cambridge.  One 
John  Pory,  sometimes  of  Gonevill  and  Caius  College,  in  Cambridge,  did  translate  and  collect,  "  A 
Geographical  History  of  Africa,  written  in  Arabic  and  Italian  by  John  Leo  a  More,  born  in  Grenada, 
and  brought  up  in  Barbary.  London,  1600."  fol.  What  relation  there  was  between  this  John  Pory 
and  the  other  who  was  Doctor  of  Divinity,  I  know  not ;  nor  whether  he  be  the  same  John  Pory,  M.  A. 
who  was  installed  Canon  of  the  Seventh  Stall  in  the  Church  of  Westminster,  on  the  resignation  of 
John  Hyll,  anno  1568. 

March  22.  George  Ackworth,  LL.  D.  and  sometime  Orator  of  Cambridge,  was  incorporated  in  that 
degree.  He  hath  published,  1.  "  Oratioin  restitutione  Buceri  &  Fagii."  Printed  1562,  8vo.  2."  Pro- 
legomenon, lib.  2.  de[visibili  Monarchia  contra  Nich.  Sanderi  Monarchiam."  London,  1573.  4to. 
Mh.  Ox.  I.  98. 

1  Tobie  Mathew,  admitted  Probationary  first  of  University  College  1 559  ;  soon  afterwards  Student 
of  Christ  Church;  A.  B.  1563;  A.  M.  1566;  elected  Public  Orator  1569;  Canon  of  Christ  Church 
1570;  and  Dean  1576;  Vice-chancellor  1579;  Chaunter  of  Sarum,  and  Dean  of  Durham  1583; 
Bishop  of  Durham  1575  ;  Archbishop  of  York  1606  ;  died  1628.     Ath.  Ox.  I.  730. 


THE    GLUEEN'S   ENTERTAINMENT   AT   OXFORD,  1$66.  247 

utque  benigne  conservaret  Collegium,  quod  Pater  itichoavit,  Frater  ornavit,  Soror 
auxit,  rogaret. 

Hujus  approbavit  studium,  laudavitque  orationem ;  sicque  summo  splendore, 
pompa  certe  suspicienda,  votisque  omnium  resonantibus,  per  Orientalem  Portam, 
versus  Ricotwn  iter  arripuit,  quod  illi  faustum  fcelixque  sit  Deum  Opt.  Maximum- 
que  suppliciter  oramus. 

An  entry  occurs  in  this  year,  in  the  Churchwardens'  Accompts  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's, Westminster,  of  the  bells  ringing,  "  when  the  Queen  came  from  St. 
James's  to  Hendon  upon  Thames1." 


The  following  Letters  and  Orders  seem  to  have  taken  rise  from  the  Queen's 
Visit  to  the  University  in  the  preceding  Summer2. 

1.  Archbishop  Parker's  Letter  to  All  Souls  College,  commanding  them  to 
deface  their  Plate  remaining  in  superstitious  fashion. 
Whereas,  having  information  of  certain  Plate  reserved  in  your  College,  whereat 
divers  men  justly  be  offended  to  remain  in  such  superstitious  fashion  as  it  is  of,  I 
moved  you,  Mr.  Warden,  to  declare  to  the  company  of  that  fellowship,  for  avoid- 
ing all  suspicion  of  superstition,  that  the  said  plate  should  be  defaced,  put  into 
some  masse  for  your  howse  whereof  it  mey  have  need  hereafter,  and  so  safely  to 
be  conserved  in  your  treasury ;  for  that  I  have  not  heard  what  you  have  done,  by 
these  my  letters  I  do  require  you  to  make  a  perfect  inventory  containing  the  form 
and  fashion  of  the  said  plate,  and  also  the  number  and  fashion  of  their  vestments 
and  tunicles  which  serve  not  to  use  at  these  days ;  and  if  any  of  their  company 
peremptorily  deny  to  do  as  is  reasonably  requested,  then  you  to  send  up  their 
names  and  reasons  whereon  they  stand,  and  that  the  said  persons  two  or  three  of 
them,  if  there  be  so  many,  to  come  up  with  the  said  causes  and  reasons  to  know 
further  discretion  in  the  same  matter ;  and  thus  I  rsquire  you  to  do  without  fur- 
thur  molestation  which  else  may  ensue.  And  so  I  bid  you  farewell.  From  my 
house  at  Lambeth,  this  5th  of  March,  1566*.      Your  Friend,     Matthew  Cant'. 

1  There  is  some  error  in  this  entry,  which  it  is  not  easy  to  unravel.  If  (as  is  probable)  Hendon  in 
Middlesex  is  intended,  '  upon  Thames'  is  an  accidental  expletive.  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  son  of 
William*  Herbert  (afterwards  Earl  of  Pembroke),  was  the  owner  of  Hendon  House. — Or  could 
"  Henley  upon  Thames'  be  intended,  which  was  in  the  Queen's  route  to  Oxford,  but  a  long  stage 
from  St  James's. 

8  From  Gutch's  "  Collectanea  Curiosa,"  vol.  II.  p.  274,  &  seqq. 


248  SUPERSTITIOUS  BOOKS  IN  ALL  SOULS  COLLEGE,  I567. 

2.  Letter  from  Queen  Elizabeth's  High  Commissioners  concerning  the  super- 
stitious Books  belonging  to  the  College. 

After  our  heartie  commendations:  Whereas  understanding  is  given  that  you  do 
retain  yet  in  your  College  diverse  monuments  of  superstition,  which  by  public 
orders  and  laws  of  this  realm  out  to  be  abolished  as  derogatory  to  the  state  of 
religion  publicly  received,  part  whereof  be,  in  this  schedule  inserted,  expressed  : 
this  is  therefore  to  will  you  in  the  Queen's  Majesty's  name  to  command  you  im- 
mediately upon  the  next  repaire  of  any  common  carriage  or  otherwise  at  your 
own  advise  that  you  send  up  hither  unto  us  at  Lambeth,  wholly  and  entirely, 
every  thing  and  things  in  this  present  schedule  annex'd,  to  be  presented  to  the 
Queen's  Majesty's  Commissioners,  whereby  we  may  take  such  order  and  direction 
therein  as  shall  appertain  to  your  honour,  to  the  fulfilling  of  the  Queen's  laws 
and  orders,  and  to  our  discharge  and  yours ;  Wyllinge  that  you,  Mr.  Warden, 
within  ten  days  after  the  receipt  of  these  letters,  do  repair  up  with  some  copy  of 
your  statutes,  and  bring  with  you  Mr.  Humph.  Brokesby,  and  also  Mr.  Foster, 
to  the  intent  we  may  have  their  reasons,  for  better  information,  and  for  satisfying 
of  their  consciences  if  it  may  be :  Willing  you  all  and  every  one  of  you  not  to 
fail  hereof  as  you  will  answer  to  the  contrary  at  your  perill ;  and  thus  we  bid  you 
well  to  fare.     At  Lambeth,  26  Mar.  1567.  Your  loving  friends, 

Matthew  Cant'.    Edmund  London.     F.  Knollis.  A.  Cave. 

Schedule.]     Three  Mass-books,  old  and  new,  and  2  Portmisses, 
Item,  8  Grailes,  7  Antiphoners,  of  parchment  and  bound. 

10  Processionals,  old  and  new. 

— 2  Symnals. 

an  old  Manual  of  paper. 

an  Invitatorie  Book. 

2  Psalters  in ,  and  covered  with  a  skin. 

— —  A  great  Prick-song  book  of  parchment. 

One  other  Prick-song  book  of  vellum,  covered  with  a  hart's  skyn. 

5  other  of  paper,  bound  in  parchmeut. 

— —  The  Founder's  Mass-book  in  parchment,  bound  in  board. 

In  Mr.  Mill  his  hand,  an  Antiphoner,  and  a  Legend. 

—  A  Portmisse  in  his  hand,  in  two  volumes ;  a  Manual,  a  Mass-book,  and  a 

Processional. 


THE  PLATE  AT  ALL  SOULS  COLLEGE  DEFACED.  249 

3.  Another  Letter  from  the  Queen's  Commissioners. 
After  our  hearty  commendations :  for  divers  weighty  causes  us  specially  movyng, 
we  do  will  and  command  you,  in  the  Queen's  Majesty's  name,  all  excuses  and 
delays  set  apart,  that  immediately  upon  receipt  of  these  presents  you  will  and 
command,  by  authority  hereof,  in  the  Queen's  Majesty's  name,  J.  Mallocke, 
R.  Braye,  Bachelor  of  Law,  Rob.  Franklin  and  Step.  Brill,  Fellows  of  your 
House,  that  they  and  every  of  them  do  forthwith,  upon  such  monition  given,  per- 
sonally appear  before  us,  or  other  our  colleagues,  her  Highness's  Commissioners 
appointed  for  causes  ecclesiastical  at  Lambeth,  to  answer  unto  such  matter  as 
shall  there  be  brought  against  them  and  every  of  them  :  and  that  after  their 
appearances  there  to  be  made  they  do  from  time  to  time  attend,  and  not  depart 
without  our  special  license;  and  hereof  we  require  you  not  to  fail.  Given  at 
Lambeth,  1Q  April  1567.     Your  friends, 

Matthew  Cant'.  Edm.  London.  Tho.  Yale. 

4.  Order  of  the  Queen's  High  Commissioners  for  defacing  the  Church  Plate. 

(From  the  Register.) 

April  23,  1567-  Coram  reverendissimo  Patre  Matthaeo  Cantuariensi  Archi- 
episcopo,  ac  Magistro  Waltero  Haddon,  Thoma  Yale,  et  Willelmo  Danvers,  LL.  D. 
Commissariis  Regiis,  quibus  die  et  loco  comparentibus  Ricardo  Barber,  LL.  D. 
Johanne  Mallocke,  Ric.  Bray,  Jur.  Bac.  R.  Foster.  A.  M.  et  R.  Skrimsham  in 
jure  Studen.  injunctum  est  per  dictos  Commissarios  modo  et  forma,  sequente,  viz. 

That  upon  their  returning  home  unto  All  Souls  College  the  said  Richard 
Barber  there  shall  call  the  whole  Fellowship  then  present  within  the  College 
together,  and  upon  the  common  consent  of  all  or  the  greater  part  of  the  said 
Fellowship  so  gathered  shall  cause  to  be  defaced  and  broken  such  Church  plate 
as  is  in  their  College  or  custody  appertaining  to  the  use  of  the  Church  or  Chapel, 
except  six  silver  basons  with  their  ewers  or  crewetes,  one  tabernacle  gilt,  with  two 
leaves  set  with  stones  and  perles,  two  silver  belles,  a  silver  rodd,  and  three 
Processionals. 

Item,  that  they  send  up  to  the  said  Commissioners  their  two  books  of  the 
Epistles  and  Gospels,  reserving  unto  themselves  the  images  of  silver  of  the  same 
defaced  in  manner  aforesaid. 

Item,  it  is  injoined  to  the  said  Warden  and  the  said  Fellows  present  to  certify, 
or  cause  to  be  certified,  to  the  said  Commissioners  of  the  effectual  execution  of 

vol.  1.  2  k 


250  THE    ftUEEN    AT    RYCOT    AND    AT    COBHAM,   1  $66. 

the  premisses  within  ten  days  next  following ;  and  the  said  Warden  to  charge  all 
Fellows  being  discontented  with  this  order  to  appear  before  the  said  Commissioners 
within  ten  days  next  following,  and  from  time  to  time  to  cause  every  of  the  said 
Fellowship  or  College  misreporting  or  gainsaying  this  order  to  appear  before  the 
said  Commissioners  within  ten  days  after  such  gainsaying. 

Concordat  cum  Registro,  W.  Bedell  ; 
Registrarius,  R.  Hudson. 



September  6*,  156*6,  after  taking  leave  of  the  University,  the  Queen's  Highness 
rode  to  Rycot,  to  Maister  Norrice's  l  house,  an  eight  miles  from  Oxford. 


Dr.  Nicholas  Heath,  the  deprived  Archbishop  of  York,  who  had  also  been 
Lord  Chancellor,  was  visited  in  1566  by  the  Queen  at  Cobham  in  Surrey,  where 
she  was  in  the  habit  of  visiting  him  to  the  end  of  his  life2. 

1  A  Chapelry  in  the  Parish  of  Havvley.  — "  Master  Norrice"  was  frequently  visited  by  Queen 
Elizabeth ;  and  honourable  mention  of  him  and  of  his  Family  is  made  in  Fuller's  "  Worthies/'  as  will 
be  shewn  under  the  year  1597- 

*  Nicholas  Heath,  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge  ;  Archdeacon  of  Stafford  1539  ;  Bishop  of 
Rochester  1539  j  translated  to  Worcester  1543.  Being  a  rigid  Catholic,  he  was  deprived  by  King 
Edward  VI.  in  1551 ;  but  was  restored  by  Queen  Mary  in  1553.  He  was  some  time  Lord  President 
of  the  Council  in  the  Marches  of  Wales  ;  and  carried  the  message  to  John  Dudley,  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, informing  him  of  his  sentence,  and  was  one  of  the  five  Catholic  Bishops  substituted  in  the 
room  of  the  five  Reformed  who  had  been  ejected.  In  1555  he  was  made  Archbishop  of  York  and 
Lord  Chancellor  j  but  was  again  deprived  in  1560,  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  who  continued,  however,  to 
shew  him  many  marks  of  personal  esteem  by  frequently  visiting  him  in  his  retirement  at  Cobham, 
where  he  died,  and  was  buried,  in  1579.     See  before,  p.  28. 

Camden  notices  the  Queen's  Visit  to  the  deprived  Primate  at  his  '"  manor  of  Cobham  ;"  which  a 
short  extract  from  Manning  and  Bray's  "  History  of  Surrey,"  may  in  some  degree  illustrate.  The 
manor  of  Cobham,  which  after  the  Dissolution  of  the  Monasteries  became  the  property  of  the  Crown, 
was  granted  by  Queen  Mary  to  George  Bygley,  Clerk,  and  Anne  his  wife  ;  but  previously  to  this  grant 
King  Henry  VIII.  having  determined  to  erect  Hampton  Court  into  an  Honour,  and  to  make  a  chase 
round  it,  procured  several  persons  to  sell  him  estates,  and  amongst  the  rest  Stephen  Gardiner,  Bishop 
of  Winchester,  who  by  deed,  dated  16th  April,  29  Henry  VIII.  1538,  conveyed  to  the  King  and  his 
heirs,  his  manor  of  Asher,  in  Asher,  Ditton,  Cobham,  Kingston,  and  Walton.  On  the  accession  of 
Queen  Mary  Bishop  Gardiner  prevailed  upon  her  to  restore  it  to  the  See,  and  in  her  first  year  she 
granted  to  him  and  his  successors,  in  pure  alms,  the  lordship  and  manor  of  Esheere,  and  the  park  of 
Asheere,  part  of  the  Honour  of  Hampton  Court,  the  Rabbit-warren,  about  185  acres  of  land,  and  the 
land  called  Northward  in  Cobham. 


REVELS   AT    LINCOLN's-INN,   1$66.  251 

On  All-hallown-day,  1 566,  it  was  ordered  "  That  the  musicians  at  the  ancient  and 
solemn  Revels ]"  (for  so  they  were  then  called)  "  should  have  their  stipend  increased, 
for  their  service  on  the  two  principal  Feasts  ;  All-hallown-tide  and  Candlemass:  that 
is  to  say,  where  they  were  wont  to  have,  for  their  service  done,  for  AU-hallown-even, 
All-hallown-day  at  noon,  and  All-hallown-day  at  night,  $s.  4d.  that  thenceforth 
they  should  have  for  their  said  service  at  that  time  6s.  8d;  and  the  like  sum  at 
Candlemass,  having  had  but  35.  Ad.  before."  Nor  were  these  exercises  of  dancing 
merely  permitted  ;  but  thought  very  necessary  (as  it  seems)  and  much  conducing 
to  the  making  of  gentlemen  more  fit  for  their  books  at  other  times  ;  for,  by  an 
order  made  6"  Febr.  7  Jac.  it  appears,  that  the  Under-barristers  were,  by  decima- 

1  Under  the   head  of  "  Public  Expences  on  Great  Solemnities  at  Lincoln's-Inn,"  Sir  William 
Dugdale  says,  "  The  first  of  these  whereof  the  Registers  of  this  House  do  take  any  notice,  was  in 
7  Edward  IV.  at  the  Justs  then  held  in  Smithfield,  betwixt  Wydevile  Lord  Scales  and  the  bastard  son 
of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  upon  a  mandate  received  from  the  King,  by  the  four  Innes  of  Court ;  that 
each  of  them  should  furnish  out  four  armed  men  for  the  said  King's  guard  :  which  was  accordingly 
done ;  scaffolds  being  set  up  to  see  the  Justs  3  and  the  charges  of  all  born  by  a  rate.     The  next  was 
the  Coronation  of  King  Henry  VIII.  for  the  honour  whereof  they  spent  one  hogshead  of  claret 
wine,  price  20s.  and  laid  out  five  pounds  in  making  of  scaffolds  at  Westminster,  to  stand  on  for  view 
of  the  Justs  and  Tiltings,  which  were  then  exercised.    The  third  upon  a  Mask  in  11  Jac.  presented  by 
this  Society  before  the  King,  at  the  marriage  of  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  his  daughter,  to  the  Prince 
Elector  Palatine  of  the  Rhene.-  which  cost  no  less  than  a£\1536.  8s.  lid.     Shortly  after  which,  viz. 
in  14  Jac.  at  the  creation  of  the  most  illustrious  Charles  Prince  of  Wales,  they  agreed  upon  a  taxation 
of  40s.  apiece  from  every  Bencher  and  Associate  ;  every  Barister  and  above  30s.  5  every  Barister  under 
seaven  years  20s.;  and  every  Gentleman  13s.  Ad. ;  for  defraying  the  charge  of  the  performances  at  the 
Barriers,  in  honour  of  that  great  solemnity.     And  it  is  no  less  observable,  that  the  motion  for  that 
famous  Mask,  which  was  presented  to  the  King  at  Christmas,  9  Caroli  I.  first  proceded  from  this 
House  unto  the  other  three  Innes  of  Court ;   the  total  charge  whereof  to  them  all,  amounted  to 
^.2400,  towards  the  supporting  whereof  it  was  ordered  in  this  Society,  that  every  Bencher  should  pay 
£.6,  every  Utter  Barister  of  seven  years  standing  or  above  sB.S,  and  under  seven  years  standing  40s. 
and  every  Gentleman  20s.     Which  Mask  became  so  well  accepted  from  his  Majesty,  that,  besides  his 
thanks  to  them,  he  invited  an  hundred  and  twenty  Gentlemen  of  the  four  Inns  of  Court  unto  that 
Mask  at  Whitehall,  which  was  on  Shrove-Tuesday  following.     And  that  nothing  might  be  wanting 
for  their  encouragement  in  this  excellent  study,  they  have  very  antiently  had  dancings  for  their  recrea- 
tion and  delight,  commonly  called  Revels,  allowed  at  certain  seasons  ;  and  that  by  special  order  of  the 
Society,  as  appeareth  in  9  Hen.  VI.  viz.  that  there  should  be  four  Revells  that  year,  and  no  more  :  one 
at  the  Feast  of  All-hallown,  another  at  the  Feast  of  St.  Erkenwald,  the  third  at  the  Feast  of  the 
Purification  of  our  Lady,  and  the  fourth  on   Midsummer-day  ;   one  person   yearly  elected  of  the 
Society,  being  made  choice  of  for  Director  in  those  pastimes,  called  the  Master  of  the  Revells  :  which 
sports  were  long  before  that  time  used. 


252  THE    €IUEEN    IN    SURREY,  BERKS,  AND    KENT,   156*7. 

tion,  put  out  of  Commons,  for  example's  sake,  because  the  whole  bar  offended  by 
not  dancing  on  Candlemas-day  preceding,  according  to  the  antient  order  of  this 
Society,  when  the  Judges  were  present :  with  this,  that  if  the  like  fault  were 
committed  afterwards,  they  should  be  fined  or  disbarred  h 

The  Progresses  of  1 567  and  the  three  following  years  are  scarcely  noticed,  except 
in  the  entries  preserved  in  the  Diary  of  Lord  Burghley. 

1567. 
Aug    .  .  The  Queen's  Majesty  at  Windsor3. 
18.  At  Oatlands3. 
21.  At  Guildford4. 
25.  At  Farnham5. 
Sept.  9.  At  Windsor. 

1568. 
July  4.  The  Queen's  Majesty  at  Grenwych  6. 

1  "  Touching  the  great  state  and  magnificence  used  herein,  having  already  spoke  in  my  discourse 
of  the  Inner  Temple,  where  I  have  fully  described  the  splendid  shews,  notable  pastimes,  and  costly 
feastings,  antiently  used  at  Christmass  time  in  that  Society,  I  shall  here  onely  in  brief  observe,  that 
the  first  order,  wherewith  I  have  met,  which  maketh  any  mention  of  these  solemnities  in  this  House 
was  in  9  Henry  VIII.  it  being  then  agreed  and  ordained  :  "  That  he  who  should,  after  that  time,  be 
chosen  King  on  Christmas-day,  ought  then  to  occupy  the  said  room,  if  he  were  present ;  and  in  his 
absence  the  Marshal  for  the  time  being,  by  the  advice  of  the  Utter  Barristers  present,  to  name  another. 
And  for  learning  of  young  gentlemen  to  do  service,  that  the  Marshal  should  sit  as  King  on  New 
Year's-day,  and  have  like  service  as  on  Christmas-day :  and  the  Master  of  the  Revels,  during  dinner- 
time, supply  the  Marshall's  room.  Moreover,  that  the  King  of  Cockneys,  on  Childermas -day,  should 
sit  and  have  due  service ;  and  that  he  and  all  his  officers  should  use  all  honest  manner  and  good  order, 
without  any  waste  or  destruction  making,  in  wine,  brawn,  chely,  or  other  vitails :  as  also,  that  he  and 
his  Marshal,  Butler,  and  Constable  Marshal,  should  have  their  lawful  and  honest  commandments  by 
delivery  of  the  officers  of  Christmas :  and  that  the  said  King  of  Cockneys,  ne  none  of  his  officers, 
medyl  neither  in  the  Buttery,  nor  in  the  Stuard  of  Christmas  his  office,  upon  pain  of  40s.  for  every 
such  medling.  And  lastly,  that  Jack  Straw,  and  all  his  adherents,  should  be  thenceforth  utterly 
banished,  and  no  more  to  be  used  in  this  House,  upon  pain  to  forfeit,  for  every  time,  five  pounds, 
to  be  levied  on  every  Fellow  hapning  to  offend  against  this  rule." — But  these  Grand  Christmasses  were 
not,  it  seems,  constantly  kept ;  for  thus  I  find  in  an  order  entred  in  their  Register,  made  27  Nov. 
22  Henry  VIII.  "  It  is  agreed,  that  if  the  two  Temples  do  kepe  Chrystemas,  then  Chrystemas  to  be 
kept  here :  and  to  know  this,  the  Steward  of  the  House  ys  commanded  to  get  knowledg,  and  to 
advertise  my  Masters  by  the  next  day  at  night." 

2  See  before,  p.  142.  3  See  p.  86.  *  See  p.  257. 
5  See  p.  257.                                                              8  See  before,  p.  69. 


LA    SOB  TIE    BE    LA  BEYNE     A  COMFAIGNE      I>V  BOY  BE  LA 
GBAJTDE    BBETAIGNE     SOU        BEAV    FILS     DV      CHATEAVVZ 

GTDDE     HALLE. 


THE    QUEEN'S    PROGRESS    IN    ESSEX,  1568.  253 

July  6.  At  Howard  Place  1  in  London. 

14,  15-  At  Havering2. 

la.  At  Copt  Hall  3. 
In  this  Progress  the  Queen  also  visited  Giddy  Hall  4. 

1  See  before,  pp.  31,  92. 

2  See  before,  p.  93  ;  and  again  under  the  years  1572,  and  1578.  In  the  "  Diary  of  Samuel  Fox," 
preserved  in  Strype's  Annals,  vol.  111.  Append,  p.  24,  the  following  entries  occur : 

"  Anno  1591.  The  keeping  of  Havering  House  [called  Havering  at  the  Bowre,  a  House  of  the 
Kings  of  England]  was  given  me  by  my  Master  [Sir  Thomas  Heneage]. 

"  An.  1591.  14  Febr.  upon  Shrove  Sunday,  about  two  of  the  clock  in  the  morning  was  born  Tho. . 
Fox  [his  eldest  son,  afterwards  Dr.  Fox,  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  London],  at  Havering  in  the 
Bower,  in  the  King's  House.    His  godfathers  Sir  Tho.  Heneage,  and  Sir  John  Leveson.    His  godmother, 
my  Lady  Finche." 

3  Copt  Hall,  originally  part  of  the  demesnes  of  Waltham  Abbey,  was  annexed  by  Queen  Mary  to 
the  Duchy  of  Lancaster.  In  1564  it  was  granted  by  (Queen  Elizabeth  to  Sir  Thomas  Heneage,  who 
built  on  the  old  site  a  noble  large  house,  at  that  time  the  noblest  in  Essex,  with  a  court  in  the  middle. 
It  had  a  noble  gallery,  56  yards  long,  which  was  blown  down  in  November  1639,  by  a  violent  hurricane ; 
and  in  it  was  a  Chapel,  in  which  was  placed  the  fine  painted  glass,  sold  afterwards  by  Mr.  Conyers  to 
the  parishoners  of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster,  as  noticed  in  p.  95.  Sir  Thomas  Heneage,  who  was 
honoured  by  the  Queen's  Visit  in  1568,  was  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  the  County  of  Lincoln,  in  the 
Parliament  held  at  Westminster  in  the  8th  of  the  Queen ;  was  also  Captain  of  her  Guards,  Treasurer 
of  her  Chamber,  Vice-chamberlain  of  her  Household,  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  one 
of  her  Privy  Council.  He  was  owner  also  of  the  manor  of  Brightlingsea  in  Essex.  Elizabeth,  his 
only  daughter  and  heir,  was  married  to  Sir  Moyle  Finch,  Knt.  and  in  1628  was  created  by  King 
Charles  I.  Countess  of  Winchelsea.  By  this  Lady  Copt  Hall  was  sold  to  Lionel  Cranford,  Earl  of 
Middlesex ;  or,  as  some  authors  have  stated  it,  was  presented  him  as  a  reward  for  her  Peerage. 

4  Gidea,  or  Giddy  Hall,  was  begun  by  Sir  Thomas  Cooke,  who  was  knighted  by  Edward  IV.  at  the 
Coronation  of  his  Queen.  He  obtained  of  that  King  licence  to  make  here  a  Park  and  Castle ;  but 
being  severely  fined,  and  his  house  plundered  on  a  charge  of  treason,  for  refusing  to  lend  money  for 
the  use  of  the  House  of  Lancaster,  he  left  it  unfinished  at  his  death,  1478.  Anthony  his  grandson, 
one  of  the  preceptors  of  Edward  VI.  and  an  exile  during  Mary's  Reign,  finished  it  in  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth,  whom  he  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  at  it,  in  her  Progress  1568.  Upon  the  stone 
front,  under  the  centre  window,  was  inscribed  Hw  ©£«  ;  and  under  these  two  words  this  distich  : 

jEdibus  his  frontem  proavus  Thomas  dedit  olim  ; 
Addidit  Antoni  caetera  sera  manus. 
Under,  this : 

Sedes  quisque  suas,  domini  sed  mrenia  pauci 
iEdilicant  j  levior  cura  minora  decet. 
Lower  down  :  1568. 

Quod  mihi  dura,  tuo  ductu,  fortuna  recessit, 
Te,  Regina,  domus,  rura,  nemusque  canent. 


254  THE    aUEEN's    PROGRESS    IN    MIDDLESEX,    HERTS,    BUCKS,  &C.  I568. 

July  25.  At  Enfield1. 

30.  At  Hatfield2. 
August  .  .  At  St.  Alban's  3. 
At  Whaddon4. 
At  Eston  5. 

The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  Grafton6,  in  progress. 
At  Bysseter7. 
At  Rycot 8. 
At  Newbury9. 
At  Reading10. 

On  the  left  side  of  the  window  Beth  Jehovah,  and  some  other  Hebrew  words.  On  the  left  hand, 
under  the  window,  some  more  effaced  ;  and  under  them,  1568.  Anthony  died  1576,  aged  76,  and 
has  a  stately  monument  in  Romford  Chapel.  This  House  passed  by  the  eldest  daughter  of  his  great 
grandson  to  the  Sydenhams,  and  from  them  to  different  owners,  among  whom  were  Sir  John  Eyles, 
Baronet,  who  re-built  it  j  and  his  son  sold  it,  1745,  to  Governor  Benyon,]  whose  son  afterwards 
possessed  it.  (Morant's  Essex,  II.  pp.  65,  67.)  Mary  de  Medicis  was  lodged  here  one  night  after  her 
landing  1637,  at  which  time  it  belonged  to  a  widow  Lady;  probably  Martha  Cooke,  mother  of 
Mrs.  Sydenham.  In  La  Serres'  account  of  that  Queen's  arrival  in  England  is  a  good  view  of  Giddy 
Hall ;  and  also  one  of  Moulsham  Hall,  the  antient  seat  of  the  Mildmays,  which  was  not  honoured 
with  Elizabeth's  presence. 

1  See  before  p.  101.  *  See  p.  19. 

3  What  accommodation  there  was  for  her  Majesty  in  the  Town  of  St.  Alban's  does  not  appear. 
There  might  be  a  mansion-house  on  Butterwick  manor,  in  St.  Peter's  parish,  belonging  to  Sir  Richard 
Cox,  Master  of  her  Household ;  or  she  might  lodge  at  Sopewell  Nunnery,  then  the  seat  of  Richard 
Sadleir,  grandson  of  Sir  Richard  Sadleir,  of  Standon.  See  Chauncy,  460,  461.  The  Queen  visited 
this  antient  Borough  again  1573  and  1577.     See  under  Gorhambury  in  the  last  of  these  years. 

*  At  that  time  the  seat  of  Arthur  Lord  Grey  of  Wilton,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  and  suppressor  of 
Desmond's  rebellion;  he  died  1593,  and  his  heir  forfeited  it  to  James  I.  (Mag.  Brit.  I.  210). Per- 
haps it  was  in  this  Progress  that  her  Majesty  visited  the  County  Town.  Mr.  Willis,  in  his  History  of 
Buckingham,  p.  53,  says,  "  Queen  Elizabeth  is  reported  to  have  lodged  at  this  Town." 

5  Easton  Neston,  in  Northamptonshire,  the  magnificent  seat  of  Earl  Pomfret,  the  friend  of  Sir 
Philip  Sidney,  and  knighted  by  Leicester  1556  for  his  services  in  the  Netherlands.  He  had  also  the 
honour  of  receiving  James  I.  and  his  Queen  1603,  the  first  time  they  met  in  England,  and  died  1612. 

6  Grafton  Regis  in  Northamptonshire.  Thomas  Gray,  Marquis  of  Dorset,  eldest  son  of  Edward  IV's 
Queen,  by  her  first  husband,  gave  this  manor  to  the  Crown  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  VI.  and  it  con- 
tinued there  till  that  of  Charles  I.     Bridges,  vol.  I.  p.  300. 

7  See  under  the  year  1572.  8  See  before  p.  250. 

9  Q.  if  at  the  house  of  Henry  Winchcombe,  heir  of  the  great  clothier  John  Winchcomhe,  com- 
monly called  Jack  of  Newberry  ? 

10  This  Visit  was  frequently  repeated.     See  hereafter,  under  1575. 


CHARGES  AGAINST  DR.  LESLEY,  BP.  OF  ROSS,  I569.  255 

1569. 

On  the  ath  of  April  Sir  William  Cecil  writes  thus  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury : 

"  I  pceave  her  Matie  would  be  well  content  that  the  Bishopp  of  Ross  l  wer  out 
of  that  contrey  ;  and  for  the  present  she  hath  commanded  me  to  write  to  yr  L. 

1  John  Lesley,  who  was  sent  to  the  Queen  Mary  in  France  from  her  Catholic  subjects,  1560,  gave 
her  advice  of  too  violent  a  nature  to  be  then  followed  ;  and,  after  he  was  Bishop  of  Ross,  he  con- 
tributed not  a  little,  by  his  intrigues  and  violence,  to  bring  on  the  tempest  which  at  last  broke  on 
the  head  of  his  Royal  Mistress  (Rapin,  VIII.  283).  He  joined  with  Bothwell  to  destroy  the  Regent 
Murray  (329)  ;  and  he  endeavoured  to  prevent  the  City  of  Edinburgh  from  declaring  for  the  con- 
federates, who  had  raised  troops  and  formed  a  design  to  punish  the  King's  murderers,  and  dissolve  the 
Queen's  marriage  (359,  360).  When,  after  the  battle  of  Pinkie,  1568,  Mary  retired  into  England, 
and  Elizabeth  took  part  with  the  Malcontents,  and  the  discussion  of  affairs  was  referred  to  a 
meeting  at  York,  the  Bishop  of  Ross  was  named  one  of  the  Commissioners  on  the  part  of  Mary  (386). 
Here  the  proposal  of  marrying  her  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  was  first  suggested ;  and  the  Bishop,  who 
was  very  attentive  to  her  interests,  first  informed  her -of  it,  1569  (404).  She  was  now  a  prisoner 
to  Elizabeth,  who,  when  the  Bishop  sued  to  her  for  the  enlargement  of  his  mistress,  in  great 
disgust  told  him,  that  she  had  better  rest  satisfied,  unless  she  had  a  mind  to  see  those  on  whom  she 
trusted  shorter  by  the  head  (407).  Elizabeth,  having  discovered  the  design,  committed  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk  to  the  Tower,  and  examined  the  Bishop.  Fresh  plots  to  set  the  Queen  of  Scots  free 
being  discovered,  it  was  thought  fit  to  confine  him  again  to  the  Bishop  of  London's  Palace,  1570. 
He  had  been  lately  set  at  liberty,  having  been  taken  up  for  being  deeply  concerned  in  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland's  conspiracy  (454).  He  was  a  great  zealot  for  his  religion)  and  his  views  were 
very  extensive,  but  did  his  mistress  infinite  hurt  by  his  warmth  and  the  pains  he  took  to  check  the 
discontents  of  the  English  Catholics.  Elizabeth  had  good  spies,  and  was  not  ignorant  that  this 
pretended  Ambassador  was  concerned  in  all  the  plots  which  were  formed  against  her  ;  whence  she 
could  not  but  infer  that  he  was  acting  agreeably  to  his  mistress's  inclinations  and  orders.  As  soon  as 
this  Prelate  had  in  his  hands  the  articles  proposed  to  Mary  by  Elizabeth,  who  intended  only  to  trifle 
with  her,  he  sent  copies  of  them  to  the  Pope,  the  Kings  of  France  and  Spain,  and  to  the  Duke  of 
Alva,  writing  to  all  these  Potentates,  that  Mary  would  be  at  length  constrained  to  accept  them  if 
some  vigorous  efforts  were  not  made  in  her  favour  :  but  his  instances  had  no  effect  (440).  A  con- 
ference being  held  in  London  between  the  two  Scotch  factions,  the  Bishop  of  Ross  and  Lord 
Galloway  appeared  for  Mary.  But  the  conference  breaking  up  without  coming  to  an  issue,  Mary 
revoked  the  powers  of  her  Commissioners,  but  ordered  the  Bishop  of  Ross  to  reside  still  at  London 
as  her  Ambassador.  This  created  great  suspicion  in  Elizabeth,  who  was  sensible  the  Bishop  was  the 
chief  promoter  of  the  plots  against  her ;  but  she  durst  not  refuse  it,  lest  she  should  seem  to  impeach 
her  own  affected  impartiality,  and  not  own  Mary  for  Queen  (443).  When  Mary,  in  1571,  was 
intriguing  with  Spain  to  bring  about  her  release,  she  was  privately  carrying  on  a  negociation  with 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk.  The  Bishop  cf  Ross  frecmently  told  him,  by  Parker,  one  of  his  confidents, 
that,  by  the  help  of  his  numerous  friends,  it  might  be  easy  for  him  to  seize  the  Queen,  and  detain 
her  in  custody  till  he  had  married  the  Queen  of  Scots,  and  provided  for  the  security  of  the  Catholic 
Religion  ;  but  the  Duke  rejected  the  project,  and  even  refused  to  give  letters  of  credit,  to  the  Courts 


2$6  THE   BISHOP   OF    ROSS'S   SUPPLICATION. 

to  lett  him  have  some  lodgyng  pvided  for  him  in  the  towne  of  Tutbury,  which,  if 
he  will  not  receave  without  resorting  to  Burton  l,  upon  knowledge  thereof  her 
Matie  meeneth  that  he  shall  be  ordered  to  depart  the  realme." 

of  Rome,  and  Madrid,,  and  the  Duke  of  Alva,  to  Rodolpho  the  Florentine,  whom  Mary  had 
dispatched  thither  (453).  He  engaged  in  it,  however,  so  far,  that  he  was  discovered, -and  con- 
fessed so  much  of  what  he  was  accused  of,  that  the  Bishop  of  Ross  was  apprehended,  and  committed 
first  to  the  Bishop  of  Ely  (Camd.  234),  next  to  the  Tower,  and  examined  upon  twenty-three' 
articles,  to  all  of  which  he  gave  particular  answers  in  rather  an  evasive  manner,  at  least  Camden 
gives  no  fuller  account  of  his  defence ;  but  it  is  probable  the  fear  of  death,  with  which  he  was 
threatened,  might  make  him  discover  some  matters  which  Camden  has  not  thought  fit  to  publish, 
and  of  which  some  proofs  afterwards  appeared  (458),  which  cost  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  his  head, 
and  the  Bishop  of  Ross  his  liberty,  being  confined,  as  we  learn  from  his  "  Supplication,"  in 
Farnham  Castle,  probably  in  the  custody  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester.  In  1573  he  received  orders 
to  depart  the  kingdom,  and,  withdrawing  into  France,  continued  his  intrigues,  though  to  little 
purpose.  There  he  wrote  a  History  of  Scotland,  from  the  beginning  to  1561.  What  he  says  of 
the  Earl  of  Murray,  speaking  of  the  first  troubles  of  Scotland,  and  which  Camden  has  taken  care 
to  copy,  plainly  shews  what  might  have  been  expected  from  him  had  he  continued  it  to  the  end  of 
the  war  (489).  In  1575  was  published  what  the  Bishop  styled  "  Ad  illustrissimam  Principem  et 
omni  Virtute  praestantem  Dominam  Elizabetham,  Anglige  Reginam,  Joannis  Episcopi  Rossecsis  sup- 
plex  Oratio."  His  work  "  De  Origine,  Moribus,  &  Gestis  Scotorum,"  addressed  to  Gregory  X11I.  was 
printed  at  London,  1565,  4to.  and  Rome,  1578,  4to.  in  ten  Books,  of  which  the  three  last  were 
written  in  England.  A  MS  copy  in  his  native  language  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS.  Laud.  K.  72. 
somewhat  differs  from  the  printed,  in  some  matters  more  diffuse,  and  the  dedication  is  also  different. 
His  Dissertation  on  the  Queen  of  Scots'  Title  to  the  Crown  of  England  was  published  in  Latin  at 
Rheims,  1580  :  in  English,  15S4  ;  in  French  at  Rouen,  1587,  Svo.  His  exhortation  to  the  English 
and  Scotch  to  cultivate,  perpetual  peace,  at  Rheims,  1580.  His  "  Supplication  to  Queen  Elizabeth," 
to  obtain  his  liberty,  which  was  printed  at  Paris,  1574,  8vo.  ends  with  these  lines: 
Ad  Elizabetham  Anglic  Reginam  Jo.  E.  R.  Carmen. 
Non  aurum  posco,  nee  opes,  sed  carcere  solvi, 

Tutus  et  ut  cedam  finibus  hisce  tuis  : 
Quod  si  prrestiteris,  Princeps  mitissima,  reddam, 

Charius  omni  auro,  grati  animi  obsequium. 
E  Custodia  nostra,  in  Castro  Fernamensi,  Tua?  Majestatis  devotissimus  orator, 

quinto  nonas  Octobris,  1573.  Joh'  Epis'  Rossen'. 

The  Bishop  died  at  Brussels,  1595;  and  his  Life  and  Transactions  were  printed  there  in  Latin, 
1596, 8vo.  See  more  of  him  in  Tanner's  Bibl.  Brit.  p.  47S.  Oct.  19,  1571,  Lord  Burghley  says,  ('  The 
Bishop  of  Ross  is  sent  for,  and  shall  he  committed  to  the  Tower  :  it  is  agreed  by  the  lerned  Counsel!, 
both  cyvil  and  temporall,  that  the  Queen's  Majesty  may  precede  ageynst  hym  as  ageynst  a  subject, 
for  treason  and  conspiracy. 

1  Burton  upon  Trent,  some  little  distance  from  Tutbury,  where  the  Queen  of  Scots  was  then  in 
confinement  under  the  charge  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 


THE    aUEEN's    PROGRESS    IN    SURREY   AND    HAMPSHIRE,  156*9.  257 

May  9.     Secretary  Cecil  was  in  attendance  on  the  Court  "  at  Greenwich." 
In  the  Summer  of  this  year  a  mode  of  providing  for  the  Poor  appears  to  have 
been  taken  into  Royal  consideration  1. 

July  27.     The  Queen's  Majesty  at  Richmond  2  ;  and  at  Oatlands  August  2. 
August  3*  At  Guildford3,  and  Farnham  4. 

1  Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Dr.  Cox,  Bishop  of  Ely,  to  the  Parson  of  Downham. 

"  Forasmuch  as  God  sendeth  riches  to  men,  not  only  to  helpe  themselves  and  theiers,  but  also  to 
helpe  their  poore  and  nedie  neighbours,  which  is  so  often  by  God  comaunded,  and  is  an  occasion  of 
their  endlesse  blisse  and  felicitie  ;  I  must  nedes  earnestlie  call  uppon  you  liberally  and  cherefully  to 
helpe  your  poore  neighbours,  consideringe  many  causes  that  ought  to  move  you  thereunto ;  scil. 
First,  ye  ar  delivered  in  manner  from  all  kinde  of  wicked  and  ungodly  beggars-,  as  from  friers,  per- 
dours,  charges  of  pilgremages,  and  deckings  of  images,  and  such  like ;  wherby  ye  be  the  better  able 
to  comfort  your  poore  neighbours.  Secondly,  the  Quene's  Majesti,  with  her  Counsell,  do  daily  tra- 
vail&  to  deliver  you  from  valiant  vagabonds  and  idle  beggars.  Thirdly,  her  Majesty,  by  her  saied 
Counsell,  hathe  geven  expresse  comaundement,  that  the  effect  and  matter  of  the  statute  for  the  provi- 
sion for  the  poore  shalbe  put  in  use.  Wherfore  I  shall  requier  and  charge  you,  on  God's  behalfe,  and 
as  ye  shall  answer  att  the  greate  daye,  deal  liberally  and  charitably  with  your  poore  neighbours.  I 
require  and  charge  ye,  the  Minister  of  the  Church,  the  Churchwardens,  and  the  Collectors  for  the 
poore,  to  certifie  me,  or  my  Chancellor,  within  one  moneth  after  the  receite  hereof,  of  the  names  of 
them  that  geve  wekely  to  the  poore,  and  also  the  summes  :  and  further,  the  names  also  of  them  that 
are  able,  and  yet  will  depart  with  nothinge.     Geven  att  Dodington,  July  12,  1569.      Richard  Ely." 

Dodington  was  a  manor  belonging  to  the  See  of  Ely,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  given  to  the  Church  in 
the  Saxon  times,  where  the  Bishops  had  a  Palace.  It  was  alienated  to  the  Crown  by  Cox's  successor 
Heton.     Bentham's  Ely,  pp.  75,  79,  163,  196.  2  Of  Richmond  Palace.   See  under  the'year  15S3. 

3  Unluckily  the  Corporation  Books  of  that  Town  do  not  give  any  account  of  her  coming  thither 
either  in  this  or  the  preceding  year,  but  there  is  an  entry  in  one  of  them,  of  a  later  date,  directing 
that,  on  a  Royal  Visit  to  the  Town,  the  Mayor  should  be  allowed  e£.10  for  his  expense.  The 
Charter  granted  by  King  James  the  First,  early  in  his  first  year  to  the  Town  of  Guildford,  appoints 
the  Mayor  and  others  to  be  Justices  of  the  Peace,  which  had  been  promised  by  the  Queen  when  she 
was  at  Guildford,  not  mentioning  the  time. 

4  At  this  place  the  Queen,  taking  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  to  dinner,  in  a  conference  with  him  rela- 
tive to  the  marriage  he  then  meditated  with  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  pleasantly  advised  him,  "  To  be 
very  careful  on  what  pillow  he  laid  his  head."  Soon  after,  Leicester  falling  sick,  or  at  least  feigning 
himself  so,  the  Queen  came  to  pay  him  a  visit  at  Titchfield  ;  when  he  opened  to  her  the  whole  busi- 
ness, and  begged  her  pardon  with  all  possible  appearance  of  concern.  After  this,  the  Queen  called 
the  Duke  to  her  into  the  gallery,  and  roundly  reprimanded  him  for  attempting  a  match  with  the 
Queen  of  Scots,  without  her  cognizance  ;  and  commanded  him,  on  his  allegiance,  to  give  over  those 
pretensions.  The  Duke  made  her  a  very  hearty  and  cheerful  promise,  that  he  would  ;  and,  as  if  he 
had  a  very  slight  regard  for  the  Queen  of  Scots,  was  not  shy  to  affirm,  "  That  his  estate  in  England 
was  worth  little  less  than  the  whole  kingdom  of  Scotland,"  in  the  ill  state  the  Wars  had  now  reduced 

VOL.  I.  2  L 


25§  THE    GtUEEN'S    PROGRESS    IN    SURREY   AND    HAMPSHIRE,  I569. 

Aug.  12.  The  Queen's  Majesty  was  again  at  Guildford:  and  in  this,  and 
the  month  afterwards,  successively  visited  Tichfield  \  Southampton  2,  the  Vyne3, 
and  Baising4. 

In  the  month  of  August  was  received  an  interesting  Letter  from  Lord  Heriz  5, 
respecting  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and  the  various  intrigues  and  commotions 
which  Scotland  was  at  time  unhappily  distracted. 

it  to ;  and  that  when  he  was  at  his  own  Tennis-court  at  Norwich,  he  thought  himself  at  least  a  petty 
Prince.  However,  his  mettle  (as  Camden  relates)  was  considerably  abated  after  this  interview ;  and  when 
he  perceived,  both  in  the  Queen's  looks  and  behaviour,  a  greater  indifference  to  him  than  before  3  that 
Leicester  had  laid  aside  the  friend 3  and  many  of  the  first  Nobility  shrinking  by  degrees  from  his 
interest,  and  declining  his  conversation ;  paying  him,  now  and  then,  as  they  happened  to  meet,  a 
short  compliment,  and  ..away  j  he  resolved  to  go  for  London  without  taking  leave  of  the  Court,  then 
at  Southampton,  and  took  up  his  residence  with  the  Earl  of  Pembroke ;  who  gave  him  all  the  hopes 
and  [encouragements  he  was  capable  of.  The  very  same  day,  the  Queen,  in  a  great  disgust,  refused 
the  suit  of  the  Spanish  Ambassador,  in  reference  to  the  enlargement  of  the  Queen  of  Scots 3  and 
advised  her  to  bear  her  condition  with  less  impatience,  or  otherwise  she  might  chance  to  find  some, 
on  whom  she  had  grounded  her  best  hopes,  the  head  shorter  in  a  very  little  time.  Camden,  p.  420. 
1  Tichfield  House,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  banks  of  the  River  Tichfield,  was  built  on  the  site 
of  an  antient  Abbey 3  and  at  the  time  of  this  Visit  was  the  house  of  Henry  Wriothesley,  Earl 
of  Southampton.     This  house  will  be  further  noticed  under  the  year  1597.  a  See  p.  261. 

3  The  Manor  of  the  Vyne,  near  Basingstoke,  then  the  property  of  William  Lord  Sandys,  will  be 
further  noticed  under  the  year  1601. 

4  The  seat  of  William  Paulet,  Marquis  of  Winchester,  who  died,  at  the  age  of  97,  in  1572,  and 
was  buried  in  the  Church" there.     August  29,  1569,  the  Earl  of  Leicester  writes  "  from  Basing." 

5  "  Plesitt  your  Right  Excellent  Majesty,  [the  18  of  yis  instant  I  ressairt  writtings  from  my  Soveraine 
and  theirby  understandis  your  Hienes  is  inform  it,  that  I  sould  since  I  came  fra  yowre  Majestie  quhair 
I  was  of  your  Hienes  mair  honourably  and  better  tretit,  nor  evir  my  leiffull  service  or  lyfe  may  be 
worth,  praying  Almighty  God  to  gif  you  thankis.  In  recompanse  has  cawsit  some  of  my  country- 
men brokin  and  made  spulzeis  upon  your  Majesty's  frontiers  and  subjectis  thereof ;  and  forther,  that 
I  sould  desire  and  provok  occasiown  of  troubles  betwix  the  Quene  my  Soveraine's  obedient  subjectis 
and  her  Grace's  disobedientis  within  this  Realme.  GifF  this  be  trew,  I  am  the  unworthiest  of  all  uther 
creatures,  and  not  worthy  to  be  levand  3  and  therefore  most  hwmelie-  besekes  your  Majestie  noth  to 
gif  it  creditt  3  for  gif  owther  Inglsman  or  Scottisman  may  prove  trewlie  that  I  was  either  art  or  coun- 
sele  to  the  hurt  of  any  Inglishman  in  body  or  gudis  sen  I  come  to  Barwick  to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
ane  of  the  procurares  your  Majestie's  army  to  Leith,  I  sail  recompanse  the  skaitht  with  my  geir,  and 
offerse  to  your  Majesty  with  my  life.  And  now  haiffand  my  Soveraine  in  your  countrey  and  my  sim- 
pilnes  self  ressevand  sic  honours  of  your  Majestie,  it  is  maist  unliklie  and  of  the  reportaris  to  your 
Majestie  maist  untrewlie  inventit.  Madame,  at  my  coming  in  this  countrey,  I  faund  the  greatest 
part  of  this  Realme  sa  inflamit  agains  the  Erlis  of  Murray  and  Mortons,  with  some  uthars  their 
adherents,  for  thaire  proud  treason  and  comptension  agains  our  native  Soveraine.  They  had  appointit 


LORD    HERIZ   TO   THE    QUEEN,    ON    SCOTTISH    POLITICKS,    15fjO.  259 

On  the  8th  of  September,  her  Majesty's  Court  being  then  kept  in  the  Tower 
of  Southampton,  we  find  the  following  instance  of  the  Queen's  displacing  the 
Mayor  of  a  Corporate  Town ;  the  offence  being  thus  stated :  "  John  Harford, 
Mayor  of  Coventry  walking  in  the  field  with  a  couple  of  greyhonds,  which 
greyhounds  ran  at   a  little  spaniel  of  William   Heley's,   an  embroiderer  ;    the 

ane  day  to  cawse  thame  repent  thair  misdoyngs,  and  acknawlege  thair  obedience,  or  at  the  leist 
therein  to  do  your  power ;  and  for  that  your  Excellency  declarit  your  mynd  to  my  simpilness,  was  to 
putt  my  Mastres  in  her  awin  countrey  and  auctoritie  without  bludsched,  and  to  consider  thair  proced- 
ings  as  her  subjectis  ;  and  as  be  your  Majestie  and  your  maist  honorable  Counsail  was  faind  this  yair 
doyngs  worthy,  swa  to  use  yame  in  your  appointment  makin  betwix  our  Soverain  and  yame.  And  for 
I  onlie  of  my  Scottisman  had  thifFer  knawledge  of  your  mynde,  I  wraut  to  the  Erie  of  Murray,  and 
with  my  writtings  send  ane  royle  man  instructid ;  declaring  him  that  I  was  commandit  by  your 
Majestie  to  shaw  your  mind  to  my  Soveraine ;  and  that  your  Grace  had  said  she  void  cause  their  pre- 
tendit  Parliament  to  ceis,  and  all  hostilitie  to  stay  on  baith  sydes  quhilk  your  Hienes  had  hard  and 
orderit  the  causs.  After  that  you  had  hard  and  understand  at  length  my  servands  credit  haill  to  this 
effect,  he  wald  not  oppin  my  writtings,  because  as  he  saide  I  wald  not  style  him  Regent 5  and  as  I 
shew  your  Majestie,  I  think  never  to  style  him  swa,  nor  obey  him  with  that  style.  Yet,  Madame,  for 
the  weill  of  my  native  countrey,  and  discharging  of  myselfe  quhen  yis  had  cuming  in  ressonyng  before 
your  Majestie's  Counsell,  1  send  ane  uther  discreit  man  to  hym  four  or  five  days  before  the  Parliament 
wyt  ane  wrytting  to  the  samyn  effect,  declaring  expresslie  your  Majestie's  mynd  was,  that  their  pre- 
tendit  Parliament  sould  ceiss,  and  all  hostilitie  on  baith  the  sydes,  quhilk  your  Grace  had  tayne  orders 
with  it,  and  efferit  in  my  writting',  if  he  would  swa  doe  for  that  part,  I  sould  informe  my  Maistre's 
obedient  subjectis  of  your  Majestie's  mynd,  that  you  sould  truble  naye  of  the  uther  partie,  bot  leif 
quietlie  as  your  Grace  had  commandit.  This  writting  I  sent  subscrit  and  unclosit ,  for  that  I  sould  ne 
mystile  him,  I  wraitt  nathing  on  the  back  ;  quhen  the  Erie  of  Mortoun  and  he  had  hard  my  man  at 
lenght,  I  could  get  na  answere.  Besydes  this  warning  that  I  had  given  yame  of  your  Majestie's 
mynd,  and  offer  for  my  Maistre's  part,  it  may  appeir  I  was  not  myndit  to  move  discord,  I  have  left 
swa  of  my  awin  howss  that  was  taken  fra  me  quhen  I  was  with  your  Majestie,  far  by  my  expectation 
the  tyme  your  Grace  shew  me  of  Myddle  newr  Dwettions.  Tha  houss  is  kepit  with  four  or  fiye  sym- 
pill  men  the  pece  that  could  not  have  bene  able  to  defend  yame,  gif  I  had  not  servit  mair  your 
Majestie's  commandment  and  respeict  to  your  order,  nor  ye  defence  that  the  Erie  of  Murray  and  his 
adherents  may  nacht  cum  to  yair  releaff  in  the  countrey  quhair  yai  stand  shaiftelie  ;  that  I  have  been 
causer,  or  actor,  or  councellor,  in  ony  maner  of  way  to  truble  your  Majestie's  subjects,  or  yett  the 
fortherar  of  ony  trubles  in  yis  countre  sen  my  cuming  from  your  Hienes,  I  uterlie  deny.  The 
informers  of  your  Hienes  therof  has  spaken  maist  unjustlie,  and  sal  be  never  able  to  prove  it ;  and  to 
the  tryhall  thereof  I  sail  be  redy  to  cum  quhen  your  Grace  will  command  me,  gif  ony  man  wilJ  avow 
it.  Madame,  this  great  causs  betwix  our  Souveraine  and  her  disobedient  subjects  requiers  great  haist 
to  be  tayne  order  in,  for  that  her  Grace's  obedients  ressavis  daylie  greit  hurt ;  and  heir  her  rebel!*, 
swa  far,  as  yai  may  levis  nathing  undoin,  destrauing  all  pollicie  of  yame,  yat  is  nocht  yaires  baith 
spirituall  and  temporal!.     Thair  theirs  that  is  under  their  wages,  and  uther  thevis  in  cullour  of  yame 


260  THE    ftUEEN   AT   SOUTHAMPTON,  15 6Q. 

said  Heley,  meaning  to  save  his  spaniel,  beat  the  greyhounds ;  for  which  cause 
the  said  John  Harford  beat  the  said  William  Heley  with  his  walking-staff,  that 
he  died  of  the  stroke ;  for  which  cause  he  was  deprived  of  his  Mayoralty,  and 
John  Saunders  served  out  his  year.  The  said  John  Harford  was  fain  to  agree  with 
Heley's  wife  for  the  pardon,  and  also  exempted  the  Council  of  the  City  for  ever. 
The  Queen's  letter  for  his  deprivation  runs  thus : 

"  To  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  the  Recorder  and  Aldermen  of  our  City 
of  Coventry. 

"  Elizabetha  Regina.  Trusty  and  well-beloved,  we  greet  you  well.  We  per- 
ceive, by  letter  written  from  you  unto  our  right  trusty  and  well-beloved  Cousin 
and  Counsellor  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  whereof  he  hath  made  report  unto  us  the 
late  mischance  happened  to  the  Mayor  of  that  our  City  of  Coventry,  being  charged 
with  the  death  of  one  of  our  subjects  of  our  said  City,  for  which  he  is  committed 
to  ward.  And  like  as  we  find  it  reasonable  that  his  cause  be  tried  and  ordered  by 
the  ordinary  course  of  justice  and  the  laws  of  our  Realm,  without  any  particular 
regard  to  persons,  or  other  private  respect ;  so  do  not  we  think  convenient  that 
our  said  City  should  remain  without  a  head  or  governor  till  the  accustomed  time 

herees  and  murders  the  pur  creaturis,  without  ony  kind  of  redress  or  reformation  to  be  lukit  for  at 
yair  fals  usurpit  auctorite,  yee,  or  rather  treasonable  auctority,  I  shoidd  call  it. 

Now  sen  it  is  your  Majestie's  hands  put  be  our  Maistress,  and  as  your  Majestie  said  mony  times 
they  had  referrit  your  haill  cause  to  your  Hieness  (quhilk  I  am  maist  assure  they  dane  na  utherwise 
dowe),  that  for  Godd's  luffe,  and  for  his  feir,  he  will  take  sik  haistie  ordour  with ;.  it  was  as  your 
Majestie  and  your  Counsaile  fynds  to  his  glory  and  equitie  of  the  cause  in  the  Wardle,  utherwise  gif  ye 

will  nocht  haist  it  with  great  speid  j  that  ye  will  leif  it,  and  suffer  my  Maistress to  seek  our 

help;  I  say  that  she  may  broak  her  awin  cuntrie,  as  God  has  callit  her,  and  not  to  trouble  your.  I 
knaw  weill  your  Majestie  wyll  gett  greit  counsele  nocht  to  be  haistie  in  yis  matter.  Considder, 
Madame,  the  fearfull  jugement  of  Almytie  God  for  the  innocent  creatures  that  beis  slayn  (ane  cais 
unremediable  be  Princes),  gifF  ye  soil  not  with  speed  gif  your  determination,  or  with  speed  discharge 
you  of  it,  and  call  some  other  Christian  Prince :  do  it ;  forgif  ye  will  not,  we  will  speed  be  forced  to 
seek  it.  I  leif  of  the  occasions  that  your  Grace  has  specially  to  doo  herein,  because  I  have  sa  oft 
times  reported  them  to  your  Majestie,  how  my  Mastre's  has  that  honour  to  be  so  near  of  your 
bluid,  and  God  has  placit  her  in  that  rank  of  Princes  two  neir  your  neighbour,  and  may  doe  for  you. 
But  maist  specially  your  promise  of  love,  friendship,  and  assistance,  qlk  was  the  occasion  of  her 
Grace's  coming  in  your  Realme.  And  now  doing  for  her  well  a  detther  her  posterity,  all  her  obedient 
subjects  to  your  Hieness,  for  ever  quilk  I  pray  Almighty  God  may  be,  and  gif  you  lang  and  prosperous 
Reign.  Of  Dumfreis,  the  19th  of  August,  1568.  Your  Majestie's  ryt  humell  and  obedient  servand 
at  my  power  to  command  leifully,  Heris."    [From  Sloane  MSS.  3199, 35.] 


THE    aUEEN   AT    SOUTHAMPTON,  1 5(>0.  26 1 

of  the  election  of  a  new  Mayor  there,  which,  as  we  be  given  to  understand,  is  not 
until  the  month  of  November.  We  let  you  therefore  wit  our  pleasure  and  com- 
mandment is,  that,  upon  the  receipt  of  these  our  letters,  and  by  authority  of  the 
same,  you  shall  forthwith  proceed  as  well  to  the  deprivation  of  the  said  Mayor 
from  his  mayoralty,  as  also  to  the  election  of  another  Mayor  in  his  stead,  to 
occupy  the  place  of  Mayor  for  our  said  City,  until  you  shall,  at  the  accustomed 
ordinary  time,  make  choice  of  a  new  one,  in  such  wise  as  by  your  charter  you 
might  or  ought  to  do,  if  the  said  Mayor  were  either  dead,  or  otherwise  found 
unable  to  execute  his  said  charge.  Whereby,  or  by  any  other  thing  contained  in 
these  letters,  we  mean  not  to  prejudicate  the  cause  of  the  said  late  Mayor,  or  that 
any  hold  or  advantage  should  be  thereby  taken  to  enforce  any  matter  against  him,  or 
that  he  should  be  otherwise  dealt  withall  in  this  matter  wherewith  he  is  charged, 
than  may  stand  with  the  ordinary  course  of  our  laws,  and  the  due  and  upright 
administration  of  justice,  without  any  manner  of  partiality  or  other  indirect  deal- 
ing ;  and  when  your  ordinary  time  for  the  choice  of  a  new  Mayor  shall  be  come, 
you  may  consider  whether  it  shall  be  fit  to  continue  the  person  that  you  now 
choose  instead  of  him  that  is  to  be  deprived,  or  to  make  choice  of  a  new  one,  and 
to  do  therein  as  you  shall  find  most  necessary  for  the  commonweal  of  the  said 
City,  if  by  order  of  law  the  fact  of  your  Mayor  shall  deserve  death  :  our  meaning 
is,  that,  before  any  execution  thereof  done,  you  should  certify  us  of  your  proceed- 
ings in  the  trial.  Given  under  our  signet,  at  our  Tower  of  Southampton l,  the  8th 
day  of  September,  the  eleventh  year  of  our  Reign  2." 

On  the  22d  of  September,  the  Court  being  then  at  the  manor  of  the  Vyne,  the 
following  Letter  was  sent  to  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  : 

"  Right  trusty  and   right  welbiloved  Cosin,  we  greate  you  well.     Where  we 
understand  that  our  Cosin  of  Shrewsbury  is  moch  trobled  with  sicknes,  and  like 

1  From  the  Corporation  Books  of  the  City  of  Coventry. 

2  The  Tower  of  Southampton  is  a  Fort,  near  the  Quay,  built  by  King  Henry  VIIT.  in  1532. — We 
have  no  account  of  the  Queen's  Visit  at  Southampton,  but  her  Brother  King  Edward  VI.  in  a  Let- 
ter to  Barneby  Fitzpatrick,  says,  "  From  Portsmouth  she  went  to  Tichfield,  and  so  to  Southampton 
Tower.  The  Citizens  had  bestowed  for  our  coming  great  cost  in  painting,  repairing,  and  ram- 
pairing  their  walls.  The  Towne  is  handsome,  and  for  the  bignesse  of  it  as  faire  houses  as  be  at 
London.  The  Citizens  made  great  cheer,  and  many  of  them  kept  costly  tables.  And  Camden, 
who  wrote  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  tells  us,  it  was  then  famous  for  the  number  and  beauty  of  its 
buildings,  its  different  inhabitants,  and  the  resort  of  numerous  merchants. 


262  THE    GtUEEN    AT   THE    VYNE,    IN    HAMPSHIRE,  I569. 

to  fall  further  into  the  same,  in  such  sort  as  he  nother  pntly  is  able,  nor  shalbe,  to 
continewe  in  the  charge  which  he  hath  to  kepe  the  Q.  of  S.  we  have,  for  a  pnt 
remedy,  and  to  avoide  the  danger  that  might  insue,  made  choise  of  you  to  take 
the  charge  of  the  custody  of  her  untill  we  shall  otherwise  order ;  and  therefore 
we  ernestly  require  you  with  all  spede  to  repaire  to  our  Cosin  of  S. 1  with  some  of 
your  owne  trusty  servants,  and  their  to  take  the  charge  of  the  said  Q.  wherwith 
our  said  Cosin  wilbe  so  well  content  as  we  dout  not  but  you  shall  have  all  that  he 
can  command  to  be  serviceable  unto  you.  And  though  this  direction  of  you  may 
seem  pntly  sodayne  and  straung,  for  you  to  take  charge  of  her  in  any  other 
pson's  house  then  in  your  owne,  yet  the  infirmity  of  our  said  Cosin,  with  the 
mistrust  he  hath  of  a  greter,  and  the  request  he  hath  made  unto  us  to  have  some 
help  in  this  cause,  with  other  causes  that  we  have  to  dout  of  some  escape  of  the 
said  Q.  moveth  us  to  use  this  spedy  order ;  meaning,  as  sone  as  occasion  may 
further  pmit,  to  devise  eyther  shortly  to  deliver  you  of  "this  burthen  wholly,  or, 
at  the  least,  to  devise  that  she  shalbe  removed  to  some  other  meter  place  wheir 
you  may  have  the  whole  comandement.  We  woll  have  you  also,  after  conference 
with  our  said  Cosin  of  S.  to  devise  how  the  nombre  of  the  Q.  of  S'.  trayne  might 
be  diminished,  and  reduced  only  to  thirty  persons  of  all  sorts,  as  was  ordered, 
but,  as  we  perceive,  to  moch  enlarged  of  late  tyme.  You  shall,  also,  jointly  with 
the  Erie  of  S.  give  order  that  no  such  comen  resort  be  to  the  Q.  as  hath  bene, 
nor  that  she  have  such  liberty  to  send  posts  as  she  hath  don,  to  the  great  burden 
of  our  poore  subjects ;  and  if  she  shall  have  any  speciall  cause  to  send  to  us,  then 
ye  shall  so  permit  her  servant  with  the  warrant  of  your  hand,  and  none  to  com 
otherwise  :  and  if  you  shall  thinke  of  any  meter  place  to  kepe  her,  we  require 
you  to  advtise  us  therof,  so  as  we  may  tak  order  for  the  same. 

"  We  have  writen  to  our  Cosin  of  S. 1  whom  we  have  willed  to  impart  to  you  the 
contents  of  our  lettre,  and  so  we  woll  have  you  to  do  these ;  trusting  that  you 
will  so  consider  herof  as  the  cause  requiereth  for  our  honour  and  quietnes,  without 
respect  of  any  parson.  Yeven  under  our  signet,  at  the  manor  of  the  Vyne,  the 
22d  of  Septembre  1569,  the  11th  yere  of  our  raygne. 

i:  Postscript.  After  we  had  considered  of  some  part  of  the  premisses,  we  thought 
in  this  sort  to  alter  some  part  therof:  we  woll  that  no  parson  be  sufFred  to  Com 
from  the  Q.  of  S.  with  any  message  or  lettre  ;  but  if  she  will  write  to  us,  you 
shall  offer  to  send  the  same  by  one  of  youre's ;  and  so  we  will  you  to  do,  for  our 

1  The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT   THE   VYNE,  AND   AT   WINDSOR,  I569.  2^3 

meaning  is  that  for  a  season  she  shall  nether  send  nor  receve  any  message  or 
letters  without  our  knolege  l." 

In  October  and  November,  Secretary  Cecil's  dispatches  are  dated  from 
"  Windsor  Castle;"  whence  the  following  Proclamation  2  was  issued: 

"Elizabeth  R.  Be  it  known  to  all  men,  that  whereas  Thomas  Erie  of  Northum- 
berland, Knight,  &  a  Companion  of  the  most  Noble  Ordre  of  the  Garter,  hath  not 
onlie  committed  and  done  high  treason  against  the  Quene's  most  excellent  Majestie, 
Soveraigne  of  the  said  most  noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  compassing  and  imagen- 
inge  most  trayterous  rebellions  in  manner  of  warre,  not  only  in  his  owen  parson, 
against  our  most  dradd  Souvereigne  Lady  the  Quene  but  also  hath  procured  a 
great  multitude  of  others  most  trayterously  and  rebelliously  to  follow  him  in  his 
trayterous  purpose,  intending  thereby,  if  he  might,  to  subvert  the  hoole  good 
ordre  and  Commonwealth  of  this  Realme ;  for  the  which  detestable  offence  and 
high  treason  the  said  Thomas  hath  deserved  to  be  disgraded  of  the  said  most 
noble  Ordre,  and  expelled  out  of  the  said  companye  ;  and  not  worthy  that  his 
armes,  ensigns,  and  hachements,  should  remayne  amongst  virtuous  and  approved 
Knights  of  the  said  most  noble  Ordre.  Wherefore  our  most  righteous  Quene, 
supreme  and  Soveraigne  of  this  our  most  noble  Ordre,  with  the  Companions  now 
present  of  the  same,  wyll  and  command  that  these  armes,  ensigns,  and  hatch- 
ments, of  the  said  Thomas,  be  taken  away  and  throwne  downe,  and  he  be  cleane 
put  from  this  Ordre,  &  from  henceforth  to  be  none  of  the  number  thereof;  that 
all  other  by  his  example  for  evermore  hereafter  beware  how  they  commit  or  doe 
the  lyke  crime,  or  fall  in  lyke  shame  or  rebuke.     Godd  save  the  Quene." 

The  Queen  this  year  kept  her  Christmas  at  Hampton  Court3. 

1  This  year  was  rendered  remarkable  by  the  discovery  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  unfortunate  design 
to  marry  the  Queen  of  Scots,  and  the  insurrection  in  the  North  which  followed ;  see  p.  257.  Leonard 
Dacre  too,  a  busy  intriguing  person,  had  laid  a  plan  for  liberating  her  from  confinement,  now  at  Wing- 
field  in  Derbyshire  j  Elizabeth,  therefore,  diminished  her  retinue,  and  doubled  her  guard  ;  and  the  Earl 
of  Huntingdon  was  appointed  to  this  service  because  he  was  in  some  degree  her  personal  enemy,  on 
account  of  a  fancied  right  to  the  succession  by  his  descent  from  Margaret  Countess  of  Salisbury, 
daughter  of  George  Duke  of  Clarence.  The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury's  sickness  afforded  a  flimsy  pretence 
for  placing  a  spy  over  him,  but  the  Queen's  declaration  that  he  had  desired  assistance  was  absolutely 
false,  for  his  next  Letter  to  Cecil  proves  that  this  Coadjutor  was  forced  on  him  in  opposition  to  his 
express  request.     Lodge,  vol.  II.  pp.  21,22.  2  Brit.  Mus.  Cotton  MSS.  Vespasian,  cxiv.  583. 

The  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  writing  to  his  Countess  from  that  Palace  in  December  1568,  says,  "  The 
Plage  is  disposed  far  abrode  in  London,  so  that  the  Queene  kepes  hur  Kyrsomas  her,  &  goth  not 
to  Grenwych  as  it  was  mete."     Hunter's  Hallamshire,  p.  81. 


264 
Office  of  the  Keeper  of  the  Queen's  Majesties  Purse l. 

The  Duplicamente  of  Edmund  Downing,  Gent,  one  of  thexecutors  of  the  last 
Will  and  Testamente  of  John  Tamworthe,  Esquier,  deceased,  late  one  of 
the  Gromes  of  the  Queen's  Majesties  Privie  Chamber,  unto  whom  her 
Highness  comyted  the  chardge  of  the  said  office :  That  is  to  saie,  as  well  of 
all  such  sumes  of  money  of  her  Majestic' s  Treasoure,  as  the  said  John  Tarn-- 
worth,  or  any  of  his  deputies,  have  received  and  had  any  maner  of  waies 
touching  the  said  office,  from  the  tenth  day  of  January  [1558-9],  in  the  first 
year  of  the  Raigne  of  our  Sovereigne  Lady  Quene  Elizabeth,  as  of  the  deburs- 
inge,  defraying,  and  paying  oute  of  the  same  treasure,  by  commandment  of  her 
Majestie,  to  diverse  and  sundrie  persons,  from  the  13th  day  of  September,  in 
the  third  year  of  her  Majestie's  Reign,  untill  the  23d  of  April  [1569],  the 
eleventh  year  of  her  Highness's  Reigne,  on  which  day  the  said  John  Tam- 
worth  deceased  ;  contayning  ten  whole  years,  one  quarter,  and  twelve  daies, 
as  by  one  boke  thereof  syned  by  her  Majestie,  mentioning  his  receipts  and 
payments  within  the  said  tyme,  dothe  appere;  which  said  accoumpte  was 
delivered  the  13th  day  of  January  [1570-I],  anno  13  Reginae  predictae,  as 
hereafter  followith  :  that  is  to  say, 

The  said  Accomptainte  is  charged  with  moneys  received  .  by  the  said  John 
Tamworth  ;  that  is  to  say,  of 

Newyeres  Giftes  given  to  the  Quene's  Majestie. 

Firste,  he  is  chardged  with  divers  somes  of  money,  by  the  said  John  Tam- 
worth received,  of  sondry  coynes  of  gold,  geven  and  presented  from  divers  persons 
at  Newyear's  tyde,  in  the  severall  yeres  underwriten,  as  well  to  our  late  Sove- 
rayne  Lady  Quene  Mary,  and  remayning  in  her  Majestie's  closet  after  her 
desease,  as  to  our  most  graceous  Soverigne  Lady  Quene  Elizabeth  within  her 
Highnes's  Reigne,  viz. 

In  annis  tertio  et  quarto  Philippi  &  Mariae  nuper  Regis  &  Reginae 

Quarto  &  quinto  dictorum  nuper  Regum  - 

Primo  Dominas  Elizabethae  Reginae,  extending  to  the  some  of 
^.1274.  105.  S^d.  not  here  chardged,  for  that  the  same  remayned 
with  her  Majestie,  as  in  the  Roll  of  Neweyeres  Gifts  of  that  yere, 
signed  by  her  Highness,  dothe  appere.    Nil. 

Secundo  Dominae  Elizabethan  Reginae  -  -  106*4     0  10 

'  From  an  original  Roll  among  the  Harleian  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum. 


A 

s. 

d. 

1322 

7 

4 

1343 

8 

0 

ACCOUNT   OF   THE    ftUEEN's   PURSE,    FROM  1559    TO  I569.  2(jf 

Tercio  Dominae  Elizabethae  Reginae,  extending  to  the  sume  of  ^£.  s.  d. 
^£.1186.  7#.  8d.  not  here  chardged,  for  that  the  same  was  delivered 
by  her  Majestie's  comandant  to  Sir  Richard  Sackeville,  Knight,  as 
in  the  Roll  of  that  yere  signed  by  her  Highness  amongst  others 
doth  appere  ;  which  money  was  issued  by  the  said  Sir  Richard 
Sackeville  as  parcel  of  ^.2400,  paid  for  the  purchase  of  the  manor 
of  Welbeck,  in  the  countie  of  Nottingham,  assured  to  her  Majestie, 
her  heirs  and  successors,  as  by  one  bill  indented  of  the  28th  of 
March,  anno  prsedicto,  made  between  Sir  Richard  Sackeville  and 
John  Astle,  Master  and  Treasurer  of  the  Queene's  Majesties  Jeweles 
and  Plate,  for  receiptethe  saide  money,  hereupon  seene,doth  appere,  Nil. 

Quarto  ejusdem  Dominae  Reginae  -  -  -  126*2  11     8 

Quinto   ejusdem   Dominae  Reginae,   by  thandes  of  the   Righte 
Honorable  Sir  William  Cycell,  Knighte,  Principall  Secretarie  to  her 
Majestie,  by  him  delivered  out  of  her  Highness's  Privy  Closett  at 
Westminster,  31  of  July,  anno  septimo  Reginae  praedictae,  being  the 
remainder  of  ^.1198.  12s.  4d.  given  to  her  Majestie  in  anno  quinto 
supradicto,  over  and  beside  ^.1000,  the  rest  thereof  sent  to  the  Earl 
of  Warwicke  to  Newhaven,  as  is  vouched  under  her  Majesties 
hand      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -     198   12     4 

Sexto  ejusdem  Dominae  Reginae  -  1263     8     8 

Septimo  ejusdem  Dominae  Reginae        _■--■_-_  1177     3     4 
Octavo  praefatae  Dominae  Reginae  -  -  -  -11 42     28 

Nono  ejusdem  Dominae  Reginae,  over  and  besides  ^.220  given 
to  the  Earle  of  Ormond  for  his  Neweyere's  gyftes,  as  in  the  Rolle  of 
this  yeare,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere      -  -  -921170 

Deci mo  pre fatae  Dominae  Reginae  -  -  1153   1°     2 

Anno  undecimo  ejusdem  Dominae  Reginae         -  IO34  15     8 

In  all,  as  by  one  booke  of  perticulers  under  the  signe  manuell 

of  her  Majestie  more  at  large  doth  appere,  with  ^.21.  Js.  6d. 
chardged  upon  the  said  Accoumptante,  by  certificate  of  John  Astley, 
Esquire,  Master  of  the  Jewell  House,  for  oone  wedge  of  gold  by 
him  delivered  to  the  said  John  Tamworth,  to  her  Majestie's  use, 
on  the  6th  of  January,  anno  Dominae  Reginae  predictae,  per  oz.  7 
dim.  ^  oz.  rated  at  60s.  le  oz.       -  <^-11905     5     2 


The  Treasoure  and  Chamberlens  of  the  Exchequer ;  viz.  of 

Richard  Stoweley,  one  of  the  Tellers  there,  by  Privy  Seale,  dated 
decimo  November,  anno  quinto  Reginae  predictae,  ^.500 ;  of  him 
also  by  Privy  Seale,  dated  12th  of  Junii,  anno  nono  Reginae  pre- 
dictae, ^.1500;    and  of  the  saide   Richard  Stoweley,  26th    of 

vol.  1.  2  m 


266 


ACCOUNT   OF   THE    QUEEN'S   PURSE,    FROM  1559    TO  1^6g. 


Junii,  anno  decimo  Reginae  predictae,  by  Privy  Seale,  dated  at  Green-     ^g.     s.    &, 

wich,  the  19th  of  the  saide  monthe,  ,^=.2000 ;   in  all,  as  in  the 

saide  Rolle  signed  by  her  Majestie  doth  appere     -  4000     0     0 

The  Treasurer  of  the  said  Mynte. 

Also  he  his  chardged  with  money  by  the  said  John  Tamworthe 
received  of  Thomas  Stanley,  Esquier,  Treasurer  of  the  Mynte,  by 
the  handes  of  divers  parsones,  the  13  th  and  14th  of  July,  anno 
tercio  Reginae  predictae,  at  the  Lorde  Northe's  howse  at  the  Charter- 
house, as  in  the  same  booke  is  mensoned  -  -  -  2000     0     O 

Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knyght,  the  Quene's  Agent  in  Flanders  ; 

Also  he  ys  chardged  with  like  readie  money  receaved  by  the 
said  John  Tamworth,  in  September,  anno  septimo  Reginae  pre- 
dictae, of  the  said  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  by  order  from  her 
Majestie,  by  warrante  dated  13th  of  September,  anno  predicto,  as 
in  the  same  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  dothe  likewise  appere     3 000     0     0 

Diverse  Parsonnes. 

Also  the  said  Accoumptante  is  chardged  with  sondrie  somes  of 
readie  monye  by  the  said  John  Tamworthe  received  of  diverse 
parsonnes  for  her  Majestie,  as  followith,  viz.  of 

Mrs.  Katherine  Asteley,  the  fourth  of  February  1564,  for  re- 
newing of  a  lease  granted  to  one  Mr.  Wheeler      -  -  - 

The  Maior  and  Brethren  of  the  Cytie  of  Coventry,  the  17th  of 
August  156*6,  given  to  her  Majestie  at  her  entringe  into  the  said 
Citie       -  -  - 

•     Frauncis  Rowlston  and  his  wife,  for  hearing  of  Mass  contrary  to 
the  Statute  _______ 

The  Maior  and  Brethren  of  the  town  of  Oxford,  the  last  of  Au- 
gust 1566,  given  to  her  Majestie  at  her  entring  into  the  saide  Town       30     0     0 

Mrs.  Blanch  Appary,  the  secound  of  Januarye,  anno  decimo 
Reginae  predictae,  as  given  to  the  Queen's  Majestie  at  the  late 
Lorde  Northe's  howse  at  the  Charterhouse,  by  the  Marchant  Ad- 
venturers _---_-_ 

In  all,  as  in  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  the  Quene's  Majestie,  doth 
appere  -  -  -  -  - 

The  Quene's  Privie  Treasoure. 

And  also  the  said  Accomptante  is  chardged  with  the  some  of  five 
thousande  pounde  with  the  saide  John  Tamworth,  received  oute 
of  her  Highnes's  privie  treasure,  by  the  deli  very  e  of  the  Righte 
Honorable  Sir  William  Cecell,  Knighte,  Principall  Secretary  to 


100     Q     0 


100     00 


40     0     0 


500     0     0 


700     0 


ACCOUNT   OF  THE    GLUEEn's    PURSE,    FROM  1559    TO  15#9-  $67 

her  Majestie,  to  be  by  the  said  John  Tameworth  delivered  over  ^£.  s.  d. 
to  thandes  of  the  Erie  of  Murrey  of  Scotland,  upon  the  bill  obli- 
gatory of  the  said  Erie,  for  repayment  of  the  same  to  her  Majestie, 
before  the  firste  of  November  then  next  followinge,  by  her  High- 
nes's  warraunte  under  the  signet,  geoven  at  the  Pallace  at  West- 
minster, the  laste  of  February,  anno  undecimo  Reginae  predictse, 
for  the  purpose  aforesaide  dothe  appere  -  -  -  5000     0     0 


Some  totall  of  the  receipts  and  chardges  aforesaid  *         s£*266j5     5     2 


Against  the  which,  the  said  Accomptante  is  allowed,  for  money  by  the  said 

John  Tamworth  is  sued,  paide,  and  defrayed,  within  the  tyme  of  this  ac- 

compte  ;  that  is  to  say, 

Emptions  and  Provisions  ;  viz. 

First,  he  is  allowed  for  Emption  and  Provision  of  sundry  necessi- 
ties bought  and  provided  for  the  Quene's  Majestie's  use  within  the 
tyme  of  this  accoumpte,  as  followith,  viz. 

For  Jewells  of  gould,  stones,  and  perles,  bought  and  provided  for 
her  Majestie  within  the  tyme  of  this  accompte,  whereof  certain 
parcels  were  given  awaie,  as  in  reward,  by  her  Majestie,  to  divers 
and  sundrey  persones,  as  in  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie, 
apperith  -.---..  22Q4     3     3% 

Horses,  geldinges,  and  hackneys,  bought  and  provided  by 
th'officers  of  the  stable,  for  the  Quene's  use,  within  the  tyme  of  this 
accompte,  as  in  the  said  booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  apperith  524     3     4 

Lute-stringes,  provided  and  bought  by  Thomas  Lytchfield,  Esq. ; 
one  of  the  Gromes  of  the  Privey  Chamber,  for  her  Majestie's  use, 
after  ^£.13.  6s.  Sd.  per  ann.  for  sundrye  yeres  ended  at  Christmas 
1568       -  -  -  -  -  -'  -  -74   13     4 

Necessaries. 

Provided  and  bought  by  Francys  Cornwalles,  Grome  Porter  for 
the  Privy  Chamber  of  Presence,  and  for  flowers  and  bowes  in  her 
Majestie's  Progress  at  sondry  tymes  within  the  tyme  of  this  ac- 
compte, as  in  the  said  Book,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere,       182     5     5 

Lynen  clothe,  bought  and  made  into  towelles  by  Mrs.  Ludwell, 
and  occupied  aboute  the  plate  in  the  Privy  Chamber  within  the 
saide  tyme,  as  by  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth 
appere,  with  37s.  paid  for  a  yarde  of  scarlet  for  tryming  of  instru- 
ments    -  -  -  -  -  -  _  -26     27 

Perfumes  of  sundry  kyndes  bought  and  provided  by  John  Wyn- 
yarde  and  John  Doden,  and  occupied  to  her  Majestie's  use,  within 
the  tyme  aforesaid,  as  by  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie, 
perticlerl y  apperith  -  -  -  -  _  -68     711 


A 

S. 

<& 

1 

6 

& 

78- 

0 

4 

6 

8 

0 

6 

13 

4 

15 

0 

0 

2 

4 

4 

268  ACCOUNT    OF   THE    GlUEEN's    PURSE,  FROM   1559    TO   156*9„ 

Binding  of  four  Books  for  the  Quene's  Majestie 

Joyner's  stufFe  and  Smythes  work  occupied  in  the  Privy  Cham- 
ber, and  otherwise  for  the  Quene's  Majestie's  use,  within  the  saide 
tyme,  as  in  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere    - 

Curtens  for  the  Privey  Chamber  - 

Paynting  work 

One  greate  sackbut  provided  for  the  Quene's  use 

And  for  velvett  skabberdes  and  knyves  - 

In  all,  as  in  the  saide  Book  of  payment,  signed  by  her  Majestie, 
perticelerly  doth  appere  -  ^8-S^79     8  6± 

Rewardes. 

Also  allowed  for  money  debursed  and  paide  by  the  said  John 
Tamworthe,  by  the  commandment  of  the  Queen's  Majestie,  to 
divers  and  sundrye  persones,  as  well  English  as  strangers,  at  sundry 
tymes  within  the  tyme  of  this  accompt,  as  of  her  Majestie's  re- 
wardes, as  in  the  said  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  perticlerly 
doth  appere         -  -  -  -  -  -  -  8400  11    1  ]  § 

Ridinge  Chardges. 

Also  allowed  for  money  paide  to  divers  persons  for  there  ryding 
chardges,  sent  about  the  Queene's  affaires,  within  the  tyme  of  this 
accompte;  viz.  to  John  Barnabye,  for  his  chardges  into  Flanders, 
in  Julie,  anno  quinto,  ^.8.  18.?.  6d. ;  to  William  Killegrewe,  for 
his  like  chardges  into  Flanders,  in  anno  quinto,  ,^.12. 

To  Mr.  Skipwith,  for  his  chardges  to  Dover  in  August  156*5, 
^.4 ;  and  to  John  Tamworth,  Esq.  for  the  chardges  of  himself 
and  servaunte,  beinge  sent  into  Scotland  for  her  Majestie's  service, 
in  July  1565,  ,^.61.  95.  2d. 

In  all,  as  in  the  saide  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere       86     7     8 

To  the  Quene's  Majestie's  owne  hands. 

Also  he  is  allowed  for  redye  monye  delivered  to  her  Majestie's 
owne  hands,  19th  of  April  1566,  in  a  crymsyn  taffata  purse,  in 
pieces  of  gold  of  the  Mylne  stamp,  as  in  the  said  Book,  signed  by 
her  Majestie,  doth  appere  -  -  -  -  -100     00 

Exchange  of  Silver  into  Gold. 

Also  he  is  allowed  for  the  exchandge  of  ,§£.3000  of  silver  into 
gold,  received  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  by  her  Majestie's 
warrante,  and  for  sending  of  the  same  to  Barwicke,  to  the  Earl  of 


ACCOUNT    OF    THE    aUEEN's    PURSE,  FROM  1559    TO  I569.  269 

Bedford,  in  Julie  1565,  as  in  the  Booke,  signed  by  her  Majestie,     £.  s.     d. 
doth  appere,        -  -  -  -  -  -  -13116 

Losse  in  sundry  Coynes  of  Gold  received  of  Newyeres  Gyfts. 

Also  he  is  allowed  for  loss  of  sundry  kinds  of  gold,  received 
at  a  higher  value  then  the  same  weare  uttered  for,  viz.  of  the  New- 
yeres gyftes  received  and  chardged  before — in  annis  tertio  &  quarto 
Phillippi  &  Mariae,  ^.30.  6s.  lod.;  quarto  &  quinto  dictorum 
nuper  Regis  et  Reginae  ,^.10.  3*.  4d.  j  &  anno  secundo  Dominae 
Elizabethae  Reginae,  g£.6.  9s.  In  all,  as  in  the  said  Book,  signed 
by  her  Majestie,  more  at  lardge  doth  appere,         -  -  -       46  19     2 

The  Toyle. 

Also  he  is  allowed  for  money  paid  to  divers  workmen,  in  July 
1566,  for  maiking  and  fynishing  75  clothes  for  the  Toyle,  as  by  the 
said  Book,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere,     -  -  -       66  IS     4 

Curinge  and  dressinge  of  the  Quene's  Horses. 

Also  he  is  allowed  for  money  paide  to  Martyn  Hollyman,  Mar- 
shell  Ferrer,  and  others,  for  curinge  and  dressing  of  the  Quene's 
Majesties  coursers,  horses,  and  geldings,  at  divers  tymes,  within  the 
tyme  of  this  accompt,  as  in  the  said  Book  doth  appere,      -  -       65    10     4 

Necessaries  for  the  Quene's  Majestie's  Deare. 

Also  allowed  for  money  paid  at  sundry  tymes,  viz.  to  George 
Nicholson,  Keeper  of  Grenwich  Parke,  for  hay,  oats,  and  other 
necesaries,  for  the  Deare  there,  ^.104.  18s.;  and  to  William  King, 
Keeper  of  Eltham  Parke,  and  to  Edmond  King,  Keeper  of  West- 
lands  in  Elthem,  for  mowing,  maiking,  and  carrying  of  hay,  for  the 
Deare  there,  ,^.40.  ,55.  8d.  In  all,  as  in  the  said  Book,  signed  by 
her  Majestie,  doth  appere,  -  -  -  -  -145     3     8 

Wages  of  Diettes.  

Also  he  is  allowed  for  money  paid  to  divers  persones,  for  there 
entertainment,  wage,  and  diettes,  to  them  given  and  granted  by  the 
Quene's  Majestie,  as  in  the  Book,  signed  by  her  Highness,  dothe 
appere,  viz. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Seintlowe,  the  27th  of  May,  anno  quinto  Reginae 
Elizabethae,  for  one  hole  yere's  wage,  ^.33.  6s.  8d. ;  and  the  29th 
of  Maie  1566,  by  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Dorothie,  as  of  the  Quene's 
Majestie's  re warde,  gg.26.  13*.  4d.  -  -  -  60     0     1 

Mrs.  Astley,  for  her  table  in  the  Quene's  absence  in  the  Pro- 
gresse  tyme,  the  6th  yeare  of  her  Majestie's  reign,  -  -     100     0     0 

Mrs.  Mary  Radclyff'e,  one  of  the  Madens  of  Honoure,  for  her 


270  ACCOUNT   OF   THE    ftUEEX's   PURSE,    FROM   1559    TO  I569. 

stipend  of  ^.40  per  ann.  for  two  years  and  a  half,  ended  at  the     ^.     s.     d. 
Annunciation  of  oure  Lady,  1569  -  100     0     0 

Mrs.  Jane,  late  one  of  the  Ladie  Marques's  women,  for  her 
wages,  at  gg.6.  13s.  4d.  per  ann.  during  pleasuer,  for  one  yere  ended 
at  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady,  1566*   -  -  -  -         6*134 

Mrs.  Taylor,  the  Quene's  Laundress,  for  her  wages,  at  ^.4  per 
ann.  for  one  yere  ended  at  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady,  156*8, 
with  ^£.6  paid  to  her  for  her  lyvery  gown  -  -  -        10     0     0 

Mrs.  Blaunche  Apparie,  28th  of  January  156*5,  for  the  Funerall 
of  Mr.  Vaughan  -  -  -  -  -  -20     00 

Marhe  Anthony,  Musicen,  for  a  pension  of  ^.15  to  him  granted, 
to  be  paid  quarertly,  for  sundry  yeres  ended  at  Christmas,  156*8     -       78   1 5     0 

Robert  Udall,  Cutler,  for  making  clean  of  the  Quene's  knyves,  at 
135.  4c?.  per  ann.  for  divers  yeres  ended  at  Michaelmas,  1568         ■  4     7     0 

Thomas  Preston,  Student  at  Cambridge,  for  his  Entertainment 
at  ^.20  per  ann.  for  five  yeres  ended  at  the  Annunciation  of  our 
Lady,  156*9         -  -*  -  -  -  -     100     0     0 

Robert  Astley,  for  his  fee,  at  Rd.  per  diem,  duringe  pleasure,  for 
sundrey  yeres  ended  at  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady,  1669  -       39   10   10 

Robert  Knolez,  Esquire,  for  his  wages  at  20/.  per  annum,  for 
two  yeres  and  three  quarters,  ended  at  the  Annunciation  of  our 
Lady,  156*9         -  -  -  -  -  -  55     0     0 

And  for  the  expenses  and  chardges  of  Robert  Grene,  the  Quene's 
Fool,  and  to  Nicholas  Knight  Smythe,  his  servant,  for  wage  and 
borde-wage  at  sundry  tymes  -  -  -  -  -       17     0     0 

In  all,  as  in  the  said  Book,  signed  by  the  Quene's  Majestie,  at 


lardge  doth  appere  ...  5^.591     6*     2 


Paiments  which  of  late  were   accustomed  to  be  paid  at  thoffice 

of  the  Great  Wardrobe. 

Also  the  saide  Accomptent  is  allowed  for  money  paid  by  the  said 
John  Tamworth,  by  commandment  of  the  Queue's  Majestie,  to 
divers  persones,  which  hearetofore  were  accostomable  paid  in  the 
said  office  for  sundry  necessaries  bought  and  provided  to  the 
Quene's  use,  from  the  8th  of  July,  anno  octavo  Reginae  Elizabethan, 
untill  the  23d  of  April,  anno  undecimo  ejusdem  Dominae  Regina?, 
on  which  day  the  said  John  Tamworth  deceased,  viz. 

To  Alice  Mountague,  the  Quene's  Majestie's  Silk-woman,  for 
sun  dry  ie  nescesaries  by  her  delivered  to  her  Majestie's  use,  within 
the  time  aforesaid  -  -  -  -  -  -     7°2  11     0| 


ACCOUNT    OF   THE    Q.UE EN'S    PURSE,    FROM   1559    TO  156*9. 

David  Smyth,  Embroderer      - 
William  Middleton,  Embroderer 
Robert  Careles,  Pynner  -■  •■  r 

Raphel  Hamonde,  Capper        - 
Thomas  Grene,  Coffer-maker  - 

Gilbert  Pollison,  Locksmythe  ---',.- 

Peter  Trender,  Goldsmythe,  for  repayringe  and  mending  the 

Quene's  jeweles  ------- 

Garred  Johnson,  Showmaker  - 

Henry  Heme,  the  Quene's  Hosier        _  -  -  - 

Mrs.  Croxon  and  Mrs.  Palmer,  for  launde  and  others  for  her 
Majestie  ____--- 

Mrs.  Launder,  for  5 20  pearles  for  the  Quene's  use,  at  id.  apece, 
with  61.  for  her  half  yeres  wages  for  translating  the  Quene's 
perllets  ____--- 

Silkes  bought  of  sundry  persons  to  the  Quene's  Majestie's  use    - 

Gold  lase  bought  by  Walter  Fisher,  the  Queue's  Taylor,  for  her 
Majestie's  use      -  -  -  -  ■  ■- 

Thomas  Ludwell,  Taillor,  for  apparel  land  other  necessaries,  for 
Robert  Grene,  the  Quene's  Foole,  and  Nicholas  Knyghte  Smyth, 
his  servent  -  -  -  -  ,   -    • 

William  Wytwell,  Taylor        - 

Raphe  Hope,  of  the  Warderobe,  for  flannel  bought  for  the 
Quene    -  _,_ 

Thomas  Pullyver,  Draper,  for  clothe  to  the  Quene's  use 

For  necesaries  bought  for  Mrs.  Anne  Knowlez 

And  to  Mrs.  Taylor,  the  Quene's  Laundress,  for  one  hole  yere's 
wages,  ended  at  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady,  1569 

In  all,  paid  within  the  tyme  aforesaid,  with  ^£.156  paid  in  part, 
viz.  to  Alice  Montague,  silk-woman,  ^.140;  Thomas  Grene, 
Coffer-maker,  ^g.6 ;  and  to  Raphel  Hamond,  Capper,  ^8.10;  to  be 
defaulted  upon  there  next  paies,  as  in  one  Ledger-book,  contayning 
the  said  particular  payment,  doth  appere  ;  which  payment  was 
allowed  and  entered  in  grosse  in  five  severall  places  in  the  Book 
signed  by  her  Majestie    - 

Money  prested  to  sondrie  persones  ;  viz. 

ToThomas  Weldon,  Esq.  late  Cofferer  of  the  Quene's  Majestie's 
Houshold,  by  her  Majestie's  comaundyment,  the  25th  of  September, 


A 

s. 

d. 

203 

15 

7 

25 

11 

11 

127 

8 

9 

6*8 

1 

6 

130 

0 

10 

85 

9 
0 

10 

32 

15 

10 

5 

7 

2 

11 

7 

10 

38     6     8 


8 
101 


3     4 
14      2 


32  10     0 


111 

13 

9 

1 

12 

0 

2 

1 

8 

2 

7 

6 

1 

6' 

8 

0      0 


-  l86'4  19  10^ 


272  ACCOUNT   OF    THE    GLUEEN's    PURSE,  FROM  1559    TO  156a. 

anno  tercioDominae  Elizabethae  Reginae, the  some  of^.1001. 1*.  8c?.      ^R,.   s.     d. 

as  in  the  particular  booke  of  payment  signed  by   her  Majestie 

amongst  others  doth  appere;  with  which  some  of  ^.1001.  Is.  Sd. 

the  said  Thomas  Welddon  is  chardged  in  his  accompte,  determyned 

for  one  hole  yeare,  ended  the  last  daie  of  September,  anno  tercio 

Reginae  predictae,  as  by  the  certificate  of  Thomas  Morryson,  De- 

putie  Gierke  of  the  Pype  of  the  Exchequer,  dothe  appere  -  1001      1     8 

Humfrey  Spencer,  Grocer,  the  28th  of  September,  anno  sexto 
Reginae  predictae,  by  her  Majestie's  comandement,  for  soche  her 
Highness's  affaires  as  to  him  was  comitted,  as  by  the  said  Book, 
signed  by  her  Majestie,  doth  appere  -  -  -     •        -100     00 

Richard  Stoweley,  one  of  the  Tellers  of  the  Receipt  of  the  Ex- 
chequer, the  lSth  day  of  January,  anno  quinto  Reginae  predictae, 
the  some  of  three  thousand  pounds,  to  be  by  him  paide  over  to 
Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Knight,  as  parcell  of  a  warrent  under  the 
privie  seal  for  ,^.12,000,  which  said  some  of  ^.3, 000  was  as  money 
lent  to  the  Lorde  Treasurer ;  whereof  the  said  John  Tamworth 
was  repaid,  the  7th  daie  of  March  following,  ^.500  ;  which,  as 
in  the  same  Book,  signed  by  her  Majestie,  is  mentioned,  and  so 
here  allowed  but  ______  2500     0     0 

The  Lorde  William  Howarde,  Lorde  Chamberlen,  the  21st  of 
July,  anno  sexto  Reginae  predictae,  as  money  lent  to  him  by  the 
Quene's  Majestie,  to  be  repaid  to  her  Highness's  pleasure,  as  in  the 
said  Book  is  mensioned   -  -     200     0     0 

The  Righte  Honorable  Frauncis  Earle  of  Bedfourde,  late  Lieute- 
nnte  of  the  Towne  of  Barwicke,  by  thandes  of  Henry  Lylgrave  his 
saruante,  the  18th  daie  of  September,  156*5,  to  be  by  him  em- 
ployed aboute  the  Quene's  Ma^  affaires  there,  as  in  the  said  Booke, 
signed  by  her  Matie,  doth  appere  -  -  -  -  3000     0     0 

Sr  Henry  Norris,  Knighte,  the  Quene's  Maty  Embassador  re- 
siaunte  in  Fraunce,  by  the  handes  of  Anthony  Bridges,  in  Maie 
1568,  for  provision  of  cariadge  moyles  for  her  Highnes  caryadge, 
as  in  the  saide  Booke,  signed  by  her  Matie,  is  contayned    -  -     210     0     0 

And  also,  the  said  Accomptaunte  is  allowed  the  some  of  fyve 
thousande  poundes  for  money  before  chardged  in  this  accompte,  as 
receaved  by  the  said  John  Tameworthe  out  of  her  Mat's  Privie 
Treasoure,  by  the  delivery  of  the  Righte  Honorable  Sr  WilVm  Cecill, 
Knighte,  Principall  Secretarie  to  her  Matie,  to  be  by  him  deliu'ed  to 
thearle  of  Murrey  of  Scotlande  upon  his  bill  obligatorie  for  repay- 
mente  thereof  to  her  Maty  now  before  the  firste  of  Novemb',  the 
eleventh  yeare  of  her  Mat's  reigne,  as  by  warr*  under  the  signete, 
bearinge  date  at  Westm'  the  laste  of  February,  anno  predco,  to  the 


ACCOUNT    OF    THE    QAJEEN'S    PURSE,  FROM    1559    TO    I569.  273 

saide  Jo.  Tameworth  in  that  behaulfe  directed  doth  appere;  for  wch  g£.  s.  d. 
some  the  said  Accomptaunte  upon  this  accompte  dothe  showe  one 
bill  obligatorie,  made  under  thande  and  seale  of  the  said  Earle  of 
Murrey,  bearing  date  at  Westm',  the  l8  daie  of  January,  in  the 
yeare  of  our  Lorde  God  one  thousande  fyue  hnndred  threescore  and 
eighte,  wheareby  the  saide  Earle  doth  not  onely  acknowledge  the 
receipte  of  the  said  some  of  ,§£.5000  of  her  Matie,  by  thandes  of  the 
saide  JohnTameworthe,  but  also  bindeth  himself  to  repaie  the  same 
to  her  Ma*'5  use  in  mannor  and  forme  as  followeth  :  that  is  to  saie, 
,^.2500  at  or  before  the  18th  of  June  nexte  and  ymediately  fol- 
lowing the  date  of  the  saide  wrytinge  obligatorie,  and  thother 
^.2500  at  or  before  the  firste  of  November  nexte  and  ymediately 
followinge,  as  in  the  said  writinge  obligatorie  upon  this  accompte 
perused  and  seene  doth  appere     -  5000     0     0 


1  ^.12,041      1      8 


Some  of  all  the  saide  payments  and  allowances  -  26,701   13   10|- 

And  so  the  said  Accomptaunte  is  in  surpluss     -  -  26*     8     8^ 

Wherunto  is  added,  as  money  by  the  saide  Accomptaunte  demanded  in  allow- 
aunce  for  the  wages  and  charges  of  one  clarke  at  12d.  per  diem,  sarvinge  in  the 
said  office  under  the  saide  John  Tameworthe,  from  the  13th  daie  of  September, 
in  anno  tercio  Dominae  Elizabeth  Reginae,  untill  the  24th  of  Aprill,  anno  undecimo 
Reginae  predictae,  contayning  seuen  yeares  and  a  hauf,  and  38  daies,  amounting 
to  the  some  of  ^.138.  15*.  6d.  for  whiche  he  is  allowed  upon  declaracon  herof 
but  ^.100  ;  and  then  the  surplussage  is  -  -     ^£.126.  8s.  8%d. 

Winchester  2. 
Fra.  Mildmay3. 
Exd  p  me,  Jacobum  Lorde  4,  Baron*. 
Exd  p  Henry  Hamby,  Audit'5. 

*  The  sum  total,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  copying  articles  of  this  nature,  is  a  little  difFerent'from 
the  several  items.     See  p.  281. 

*  William  Paulet,  Marquis  of  Winchester,  was  appointed  Lord  High  Treasurer  in  1551 ;  and  had 
held  that  important  office  till  1572. 

5  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer. 

*  James  Lorde  was  appointed  a  Baron  of  the  Exchequer  in  1565. 
s  From  Harleian  Rolls,  A  A.  23. 


VOL.  I.  2  N 


274  THE    Q.UEEN    IN    BUCKINGHAMSHIRE    AND    OXFORDSHIRE,    I57O, 

1570. 

April  10.     The  Queen  was  at  her  Honour  of  Hampton. 

Norden,  speaking  of  Hampton  Court  about  this  period,  says,  "  It  is  admir- 
able to  consider  the  mighty  and  huge  buildings,  and  the  multitude  of  brick 
there  disposed ;  but  more  admirable  to  waye  the  founder,  his  person,  state,  and 
wealth;  but  in  those  days,  men  of  his  place,  howsoever,  [Jure  an  injuria1^ 
gathered  where  they  strewed  not,  reaped  where  they  sowed  not  [and  received  and 
enacted  where,  when,  what,  and  of  whom  they  listed,  what  they  ....],  and  so 
grew  to  wealth  infinite  [to  gredyness  insatiable].  But  as  this  kingly  mansion 
[was  an  unsemely]  was  a  seat  beseeming  a  more  worthy  person,  it  came  to  a  Prince 
fit  for  the  place,  renowned  King  Henry  VIII.  and  now  is  our  most  gracious  Queen 
Elizabeth's  ;  who  God  grant  may  grace  it  with  her  prosperous  life,  Enoch's  years, 
if  Jehovah  please  so  to  vouchsafe  2  !" 

July  19.     The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  Cheynes  3. 

Aug.  30.     The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  Rycot4. 

A  nameless  correspondent  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  thus  writes  :  "  Thei  say  my 
-Lord  of  Leceter  hathe  many  workemen  at  Kyllingeworthe  to  make  his   howse 
stronge,  and  doth  furnish  it  with  armour,  munition,  and  all  necessaries  for  de- 
fence.   And  thus  Jesus  have  my  Lord,  and  your  L.  and  my  frendes,  in  his  tuition, 
to  Gode's  pleasure.     Scribeled  at  London,  the  last  of  August  1570." 

Nov.  17.     The  Queen's  Birth-day  was  kept  with  extraordinary  solemnity5. 

1  The  words  between  crotchets  are  crossed  over  in  the  original. 
9  From  a  MS.  in  the  British  Museum. 

*  The  seat  of  Francis  Russel,  second  Earl  of  Bedford,  and  the  Queen's  Ambassador  to  France 
and  Scotland,  who  died  15S3,  and  was  buried  here. 

4  See  before,  p.  250. 

5  This  year  had  been  ushered  in  with  the  following  verses  by  Dr.  Thomas  Wilson : 

"  Ecce !  duodecimus  Regni  nunc  incipit  annus ; 

Quern  Tibi,  quem  Regno  det  Deus  esse  sacrum. 
Hactenus  est  series  felix,  talisque  videtur 

Qualis  in  Elysiis  dicitur  esse  locis. 
Quae  superest  series  sit  par,  vel  laetior  esto, 

Si  modo  fata  dari  prosperiora  queant. 
Talis  es,  ut  merito  valeas,  regnesque  beata, 

Regno  nempe  tuo  stella  salutis  ades, 
Nescio  si  Dea  sis,  mihi  numen  habere  videris, 

Tam  bene  nos  Anglos  Diva  benigna  regis. 


THE    GIUEEN'S    VISIT   TO    SIR    THOMAS    GRESHAM,   1570-1.  275 

Jan.  23,  1570-I,  Queen  Elizabeth  came  from  her  house  in  Somerset-place, 
to  dine  with  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  in  Bishopsgate-street,  and  gave  name  to  the 
Royal  Exchange *. 

About  Candelmas,  Sir  Thomas  Sackville,  Baron  of  Buckhurst,  was  sent  in 
Ambassage  from  the  Queene's  Majestie  to  Charles  the  Ninth  French  King,  as  well 
to  congratulate  for  his  marriage  with  the  daughter  of  the  Emperour  Maximilian, 
as  for  other  weightie  affaires.  And  as  his  Ambassage  was  great,  so  was  his 
charge  no  lesse  in  furnishing  himselfe  and  traine  accordinglie,  being  both  in  num- 
ber and  furniture  such  in  everie  point  as  did  apperteine ;  and  his  receiving  and 
interteinement  in  France  by  the  King  and  others  was  agreeable  thereto,  for  he 
was  received  upon  the  coast  by  the  Governours  of  the  fortified  Townes  right 
honorablie  by  order  from  the  King.  Among  other,  the  Baron  of  Bournoisell 
was  one,  who,  being  verie  well  mounted  and  appointed,  left  not  his  Lordship 
before  he  came  to  the  Court ;  and  from  thense  accompanied  him  backe  untill  his 
imbarkement  homewards. 

In  the  maine  countries  he  was  accompanied  with  the  Governours  and  Nobles 
of  the  places  about.  And  in  the  good  Townes  where  he  passed,  he  was  presented 
by  the  Chiefe  Magistrates,  wherein  their  good  wils  were  to  be  thankefullie 
accepted,  though  his  Lordship's  rewards  far  overvalued  their  presents.  At  his 
approch  neere  to  Paris  he  was  incountred  on  the  waie  for  courtesie  sake,  by  two 

Quod  si  sola  potes  sine  sensu  vivere  mortis, 

Sola  sis,  seternum  vivere  digna  solo. 
Sed  licet  ex  coelo  es,  mortali  in  corpore  vivis, 

Ortaque  temporibus,  tempore  currcta  cadunt. 
Pignore  sed  vives  ter  felix  Mater  adulto, 
Sic  potes  ajternum  vivere  Diva,  Vale." 
And  in  the  conclusion  of  the  year,  when  the  threatening  dangers  were  blown  over,  and  the  Queen 
and  the  Realm  still  safe,  it  was  thought  convenient,  that  there  should  be  a  public  thanksgiving  cele- 
brated, and  sermons  in  churches,  ringing  of  bells,  tilting,  with  all  the  extraordinary  signs  of  joy  and 
triumph.     This  was  done  on  the  17th  day  of  November,  being  the  day  of  her  entrance  on  her  King- 
dom.    And  from  this  period  the  nation  began  yearly  to  keep  that  same  day  with  solemnity,  during 
her  long  reign  ;  and  which  was  continued  indeed  long  after,  and  called  by  some,  the  "  Birth-day  of 
the  Gospel."     See  Strype. 

1  In  the  Churchwarden's  Accompts  of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster,  are  two  entries  to  the  Ringers  in 
1570-1,  "  when  the  Queen  went  to  the  Bourse,"  the  name  given  to  the  Royal  Exchange  in  the  Queen's 
presence  ;  and  "  when  she  went  to  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's." — Of  this  worthy  Merchant,  who  was  then 
her  Majesty's  Agent  at  Antwerp,  see  under  the  year  1578. 


2J6  SIR    THOMAS    SACKVILLE's    ENTERTAINMENT    IN    FRANCE,   I57O-I. 

Marquesses  of  Trans  and  Saluces  ;  this  being  of  the  House  of  Savoie,  and  the 
other  of  the  worthie  familie  of  Foir.  These  wanted  not  such  as  accompanied 
them,  and  the  same  even  of  the  best  sort.  At  the  Lord  Ambassador's  first  audi- 
ence, which  was  at  the  Castell  of  Madrill,  otherwise  called  Bullogne,  neere  Paris 
(where  the  King  then  Iaie)  ;  the  Queene's  Almane  coches,  verie  bravelie  furnished, 
were  sent  to  Paris  for  him,  in  one  of  the  which  his  Lordship,  with  the  Marquesse. 
of  Trans,  rode  towards  the  Court,  verie  narrowlie  escaping  from  a  shrewd  turne 
and  great  mischance,  by  reason  the  same  coch  was  overthrowen  by  the  Dutch 
wagoners  their  negligence,  who  in  a  braverie  gallopping  the  field  made  an  over 
short  turne,  wherewith  the  Marques  was  sore  bruised. 

The  Lord  Ambassador  at  his  arrivall  at  the  place  was  right  honorablie  received, 
he  was  banketted  by  diverse,  and  that  verie  sumptuouslie:  which  by  him  was  not 
left  unrequited  to  the  uttermost,  and  rather  with  the  better.  For  his  liberalitie 
unto  the  French  was  verie  large,  but  his  reward  at  the  King's  hands  was  only  a 
chaine  waieng  a  thousand  French  crownes.  At  that  present  there  was  a  great 
dearth  and  scarsitie  of  vittels  in  France.  The  river  of  Saine,  that  runneth  through 
Paris,  was  not  passable  with  vessels,  by  reason  of  the  great  frosts :  and  thereby 
not  onelie  all  kind  of  vittels,  but  also  haie  and  wood  hard  to  come  by,  and  not  to 
be  had  but  at  excessive  prices,  the  countrie  thereabouts  having  before  beene  sore 
harried  and  spoiled  by  the  civill  tumults.  By  reason  whereof,  not  onlie  the  Lord 
of  Buckhurst  for  the  space  he  remained  there,  but  also  Sir  Henrie  Norrice  (now 
Lord  Norrice),  and  Maister  Francis  Walsingham,  her  Majesties  Ambassadors, 
ligiers  succesivelie,  were  driven  to  an  increase  in  expenses,  paieng  for  everie  thing 
they  bought  an  higher  price  than  ordinarilie  had  been  accustomed.  After  that 
the  Lord  Buckhurst  had  beene  feasted  and  banketted  by  the  King,  and  other  of 
the  French  Nobilitie,  and  had  accomplished  the  points  of  his  ambassage,  he  tooke 
leave  of  the  King,  and  departed  homewards,  arriving  here  in  England  a  little 
before  Easter. 

1571- 

The  first,  the  second,  and  the  third  of  Maie,  1571,  was  holden  at  Westminster, 
before  the  Queene's  Majestie,  a  solemne  Just  at  the  tilt,  tourneie,  and  barriers.  The 
Chalengers  were  Edward  Earle  of  Oxford,  Charles  Howard,  Sir  Henrie  Lee,  and 
Christopher  Hatton,  Esquier,  who  all  did  verie  valiantlie  ;  but  the  chiefe  honour 
was  given  to  the  Earle  of  Oxford  1. 

1  Holinshed,  vol.  III.  p.  1225. 


JUSTS    AT   WESTMINSTER,  AT   THE    TILT,   1571.  277 

The  eighteenth  of  June,  in  Trinitie  Terme,  there  was  a  Combat  appointed  to 
have  beene  fought  for  a  certeine  manour  and  demaine  lands  belonging  thereunto, 
in  the  He  of  Hartie,  adjoining  to  the  lie  of  Shepeie  in  Kent1.  Simon  Low  and 
John  Kime  were  plaintifs,  and  had  brought  a  writ  of  right  against  Thomas  Para- 
more,  who  offered  to  defend  his  right  by  battell.  Whereupon  the  plaintifs  afore- 
said accepted  to  answer  his  challenge,  offering  likewise  to  defend  their  right  to  the 
same  manour  and  lands ;  and  to  prove  by  battell,  that  Paramore  had  no  right  nor 
good  title  to  have  the  same  manour  and  lands.  Hereupon  the  said  Thomas  Para- 
more brought  before  the  Judges  of  the  Common  Plees  at  Westminster,  one. 
George  Thorne,  a  big,  broad,  strong  set  fellow  ;  and  the  plaintifs  Henrie  Nailer, 
Master  of  defense,  and  servant  to  the  Right  Honourable  the  Earle  of  Leicester, 
a  proper,  slender  man,  and  not  so  tall  as  the  other.  Thorne  cast  downe  a  gantlet, 
which  Nailer  tooke  up,  upon  the  Sundaie  before  the  battell  should  be  tried.  On 
the  next  morow,  the  matter  was  staied,  and  the  parties  agreed,  that  Paramore 
being  in  possession  shuld  have  the  land,  and  was  bound  in  five  hundred  pounds  to 
consider  the  plaintifs,  as  upon  hearing  the  matter  the  Judges  should  award.  The 
Queene's  Majestie  abhoreing  bloudshed,  and  (as  the  poet  verie  well  saith) 

"  Tristia  sanguinei  devitans  prselia  campi," 

was  the  taker-up  of  the  matter  in  this  wise.  It  was  thought  good,  that  for  Para- 
more's  assurance,  the  order  should  be  kept  touching  the  Combat,  and  that  the 
plaintifs  Low  and  Kime  should  make  default  of  appearance;  but  that  yet  such 
as  were  suerties  for  Nailer  their  Champion's  appearance,  should  bring  him  in  ;  and 
likewise  those  that  were  suerties  for  Thorne,  should  bring  in  the  same  Thorne  in 
discharge  of  their  band  :  and  that  the  Court  should  sit  in  Tuthill-fields,  where 
was  prepared  one  plot  of  ground,  of  one  and  twentie  yards  square,  double  railed, 
for  the  combat.  Without  the  West  square  a  stage  being  set  up  for  the  Judges, 
representing  the  Court  of  the  Common  Plees. 

1  This  curious  and  circumstantial  detail,  the  latest  perhaps  of  the  kind  upon  record  in  our  history, 
is  thus  referred  to  by  Bishop  Hurd  :  "  We  have  little  obligation  to  the  spirit  of  chivalry,  if  it  were 
only  that  it  produced,  or  encouraged  at  least,  and  hath  now  entailed  upon  us,  the  curse  of  duelling  ; 
which  even  yet  domineers  in  the  fashionable  world,  in  spite  of  all  that  wit,  and  reason,  and  religion 
itself,  have  done  to  subdue  it.  'Tis  true,  at  present  this  law  of  arms  is  appealed  to  only  in  the  case  of 
some  high  point  of  nice  and  mysterious  honour.  But  in  the  happier  days  you  celebrate,  it  was  called 
in  aid,  on  common  occasions.  Even  questions  of  right  and  property,  you  know,  were  determined  at 
the  barriers :  and  brute  force  was  allowed  the  most  equitable,  as  well  as  shortest,  way  of  deciding  all 
disputes  both  concerning  a  man's  estate  and  honour."     Moral  and  Political  Dialogues,  vol.  I.  p.  184. 


278  COMBAT   APPOINTED    IN    TUTHILL-FIELDS,  I57I. 

All  the  compasse  without  the  lists  was  set  with  scaffolds  one  above  another,  for 
people  to  stand  and  behold.  There  were  behind  the  square  where  the  Judges  sat, 
two  tents,  the  one  for  Nailer,  the  other  for  Thorne.  Thorne  was  there  in  the 
morning  timelie,  Nailer  about  seaven  of  the  clocke  came  thorough  London,  appa- 
relled in  a  dublet,  and  gallie  gascoine  breeches,  all  of  crimsin  sattin,  cut  and 
rased,  a  hat  of  blacke  velvet,  with  a  red  feather  and  band,  before  him  drums  and 
fifes  plaieng.  The  gantlet  cast  downe  by  George  Thorne  was  borne  before  the 
said  Nailer  upon  a  sword's  point,  and  his  baston  (a  staffe  of  an  ell  long,  made 
taper  wise,  tipt  with  home)  with  his  shield  of  hard  leather  was  borne  after  him, 
by  Askam,  a  Yeoman  of  the  Queene's  Gard.  He  came  into  the  Palace  at  West- 
minster, and  staieng  not  long  before  the  Hall-doore,  came  backe  into  the  King's- 
street,  and  so  long  thorough  the  Sanctuarie  and  Tuthill-street,  into  the  field  ; 
where  he  staied  till  past  nine  of  the  clocke,  and  then  Sir  Jerome  Bowes  brought 
him  to  his  tent :  Thorne  being  in  the  tent  with  Sir  Henrie  Chenie  long  before. 

About  ten  of  the  clocke,  the  Court  of  Common  Plees   removed,  and  came  to 
the  place  prepared.     When  the  Lord  Chiefe  Justice,  with  two  other  his  associats, 
were  set,  then  Low  was  called  solemnlie  to  come  in,   or  else  to  lose  his  writ  of 
right.     Then,  after  a  certeine  time,  the  suerties  of  Henrie  Nailer  were  called  to 
bring  in  the  said  Nailer,  Champion  for  Simon  Low.     And  shortlie  thereupon  Sir 
Jerome  Bowes,  leading  Nailer  by  the  hand,  entred  with  him  the  lists,  bringing 
him  downe  that  square  by  which  he  entred,  being  on  the  left  hand  of  the  Judges, 
and  so  about  till  he  came  to  the  next  square,  just  against  the  Judges ;  and  there 
making  courtesie,  first  with   one  leg,  and  then  with  the  other,  passed  foorth  till 
he  came  to  the  middle  of  the  place,  and  then  made  the  like  obeisance,  and  so 
passing  till  they  came  to  the   barre,  there  he   made  the   like  courtesie,  and  his 
shield  was  held  up  aloft  over  his  head.  Nailer  put  off  his  netherstocks,  and  so  bare- 
foot and  bare-legged,  save  his  silk  scavilones  to  the  ankles,  and  his  dublet  sleeves 
tied  up  above  the  elbow,  and  bare-headed,  came  in  as  is  aforesaid.     Then   were 
the  suerties  of  George  Thorne  called  to  bring  in  the  same  Thorne :  and  imme- 
diately Sir  Henrie  Cheineie  entering  at  the  upper  end,  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
Judges,  used  the  like  order  in  comming  about  by  his  side,  as  Nailer  had  before  on 
that  other  side  :  and   so  comming  to  the  barre  with   like  obeisance,  held  by  his 
shield,  proclamation  was  made  in  forme  as  followeth  :  "  The  Justices  command, 
in  the  Queen's  Majesties  name,  that  no  person  of  what  estate,  degree,  or  condi- 
tion that  he  be,  being  present,  to  be  so  hardy  to  give  any  token  or  signe,  by 


CONTEST    APPOINTED    IN    TUTHILL-FIELDS,   1571.  279 

countenance,  speech,  or  language,  eyther  to  the  proover  or  to  the  defender, 
whereby  the  one  of  them  may  take  advantage  of  the  other :  and  no  person 
remoove,  but  still  keepe  his  place :  and  that  every  person  and  persons  keepe  their 
staves  and  their  weapons  to  themselves :  and  suffer  neither  the  said  proover  nor 
defender  to  take  any  of  their  weapons  or  any  other  thing,  that  may  stand  either 
to  the  sayd  proover  or  defender  any  availe,  upon  paine  of  forfeiture  of  landes, 
tenements,  goods,  chattels,  and  imprisonment  of  their  bodies,  and  making  fine 
and  rauosome  at  the  Queen's  pleasure. 

Then  was  the  proover  to  be  sworne  in  forme,  as  folio weth  : 
"  This  heare,  you  Justices,  that  I  have  this  day  neither  eate,  drunke,  nor  have 
upon  me  either  bone,  stone,  ne  glasse,  or  any  inchantment,  sorcerie,  or  witchcraft, 
where-through  the  power  of  the  word  of  God  might  be  inleased  or  diminished, 
and  the  divel's  power  increased  :  and  that  my  appeale  is  true,  so  helpe  me  God 
and  his  Saints,  and  by  this  booke." 

After  all  this  solemne  order  was  finished,  the  Lord  Chiefe  Justice  rehearsing  the 
maner  of  bringing  the  writ  of  right  by  Simon  Low,  of  the  answer  made  there- 
unto by  Paramore,  of  the  proceeding  therein,  and  how  Paramore  had  challenged 
to  defend  his  right  to  the  land  by  battell,  by  his  Champion  Thomas  Thorne,  and 
of  the  accepting  the  triall  that  was  by  Low  with  his  Champion  Henrie  Nailer: 
and  then,  for  default  of  appearance  in  Low,  he  adjudged  the  land  to  Paramore, 
and  dismissed  the  Champion,  acquiting  the  suerties  of  their  bands.  He  also 
willed  Henrie  Nailer  to  render  againe  to  George  Thorne  his  gantlet.  Whereto 
the  said  Nailer  answered,  that  his  Lordship  might  command  him  anie  thing,  but 
willinglie  he  wold  not  render  the  said  gantlet  to  Thorne  except  he  could  win  it. 
And  further  he  challenged  the  said  Thorne  to  play  with  him  halfe  a  score  blowes, 
to  shew  some  pastime  to  the  Lord  Chiefe  Justice,  and  to  the  other  there  assem- 
bled. But  Thorne  answered,  that  he  came  to  fight,  and  would  not  plaie.  Then 
the  Lord  Chiefe  Justice,  commending  Nailer  for  his  valiant  courage,  commanded 
them  both  quietlie  to  depart  the  field,  &c. 

"  We  shall  find  the  Queen  this  Summer  in  her  Progress  into  Essex'." 
On  the  7th  of  August  the  Queen  was  at  Hatfield  ;  and  on  the  2d  of  September 
at  Audley  End,  then  called  Audley  Inn. 

1  Burghley's  Diary. 


280  THE    QUEEN    AT   AUDLEY    END,  15/1. 

Extract  from  the  Corporation  Accompt-book  of  Saffron  Walden  ' : 

"1571.  The  Progres  and  corny  nge  of  the  most  excellent  Prynces  and  our  moste 
gratious  and  Soveraygne  Ladye  Elyzabeth,  by  the  grace  of  God,  Quene  of  England, 
Ffrance,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the  Fayth,  &c.  to  Awdlens  the  lath  of  Auguste, 
in  the  thirtenth  year  of  her  most  gratious  Raygne,  in  the  yere  of  our  Lord  God 
1571,  James  Woodhall,  Treasorer  of  the  Towne  of  Walden,  Willfh  Aylevvard . 
and  Thomas  Turner,  Chamberlyns,  which  Treasorer,  with  the  Recorder,  and  as 
many  as  has  bene  Treasorers,  upon  their  foteclothes,  rode  with  the  residew  of  the 
Assistants  accompanyed,  and  the  Compyneys  on  fote,  to  the  furthest  parte  of 
their  bounds,  there  all  knelynge,  the  Recorder  made  an  Oracion,  wch  ended,  the 
Treasorer  delyvered  hys  present  as  foloweth,  and  afterward,  mounted  upon  his 
horse,  he  rode  before  her  Matie  with  his  mace  to  the  Hall  dore  3 :  there  the  Quene 
extended  her  hand  to  the  Treasorer  to  kysse,  gave  hym  thanks  for  hys  payns  and 
soe  he  toke  hys  leave. 

"  The  Expences  thearof  bestowed  by  the  Treasorer. 

"  To  the  Quene's  Majestie  a  cupp  of  silver  doble  gilt,  with  a  cover, 
weying  46  ounzes,  at  8*.  the  ounze,  and  a  case  to  put  it  in,  given  to  ^g.    s.    d. 
her  Majsti8  a  presente  -  -  -  -  -  -   1Q 

To  the  Quene's  Fotemen  -  -  -  - 

To  the  Serjeaunt  at  Armes  -  -  - 

To  the  Quene's  Porters      ___--- 

To  the  Trumpeters  _!____ 

To  the  Fflagoners  - ,  -  - 

To  the  Clerke  of  the  Market  for  him  and  his  thre  men,  horse  meat 
and  man's  meat  for  3  days,  6**.  10c?.  3 
For  his  fee 
To  the  Knighte  Marshall's  Man    ----- 

To  the  Postman    ----- 

To  the  Fotemen  of  the  Coche  &  Wagyns  - 

To  the  Surveyor  of  the  Wayes      -  -  - 

*  Communicated  by  the  Hon.  Richard  Neville,  Dec.  <21,  1821. 

'  "  The  Hall  Dore"  at  which  "  the  Treasorer  toke  hys  leave"  was  perhaps  belonging  to  the  Monas- 
tery ;  for  the  Audley  End  estates  were  then  the  property  of  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  who  was  a  minor, 
but  afterwards  became  Earl  of  Suffolk,  and  built  the  present  house  between  the  years  1603  and  1616. 

3  This  sum  of  6s.  lOd.  is  a  bye-charge,  and  not  sumed  in  this  account. 


3 

0 

20 

0 

20 

0 

20 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

10 

0 

5 

0 

5 

0 

5 

0 

2 

6 

0 

8 

5 

0 

6 

8 

3 

6 

10 

0 

.29     8 

0 

THE    aUEEN's    PROGRESS    IN    ESSEX   AND   HERTS,  1571-  28 1 

S.     d. 

To  the  Purveyor  for  Wood  - 

To  my  L.  of  Leyester's  men  for  a  reward 

To  the  Purveyor  for  beare,  a  pottle  of  wine 

To  Thomas  Martyn,  for  the  charge  of  two  of  the  gard  who  came  to 
know  the  state  of  the  Towne  -  -  -  -  -  5     8 

Ffor  3  sugar-loves,  presented  to  my  L.  of  Leyester,  my  L.  Burleigh, 
and  Sir  Thomas  Smyth1        -  -  -  -  -  _  -         37     8 

To  Willfft  Woodhall  and  Willm  Runham  for  their  charge  to  Hamp- 
ton Court,  to  speak  with  Sir  Thomas  Smyth l,  for  3  dayes 

To  the  Black  Gard  ______ 

To  Sir  Thomas  Benger  a  podd  of  oysters  - 

To  George  La  we,  John  Benbrigg,  and  Thomas  Thurge,  for  caryng 
of  the  Quenes  Ires  to  the  Court         - 

Suma2  Expens ^£.29 

In  the  same  Accompt-book  occurs  also  the  following  entry : 
"  1567.     The  Cup  of  Silver  gyven  by  Sir  Thomas  Smyth  to  the  Towne  of 
Walden,  did  way,  the  5th  of  October  1567,  30  ounces  and  a  quarter3." 
On  the  5th  of  September  the  Queen  was  at  Horeham  Hall 4. 

1  "  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  Knight,  was  born  and  educated  at  Saffron  Walden  ;  and  bred  in  Queen's 
Colledge  in  Cambridge,  where  such  was  his  proficiency  in  learning,  that  he  was  chosen  out  by  Henry 
the  Eighth  to  be  sent  over,  and  brought  up  beyond  the  seas.  It  was  fashionable  in  that  age,  that 
pregnant  Students  were  maintained  on  the  cost  of  the  State,  to  be  Merchants  for  experience  in  forraign 
parts ;  whence  returning  home  with  their  gainfull  adventures,  they  were  preferred  (according  to  the 
improvement  of  their  time)  to  offices  in  their  own  country.  Well  it  were  if  this  good  old  custome 
were  resumed ;  for  if,  where  God  hath  given  talents,  men  would  give  but  pounds,  I  mean  encourage 
hopefull  abilities  with  helpfull  maintenance,  able  persons  would  never  be  wanting,  and  poor  men  with 
great  parts  would  not  be  excluded  the  line  of  prefermmt.  He  was  afterwards  Secretary  of  State  to 
Cjueen  Elizabeth,  and  a  grand  benefactor  to  both  Universities,  as  I  have  formerly  [declared  at  large.  He 
died  in  1597."  Fuller.— We  shall  meet  with  Sir  Thomas  Smith  again  under  the  Progress  of  1575. 

a  The  figures  in  the  MS.  are  so  difficult  to  decipher,  that  it  is  not  easy  to  reconcile  the  sum  total 
with  the  different  items.     A  similar  circumstance  occurs  before  j  see  p.  273. 

3  Some  further  Extracts  from  this  Accompt-book  may  be  seen  under  the  year  1578. 

«  Horeham,  a  manor  in  the  large  parish  of  Thaxted,  in  Essex,  was  granted  by  King  Henry  VIII. 
with  other  considerable  property  in  that  neighbourhood,  to  Sir  John  Cutte,  Master  of  the  Ordnance. 
"  Old  Cutte,"  says  Leland,  meaning  this  Sir  John,  «  builded  Horeham  Houle,  a  very  sumptuous 
VOL.  I.  2  0 


282  THE    GLUEEN    AT   HUNSDON    HOUSE,  1571. 

From  the  14th  to  the  17  th  of  September  the  Queen  was  entertained  at  Mark 
Hall1 ;  and  on  the  18th  at  Lees  2,  the  mansion  of  the  Lord  Rich ;  whence  she 
proceeded  to  Hunsdon  House. 

One  of  the  subjects  of  Vertue's  valuable  work,  "Historic  Prints,"  published 
in  1740,  containing  numerous  Portraits  of  eminent  Persons,  is  supposed  to  re- 
present this  Visit.     It  is  thus  described  by  this  industrious  Antiquary3. 

"  The  Queen  is  seated  in  a  canopy-chair  of  state,  carried  by  six  gentlemen 4  ; 
several  Knights  of  the  Garter,  with  their  collars  of  that  most  noble  Order, 
walking  before  the  Queen,  and  many  favourite  Ladies  following  in  the  train. 
The  Yeomen  of  the  Guard  follow,  and  the  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners  line 
the  way. 

Amongst  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  Dudley  Earl  of  Leicester  is  nearest  to 
the  Queen. 

Henry  Lord  Huusdon  carries  the  Sword  of  State  before  her  Majesty. 

As  these  Knights  walk  two  and  two,  the  next  is  William  Cecil  Lord  Burghley, 
Lord  High  Treasurer,  with  his  white  staff  in  his  hand. 

Next  before  him  is  Charles  Howard,  Admiral,  afterwards  Lord  Nottingham. 

The  other  three  Knights5  of  the  Garter  as  those  before  mentioned,  each  of  them 
having  a  ribband  about  his  neck,  with  a  small  gem  or  intaglio  appendant  to  it ; 

house  in  East  Sax,  by  Thaxtede ;  and  there  is  goodly  ponds,  or  lakes  by  it,  and  fair  parkes  there- 
abouts." At  this  mansion  the  (Queen  was  entertained  in  1571  by  the  builder's  great-grandson,  Sir 
John  Cutt,  who  was  so  famous  for  his  liberal  housekeeping,  that  Elizabeth  once  sent  down  a  Spanish 
Ambassador,  with  a  numerous  train,  to  be  kept  by  him  during  a  sickness  in  London.  His  profuseness 
in  this  way  certainly  ruined  him ;  and  his  estates  were  sold  to  divers  families  in  Essex.  That  of 
Horeham  is  now,  or  was  lately,  possessed  by  Sir  William  Smyth,  of  Holt  Hall,  Knt.  A  letter  from 
Lord  Burleigh  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  is  dated,  "  from  the  Court  at  Hor'm,  near  Thaxted,  in 
Essex,  5  Septemb.  1571." 

1  A  subsequent  letter  (undated)  is  from  "  Marks  Hall,  in  Essex,"  which  is  situated  near  the 
church  in  the  parish  of  Latton.  It  had  not  long  before  been  given  by  the  Queen  to  William  Devereux, 
Viscount  Hereford,  and  afterwards  Earl  of  Essex  ;  who  sold  it  in  1575  to  one  of  the  family  of  Wise- 
man, from  whom  it  passed  to  the  Westerns  of  Boverham.     Lodge,  vol.  II.  p.  57. 

2  See  before,  under  the  year  1561,  p.  99. 

3  In  this  Description,  Vertue's  own  words  are  preserved  ;  and  most  of  the  Notes  are  his :  the  addi- 
tional ones  are  by  Mr.  Gough. 

*  See  Stow's  account  of  this  Queen's  proceeding  to  and  into  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  carried  in  this 
manner  by  the  Gentlemen  Ushers  of  the  Privy  Chamber. 
5  Lord  Clinton,  Lord  Russel,  Lord  Sussex. 


THE    GtUEEN   AT   HUNSDON   HOUSE,   157 1.  283 

thereon  a  profile  of  her  Majesty's  countenance ;  which  additional  ornament,  it  is 
conjectured,  was  designed  to  represent  these  Noblemen  to  be  the  Queen's 
favourites  l. 

The  place  where  this  procession  appears  to  be,  is  within  the  inclosure  of  the 
court-yard  of  Hunsdon  House ;  the  back  front  is  the  prospect  in  this  picture : 
they  are  passing  round,  as  it  were,  by  the  aqueeduct,  to  come  to  the  front  en- 
trance. This  house  was  entirely  built  by  King  Henry  VIII. 3  and  after- 
wards the  front 3  only  new  rebuilt  by  Lord  Hunsdon  as  it  still  remains,,  both 
ways  being  encircled  with  water,  and  two  arched  bridges  to  pass  over  to  the 
house. 

As  the  back  front  is  the  prospect  to  this  picture,  so  at  a  distance,  on  a  hill, 
appears  a  small  old  castle,  perhaps  Stortford  Castle,  by  which  the  river  Stort 
passes,  and  joins  the  river  Lea  at  Stansted,  where,  near  the  bridge,  are  boats  or 
skiffs  purposely  represented. 

It  is  much  to  be  admired,  that  in  this  picture,  so  large  and  historical,  there 
should  be  no  date  on  it,  nor  arms,  nor  other  insignia,  unless  the  story  was 
then  so  well  known  and  remarkably  public,  that  the  Nobleman  who  caused  it 
to  be  done,  and  to  whose  honour  the  ceremonial  was  performed,  might  believe  it 
would  never  be  forgot  in  his  family,  or  to  posterity. 

So  weak  is  human  foresight,  that,  upon  our  late  discovery  of  it,  much  retro- 
spection and  laborious  enquiry  was  necessary  to  come  at  the  probable  truth  and 
history  of  it.  Some  of  the  conjectures  and  proofs,  as  I  collected  them,  are  sorted 
in  this  mannner  : 

I  was  assured4  that  the  noble  Peer,  in  whose  family  it  has  been  at  Coleshill  in 
Warwickshire  for  fifty  or  sixty  years  past,  had  no  certain  account  handed  to  him 
of  it,  but  only  that  it  was  painted  in  memory  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  doing  honour 
to  a  young  married  couple,  uncertain  who,  or  when,  or  where.  When  it  was 
brought  to  London,  to  enlighten  the  story  of  it,  it  was  shewn  to  persons  the  most 

■  I  conceive  that  this  Painting,  being  a  work  of  a  multitude  of  figures,  was  not  immediately  done, 
but  took  a  considerable  time  to  draw  the  persons,  habits,  and  the  prospect  of  the  place  and  buildings, 
&c.  By  the  Council-books  it  appears  the  Queen  was  at  Stansted  Place  in  1571,  and  again  in  1576, 
when  she  stood  god-mother  to  a  daughter  of  Lord  Hunsdon. 

a  See  the  accounts  of  this  building  and  expences  in  a  MS.  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry  VIII. 

3  See  in  Chauncy's  Hertfordshire,  a  view  of  the  front  of  this  house,  and  some  account  of  this  family. 

*  When  I  waited  on  the  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Oxford  to  see  it,  at  Coleshill  in  Warwick- 
shire, October  1737-     It  was  brought  to  London  1738. 


284  THE    Q.UEEN   AT   HUNSDON    HOUSE,  1571. 

skilful  in  this  way,  Gentlemen,  Historians,  Antiquaries,  Heralds,  and  Painters, 
several  of  them  eminently  judicious :  but  for  five  or  six  months  it  continued  un- 
discovered. At  length,  by  particular  enquiry  and  study,  I  found  out  the  site  to 
be  Hunsdon  in  Hertfordshire;  thither  purposely  I  went  to  see  the  place,  which 
upon  the  first  sight  confirmed  what  I  had  read  of  such  a  visit  mentioned  in 
Strype's  Annals,  in  the  Queen's  Progress,  of  the  year  and  date  first  mentioned, 
thus:  "From  London  to  Hatfield, — then  to  Hunsdon  and  other  places,  to  Audley 
End ;  and  in  her  return,  to  Stansted,  and  to  St.  James's,  Richmond." 

But  to  account  for  this  extraordinary  honour,  it  is  necessary  to  observe  from 
our  historians  how  nearly  related  this  Nobleman  was  to  the  Queen,  being  her  first 
cousin,  the  only  son  of  her  mother's  sister,  in  a  degree  of  relation  nearest  to  her 
of  any  body  living. 

Before  the  Queen  came  to  the  throne,  he  had  maintained  and  assisted  her 
right  with  his  purse  and  utmost  interest,  to  the  amount  of  many  thousand  pounds. 
Immediately  on  the  day  of  the  death  of  Queen  Mary1,  Elizabeth  being  proclaimed 
at  the  gates  of  Hatfield  Palace,  where  she  then  resided ;  as  soon  as  she  came  to 
London,  one  of  the  first  honours  bestowed,  was  to  ennoble  this  her  true  friend 
and  relation  with  the  title  of  Baron  of  Hunsdon,  also  bestowing  on  him  Hunsdon 
House,  and  the  estates  of  three  manors  or  lordships  adjoining  to  it2. 

1  Say  Stow  and  Speed,  first  at  St.  James's  Palace  gate,  but  the  same  day  at  Hatfield  House,  where 
the  Princess  Elizabeth  resided  in  Queen  Mary's  time. 

a  Sir  Henry  Cary,  son  to  Sir  William  Cary  and  Mary  Bollen  his  wife,  was  (wherever  born)  made 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  Lord  Chamberlain,  Baron  of  Hunsdon  in  the  County  of  Herts  ;  a  valiant  man, 
and  lover  of  Men  of  their  hands ;  very  cholerick,  but  not  malicious.  Once  one  Mr.  Colt  chanced  to 
meet  him  coming  from  Hunsdon  to  London,  in  the  equipage  of  a  Lord  of  those  dayes.  The  Lord, 
on  some  former  grudge,  gave  him  a  boxe  on  the  ear.  Colt  presently  returned  the  principal  with 
interest^  and  thereupon  his  servants,  drawing  their  swords,  swarmed  about  him.  "  You  rogues,"  said 
the  Lord,  "  may  not  I  and  my  neighbour  change  a  blow,  but  you  must  interpose  ?"  Thus  the  quarrel 
was  begun  and  ended  in  the  same  minute. 

It  was  merrily  said,  by  Sir  Robert  Naunton  in  his  "  Fragmenta  Regalia,"  "  that  his  Latine  and  his 
dissimulation  were  both  alike,  and  that  his  custome  in  swearing,  and  obscenity  in  speech,  made  him 
seem  a  worse  Christian  than  he  was,  and  a  better  Knight  of  the  Carpet  than  he  could  be."  He  might 
have  been  with  the  Queen  whatsoever  he  wou Id  himself ;  but  would  be  no  more  then  what  he  was, 
preferring  enough  above  a  feast  in  that  nature. 

"  He  hung  at  Court  on  no  man's  sieve,  but  stood  on  his  own  botome  till  the  time  of  his  death, 
having  a  competent  estate  of  his  own  given  him  by  the  Queen,  who  bestowed  on  him,  in  the  first  of 
her  reign,  Hunsdon  House  in  Hertfordshire,  with  40001.  (according  to  the  valuation  in  that  age)  in 


THE    GtUEEN    AT    HUNSDON    HOUSE,   15/1.  285 

Afterwards  the  Queen  made  him  Knight  of  the  Garter,  Privy  Counsellor, 
Governor  of  Berwick  on  Tweed,  and  Commander  of  all  the  forces  in  these  expe- 
ditions to  the  Northern  parts,  against  the  rebels  in  the  North  at  that  time.  This 
noble  Lord  behaved  with  so  much  conduct  and  courage  in  her  service,  that  she 

fair  demesnes,  parks,  and  lands  lying  about  it.  Yet  this  was  rather  restitution  than  liberality  in  her 
Majesty ;  seeing  he  had  spent  as  great  an  estate  (left  him  by  his/Father)  in  her  service,  or  rather 
relief,  during  her  persecution  under  Queen  Mary.  This  Lord  suppressed  the  first  Northern  Com- 
motion (the  sole  reason  why  we  have  ranked  him  under  the  title  of  Soldier)  ;  for  which  this  Letter 
of  thanks  was  solemnly  returned  unto  him : 

"  By  the  Queen. 
"  Right  trusty  and  well-beloved  Cousin,  we  greet  you  well.  And  right  glad  we  are,  that  it  hath 
pleased  God  to  assist  you  in  this  your  late  service,  against  that  cankred  subtil  traytor  Leonard 
Dacres 3  whose  force  being  far  greater  in  number  than  yours,  we  perceive  you  have  overthrown,  and 
how  he  thereupon  was  the  first  that  fled,  having  (as  it  seemeth)  a  heart  readier  to  shew  his  unloyal 
falshood  and  malice,  than  to  abide  the  fight.  And  though  the  best  we  could  have  desired  was  to  have 
him  taken 5  yet  we  thank  God  that  he  is  in  this  sort  overthrown,  and  forced  to  flye  our  Realm,  to 
his  like  company  of  Rebells,  whom,  no  doubt,  God  of  his  favourable  justice  will  confound  with  such 
ends  as  are  meet  for  them.  We  will  not  now  by  words  express  how  inwardly  glad  we  are  that  you 
have  such  success,  whereby  both  your  courage  in  such  an  unequall  match,  your  faithfulnesse  towards 
us,  and  your  wisdome  is  seen  to  the  world,  this  your  act  being  the  very  first  that  ever  was  executed  by 
fight  in  field,  in  our  time  against  any  Rebell :  but  we  mean  also  indeed,  by  just  reward,  to  let  the 
world  see  how  much  we  esteem  and  can  consider  such  a  service  as  this  is.  And  so  we  would  have 
yourself  also  thank  God  heartily,  as  we  doubt  not  but  you  do,  from  whom  all  victories  do  proceed, 
and  comfort  yourself  with  the  assurance  of  our  most  favourable  acceptation.  We  have  also  herewith 
sent  our  Letter  of  thanks  to  Sir  John  Foster 5  and  would  have  you  namely  thank  our  good  faithful 
soldiers  of  Barwick,  in  whose  worthy  service  we  do  repose  no  small  trust. 
"  26th  of  February,  1569." 

Thus  far  was  written  by  the  Secretary  of  State  3  but  the  ensuing  Postscript  was  all  the  Queen's 
own  hand  3  the  original  being  preserved  by  the  Right  Honourable  Henry  Earl  of  Monmouth  (grand- 
child to  the  Lord  Hunsdon) 3  by  whose  noble  favour  I  carefully  copied  it  forth  as  followeth : 

"  I  doubt  much,  my  Harry,  whether  that  the  victory  given  me  more  joyed  me,  or  that  you  were 
by  God  appointed  the  instrument  of  my  glory.  And  I  assure  you,  for  my  countrie's  good,  the  first 
might  suffice ;  but  for  my  heart's  contentation,  the  second  more  pleaseth  me.  It  likes  me  not  a 
little,  that  with  a  good  testimony  of  your  faith,  there  is  seen  a  stout  courage  of  your  mind,  that  more 
trusted  to  the  goodnesse  of  your  quarrel,  then  to  the  weakness  of  your  number.  Well,  I  can  say  no 
more  3  Deatus  est  ille  servus  quern,  cum  Dominus  venerit,  inveniet  facientem  sua  mandata.  And  that 
you  may  not  think  that  you  have  done  nothing  for  your  profit  (though  you  have  done  much  for 
your  honour),  I  intend  to  make  this  Journey  somewhat  to  increase  your  livelyhood,  that  you  may  not 
say  to  yourself,  Perditur  quod  factum  est  ingrato.     Your  loving  Kinswoman, 

"  Elizabeth,  Rcgina." 


286  THE  QUEEN  AT  HUNSDON  HOUSE,  1571. 

heaped  other  favours  on  him,  made  him  Captain  of  the  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pen- 
sioners l,  also  a  letter  2  in  print,  under  her  own  hand,  shews  how  much  she  de- 
signed him  all  the  honour  possible,  which  letter  appears  to  be  writ  just  preceding 
this  royal  Visit. 

He  was  made  Lord  Chamberlain  to  the  Queen,  and  higher  titles  she  designed 
him,  which  in  some  measure  stirred  up  the  jealousy  of  her  most  powerful  Cour- 
tiers, and  likely  enough  was  the  reason  why  many  years  after  he  had  no  addi- 
tional honour,  though  often  promised  to  him,  saving  only  a  remarkable  visit  of 
the  Queen  to  him  on  his  death-bed  3  ;  to  whose  gracious  offers  and  intentions  he 
with  a  spirit  truly  noble  made  the  reply  preserved  by  Fuller  in  his  "  Worthies 
of  England  4." 

After  his  death  a  most  noble  and  magnificent  monument,  still  standing  in  West- 
minster Abbey  5,  was  erected  by  his  widow,  Lady  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Morgan,  of  Arksden,  in  Herefordshire,  and  his  son  and  heir  George  Lord  Huns- 
don,  who  inherited  all  his  titles,  honours,  and  places. 

His  sister  Katherine  Carey  was  married  to  Charles  Howard,  Knight  of  the 
Garter,  Admiral ;  and  on  that  account  she  is  one  of  those  represented  in  this 
procession. 

This  title  and  honour  of  Hunsdon  being  continued  in  the  family,  in  direct  suc- 
cession, through  several  branches,  above  an  hundred  years,  descended  to  a  lady, 

Three  times  was  this  Lord  in  election  to  be  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  a  title  which  in  some  sort  belonged 
unto  him  in  the  right  of  Mary  his  mother ;  but  still  some  intervening  accident  retarded  it.  When 
he  lay  on  his  death-bed,  the  Queen  gave  him  a  gracious  visit,  causing  his  patent  for  the  said  earldom 
to  be  drawn,  his  robes  to  be  made,  and  both  to  be  laid  down  upon  his  bed;  (but  this  Lord  who  could 
dissemble  neither  well  nor  sick ;)  "  Madam,"  said  he,  "  seeing  you  counted  me  not  worthy  of  this 
honour  whilst  I  was  living,  I  count  myself  unworthy  of  it  now  I  am  dying." — He  departed  this  life 
anno  Domini,  1596 ;  and  lyeth  buryed  in  a  most  magnificent  Monument  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
being  the  direct  ancestor  to  the  Earls  of  Dover  and  Monmouth.  Fuller's  Worthies,  Herts,  vol.  I. 
pp.  432,  433,  in  the  Edition  of  1811. 

1  See  a  Letter  of  his  to  James  I.  on  his  accession,  concerning  the  state  of  this  band,  which  both 
himself  and  his  son  commanded  successively  ;  and  which  very  soon  after  the  Queen's  death  fell  into 
dis-esteem.     Pegge's  Curialia,  part  II.  p.  57. 

9  See  Cabala,  of  State  Letters,  1751. 

3  Sometime  he  lived  in  Somerset-house  in  the  Strand ;  but  he  had  a  house  in  Black  Friars,  which 
remained  to  the  family  afterwards. 

4  See  the  first  Note  in  the  present  page. 

5  Dart's  Monuments  of  Westminster  Abbey. 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    HUNSDON    HOUSE,   1571.     .  287 

who  was  married  to  Lord  Willoughby  of  Parham  ;  and  at  her  death  the  estate  at 
Hunsdon  was,  with  all  the  goods  and  chattels,  sold,  and  the  house  and  manor 
was  bought  by  Matthew  Bluck1,  Esq.  whose  descendants  now  enjoy  it2. 

About  or  at  this  time  it  might  possibly  happen  that  this  picture  was  sold,  or 
changed  its  situation  or  possessor,  without  the  history  of  its  original  design, 
because  every  part  of  it  is  so  justly  and  judiciously  disposed,  that,  I  think,  it  is 
demonstrable  to  have  been  directed  by  its  noble  author,  Lord  Hunsdon. 

To  discover  the  painter  that  performed  it,  I  carefully  considered  several  works 
of  the  most  eminent  artists  of  that  reign ;  and  having  seen  a  roll 3  of  the  proces- 
sion of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  at  Windsor  with  Queen  Elizabeth  (drawn  and 
printed  about  the  same  time)  some  few  of  which  were  illuminated  in  proper 
colours,  in  which  there  is  some  regard  had  to  the  likeness  of  the  faces,  I  found 
amongst  them  this  Lord  Hunsdon  walking,  and  his  countenance  is  agreeable  to 
the  face  of  him  in  this  painting.  From  this  project  of  the  roll  of  the  Knights  of 
the  Garter,  it  is  highly  probable  the  same  painter  was  employed  to  draw  out  this 
procession  at  Hunsdon ;  and  therefore,  and  from  such  circumstances  of  art  and 
manner  of  painting,  I  conjecture  it  to  be  the  work  of  Marc  Gerrards  4,  painter  to 
Queen  Elizabeth,  and  afterwards  to  Queen  Anne,  in  whose  favour  he  continued, 
and  lived  to  a  good  old  age,  and  died  1635,  as  Hollar  has  expressed  under  his  pic- 
ture engraved  by  him. 

From  several  pictures  I  have  seen  of  his  painting,  he  appears  to  have  been  a 
master  of  some  merit,  and  well  esteemed,  especially  in  that  Queen's  days,  and 
some  part  of  the  succeeding  reign. 

In  this  painting  the  faces  are  done  from  the  life,  the  principal  ones  with  great 
likeness  and  variety  of  the  habits,  which  are  justly  described  ;  but  the  picture  of 

1  In  1702  appeared  in  folio,  "  Spes  Hunsdoniana ;  a  Poem  on  the  Anniversary  birth-day  of  the  in- 
comparable youth  Mr.  Matthew  Bluck,  son  and  heir  to  the  worshipful  Matthew  Bluck,  Esq.  of 
Hunsdon  House  in  Hartfordshire.     By  E.  S."     [Elkanah  Settle.] 

2  When  I  went  to  Hunsdon,  enquiring  of  ancient  people  concerning  this  family,  a  very  old  man 
was  brought  to  me,  who  lived  a  servant  in  that  house,  till  the  death  of  Lord  and  Lady  Willoughby, 
and  the  estates  were  sold  to  the  present  possessor,  who  could  give  me  noxrther  information  about  it. 

3  This  roll  consists  of  many  sheets,  first  loosely  etched,  printed  on  several  plates,  and  coloured.  It 
is  so  scarce,  that  upon  shewing  it  to  Mr.  Anstis,  he  declared  he  never  had  seen  another  complete  of 
the  same. 

4  Marc  Gerrards,  of  Bruges  (son  of  a  father  of  the  same  name),  a  painter.  G.  V — Mr.  Walpole  has 
adopted  Vertue's  idea.     Anecdotes  of  Painting,  vol.1,  p.  143. 


288  THE    GtUEEN    AT   HUNSDON    HOUSE,   I57I. 

the  Queen  is  the  most  valuable,  for  being  a  representation  of  her  countenance, 
not  in  the  decline  of  her  life1,  but  of  an  agreeable  age,  as  she  was  at  that  time 
when  this  procession  happened. 

I  have  some  reasons  to  think,  that  amongst  the  Ladies  that  follow  the  Queen, 
the  foremost  in  white  may  be  the  Lady  Hunsdon ;  on  her  right  hand  Lord  Huns- 
don's  sister  Lady  Katherine,  who  was  wife  to  Admiral  Howard,  and  next  behind 
in  a  dark  grave  habit  Lady  Mary  Bolen2,  mother  of  Lord  Hunsdon :  all  the  Ladies 
are  richly  adorned  with  Jewels,  &c.  to  grace  the  solemnity  of  this  procession3. 
And  as  this  noble  Lord  was  Captain  of  the  Band  of  Gentlemen  Pensioners,  he 

1  Many  and  most  of  the  painted  pictures  in  oil  and  in  limning  of  this  Queen,  appear  to  be  hard- 
featured  lines,  old  or  crabbed  looks. 

2  I  imagine  so  from  two  pictures,  one  of  Anna  Bolen,  and  another  of  Mary  Bolen,  remaining  in 
the  possession  of  a  curious  lady  of  an  ancient  family,  and  related  to  this  Carey  family.  That  of 
Lady  Mary  Bolen,  a  round  face,  younger  much,  but  the  same  sort  of  features  as  in  this  Picture  of 
the  procession. 

3  The  Picture  has  been  removed  from  Lord  Digby's  at  Coleshill,  where  Vertue  saw  it  in  1737,  to 
Sherborn-castle,  where  it  now  is.  Vertue  imagined  it  was  bought  at  some  sale  at  Hunsdon  House  ; 
and  the  tradition  then  annexed  to  it  was,  that  Queen  Elizabeth  was  doing  honour  to  a  young  married 
couple.  Hunsdon  House  was  mortgaged  by  Mr.  Bluck's  grand-son  Matthew  to  Mr.  NicolsOn,  who 
left  it  to  his  nephew  Nicolson  Calvert,  and  he  to  his  son  and  name-sake  the  present  possessor.  The 
house  is  approached  by  a  brick  bridge  of  several  pointed  arches,  over  a  moat  which  surrounds  the 
whole ;  the  rooms  have  been  completely  modernized,  only  the  wreathed  chimnies  remaining.  The 
two  wings  have  been  pulled  down  since  Chauncy's  time,  and  two  gravel  walks  now  occupy  their  site  ; 
the  clock-tower  is  also  removed  ;  the  stables  are  converted  into  a  farm-house.  Here  are  no  Pictures 
except  of  the  Calvert  family.  Tradition  loves  to  tell  of  a  subterraneous  communication  between  this 
once  royal  Mansion  and  the  old  gate  at  the  Rye-house ;  and  shews  a  carved  oak  post  on  the  leads  of 
the  latter,  which  served  as  a  back  to  a  seat,  where  the  Princess  Elizabeth  amused  herself  in  taking  a 
view  of  the  surrounding  country.  This  corner  of  Hertfordshire  was  much  honoured  by  the  resi- 
dence and  visits  of  royalty.  Henry  VI1T.  had  several  nurseries  for  his  children  in  it  j  and  Elizabeth 
re-visited  it  early  after  her  accession  to  the  Crown. 

Nine  Ashes  in  Hunsdon  parish,  another  house  of  the  Calverts,  now  pulled  down,  is  said  to  have  been 
an  antient  or  royal  mansion. 

In  a  chapel  on  the  South  side  of  Hunsdon  church  lies  buried  John,  second  son  of  Henry  Lord 
Hunsdon  here  mentioned,  and  on  failure  of  heirs  male  of  his  elder  brother,  successor  to  his  estate 
and  title :  "  He  was  Marshall  of  the  town  of  Berwick,  and  Captain  of  Norham,  afterwards  Governor 
of  the  town  and  garrison  of  Berwick,  and  Lord  Warden  of  the  East  Marches  of  England  for  and 
annenst  Scotland,  and  so  he  remained  till  he  received  into  England  the  most  famous  King  James, 
when  he  entered  into  the  possession  of  the  Crown  of  England  5  and  so,  having  two  sons  and  two 
daughters,  ended  this  transitory  life,  in  an  assured  hope  to  rise  in  Christ."  (Epitaph.)   He  died  in  1617- 


THE    ClUEEN    AT   HUNSDQN   HOUSE,  1571.  28a 

might  order  or  appoint  their  attendance  (as  they  appear)  to  line  the  way  with 
their  partizans  in  their  hands1. 

The  populace  that  was  there  to  see  this  sight  are  prudently  avoided,  and  not 
represented,  that  the  most  conspicuous  part  of  it  without  crowd  or  incumbrance 
might  be  seen  in  the  picture,  as  I  presume  this  Nobleman  had  appointed  and  direc- 
ted the  painter.  G.  Vertue.     Dec.  20,  1740." 

Mr.  Vertue's  appropriation  of  this  Picture  to  Hunsdon  House  was  controverted 
by  Mr.  Gough2,  as  having  every  probability  against  it.  The  house  as  here  repre- 
sented resembles  the  castellated  mansion  erected  here  by  Sir  John  Oldhall  in  the 
time  of  Edward  IV.  at  the  expence  of  ,^.7,222,  rather  than  that  which  was 
entirely  built  by  Henry  VIII.  (who  in  the  course  of  three  years  laid  out^.lQ,000 
on  it3)  and  afterwards  new  fronted  by  Lord  Hunsdon,  as  represented  in  Chauncy's 
print  of  it.  We  will  suppose  this  new  fronting  to  be  done  as  soon  as  convenient 
after  his  obtaining  it  by  grant  from  Elizabeth,  1559  or  1560,  so  it  might  be  ready 
to  receive  her  in  1571.  Still  the  Oldhall  mansion  could  not  be  existing  even  in 
idea ;  and  the  painters  of  that  time  must  be  bad  drawers  of  architecture  that  could 
make  no  better  representation  of  the  back  front  of  Lord  Hunsdon's  mansion,  even 
in  its  present  reduced  state  stript  of  its  wings.  The  circumstance  of  its  being 
"  encircled  with  water  and  two  arched  bridges  to  pass  over  to  the  house,"  seems 
the  only  ground  for  this  conjecture.     What  he  calls  the  "  aqueduct"  round  which 

Dugdale's  Baronage,  vol.  II.  p.  398.  His  Lordship's  Park-keeper,  who  died  1591,  has  this  quaint 
epitaph  on  a  brass  plate  behind  the  pulpit,  whereon  he  is  represented  in  a  doublet,  with  a  broad  sword 
and  bugle-horn,  his  cross-bow  levelled  at  a  stag,  in  whose  side  Death  sticks  an  arrow,  and  points 
another  at  the  hunter's  breast,  having  for  his  motto,  Sic  Pergo :  (engraved  in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  LXI.  p.  13.) 

"  Belov'd  of  all  whilst  he  had  lyfe, 

Unmoan'd  of  none  when  he  did  dye, 
James  Gray  interred  of  his  wyfe 

Near  to  this  death's-syne  brass  doth  lye  ; 
Years  thirtie-five  in  good  renowne 
Parke  and  house-keeper  in  this  towne. 
Ob.  12  die  Decemb.  A.  D.  1591,  aet.  suae  69." 
1  "In  the  original  Painting  whence  Vertue's  Plate  was  engraved,  the  Gentlemen  Pensioners  are  dressed 
uniformly  in  black  cloaks  of  the  fashion  of  the  times,  with  ruffs  about  their  necks,  and  gold  chains 
over  their  shoulders  :  the  other  parts  of  their  dress  are  of  different  colours,  without  any  adherence  to 
uniformity.     The  Queen,  by  this  appearance  of  the  Band  dressed  in  an  outward  garment  of  black, 
does  not  seem  to  have  had  any  regard  to  the  colours  of  green  and  white,  for  which  her  father  and 
sister  had  such  a  predilection  j  yet  perhaps  we  may  venture  to  date  the  black  facings  of  the  present 
uniform  from  this  reign."     Pegge's  Curialia,  Part  II.  p.  49. 

9  British  Topography,  vol.  I.  p.  428.  3  Walpole's  Anecdotes,  vol.  I.  p.  124. 

VOL.  I.  2  P 


290  THE    Q.UEEN    IN    ST.   GEORGE'S    FIELDS,  AND    BERMONDSEY,   I57I. 

the  procession  is  passing,  as  it  were,  to  come  at  the  front  entrance,  is  but  a  fancied 
resemblance  of  the  fountain  in  the  print  at  the  Champ  de  Drap  d'Or,  or  that  lately 
remaining  in  the  garden  at  Leighs  Priory  in  Essex.  But  "  the  small  old  castle 
on  the  hill  at  a  distance  should  be  Stortford  Castle,  by  which  the  river  Stort  passes 
and  joins  the  river  Lea  at  Stansted,  where  near  the  bridge  are  boats  or  skiffs  pur- 
posely represented,"  is  a  solecism  in  perspective  too  gross  to  be  admitted  by  any  one 
who  has  actually  viewed  the  several  places,  and  attended  to  the  rise  of  ground  be- 
tween them.  For,  admitting  the  high  situation  of  Stortford  Castle,  and  that  it  was 
rebuilt  after  its  demolition  by  King  John ;  the  gate  of  the  castle  will  more  pro- 
bably be  found  on  lower  ground,  on  a  site  now  occupied  by  cottages,  and  shewn 
for  the  Bishop's-Hole,  or  the  prison  where  Bonner  confined  some  miserable  objects 
of  his  infernal  cruelty.  Nor  is  the  junction  of  the  Lea  and  Stort  less  imaginary; 
for  it  takes  place  on  an  opposite  side  of  Hunsdon  in  still  lower  ground :  so  that  if 
the  castle  on  the  hill  be  Stortford  Castle,  the  conjoined  stream  below  it  should 
rather  be  the  two  arms  of  Stort  that  surround  it  and  place  it  in  an  island.  If 
Stortford  Castle  and  its  neighbourhood  were  visible  from  any  great  mansion  here- 
abouts, it  should  rather  be  from  Hadham,  the  seat  of  Sir  Edward  Capel. 

That  the  Castle  was  down  at  this  time,  and  50  years  before,  appears  from  "Sir 
William  Capel  standing  trial  with  the  Bishop  of  London,  1503,  for  his  demand 
of  Castle-guard,  when  his  Castle  was  ruinous  and  decayed,  which  the  Judges 
determined  to  be  a  sort  of  quit-rent,  and  the  money  due  in  lieu  of  those  services 
to  which  the  manor  was  liable 1." 

An  entry  occurs  this  Summer,  in  the  Accompts  of  the  Churchwardens  of 
Lambeth,  of  payments  to  the  Ringers,  "  when  the  Queen  rode  to  St.  George's 
Fields ;"  and  two  similar  entries,  "  when  her  Majesty  went  to  the  Earl  of  Sussex  3," 
whose  residence  was  in  the  manor-house  of  the  antient  Priory  of  Bermondsey. 

1  Chauncy,  154.     Salmon,  283. 

a  Thomas  Ratcliffe,  Earl  of  Sussex,  the  Queen's  Lord  Chamberlain,  possessed  the  manor  of  Ber- 
mondsey ;  and  resided  in  a  noble  mansion  called  Bermondsey  House,  which  had  been  built  by  Sir 
Thomas  Pope,  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry  VIII.  on  the  site  of  the  Manor-house  or  Palace  of  the 
Priory.  In  this  house  the  Earl  of  Sussex  died  June  9,  1583.  This  Thomas  Earl  of  Sussex,  by  a 
Codicil  annexed  to  his  Will,  dated  21  May  1583,  ordered  that  his  Executors  should  keep  house  at 
Bermondsey  twenty  days  after  his  interment,  on  which  they  were  to  expend  s£.1500,  and  no  more. 
But  the  funeral  charges  alone  came  to  s£.1629.  5$.  O^d.  and, the  expences  of  housekeeping  ^.159. 8s.  2d. 
The  inventory  of  his  effects  at  this  place  amounted  to  a£.1585.  Blomef.  Norf.  I.  350, 351.  Mr.  Walpole 
informs  us  that  he  bequeathed  a£.1500  to  be  expended  on  his  Tomb  only,  and  that  Sir  Christopher 
Wray,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  Queen's  Bench,  Sir  Gilbert  Gerard,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  Sir  Thomas 
Mildmay,  and  others,  his  Executors,  agreed  with  Richard  Stephens  for  the  making  and  setting  it  up 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    WEST    HORSLEY,  AND    THEOBALDS,   1 5 J 1 .  2^1 

About  the  same  time  the  Corporation  Books  of  Kingston  record  a  payment  to  the 
ringers  on  the  Queen's  going  to  visit  the  Lord  Admiral,  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  at  West 
Horsley  in  Surrey,  and  another  payment,  "  when  her  boat  went  by." — This  was 
"  the  Place"  mentioned  in  1559,  P«  75-  The  manor  came  to  that  Nobleman  by 
marriage  with  the  daughter  of  Sir  Anthony  Bacon. 

Sept.  21.  "The  Queen's  Majesty  came  to  Theobalds1,  where  some  verses 
[query  what?]  were  presented  to  her  Majesty,  with  a  Portrait  of  the  House2." 

Sept.  22.     Still  at  Theobalds;  and  thence  to  St.  James's3. 

Oct.  .  .  At  Richmond;  which  last  place  finished  her  Progress ;  and,  soon  after 
her  return,  was,  October  1Q,  taken  suddenly  sick  at  the  stomach,  and  as  suddenly 
relieved  by  a  vomit.  And  from  thenceforth,  and  so  in  December,  continued  in  as 
good  a  state  of  health  as  she  had  been  for  many  years  ;  as  the  Letters  from  the 
Court  reported  4. 

in  Boreham  Church  in  Essex,  where  it  still  remains.  This  Stephens  was  a  Dutch  statuary,  painter, 
and  medalist,  and  no  common  artist.  The  figures  on  the  Tomb  are  of  his  execution,  and  in  a  good 
style;  and  the  whole  charge  paid  to  him  for  his  part  of  the  work  was  s£.292.  12s.  8d.  Anecdotes  of 
Painting,  I.  160. 

*  Sept.  21,  1571,  Hugh  Fitz  William  thus  writes  to  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury,  "  Thei  say 
the  Quene  wilbe  at  my  Lorde  of  Burlye's  howse  besides  Waltam  on  Sonday  nexte,  wheare  my  Lord  of 
Oxford  shall  marry  Mrs.  Anne  Sicelle  his  daughter."     Hunter's  Hallamshire,  p.  83. 

*  Lord  Burleigh's  Diary. — "  To  speak  of  the  beauty  of  this  most  stately  house  at  large  as  it  deserveth, 
for  curious  buildings,  delightful  walkes,  and  pleasant  conceites  within  and  without,  and  other  things 
very  glorious  and  elegant  to  be  seene,  would  challenge  a  great  portion  of  this  little  treatise,  and  there- 
fore, least  I  should  come  short  of  that  due  commendation  that  it  deserveth,  I  leave  it,  as  indeed  it 
is,  a  Princely  Seate  *." — The  original  site  of  this  manor  was  a  small  moated  house,  the  traces  of  which 
are  still  visible  in  Sir  George  Prescot's  Park  f.  Sir  William  Cecil  (afterwards  Lord  Burleigh)  began, 
about  the  year  1560,  to  build  upon  a  new  site,  which,  it  is  said,  he  at  first. intended  for  a  small 
mansion,  to  be  the  residence  of  his  younger  son  J. 

July  27,  1564,  Queen  Elizabeth  first  honoured  him  with  a  Visit  at  Theobalds  (see  p.  149) ;  and 
probably  expressed  an  intention  of  repeating  her  visit,  which  induced  her  minister  to  enlarge  his 
house  for  her  better  accommodation  ;  and  that  it  was  completed  upon  a  more  enlarged  scale  before 
1566,  when  the  Queen  visited  him  again.  See  in  p.  205  his  own  description  of  Theobalds,  and  of  his 
other  houses.  Her  Majesty's  Visit  was  repeated  (as  stated  above)  in  1571.  1572,  1573,  15/5,  1577, 
1578,  1583,  1587,  1591,  1593,  1594  §,  and  1596. 

J  See  before,  p.  103.  ■»  Strype's  Annals,  vol.  II.  p.  118,  fol.  an.  1571. 

*  Norden's  Hartfordshire,  p.  34. 

f  Lysons,  vol.  IV.  p.  31.  from  the  information  of  Mr.  J.  Russell,  of  Albury  House. 
X  Life  of  Lord  Burleigh,  in  Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa,  vol.  I.  p.  29. 

§  An  Oration  spoken  by  the  Hermit  at.  Theobalds  to  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1594,  written  by  Sir 
R.obert  Cecil,  will  be  found  in  these  Progresses,  under  that  year. 


292  THE    aUEEN's    SICKNESS   AND    RECOVERY,  1571. 

The  ninth  of  November,  a  Sermon  was  preached  at  Paules  Church  at  London, 
by  Maister  William  Foulks,  of  Cambridge,  to  give  thanks  to  Almightie  God  for 
the  victorie  which  of  his  mercifull  clemencie  it  had  pleased  him  to  grant  to  the 
Christians  in  the  Levant  Seas,  against  the  common  enemies  of  our  faith,  the 
Turks,  the  seventh  of  October  last  past.  There  were  present  at  this  Sermon  the 
Lord  Maior  of  London,  Sir  William  Allen,  with  the  Aldermen,  and  Craftsmen, 
in  their  liveries.  And  in  the  evening  there  were  bonefires  made  throughout  the 
Citie,  with  banketting  and  great  rejoising. 

"  In  the  month  of  December,  the  Queen's  subjects  took  great  satisfaction,  that, 
notwithstanding  their  danger  in  other  respects,  she  enjoyed  perfect  good  health. 
So  Leicester  in  his  correspondence  writes  to  Walsingham :  '  That  they  had  no 
news,  but  of  her  Majesty's  good  state  of  health  :  which  was  such  as  he  had  not 
known  to  have  been  these  many  years ;'  [as  though  she  were  none  of  the  health- 
fulest  constitutions.]  And  this  he  the  rather  informed  the  Ambassador  of,  because 
that  in  October  before,  she  was  taken  very  ill.  Of  which  malady,  thus  did  the 
Lord  Burghley  write  to  the  said  Ambassador ;  c  That  a  sudden  alarm  was  given 
him,  by  her  Majesty's  being  suddenly  sick  in  her  stomach :  but  that  she  was 
relieved  by  a  vomit.  You  must  think,  said  he  (speaking  not  only  his  own  sense, 
but  of  all  that  loved  the  present  state  of  the  nation),  such  a  matter  would  drive 
me  to  the  end  of  my  wits.  But  God  [as  he  comforted  himself]  is  the  stay  of  all 
that  put  their  trust  in  him.'  But  in  March  157 1-2  tne  Queen  fell  sick  again.  Yet 
in  a  few  days  recovered,  to  the  great  joy  of  all.  Of  this  sickness  of  the  Queen 
(sweetening  it  also  with  the  news  of  her  restoration  to  perfect  health)  the  same 
Lord  writ  to  the  two  Ambassadors  then  in  France.  They  both  read  the  letter  in 
a  marvailous  agony  (as  Smith  expressed  their  concern  in  his  answer).  But  having 
the  medicine  ready,  that  her  Majesty  was  within  an  hour  recovered,  it  did  in  part 
heal  them  again.  And  when  the  said  Lord  had  wrote,  That  the  care  had  not 
ceased  in  him ;  Smith  replied,  '  That  he  might  be  sure  it  did  as  little  cease  in 
them  ;  calling  to  their  remembrance,  and  laying  before  their  eyes,  the  trouble, 
the  uncertainty,  the  disorder,  the  peril,  and  danger,  which  had  been  like  to  follow, 
if  at  that  time  God  had  taken  from  them  the  stay  of  the  Commonwealth,  and 
hope  of  their  repose :  that  lanthorn  of  their  light,  next  to  God :  whom  to  follow, 
nor  certainly  where  to  light  another  candle  [they  knew  not.]'  But,  added  he,  as 
to  their  present  negotiation,  '  If  her  Majesty  still  continued  in  extremity  to 
promise,  and  in  recovery  to  forget,  what  shall  we  say,  but  as  the  Italians  do, 
Passato  il pericolo,  gabbato  ilfaute" 


293 

THE    ftUEEN's    SKILL   IN   MUSIC. 

"  The  skill  in  music  which  Elizabeth  possessed  is  clearly  evinced  by  the 
following  passage  in  Melvil's  Memoirs  1 :  (  The  same  day,  after  dinner,  my  Lord 
of  Huntsdean  drew  me  up  to  a  quiet  gallery,  that  I  might  hear  some  music  (but 
he  said  he  durst  not  avow  it),  where  I  might  hear  the  Queen  play  upon  the 
virginals.  After  I  had  hearkened  a  while,  I  took  by  the  tapistry  that  hung  before 
the  door  of  the  chamber,  and,  seeing  her  back  was  towards  the  door,  I  entered 
within  the  chamber,  and  stood  a  pretty  space,  hearing  her  play  excellently  well ; 
but  she  left  off  immediately  so  soon  as  she  turned  her  about,  and  came  forward, 
seeming  to  strike  me  with  her  hand,  alledging,  she  was  not  used  to  play  before 
men,  but  when  she  was  solitary  to  shun  melancholy  2.'  To  this  passage  it  may 
not  be  amiss  to  add  a  little  anecdote,  which  perhaps  has  never  yet  appeared  in 
print,  and  may  serve  to  shew  either  that  she  had,  or  affected  to  have  it  thought 
she  had,  a  very  nice  ear.  In  her  time  the  bells  of  the  Church  of  Shoreditch,  a 
Parish  in  the  Northern  suburbs  of  London,  were  much  esteemed  for  their  melody ; 
and  in  her  journies  from  Hatfield  to  London,  as  soon  as  she  approached  the  town, 
they  constantly  rang  by  way  of  congratulation.  Upon  these  occasions  she  seldom 
failed  to  stop  at  a  small  distance  short  of  the  Church,  and,  amidst  the  prayers 
and  acclamations  of  the  People,  would  listen  attentively  and  commend  the  bells3." 

In  the  Ashmolean  MSS.  fol.  189,  is  the  following  note,  in  the  hand-writing  of 
Anthony  Wood :  "  Dr.  Tye  was  a  peevish  and  humoursome  man,  especially  in 
his  latter  days ;  and  sometimes  playing  on  the  organ  in  the  Chapel  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  which  contained  much  music,  but  little  delight  to  the  ear,  she  would 
send  the  verger  to  tell  him  that  he  played  out  of  tune ;  whereupon  he  sent  word 
that  her  ears  were  out  of  tune.  The  same  author  adds,  that  Dr.  Tye  restored 
Church-music  after  it  had  been  almost  ruined  by  the  dissolution  of  Abbies4." 

"  In  the  hour  of  her  departure,  she  ordered  her  musicians  into  her  chamber ; 
and  died  hearing  them  5." 

•  London,  1752,  p.  99. 

Q  It  is  also  said  that  she  played  on  an  instrument  strung  with  wire,  called  the  Poliphant.     Preface 
to  Playford's  Introduction  to  the  Skill  of  Music,  edit.  1666. 

3  Hawkins,  III.  458.  *  Ibid.  5  Ibid.  vol.  V.  p.  201. 


294 
New-year  s  Gifts  presented  to  the  Queen  in  1571-2 ]. 

Juelles  delivered   in  charge  to  Mrs.   Katharine  Howarde,  by  bill  indented 

between  her  and  John  Asteley,  Esquier,  Master  and  Threasorer  of  her  Highnes 

Juelles  and   Plate,  which  Juells  wear  geven  her  Majestie  on  Newe-yeres  daye, 

anno  14°  regni  sui,  &c. : 

First,  one  armlet  or  skakell  of  golde,  all  over  fairely  garnishedd  with  rubyesand 
dyamondes,  haveing  in  the  closing  thearof  a  clocke,  and  in  the  fore  parte  of  the 
same  a  fayre  lozengie  dyamonde  without  a  foyle,  hanging  thearat  a  rounde  juell 
fully  garnished  with  dyamondes,  and  perle  pendant;  weying  11  oz.  qua  dim.  and 
farthing  golde  weight.  In  a  case  of  purple  vellate  all  over  embranderid  with 
Venice  golde,  and  lyned  with  greene  vellat.     Geven  by  therle  of  Leycetor. 

Item,  a  juell  of  golde,  being  a  branche  of  bayleaves,  and  thearupon  a  rose  of 
golde  enamuled  white,  with  a  fayre  ballas  in  the  middes,  and  six  red  roses,  about 
the  same,  every  of  them  haveing  a  lozengie  dyamond.  In  the  toppe  of  the  rose 
is  a  spyder,  having  a  lozengie  dyamonde  on  her  backe  ;  and  under  the  same  rose, 
a  bee  with  two  dyamondes  on  her ;  weying  3  oz.  dim.  qa.  Geven  by  therle  of 
Warwycke. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  the  hedd  and  body  of  an  armed  man,  of  mother  of  perle, 
without  armes  and  leggs,  garnished  with  golde,  the  borders  sett  with  garnetts,  to 
of  them  lacking,  hanging  at  a  cheine  of  golde ;  enamuled  with  13  true  love  knotts, 
and  every  knott  having  2  sparke  of  emeraldes  ;  4  oz.  3  qa.  dim.  Geven  by  the 
Counties  of  Warwicke. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  white  hare  of  mother  of  pearle,  having  two  rubies,  the 
one  behinde,  and  the  other  before  in  her  brest,  and  an  emeralde  on  her  forehedd, 
sitting  upon  a  stocke  of  golde  enamuled,  and  garnished  with  3  table  dyamonds 
and  many  smalerubyes,  with  a  cluster  of  pearles  pendaunte,  containing  10  pearles 
altogether,  hanging  in  three  smale  cheynes  of  golde ;  oz.  3  qa.  Geven  by  the 
Counties  of  BedJ'orde. 

Item,  a  payre  of  braceletts  of  gold,  enamuled,  and  garnished  with  five  agathe 
hedds  and  five  mother  of  perles,  the  peece;  2\oz.  dim.  qa.  Geven  by  Lord  Stqffbrde. 

Item,  3  dozen  of  buttones  of  golde,  havinge  3  pearles  and  a  sparcke  of  an 
emeralde  or  rubye  in  every  buttone;  3  ounces  and  a  halfe.  Geven  by  the  Lady 
Clintone. 

Item,  a  ring  of  golde  with  a  mounte  of  dyamondes,  containing  a  lozengie  dya- 
monde in  the  toppe,  with  3  dyamondes  on  eyther  syde  of  the  ring.  Geven  by 
the  Lady  Sydneye. 

1  From  Sloane  MS.  814 ;  enlarged  from  the  Lists  referred  to  in  1573-4,  in  the  Library  of  the  late 
Thomas  Astle,  Esq.  In  this  booke  are  contained  all  suche  "  Juells  as  are  delyvered  to  Maistres  Kathe- 
rine  Howarde,  one  of  thev  Gentlewomen  of  her  Majestie's  Privy  Chamber,  from  time  to  time  to  her 
Highnes  use." — This  List  frill  be  found  in  its  proper  date  at  the  end  of  every  year  till  1593-4  inclusive. 


new-year's  gifts  presented  to  the  queen  in   157 1-2.  295 

Item,  a  flower  of  golde  enamuled,  having  a  pauncy  with  an  amatast  lozengye 
and  two  daysyes,  in  the  one  of  them  a  rubye,  and  in  the  other  a  dyamond,  with  a 
butterflye  betweene  them  ;  3  qa.  dim.  of  an  ounce.  Geven  by  the  Lady  Cheake. 
Geven  by  her  Majestie  to  Mrs.  Lucye. 

Item,  a  little  ring  of  golde  enamuled,  with  a  smale  dyamond  thearin.  Geven 
by  Sir  Thomas  Benger,  Knight. 

Item,  a  booke  of  golde  enamuled  and  glased  over  with  two  claspes,  5  oz.  qa. 
dim.     Geven  by  Sir  Owen  Hopton,  Knight. 

Item,  one  fayre  flower  of  golde  enamuled,  and  garnished  with  a  chrysolite  and 
an  emeralde,  and  fully  furnished  with  rubyes,  diamondes,  and  pearles,  and  three 
pearles  pendaunte ;  two  ounces  qa.  and  farthing  gold  weight.  Geven  by  Sir 
Edwarde  Umpton,  Knight. 

Item,  a  fayre  flower  of  gold,  being  a  rose  enamuled  white  and  redd  in  the 
toppe,  andJother  flowers  also,  all  sett  with  3  diamonds,  3  rubies,  and  one  litle 
perle  in  the  midds  ;  halfe  an  ounce  and  a  farthing  golde  weight.  Geven  by  Mrs. 
Blaunche  Parrye.     Geven  by  her  Majestie  to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Howarde. 

Item,  a  fayre  juell  called  pyzands  of  gold,  fully  garnished  with  rubyes  and  dya- 
monds,  and  flowers  sett  with  rubyes,  with  one  perle  pendaunte,  and  another  in  the 
toppe  ;  thre  ounces  dim.     Geven  by  Mr.  Hatton,  Esquier. 

Item,  a  hart  of  golde  garnished  with  sparcks  of  rubyes,  3  smale  perles,  and  a 
litle  rounde  perle  pendaunte,  owte  of  which  harte  goeth  a  braunche  of  roses  red 
and  white,  whearin  are  two  smale  dyamondes,  three  smale  rubyes,  two  little  eme- 
rauldes,  and  two  smale  pearles  ;  3  qa.  dim.  and  farthing  golde  weight.  Geven  by 
Mr.  John  Harrington,  Esquier. 

Juellis  delyvered  by  her  Majestie  to  the  foresayde  Mrs.  Catherine  Howarde, 
and  by  her  Highnes  commaundement  charged  the  22d  of  February,  anno  14° 
praedictae  Reginse : 

First,  one  juell  of  golde,  being  part  of  thistory  of  Samson,  standing  upon  an 
emeralde,  having  also  an  emeralde  in  thone  hand,  and  a  little  rock  rubye  on  his 
shoulder ;  the  pillor  standing  upon  two  fayre  dyamondes,  and  the  upper  parte  of 
the  pillor  garnished  with  a  border  of  sparks  of  dyamonds  on  thone  side,  upon  the 
top  thearof  a  fayre  rock  rubye;  the  backside  of  the  sayde  juell  being  a  plate  of 
golde  enamuled. 

Item,  a  juell  of  golde,  being  a  fishe  called  a  bull  of  the  sea,  fully  garnished  with 
dyamonds  and  rubyes  on  thone  syde,  and  the  other  syde  having  a  fynne  lykewise 
garnished,  and  a  man  kneeling  upon  the  same,  his  boyde  and  hedd  garnished  with 
small  dyamondes  and  rubyes,  The  same  juell  hanging  at  3  small  cheynes  gar- 
nished with  6  knobbes,  having  sparcks  of  diamonds  and  rubyes,  and  a  little 
knobbe  at  thende  thearof,  having  two  little  dyamondes  and  two  rubyes,  and  a  large 
perle  peare-fation  pendante. 


2Q6*  new-year's  gifts  presented  to  the  glueen  in  1571-2. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  chrisolite  garnished  with  golde,  flagon -facy on,  thone  side 
sett  with  two  emeraldes,  thone  of  them  a  little  cracked,  three  dyamonds,  and  two 
sparcks  of  turquesses,  thother  side  having  in  it  a  clocke,  and  a  border  about  the 
same  flagon  of  golde,  garnished  with  8  table  rubys  and  4  dyamonds,  the  foote  gar- 
nished with  4  small  poynted  diamonds  and  12  sparcks  of  rubyes,  and  4  very  lytle 
perles  pendaunte,  with  4  greater  perles  also  pendante ;  the  mowthe  of  the  same 
flaggon  made  with  five  pillors,  a  man  standing  therin,  every  pillor  sett  with  a  litle 
dyamonde,  a  litle  emeralde,  and  a  litle  rubye,  and  6  litle  perles  upon  the  same 
pillors  ;  the  sam  flaggon  hangeth  at  a  cheyne  of  golde,  having  3  knotts,  with  two 
small  dyamonds  the  peece,  also  hanging  at  a  knobbe,  having  three  lytle  sparks  of 
dyamonds,  and  three  very  lytle  perles. 

1572. 

"On  the  five  and  twentith  and  six  and  twentith  of  March,  1 572,  by  the  commande- 
ment  of  the  Queen's  Majestie  hir  Councell,  the  Citizens  of  London  assembling 
at  their  several  Halles  ;  the  Maisters  collected  and  chose  out  the  most  likelie  and 
active  persons  of  everie  their  Companies,  to  the  number  of  three  thousand,  whome 
they  appointed  to  be  pikemen  and  shot,  The  pikemen  were  forthwith  armed  in 
faire  corslets,  and  other  furniture  according  thereunto  :  the  gunners  had  everie  of 
them  his  caliver  with  the  furniture,  and  murrians  on  their  heads.  To  these  were 
appointed  diverse  valiant  Captains,  who,  to  traine  them  up  in  warlike  feats,  mus- 
tered them  thrise  everie  weeke,  sometimes  in  the  Artillerie  Yard,  teaching  the 
gunmen  to  handle  their  peaces,  sometimes  at  the  Mile's-end,  and  in  Saint  George's 
Field,  teaching  them  to  skirmish,  In  which  the  skirmish  on  the  Mile's-end  the 
tenth  of  April,  one  of  the  gunners  of  the  Goldsmith's  Companie  was  shot  in  the 
side  with  a  peece  of  a  scouring  sticke  left  in  one  of  the  calivers,  whereof  he  died, 
and  was  buried  the  twelfe  of  Aprill  in  Paul's  Church-yard  ;  all  the  gunners 
marching  from  the  Mile's-end  in  battell  raie,  shot  off  their  calivers  at  his  grave. 

"  On  Maie  daie  they  mustered  at  Greenwich ]  before  the  Queen's  Majestie,  where 
they  shewed  manie  warlike  feats  ;  but  were  much  hindered  by  the  weather,  which 
was  all  daie  showring;  they  returned  that  present  night  to  London,  and  were  dis- 
charged the  next  morrow  2." 

The  Queen,  intending  a  Progress,  strictly  enjoined  the  Lord  Mayor  to  have  a 

special  regard  to  the  good  government  and  peace  of  the  City  during  her  absence  ; 

and,  for  the  further  accomplishing  of  which,  gave  him,  as  his   Assistants,  the 

Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Bishop  of  London,  &c.  and  upon  that  occasion  wrote 

to  him  the  following  Letter : 

1  This  was  not  the  first  time  that  City  Heroism  was  displayed.    See  before,  in  the  year  1559,  p.  69. 
9  Holinshed,  vol.  III.  p.  1228. 


THE    GUEEN'S    LETTER    TO    THE    LORD    MAYOR,   1572.  29J 

"  Right  trusty  and  well-beloved,  We  greet  you  well.  Although  we  doubt  not 
but  that,  by  the  authority  you  have  as  Lord  Mayor  of  our  City  of  London,  with  the 
assistances  and  advices  of  your  brethren  of  the  same,  you  may  and  will  see  our  said 
City  well  governed,  and,  by  our  good  and  faithful  subjects,  ordered  and  continued 
in  quietness,  as  other  your  predecessors  and  yourself  have  commonly  done  ;  yet,  for 
the  special  care  we  have  for  our  said  City,  and  weale  of  our  good  subjects,  think- 
ing it  convenient  for  your  own  ease  to  have  you  assisted  by  other  persons  of  great 
trust,  wisdom,  and  experience,  during  this  time  of  our  progress  and  absence  in 
remote  parts  from  thence  ;  and  especially  that  no  disorder  should  arise  in  the 
suburbs,  or  other  places  adjoining  to  the  City,  out  of  your  jurisdiction  :  We  have 
for  that  purpose,  made  choice  of  the  most  Reverend  Father  in  God  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  the  Bishop  of  London,  Lord  Wentworth,  Sir  Anthony  Cook,  Sir 
Thomas  Wroth,  Sir  Owyen  Hopton,  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  Dr.  Wylson,  and 
Thomas  Wilbraham ;  and  have  appointed  that  they,  or  some  convenient  number 
of  them,  shall  join  with  you,  to  devise,  by  all  good  means,  from  time  to  time,  as 
occasions  may  give  cause,  for  quiet  order  to  be  continued  in  our  said  City,  and  among 
our  subjects,  and  to  prevent  and  stay  disorders,  both  there  and  in  other  parts  near 
to  the  same,  being  out  of  your  jurisdiction :  for  which  purpose,  and  for  the  better 
understanding  of  our  desire  and  intention,  we  have  caused  our  Privy  Council  to 
confer  with  some  of  the  afore-named  persons,  as  you  shall  understand  by  them, 
willing  and  requiring  you  (when  you  shall  meet  together,  or  some  of  them  with 
you)  for  the  better  doing  thereof,  to  agree  upon  some  certain  place  and  time,  once 
every  week,  or  oftner,  as  the  cases  may  require,  and  there  to  meet,  for  the  due 
execution  of  our  good  meaning  and  pleasure." 

The  Q.  Majesty  with  her  own  hand,  for  staying  of  the  execution  of 
the  L.  0. 1  R.  at  the  2  in  the  morning2. 

"  My  Lord,  me  thinkes  that  I  am  more  beholdinge  to  the  hindar  part  of  my  hed 
than  wel  dare  trust  the  forwards  side  of  the  same,  and  therfor  sent  to  the  Leuetenant 
and  the  S.3,  as  you  knowe  best,  the  ordar  to  defar  this  execution  till  they  here 
furdar  ;  and  that  this  may  be  done  I  doute  nothinge,  without  curiocitie  of  my  fur- 
ther warrant ;  for  that  ther  rasche  determination  upon  a  very  unfit  day  was  counter- 

1  Q.  what  ?  The  only  Noblemen  beheaded  this  year,  were  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  June  2,  after  a 
respite  from  Jan.  6  ;  and  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  at  York,  Aug.  22. 
*  From  the  A9hmolean  Museum,  8440.  (1729,  A.) 
1  Q.  Secretary  ? 

vol.  I.  2  a 


298 


PRICE    OF    PROVISIONS,   1572. 


manded  by  your  considerat  admonition.  The  causes  that  move  me  to  this  ar  not 
now  to  be  expressed,  lest  an  irrevocable  dede  be  in  mene  while  comitted.  If  the 
wyl  nedes  a  warrant,  let  this  suffice,  all  writen  with  my  none  hand. 

Your  most  lovinge  Soveraine  Elizabeth  R." 

On  the  back,  in  a  different  hand,  "  xi  Apl.  1572." 

About  the  same  time  the  Poulterers  of  London,  by  a  combination,  greatly 
inhanced  the  prices  of  poultry,  to  the  great  grievance  of  their  fellow-citizens : 
wherefore  the  Court  of  Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen,  on  the  4th  of  April  1572, 
ascertained  the  prices  of  poultry  ware,  as  appears  in  the  following  table  : 


Prices  of  Poultry  in  Shops. 


The  best  swan  at      - 

The  best  cygnet  at  - 

The  best  crane  at     - 

The  best  storke  at     - 

The  best  heron  at    - 

The  best  bittern  at  - 

The  best  shoveler  or  pelican  at  - 

The  best  wild  mallard  at  - 

The  best  widgeon  at 

The  best  teal  at         -         - 

The  best  capon  at    - 

The  second  sort  of  capons,  each  at 

The  best  hen  at 

The  best  green  geese,  till  May- 
day, each  at 

The  best  green  geese,  after  May- 
day, each  at  - 

The  best  rabbets  at  - 

The  rabbet-runner,  after  May, 
each  at         -         - 


The  best  wild  mallard  at  - 
The  best  capon  at     - 
The  second  sort  of  capons,  each 
The  best  hen  at  - 

The  best  pigeons,  a  dozen  at 
The  best  chickens,  at 


s. 

d. 

6 

8 

6 

0 

6 

0 

4 

0 

2 

6 

2 

0 

2 

0 

0 

6 

0 

3 

0 

4 

1 

8 

1 

3 

0     9 
0     9 

0  X6 
0     4 

0     2 


The  best  pigeons,  a  dozen  at  - 
The  best  pullets,  each  at 
The  best  chickens,  each  at 
The  smaller   sort  of  chickens, 

each  at 
The  best  woodcocks,  each  at    - 
The  best  green  plover  at 
The  best  grey  plover  at 
The  best  snipe  at    - 
The  best  blackbirds,  a  dozen  at 
The  best  larks,  a  dozen  at 
The  best  knot  at    - 
The  best  gulls,  each  at    - 
The  best  goose  at  - 
The  best  butter,  till  Allhallows, 

the  pound  at 
The  best  eggs,  till  Michaelmas, 

five  for       -   „ 
The  best  eggs,  till  Ash-Wed- 
nesday, four  for  - 


At  Market. 

s.    d. 

0  5  The  smaller  sort  of   chickens 

1  0  The  best  woodcock  at     - 
0   10  The  green  plover  at 

0  7  The  best  blackbirds,  a  dozen  at 

1  0  The  best  larks,  a  dozen  at 

0     3  The  best  goose  at  -         - 


*.  d. 

1  2 

0  6 

0  4 


0 


0 
0 
1 

0 
0 
1 

1 


0 

■ 

0 
0 
0 
0 
1 


Qi 


0     6' 
0     4 


3 
2 
0 

8 
4 
8 
2 


0  3 
0  1 
0     1 

s.    d. 

5 

3 

10 
6 
0 


299 


The  Order  in  proceeding  to  the  Parliament  at  Westminster,  on  Thursday, 
the  8th  of  May  1572;  first  to  the  Sermon  at  St.  Peter's  Church,  and  then 
to  the  Parliament  Chamber 1. 


Messengers  of  the  Chamber. 

Esquiers,  two  and  two. 

Esquiers  of  the  Body. 

The  six  Clarkes  of  the  Chamber. 

Clarices  of  the  Signet. 

Clarkes  of  the  Privy  Seal. 

Clarks  of  the  Councell. 

The  Maisters  of  the  Chauncery. 

Bacheler  Knights. 

Knights  Bannerets. 

Trumpeters. 

Serjeants  of  the  Lawe. 

The  Quene's  Serjeant  alone. 

The  Quene's  Solicitor  and  Attornie. 


Vicounts'  elder  sons. 

Marquis'  younger  sons. 

Erie's  elder  sons. 

Dukes'  younger  sons. 

Marquis'  elder  sons. 

Dukes'  elder  sons. 

The  Comptroller. 

The  Treasurer. 

Barrons,  two  and  two. 

L.  Norris. — L.  Cheney. 

L.  Compton. — L.  Burleygh. 

L.  De  la  Ware. — L.  Buckhurst. 

L.  St.  John  of  Bletsoe. — L.  Hunsdon. 

L.  Chandos. — L.  Northe. 

L.  Howard  of  Effingham. 


Barrons  of  th'Exchequer. 

Judges  of  the  Common  Pleas  and  King's  L.  Darcy  of  Chirch. 

Bench.  L.  Paget. — L.  Shefeld. 

The  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  th'Exchequer.  L.  Willoughbie  of  Parhame. 

The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Place.  L.  Rich. — L.  Wharton. 

The  Master  of  the  Rowles.  L.  Ewer. — L.  Cromewell. 

Tke  Chefe  Justice  of  England.  L.  St.  John  of  Basinge. — L.  Mordan. 

Knights  of  the  Bath.  L.  Burgh. — L.  Wentworth. 

Knights  of  the  Garter.  L.  Wynson. — L.  Vaulxes. 

He  that  carrieth  the  Quene's  cloake  and  L.  Sandos. — L.  Mountegle. 

hat.  L.  Darcy  of  Menell.— L.  Ogle. 

Barrons'  younger  sons.  L.  Mountjoy. —  L.  Lumbly. 

Vicounts' younger  sons.  L.Clintayne. — L.  Latimer. 

Barrons'  elder  sons.  L.  Dudley. — L.  Scrope. 

Erles'  younger  sons.  L.  Graye  of  Wilton. — L.  Stafford,, 


1  From  Hart.  MSS.853.  f.  112. 


300 


THE  ORDER  IN  PROCEEDING  TO  PARLIAMENT,  1572. 


L.  Talbot. — L.  Cobham. 

L.  Dakers  of  the  South. 

L.  Dakers  of  the  North. 

L.  Morley. — L.  Burkeley. 

L.  Strange. — L.  Zouche. 

L.  Audely. — L.  of  Aburgavennie. 

Principal  Secretarie. 

L.  Chamberleine  Admiral. 

Vicounts,  twoe  and  twoe. 

Vicount  Bindon. 

Vicount  Mountague. 

Earles. 
Earle  of  Lyncolne. — Earle  of  Essex. 
Earle  of  Leycester. — Earle  of  Herford. 
Earle  of  Penbrooke. — Earle  of  Bedford. 
Earle  of  Southampton. 
Earle  of  Warwicke. — Earle  of  Bathe. 
Earle  of  Huntington. — Earle  of  Sussex. 
Earle  of  Comberland. — Erie  of  Rutland. 
Erie  of  Worcester. — Erie  of  Darbae. 
Erie  of  Kent. — 'Erie  of  Shrowesburie. 
Erie  of  Northumb. — Erie  of  Oxford. 
Erie  of  Arrandall. 

Marquesses. 
Marques  of  Winchester. 
L.  Treasorer. 
L.  Chauncellor. 

Archbishops  of  York  and  Canterbury. 
The  Erie  Marshal,  with  his  guilt  sword. 
The  Erie  coppe  of  estate  for  Normandie 

and  Guion. 
The  sword. 
Pency  oners. 
The  Quene's  Majestie  in  her  robes  of 

estate. 


The  Vice  Chamberlaine. 

The  Master    of  the   Horse,   leading:  a 

spare  horse. 
Ladies,  two  and  two. 
The  Captain  of  the  Guarde,  with  all  the 

Guarde  followinge,  2  and  2,  according 

the  acte  made  31  H.  VIII. 


The  L.   Chancellor,   the  L.  Treasurer, 
the  L.  President  of  the  Councell,  the 
L.  Privie  Seal,  being  the  degree  of  a 
Baron,  or  above,  hath  set  in  the  Par- 
liament,   and    in    all    assemblies  of 
Councell,  above  all  Dukes  not  being 
of  the  blood-riall,  viz.  the  King's  bro- 
ther, uncle,  or  nepthew. 
Thomas  L.  Chamberlein  of  England. 
The  L.  Counstable  of  England. 
The  L.  Marshall. 
The  L.  Steward. 
The  King's  Chamberlain. 

These  are  to  be  placed  in  all  assem- 
blies Councell  after  the  L.  Privie 
Seale,  according  to  their  degrees 
and  estates,  viz.  if  he  be  a  Baron 
above  all  Barons,  or  an  Erie  above 
all  Erles. 
Secretarie. 

The  King's  Secretarie,  being  a  Baron? 
of  the  Parliament,  shall  sett  above 
all  Barons ;  and  if  he  be  of  a  hier 
degree,  he  shall  set  and  be  placed 
according  to  his  degree. 
Nota. — If  anie  of  these  eleven  officers 
abovementioned  be  not  of  the  degree 


ENTERTAINMENTS    IN    FRANCE    AND    ENGLAND,   1572.  301 

of    a    Baron    in    the    Parliament,  Then  Erles. 

whereby   he    hath    not    power    to  Then  th'eldest  sons  of  Marquisses. 

ascend    or    descend   in   the  High  The   younger    sons   of  Dukes    of    the 

Court  of  Parliament,  though  he  or  Blood  Royall. 

they  are  are  to  site  on  the  upper-  Then  th'elder  sons  of  Erles. 

most  woolsacke   in  the  Parliament  Then  Vizcounts. 

Chamber,  th'one  above  th'other,  in  Then  younger  sons  of  Dukes. 

likeorderanddegreeabovespecified.  Then  younger  sons  of  Marquisses. 

First,  Dukes  of  the  Blode  Royall.  Then  Barrons. 

Then  other  Dukes.  Then  elder  sons  of  Vizcounts. 

Then  th'eldest  sons  of  the  Dukes  of  the  Then  elder  sons  of  Barrons. 

Blod  Royall.  Then  younger  sons  of  Erles. 

Then  Marquisses.  Then  Knight  Barronets. 

Then  th'eldest  sons  of  Dukes.  Then  younger  sons  of  Viscounts. 

The  six  and  twentith  of  Maie,  the  Right  Honorable  Earl  of  Lincolne l 
departed  from  London  towards  France,  Ambassador,  being  accompanied  with  the 

1  Of  this  Nobleman,  who  has  been  before  noticed  in  1559,  pp.  75,  290,  there  is  a  fine  Portrait, 
with  a  brief  Memoir,  in  Mr.  Lodge's  "  Lives  of  Illustrious  Persons  3"  and  from  that  entertaining 
work  the  following  letter  from  the  Lord  Admiral  to  Mr.  Secretary  Cecil  is  extracted  : 

"  After  my  most  hearty  commendacyons  unto  your  good  Lordship,  albeit  you  shall  by  the  lettars 
from  my  L.  L.  of  the  Counsel!,  understand  the  good  newes  yt  as  com  toching  the  peece  between  the 
Queene's  Mate  and  the  French,  toching  the  matter  of  Skotland,  yet  I  take  occasyon  to  trowble  your 
L.  w*h  this  my  lettar  yt  it  may  apeare  I  am  not  slothfull  in  wryting  to  you.  This  peace  is  gretely  to 
the  Quene's  honour,  and  this  Reame.  My  Lord  of  Norfolk  is  gon  to  Lyth,  to  see  the  demolyshing  of 
the  same.  The  newis  doth  styll  contynew  of  the  comyng  of  the  yong  King  of  Swevya,  who  bringeth 
xxx  ships  of  war  and  Ix  other,  to  carre  his  trayne  and  vy tells.  Yesterday  the  King  of  Spayne's  Ambas- 
sadours  were  here,  who  reseyved  knowlayg  of  her  Hynes  of  the  peace  concludyd  in  Skotland.  The 
tewmolts  in  France  do  contynew.  Monsur  de  Glassyon  told  me  yesterday  yc  the  Duke  of  Savoy  was 
in  gret  danger,  besyde  his  owne  Towne  off  Nyece,  to  a  byn  taken  by  the  Torks,  but  skaped  naroly, 
his  horse  being  sore  hort  under  hym ;  xii  of  his  prynsepall  Noblemen  and  Gentylmen  are  by  the 
Torks  takyn  and  carreid  away.  The  Kyng  of  Spayne's  lettars  at  Geriby  is  confirmyd  by  other  lettars. 
I  have  lernyd  for  sarten  yt  the  French  preparasyons  are  small  to  the  see.  It  is  brewtyd  here  y*  the 
Dewk  de  Namors  doth  com  w*  a  gret  company  of  Noblemen  to  vyzet  the  jQuene's  Matie  from  the 
French  Kyng.  Many  lettars  ar  going  out  from  the  Quene  to  the  Nobylyty  of  this  Reame  to  corn  to 
the  Corte  agen  the  comyng  of  this  yong  Kyng  of  Swevya.  I  trust  we  shall  be  in  quyat  w*h  France 
untyll  they  have  ther  owne  cowntrey  in  a  good  ordar  and  subjectyon ;  but  when  time  shall  sarve  them, 
ther  wylbe  no  gret  trost  to  them,  as  I  juge  this  peace  hath  ben  parfors,  for  they  were  dryven  to  take 


302  ENTERTAINMENTS    IN    FRANCE    AND    ENGLAND,    1572. 

Lord  Dacres,  the  Lord  Rich,  the  Lord  Talbot,  the  Lord  Sands,  and  the  Lord 
Clinton,  Sir  Arthur  Chambernowne,  Sir  Jerome  Bowes,  and  Sir  Coward  Hastings, 
Knights,  with  diverse  other  Gentlemen,  who,  taking  ship  at  Dover,  cut  over  to 
Bullongne,  where  they  were  verie  honorablie  received,  and  conveied  by  journies 
to  Paris,  where  they  were  lodged  in  a  house  of  the  King's,  named  Le  Chateau  de 
Louvre,  being  attended  upon  of  the  King's  Officers1.  Fivedaies  after  they  went 
to  the  King  at  a  house  called  Madrill,  where  the  King,  with  his  two  brethren, 
the  Admerall,  and  the  most  part  of  the  Nobles  of  France,  met  them  at  a  distance 
from  the  place,  and  brought  them  to  the  house:  where  they  dined,  and  abode  till 
Sundaie  following,  from  whence  the  King  and  his  Nobles,  with  the  Nobles  of 
England,   came  to  Paris  2 ;  the  King,  his  two  brethren,   and  our  Embassador, 

it  in  thys  sort,  or  els  have  lost  all  ther  pypyll  in  Lyth,  being  not  able  to  socor  them.     My  Lord  of 
Penbrok  doth  somvvat  amend  of  his  syknes,  God  be  thankyd,  and  is  gon  yesterday  from  the  Corte  to 
London,  and  so  to  Hynden.     When  other  matters  shall  com  vvorthe  wrytyng,  I  wyll  advertes  your  L. 
From  the  Corte,  the  13th  of  July,  1560.  Your  assured  to  com'and,      E.  Clynton." 

~»  "  For  the  ratifying  this  League  by  the  French  King,  Edward  Clinton  Earl  of  Lincoln,  Lord 
Admiral  of  the  Sea,  was  sent  into  France,  with  a  great  train  of  Noblemen,  among  whom  were  the 
Lord  Dacres,  the  Lord  Rich,  the  Lord  Talbot,  the  Lord  Sands,  and  others.  Jn  like  manner  the 
French  King  sent  into  England  the  Duke  of  Montmorency  and  Paul  Foix,  in  great  splendor ;  that  the 
Queen  might  likewise  ratify  it,  by  oath,  before  them,  and  Bertrand  Salignac  Mota  Fenellon,  his  ordi- 
nary Ambassador.  This  was  done  at  Westminster,  the  16th  of  May.  The  next  day,  Queen  Elizabeth, 
by  the  French  King's  leave,  chose  Montmorency  to  be  a  Knight  of  the  Garter,  as  a  grateful  acknow- 
ledgement of  the  kindness  she  had  received  from  his  father  Annas,  High  Constable  of  France.  Which 
honour  King  Henry  VIII.  had  conferred  upon  Annas  himself,  as  a  pledge  of  the  love  he  bore  to  that 
family  ;  which  has  the  title  of  First  Christian  of  France,  and  is  esteemed  the  most  noble  family  in  all 
France."     Kennett's  Complete  History  of  England,  vol.  II.  p.  444. 

a  On  the  18th  of  June  the  Lord  Admiral  thus  describes  these  Entertainments  in  a  Letter  to  the 
Lord  Treasurer  Burleigh  : 

"  My  Lord,  I  have  advertized  your  L.  from  tyme  to  tyme  of  my  enterteynment  since  my  comynge 
from  Bollyn,  whiche,  albeit,  ther  was  no  ordar  taken  for  provisions  of  the  Kyng's  charges  for  me  on 
the  waye  hyther,  yet  I  assure  you  I  was  vearie  honorablie  used  and  enterteyned,  as  I  have  afore 
wrytten ;  and  as  I  p'ceive,  they  here  weare  utterlie  without  knowledge  that  there  was  suche  ordar 
taken  by  the  Quene's  Matie  for  the  receyvinge  of  Monsieur  Momerancie  in  England,  whereof  there 
hathe  ben  great  mislykinge  taken  against  suche  as  showld  have  gyven  knowledge  hyther.  But  synce 
my  comynge  to  Parris  ther  hathe  ben  as  greate  enterteynement  and  honor  done  me,  in  respecte  of  her 
Majestie,  as  I  ever  have  seene,  and  also  at  the  Kyng's  charges. 

«  On  Frydaye  last  I  was  sent  for  to  come  to  Madryll  to  the  Kyng.  ThePrynce  Dolphyn,  wth  many 
Noblemen,  wher'of  the  Marshal  Cossie,  being  one,  dyd  accompany  me  to  the  Court,  wheare  at  my 
comyng  the  Kyng  dyd  welcom  me  vearie  honorablie,  his  brethren,  and  a  great  assemblie  of  Noble- 


ENTERTAINMENTS  IN  FRANCE  AND  ENGLAND,  1572.  303 

riding  in  one  coch  togither,  and  the  Nobles  of  England  and  France  being  so 
placed  also  in  coches,  came  to  the  said  Castle  of  Louvre,  and  there  dined.  After 
dinner  the  King,  our  Ambassador,  with  the  Nobility  of  both  Realmes,  went  to 
a  Church  named  St.  Germane,  where  the  French  King,  his  brethren,  and  Nobi- 

raen  being  wyth  hym.  That  daie  the  Kyng  cawsed  me,  and  the  jQuene's  Mat's  Imbassadors,  to  dyne 
wth  him  and  his  brethren.  We  weare  aftar  dyner  browght  to  the  Quene  his  wyfe,  by  the  Duke 
Dolanson,  at  whiche  tyme  the  Quene  Mother  was  sicke,  and  so  deferred  our  comynge  to  her  for  that 
daye.  We  weare  lodged  in  the  Kynge's  howse  theare,  and  hadd  greate  enterteynement,  wheare  we 
remayned  Frydaie  and  Satterdaie,  in  whiche  tyme  the  Kynge  used  such  familier  enterteynement  as  he 
tooke  mewy  the  hym  after  his  supper  to  walke  in  his  parke,  and  he  played  at  the  tennys  in  the  fyldes  at 
Bandon  with  the  Noblemen,  and  carried  me  late  to  his  Privie  Chamber,  and  did  talke  with  me  vearie 
pryvatelye.     He  had  som  pastyme  showed  hym  by  Italian  players,  whiche  I  was  at  w'h  hym. 

"  On  Satterdaie  he  towlde  me  his  mother  was  not  vearie  well,  but  som  thinge  amended,  and  yet  he 

wolde  have  me  see  her,  and  so  hymself  browght  me  to  her,  and  her  Majestie's  Imbassadors,  she  being 

in  her  bedd,  wheare  I  dyd  her  Mat's  commendacyons,  and  delyvered  her  Mat's  letters.     The  next  daye, 

beinge  Sonclaie,  appoynted  for  the  oathe  to  be  taken  at  a  parishe  Churche  in  Parris  ;  the  Kynge,  wythe 

his  twoo  brethren,  entred  in  a  coache,  and  tooke  me  in  the  sayd  coache  wth  theym,  and  so  passed 

throwghe  a  great  part  of  Parris  to  the  Lovar,  where  he  dyned,  and  greate  and  sumptuous  prepara- 

cion  for  hym,  and  a  greate  assemblie  of  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen ;  and  theare  I,  wythe  her  Mat'1 

Imbassadoures,  dyned  wythe  the  Kynge  and  his  brethren.     Aftar  dynner,  at  Even-songe  tyme,  the 

Kynge  went  to  the  aforesaid  Churche,  and  I  have  not  seen  a  greater  assemblie  of  people  of  all  sortes, 

so  that  it  was  longe  er  the  Kynge  cowlde  passe  the  prease,  for  all  that  his  ofFycers  cowld  commande  to 

make  place.     At  his  comynge  to  the  said  Churche,  wch  was  rytchlie  furnished  and  hanged  with  arras, 

and  a  place  in  the  quyer  dressed  for  the  Kynge  and  the  Noblemen  ;  aftar  we  had  browght  hym  to  the 

quyer,  and  that  he  was  sett,  we  retyred  o'selves  to  a  Chappell  on  the  syde  of  the  said  Churche, 

appoynted  for  us,  where  we  remayned,  accompanied  with  the  Duke  of  Bolleyn  and  Monsieur  de  Lan- 

sack,  and  others,  untyll  the  Kynge  had  heard  his   Even-song,  and  then  we  weare  sent  for  by  the 

Prynce  Dolphyn  to  the  Kynge,  and  there,  at  the  highe  aulter,  he  tooke  his  oathe ;  and  afore  he  dyd 

sweare,  he  towld  me  openlie  that  ther  was  nothing  that  ever  contented  hym  better  than  this  League 

betwene  the  Quene,  his  good  systar,  and  hym,  being  so  noble  and  worthie  a  Princys  as  she  ys  ;  and, 

as  he  dyd  publykelye  take  the  oathe  accordyng  to  the  ordar  in  such  cases,  so  dyd  he,  p'rchance  that  he 

dyd  yt  from  his  harte,  as  the  thynge  that  he  wolde  trewlye  and  justlye  obsarve  and  keepe  duringe  his 

lyfe,  wyth  suche  a  showe  of  a  contentacyon  as  I  have  not  seene  the  lyke.     I  noted  his  speache  to  me 

before  dyner,  spoken  afore  his  brethren,  and  the  greatest  part  of  Prynces  and  Noblemen  theare,  w'h 

was  that  the  ordar  and  custome  hathe  ben  alwaies  in  Fraunce  that  when  anie  Kynge  or  Quene  dyed, 

or  other  greate  estate  of  their  howse,  as  now  the  Queene  of  Navare,   they  dyd  mourne  in  theyr 

apparell,  and  dyd  weare  yt  for  one  monthe  at  the  leaste  ;  but  he  haveing  recyved  suche  cawse  to 

rejoyse  at  this  amitie,  whearto  he  wold  weare  that  daye,  and  for  the  greate  honor  he  dyd  beare  to  the 

Quene's  Mal'v,  his  good  systar,  he  wolde  weare  his  apparell  accordynge  to  the  contentmente  of  his 

mynde,  and  therefore  he  dyd  put  of  all  mourning,  and  indede  he  and  his  brethren  weare  ritchlie 

apparrelled. 


304  ENTERTAINMENTS  IN  FRANCE  AND  ENGLAND,  15J2. 

litie,  heard  Even-song.  The  Noblemen  of  England  withdrawing  them  into  a 
Chappell  till  Even-song  was  doone,  were  then  fetched  thense  by  the  Nobles  of 
France  to  the  King  and  his  brethren  that  awaited  their  comming,  where  was 
confirmed  the   League  which   had  beene  concluded  at  Blois  the  nineteenth  of 

"The  Kyngeupon  Sondaie  last  towlde  me  that  bothe  his  brethren,  for  the  greate  honor  they  beare  to 
her  Matie  dyd  desier  to  have  me,  and  bothe  her  Maties  Imbassadours,  and  the  Noblemen  and  Gen- 
tlemen in  my  companye,  to  dyne  wth  them  uppon  Tewsdaie  and  Wensdaie  next  followinge;  so  that 
uppon  Tewsdaie  we  dyned  wyth  Monsieur,  who  sent  for  us  twoo  of  the  brethren  of  Monsieur  de 
Momeransie,  and  Lansack,  and  Larchaunt,  and  dyvars  others.  And  at  owre  comynge,  the  Duke  and 
his  brother  dyd  mete  us  wythowt  his  greate  chamber,  accompenied  wythe  the  Duke  Monpansier,  and 
his  son,  Prince  Dolphyn,  and  the  Dukes  de  Nevers  and  Bulleyn,  and  Donnell  and  Guyse,  and  the 
Marshall  de  Cossie  and  Danvyle,  who  all  dyned  wth  hym.  At  aftar  dynar  Monsr  and  his  brother 
browght  us  to  a  chambre  wheare  was  vearie  many  sorts  of  exelent  musicke ;  and  after  that,  he  had 
us  to  another  large  chambre,  wheare  there  was  an  Italian  playe,  and  dyvars  vantars  and  leapers  of 
dyvars  sortes,  vearie  exelent ;  and  thus  that  daie  was  spent.  I  doe  heare  that  the  Duke  Dalanson 
doothe  this  daie  make  greate  preparacion  to  feast  us,  whereof  1  wyll  advertize  you  by  my  next  lettar. 
And  thus  I  take  my  lave  of  yor  good  L.  wyshinge  yor  L.  long  lief  in  much  honor. 

Yor  L.  assured  frend  to  com'aund,  E.  Lyncoln. 

"  From  the  Lovar  in  Parris,  this  Wensdaie  in  the  mornyng,  being  the  18th  of  June  1572.'' 
"  Her  hathe  ben  hetherto  no  worde  spokyn  to  me,  ether  by  the  Kynge  or  his  mother,  touchynge  the 
Quene  of  Skots,  or  the  Duke  Dalanson.     Seurly,  my  Lord,  here  is  shoid  gret  contentasyon  of  this 
amyteV' 

The  following  Letter  was  some  days  after  sent  to  the  Earl  of  Lincoln  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester  : 
"  I  wrote  of  late  to  your  Lordship  by  Monsieur  Montmorancye's  messenger.    He  hath  synce  byn  at 
Wyndsor,  and  thear  stalled  wyth  asmuch  honnor,  I  think,  as  any  subject  was.     He  doth  yet  find  him- 
self best  satysfyed  wyth  all  his  enterteynements  that  may  be  ;  and  such  ys  his  noble  and  curteus  usage, 
as  he  ys  worthye  of  any  honnor  that  can  be  shewyd.     He  hath  byn  three  or  four  times  with  her 
Majestie ;  and  to-morrow,  being  Sunday,  the  21st  of  this  month,  he  is  to  receave  a  new  banckett, 
whych  wylbe  the  greatest  that  was  in  my  remembrance.     He  hath  dealt  with  her  Majestie,  ernestly, 
touching  the  Duke  of  Allonson  ;  and,  to  be  plaine  wyth   your  Lordshipe,  hit  semes   her  Majestie 
meaneth  to  give  good  ear  to  yt ;  such  as,  yf  his  personne  be  any  wey  to  content,  I  suppose  she  wyll 
procede  to  some  comunycac'on.     Your  Lordshipe  shall  doe  well  to  observe  him  thorouly,  and  to 
enquire  dylligently  of  his  disposition.     I  wold  be  glad  to  receave  a  worde  or  two  from  you  what  ye 
think  of  him,  I  mene  his  personne.     I  have  no  other  newes  presently,  but  her  Majestie,  thanks  be  to 
God,  was  never  better  in  health ;  so  ar  the  rest  of  youre  frends,  with  my  best  beloved,  whome,  I 
know,  ye  least  long  to  hear  of.     The  Duke  suppes  wyth  me  on  Tuesday.    I  am  bold  of  your  phesants, 
&c.     God  send  your  Lordshipe  safely  and  well  here,  to  whome  in  the  meane  tyme  I  corny tt  you. 
"  In  hast,  this  20th  of  June.  Your  Lordshippes  ever,  R.  Leicestre." 

"  To  the   Right  Honorable  my  vearie  good  Lord,  the  Earle  of  Lincolne,  High  Admyrall  of 
Englande,  in  France." 


ENTERTAINMENTS    IN    FRANCE    AND    ENGLAND,    1572.  305 

April ;  deputies  being  there  for  the  French  partie,  Frances  Montmorencie, 
Reinold  Birago,  Sebastian  de  Laubespine,  and  Paule  de  Foix  :  and  for  the  Queene 
of  England,  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  and  Master  Walsingham,  Ambassadors. 

This  being  doone,  they  departed  without  the  walls  of  Paris,  to  a  garden  of 
pleasure,  where  they  supped.  After  supper,  the  King  departed  to  his  place  of 
Madrill,  and  the  Nobles  of  England  unto  the  Castell  of  Louvre.  On  Mondaie, 
the  Admerall  feasted  the  Nobles  of  England  ;  upon  Tuesdaie,  the  Duke  of  Anjou, 
the  King's  brother;  and  on  Wednesdaie,  the  Duke  of  Alanson  his  younger  brother ; 
and  so  passed  in  feasting  and  banketting,  with  rich  gifts  on  both  parts.  On 
Fridaie,  the  Nobles  of  England  tooke  leave  of  the  King,  and  on  Sundaie  came  to 
Saint  Denis,  and  after  to  Bullogne,  where  they  tooke  ship,  and  returned  into 
England  the  fourth  of  July. 

About  the  ninth  of  June,  Francis  Duke  of  Montmorencie,  Chief  Marshall  of 
France,  Governour  and  Lieutenant  of  the  Isle  of  France,  General  to  Charles  the 
Ninth  King  of  France,  and  Paul  de  Foix  of  the  Privie  Councell  of  the  said  King, 
and  Bertrand  de  Saligners,  Lord  de  la  Mothfenelon,  Knights  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Michael,  Ambassadors  for  the  same  King,  arrived  at  Dover.  The  fourteenth  daie 
they  shot  London-bridge  toward  Summerset-house  at  the  Strand,  where  they  were 
lodged1. 

1  The  names  of  the  Gentlemen  which  accompanied  Monsieur  Montmorencie  coming  into  England 
the  9th  of  June  1572,  and  departing  the  5th  of  July  following;  together  with  an  account  of  the 
jewels,  plate,  &c.  given  to  Monsieur  Montmorencie.     (From  the  Lambeth  MSS.  N°  959.  39.) 

La  Parsonne  de  Monseigneur. 

Monsieur  de  Foix. 

Monsieur  de  Thurrams,  neveu  de  Monseigneur. 

Monsieur  de  la  Roche  gion. 

Monsieur  de  Lannay,  &c.  [30  other  persons.] 

Mem.  That  the  said  Duke  Montmorencie  had  his  expence  borne  by  the  Queenes  Majestie,  to  the 
number  of  vm  w.  I.  st.  and  was  lodged  at  Somerset- place,  and  the  rest  of  his  trayne  at  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  harbingers. 

At  his  first  arrivall  was  sent  from  the  Queen,  by  the  Erie  of  Worcester,  his  Garter  of  the  Order, 
his  robes  and  Collar  of  golde,  &c.  which  he  toke  thankfully. 

Item,  the  said  Duke  Montmorencye  came  to  his  lodging  at  Somerset-house  uppon  Fridaie  in  the 
afternoon,  wheare  he,  taking  his  barge,  with  other  barges  attending  uppon  him,  was  brought  by  the 
Erie  of  Sussex,  and  the  Lord  Morris,  with  others,  to  the  Courte ;  where  he  was  sumptuously  received 
by  the  Queenes  Highness  and  hir  Nobles. 

Upon  Sundaie  he  came  again  to  the  Court  on  Horse-backe,  the  which  horse  the  Queene'a  Majestie 
provided  for  him,  as  also  for  the  rest  of  his  traine,  being  accompanied  by  the  Erie  of  Rutland  and 
VOL.    I.  2   R 


306 


ENTERTAINMENTS  IN  FRANCE  AND  ENGLAND,  1572. 


The  fifteenth  daie  being  Sundaie,  the  said  Ambassadors  repaired  to  the  White- 
hall, where  they  were  honourablie  received  of  the  Queenes  Majestie,  with  hir  No- 
bilitie :  and  there  in  hir  Graces  chappell,  about  one  of  the  clocke  in  the  after- 
noone,  the  articles  of  treatie,  league  or  confederacie  and  sure  friendship  (concluded 
at  Blois  the  nineteenth  of  April),  betwixt  the  Queen's  Majestie  and  the  French 
King,  being  read,  the  same  was  by  hir  Majestie  and  his  Ambassadors  confirmed 
to  be  observed  and  kept,  without  innovation  or  violation,  &c.  The  rest  of  that 
daie,  with  great  part  of  the  night  following,  was  spent  in  great  triumph,  with 
sumptuous  bankets1. 


other  Noblemen,  where  he  was  honorablie  received  j  and  in  the  afternoone  for  his  pastime  were  baited 
the  bulls,  the  beares,  and  the  horse,  and  ape :  which  pastime  ended,  the  Queenes  Majestie  havinge 
provided  a  place  all  breaded  and  deckt  with  flowers  on  the  forrests,  and  also  covered  with  canvas  on 
the  head  ;  her  Majestie  with  the  Ambassador  went  to  a  bankett  provided  for  her ;  which  ended,  the 
Gentlemen  appointed  went  to  the  tourney,  which  was  very  valiantlie  by  them  ended.  All  which  pas- 
times ended,  the  said  Ambassador  was  brought  to  his  lodgings. 

Item,  the  jQueenes  Majestie,  during  the  time  of  his  being  within  the  Citie,  allowed  him  xxx  of  her 
gard  to  attend  uppon  him. 

Upon  Wednesday  following,  being  accompanied  with  the  Erles  of  Bedford,  Leicester  Essex,  .... 

the  Lord  Greie  of  Wilton,  Lords  Sandeys,  Burghley,  and  others,  he  was  brought  to  Windesor,  where- 
upon ......  he  was  installed. 

To  Monsieur  Montmorencie.  gg.    s.     d. 


A  Garter   of    gold  with  diamonds 

and  rubies    -         -         -    -     - 
A  George  and  diamonds     - 
A  wier  Chaine  to  the  same 
A  Collar  of  gold       ... 
Another  George        - 
One  Cup  of  gold       - 


£. 

s. 

d. 

-  48 

0 

0 

-  60 

0 

0 

-   10 

2 

6 

•210 

5 

0 

-  25 

0 

.  0 

342 

7 

10 

Brought  over         595  15 
More  in  divers  parcels  of  gilt  plate, 
2623  ounces,  at  7s.  Sd.        -         -      1004  15 

Sum  total         - 


4 


2 


-  s£.1600  10     6 


To  Mons.  de  Foys  [Paul  Foix,  colleague  with  the 

Duke] 
In  gilt  plate  1149  ounces,  at  7s.  8d.     440     9     6 


Sum  of  gold,  &c.  a£.595  15     4 

1  The  names  of  those  that  met  at  Barriers  at  Whitehall,  June  14,  1572,  the  Montmorencie  and 
his  associates  being  there.     From  Cotton  MSS.  Titus  E.  x. 


Comes  Essex, 
Henry  Knowles, 
Charles  Howard, 
Sir  Henry  Lee, 
Mr.  Weste, 
William  Knowles, 
Mr.  Colshill, 


Mr.  Mackwilliams, 
Mr.  Verney, 
Mr.  Lane, 
Mr.  Buckley, 
Mr.  Hifelde, 
Mr.  Alexander, 
Mr.  Cotton, 


Comes  Rutland, 
D'nus  Stafford, 
Edward  Herbert, 
George  Daye, 
Mr.  St.  John, 
Frauncis  Hervey, 
George  Delves, 


Henry  Grey, 
Brian  Onslow, 
Mr.  Worlington, 
Mr.  Wercoppe, 
Mr.  Benningfeld, 
Mr.  Wiseman, 
Mr.  Bostocke. 


THE    QUEEN    AT    WHITEHALL,    AND    AT    HAVERING,    1572.  $07 

June  14,  Thomas  Lord  Wharton  deceased  in  his  house  of  Chanon-row  at 
Westminster. 

June  18,  the  feast  of  St.  George  was  holden  at  Windsor,  where  the  French 
Ambassadors  were  roiallie  feasted,  and  Francis  Duke  of  Montmorencie  was  stalled 
Knight  of  the  most  Honourable  Order  of  the  Garter. 

On  the  23d  of  June  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Queen's  Chapel  were  favoured  with 
a  Royal  donation  towards  their  accustomed  annual  dinner. 

"  By  the  Queen. 

"  Elizabeth  R.  We  woll  and  comaunde  yo,  of  suche  our  treasure  as  re- 
amynethe  in  your  custodye,  to  delyver  and  paye,  or  cause  to  be  paide,  to  the  Gen- 
tlemen of  our  Chappie,  or  to  any  of  them  bringer  thereof,  the  some  of  three 
pounds,  by  way  of  our  rewarde,  towardes  the  furniture  of  their  accustomed  feaste, 
by  them  yerelye  of  longe  tyme  heretofore  used.  And  theis  our  letters  shalbe 
your  suffytiente  warraunte  and  dischardge  in  this  behalfe.  Given  under  our 
signet,  at  our  Pallayce  of  Westmr,  the  xxiith  daye  of  June,  in  the  xiiiith  yere  of 
our  reigne. 

<e  To  our  trustye  and  well-beloved  servaunte  Thomas  Henneage,  Esquire, 
Treasurer  of  our  Chambre. 

"  This  agrees  with  the  precedente.  Ex.  p  me  Fra.  Frier. 
"  Receyed  of  Thomas  Henneage,   Esquire,  Treasorear  of  her  Majesties 
Chamber,  by  vertue  of  this  warraunte,  xxxi0  Julii,  1572  ixs.  by  me, 

John  Hollofte." 

June  28,  the  forenamed  Ambassadors  departed  from  London  toward  France. 

Julie  13,  the  Queenes  Majestie,  at  Whitehall,  made  Sir  William  Cecil  Lord  of 
Burghleie,  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England  ;  Lord  William  Howard,  late  Lord 
Chamberleine,  Lord  Privie  Seale ;  the  Earle  of  Sussex,  Lord  Chamberleine;  Sir 
Thomas  Smith,  Principall  Secretarie;  and  Christopher  Hatton,  Esquier,  Capteine 
of  the  Guard. 

The  summer  of  this  year  the  Queen  went  her  Progress;  beginning  it  in  the 
month  of  July. 

In   this  Progress  she   went  into  Essex;    where,   from  Havering  Bowre !,  an 

1  We  have  already,  under  the  year  1561,  traced  the  (Queen  to  this  charming  spot ;  which  com- 
mands a  beautiful  and  extensive  prospect  over  a  great  part  of  Essex,  Hertfordshire,  Kent,  Middlesex, 
and  Surrey,  with  a  view  of  the  Thames,  and  ships  continually  passing.  She  was  there  again  July  14 
and  15,  1568;  and  in  1588  confirmed  to  the  inhabitants  of  Havering  their  liberty  to  be  free  from 


308  THE    GLUEEN    AT   HAVERING,    AND    AT   THEOBALDS,   1572. 

antient  seat  of  the  Kings  of  England  (and  where  Queen  Maud  used  to  retire), 
instead  of  going  to  Enfield,  she  lay  at  Theobalds  (the  Lord  Treasurer  Burghley's1 

purveyors.  "  Havering  Bowre  was  an  ancient  retiring  place  of  some  of  our  Saxon  Kings,  particularly 
of  that  simple  saint,  Edward  the  Confessor,  who  took  a  great  delight  in  it,  as  being  woody  and 
•olitary,  fit  for  his  private  devotions ;  the  legend  says,  it  abounded  so  with  warbling  nightingales, 
that  they  disturbing  him  at  his  prayers,  he  earnestly  desired  of  God  their  absence ;  since  which  time, 
as  the  credulous  neighbouring  swains  believed,  never  nightingale  was  heard  to  sing  in  the  park,  but 
many  without  the  pales  as  in  other  places."  Camden's  Remains,  1674,  p.  433. — It  was  named 
Bower,  from  some  bower,  or  shady  walk,  as  Rosamond's  bower  at  Woodstock.  Here  Edward  the 
Confessor  is  reported  to  have  built  a  Palace,  or  perhaps  improved  an  old  one.  It  was  of  free-stone, 
and  leaded.  Some  parts  of  the  walls  are  still  standing,  but  not  enough  to  shew  its  original  form  or 
extent  j  it  being  ruinous  and  uninhabitable.  Morant's  Essex,  vol.  I.  p.  59. — When  Queen  Elizabeth 
was  here  in  1572,  Havering  was  the  property  of  her  Lord  High  Chamberlain  Edward  de  Vere,  whose 
first  Lady  was  Anne,  daughter  of  the  great  Burghley.  The  park  contained  1000  acres.  The  lands 
are  still  in  the  Crown,  but  let  upon  lease.  Besides  this  Palace,  there  was  another  at  Pirgo,  which 
belonged  to  the  Queen  of  England,  where  they  resided  at  their  own  conveniency,  or  probably  during 
their  widowhood,  Havering  being  usually  part  of  the  Queen's  jointure.  The  house  was  built  early, 
though  not  so  early  as  the  Bower.  Eleanor  Queen  of  Edward  I.  appears  to  have  enjoyed  it;  and 
Anne  Queen  of  Richard  II.  held  in  dower  the  manor  of  Havering,  then  worth  ^.100.  Joane,  widow 
of  Henry  IV.  died  at  Pirgo,  July  9,  1437.  The  mansion  and  park  were  granted  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, 1559,  to  Sir  John  Grey;  and  passed  afterwards  in  the  manner  already  related  under  1561,  p.  93. 
To  the  mention  of  Wanstead,  in  the  same  page,  may  be  added,  that  in  the  back  ground  of  a  small 
whole  length  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  at  Welbec,  by  de  Heere,  is  a  view  of  the  old  house  at  Wanstead.  See 
Walpole's  Anecdotes,  vol.  I.  p.  135. 

1  1572.  July  22.    The  Queen's  Majesty  was  at  Theobalds.    Lord  Burghley's  Diary. 

"  His  Lordship's  extraordinary  chardg  in  Enterteynment  of  the  Quene  was  greater  to  him,  then 

to  anie  of  her  subjects ;  for  he  enterteyned  her  at  his  house  twelve  several  tymes ;  which  cost  him 

two  or  three  thousand  pounds  every  tyme  ;  the  Queen  lyeing  there,  at  his  Lordship's  chardg,  some- 

tymes  three  weeks,  a  moneth,  yea  six  weeks  together.     But  his  love  to  his  Sovereigne,  and  joye  to 

enterteyn  her  and  her  traine  was  so  greate,  as  he  thought  no  troble,  care,  nor  cost  too  much,  and 

all  too  little,  so  it  weare  bountifully  performed  to  her  Majestie's  recreation,  and  the  contentment  of 

her  traine.     Her  Majestie  sometymes  had  strangers  and  Ambassadors  came  to  her  at  Theobalds  j 

where  she  hath  byn  sene  in  as  great  royalty,  and  served  as  bountifully  and  magnificently  as  at  anie 

other  tyme  or  place,  all  at  his  Lordship's  chardg;  with  rich  shews,  pleasant  devices,  and  all  manner 

of  sports  could  be  devised ;  to  the  greate  delight  of  her  Majestie,  and  her  whole  traine,  with  greate 

thanks  from  [them],  and  as  greate  comendation  from  all  abroad.     He  built  three  houses ;  one  in 

London  for  necessity,  Cecil  House,  now  Exeter  Exchange,  where  the  Queen  "  supt  with  him  July 

14,  1560,  before  it  was  fully  finished,  and  came  by  the  fields  from  Christ  Church;"  and  where, 

"  July  6,  1564,  her  Majesty  was  godmother  to  his  daughter  Elizabeth  ;"  another  at  Burghley,  of 

competency  for  the  mansion  of  his  Barony ;   and  another  at  Waltham  [Theobalds,  though  really 

in  Cheshunt  parish,  where,  as  he  states  in  his  Diary,  he  purchased  Cheshunt  Park,  March  5,  1570] 


THE    &UEEN    AT    GORHAMBURY,    DUNSTABLE,    AND    WOBURN,  1.572.  300 

house)  three  days ;  and  then  went  to  Gorhambury  l  beside  St.  Alban's,  the  Lord 
Keeper  Bacon's  ;  thence  to  Dunstable2  ;  thence  to  Woburne3. 

Notwithstanding  the  extent  of  this  Royal  Progress  both  in  time  and  distance, 
and  the  many  noble  houses  which  the  Queen  honoured  by  her  presence,  it  is 
remarkable  that  few  or  no  particulars  are  preserved  of  the  various  Masques  and 
Pageants  which  were  provided  for  her  amusement,  not  even  of  this  second 
ei  splendid  Entertainment"  at  Kenilworth4,  except  as  connected  with  her  Majesty's 
Visit  at  Warwick,  which  is  described  in  a  MS.  (called  The  Black  Book)  be- 
longing to  the  Corporation  of  Warwick ;  from  which,  therefore,  I  subjoin  some 
ample  extracts. 

"  Be  it  remembrid,  that  in  the  yere  of  our  Lord  God  15 72,  and  in  the  fourtenith 
yere  of  the  reigne  of  our  Sovereigne  Lady  Quene  Elizabeth,  the  12th  day  of 
August  in  the  said  yere,  it  pleased  our  said  Sovereigne  Lady  to  visit  this  Borough 
of  Warwick  in  her  Highnes'  person  ;  whereof  the  Bailief  of  this  Borough  and  the 

for  his  younger  sonne ;  which,  at  the  first,  he  meant  for  a  little  pile,  as  I  have  heard  him  saie ; 
but,  after  he  came  to  enterteyne  the  jQuene  so  often  there,  he  was  inforced  to  enlarge  it,  rather  for 
the  Quene  and  her  greate  traine,  and  to  sett  the  poore  in  order,  than  for  pompe  or  glory  ;  for  he 
ever  said,  it  would  be  too  big  for  the  small  living  he  could  leave  his  sonne.  The  other  two  are  but 
convenient,  and  be  no  bigger  than  will  serve  for  a  Nobleman ;  all  of  them  perfected,  convenient,  and 
to  better  purpose  for  habitation  than  many  others  built  by  great  Noblemen,  being  all  beautiful,  uni- 
form, necessary,  and  well  seated  j  which  are  greate  arguments  of  his  wisdom  and  judgement.  He 
greatly  delighted  in  making  gardens,  fountains,  and  walks ;  which  at  Theobalds  were  perfected 
most  costly,  beautyfully,  and  pleasantly;  where  one  might  walk  two  miles  in  the  walk  before  he  came 
to  their  ends.  When  Lord  Burghley  fell  sick,  he  wrote  to  the  Queen,  for  leave  to  lay  down  his 
offices.  Her  Majesty  visited  and  comforted  him.  The  servants  at  the  chamber-door  desiring  her  to 
stoop,  she  generously  answered,  "  For  your  master's  sake  I  will  stoop,  but  not  for  the  King  of 
Spain's."     Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa,  vol.  I.  pp.  25,  40,  233.     And  see  before,  p.  291. 

■  Of  this  Visit  we  have  no  description.  The  Queen  was  again  at  Gorhambury  in  1577;  and  of 
the  expence  of  that  Entertainment  we  liave  a  particular  account. 

*  It  is  not  easy  to  say  in  what  house  her  Majesty  was  entertained  at  this  town.  Kingsbury,  the 
royal  mansion  built  by  Henry  I.  near  the  church,  now  a  farm-house,  was  hardly  in  a  condition  to 
receive  her. 

3  Then  in  the  possession  of  Francis  Russel,  second  Earl  of  Bedford,  who  was  several  times  her 
Embassador  to  France,  represented  her  at  the  baptism  of  James  I.  in  Scotland,  1566,  and  carried 
him  a  font  of  pure  gold.     He  founded  a  school  at  Woburn  ;  and  died  1585,  aged  58. 

*  Of  a  former  Visit  to  Kenilworth,  in  1565,  see  under  that  year,  pp.  192— 198.— The  offence  given 
to  the  Oueen  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  though  the  day  is  not  specified,  must  have  been  previous  to 
that  Visit ;  the  preceding  entry  in  the  Diary  being  July  30,  and  the  subsequent  one  August  10. 


310  THE    QUEEN    AT    WARWICK,  1572. 

Principall  Burgesses  being  advysed  by  the  Right  Honourable  the  Erie  of  Ley- 
cester,  the  said  Bailief  and  Principall  Burgesses,  associated  with  some  other  of 
the  Commoners,  after  the  election  of  Edward  Aglionby  to  be  their  Recorder  in 
place  of  Sir  William  Wigston,  Knight,  prepared  themselves,  according  to  their 
bounden  duety,  to  attend  her  Hieghnes  at  the  uttermost  confynes  of  their 
Libertye,  towards  the  place  from  whence  her  Majesty  should  come  from  dynner, 
which  was  at  Ichington  lt  the  house  of  Edward  Fysher,  being  two  miles  from 
Warwick,  where  it  pleased  her  Highhes  to  dyne  the  said  12th  of  August,  being 
Monday ;  the  direct  way  from  thence  leading  by  Tachebrok  2,  and  so  through 
Myton3  Field.  And  therefore  it  was  thought  convenient  by  the  said  Bailief, 
Recorder,  and  Burgesses,  to  expect  her  Majesty  at  the  gate  betweene  Tachebrok 
feld  and  Myton  feld.  Nevertheless  the  weather  having  bene  .very  fowle  long  tyme 
before,  and  the  way  much  staynid  with  carriage,  her  Majesty  was  led  an  other 
way  thorough  Chesterton  pastures,  and  so  by  Okeley,  and  by  that  meanes 
came  towards  the  Towne  by  Fourd  Myl  ;  whereof  the  said  Bailief,  Recorder, 
and  Burgesses  having  word,  they  left  the  place  afore  taken,  and  resorted  to 
the  said  Four  Myl  Hill ;  where  being  placid  in  order,  first  the  Bailief,  than  the 
Recorder,  than  eich  of  the  Principall  Burgesses,  in  order  kneling,  and  behind 
Mr.  Bailief  knelid  Mr.  Griffyn,  Preacher;  her  Majesty,  about  three  of  the 
clok,  in  her  coache,  accompanyed  with  the  Lady  of  Warwick  in  the  same  coache, 
and  many  other  Ladys  and  Lordes  attending ;  namely,  the  Lord  Burghley, 
latelv  made  Lord  Tresurer  of  Englond  ;  the  Earle  of  Sussex,  lately  made  Lord 
Chamberleyne  to  her  Majesty;  the  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham,   lately   made 

1  Bishop's  Ichington,  so  called  from  having  long  been  part  of  the  possessions  of  the  Bishops  of 
Lichfield  and  Coventry,  is  divided  into  two  parts,  Ichington  Superior,  and  Ichington  Inferior;  and 
was  alienated  from  the  See,  1  Edw.  VI.  to  Thomas  Fisher,  Esq.  (Secretary  to  the  Duke  of  Somerset, 
Lord  Protector),  whom  Dugdale  represents  to  have  been  "  as  greedy  of  Church  Lands  as  other 
Courtiers  were;"  observing,  that  "  he  swallowed  divers  large  morsels,  whereof  this  was  one;  made 
an  absolute  depopulation  of  that  part  called  Nether  Ichington,  where  the  Church  stood  (which  he 
also  pulled  down  for  the  building  of  a  large  manor-house  in  its  room) ;  and,  to  perpetuate  his  memory, 
changed  the  name  of  it  to  Fishers  Ichington."  There  is  another  Ichington  in  this  neighbourhood, 
distinguished  by  the  name  of  Long  Ichington ;  of  which  both  the  Town  and  Lordship  belonged  to  the 
Earl  of  Leicester,  and  which  will  be  duly  noticed  in  the  description  of  the  Progress  of  1575. 

5  Tachebrok  Episcopi  was  another  Lordship  of  Thomas  Fisher's,  which  had  also  been  alienated  to 
him  by  the  Bishop  of  Coventry  and  Lichfield. 

3  Dugdale  says,  "  there  is  no  more  left  than  a  grove  of  elms  in  the  place  where  the  village  stood." 


THE    CtUEEN    AT    WARWICK,  15/2.  311 

Lord  Pryvy  Seale ;  the  Earle  of  Oxford,  Lord  Gret  Chamberleyn  of  Englond  ; 
the  Erie  of  Rutlond  ;   the  Erie  of  Huntingdon,  lately  made  President  of  the 
North  ;  the  Erie  of  Warwick  ;  the  Erie  of  Leycester,  Master  of  the  Horse ;  and 
many  other  Lords,  Bishops,  Ladyes,  and  Great  Estates,  aprochid,  and  came  as 
nere  as  the  coache  could  be  brought  nyeghe  to  the  place  where  the  said  Bailief 
and  Company  knelid  ;  and  there  staid,  causing  every  part  and  side  of  the  coache 
to  be  openyd,  that  all  her  subjects  present  might  behold  her,  which  most  gladly 
they  desired.     Whereupon,  after  a  pause  made,  the  said  Recorder  began  his  Ora- 
cion  to  her  Majesty,  and  spake  as  hereafter  followeth :  <c  The  manner  and  _cus- 
tome  to  salute  Princes  with  publik  Oracions  hath  bene  of  long  tyme  usid,  most 
excellent  and  gracious  Souereigne  Ladie,  begonne  by  the  Greeks,  confirmed  by 
the  Romaynes,  and  by  discourse  of  tyme  contynued  even  to  thies  our  daies :  and 
because  the  same  were  made  in  publike  places  and  open  assemblies  of  senators 
and  counsaillors,  they  were  callid  both  in  Greek  and  Latyn  panegyricce.     In 
thies  were  sett  fourth  the  commendacions  of  Kings  and  Emperors,  with  the  sweet 
sound  whereof,  as  the  ears  of  evil  Prynces  were  delightid  by  hearing  there  un- 
deservid  praises,  so  were   good  Princes  by  the  plesaunt  remembrance  of  their 
knowen  and  true  vertues  made  better,  being  put  in  mynde  of  their  office  and 
government.      To  the  performance  of  thies  Oracions  of  all  the  three  stiles  of 
rhertoryk,  or  fyne  speech,  the  hieghest  was  requyred,  which  thing  considerid, 
most  gracious  Ladie,  abasith  me  very  much  to  undertake  this  interprice,  being 
not  exercised  in  thies  studies,  occupied  and  traveling  in  the  comon  and   private 
affaires  of  the  countrey,  and  your  Hieghnes'   service  here.     The  maiestie  of  a 
Prince's  countenance,  such  as  is  reportid  to  have  been  in  Alexander,  in  the  noble 
Romayne  Marius,  in  Octavius  themperor,  and  of  late  tyme  in  the  wise  and  poli- 
tique Prince  King  Henry  the  Seaventh,  your  Graundfather,  and  in  your  noble 
and  victorious  Father  King  Henry  the  Eight,  whose  looks  appallid  the  stout  and 
corages  of  their  beholders ;  the  same  also  remaning  naturally  in  your  Highnes, 
maye  soone  put  me  bothe  out  of  countenance  and  remembrance  also ;  which  if 
it  happen,  I  most  humbly  beseech   your  Highnes  to  laie  the  fault  there,  rather 
than  to  any  other  my  folly,  negligence,  or  want  of  regard  of  my  dutie,  who  coulde 
not  have  bene  brought  to  this  place,  if  the  good  will  which  I  have  to  declare  both 
myne  owne  duetifull  hart  towards  your  Highnes,  and  theirs  also  who  inioyned 
me  this  office,   had  not  farre  surmountid  the  feare  and  disability  which  I  felt  in 
myself.     But  the  best  remedie  for  this  purpose  is  to  short  of  spech  which  I  en- 


gl2  THE    GtUEEN    AT   WARWICK,   15/2. 

tend  to  use  in  this  place,  who  having  spoken  a  fewe  things  towelling  the  auncient 
and  present  estate  of  this  Borough,  and  of  the  ioyfull  expectacion  which  thin- 
habitants  of  the  same  have  of  your  Grace's  repayre  hither,  will  not  trouble  your 
Hiegnes  with  any  further  talke ;  for  if  I  shoulde  enter  into  the  comendacion  of 
the  divyne  gifte  of  your  roiall  person,  of  the  rare  vertues  of  your  mynde  ingrafted 
in  you  from  your  tender  yeres,  of  the  prosperous  achievement  of  all  your  nobje 
affaires,  to  the  contentacion  of  your  Hieghnes,  and  to  the  wealth  of  your  domy- 
nyons,  I  should  rather  want  tyme  than  mater,  and  be  tedious  to  your  Hieghnes, 
who  I  should  bothe  to  myself  and  others  have  seemed  to  skant  in  praise.     And 
yet  if  we  should  forgett^to  call  to  remembrance  the  great  benifits  recevid  from 
God  by  the  happy  and  long  desired  entraunce  of  your  Majesty  into  thimperial 
throne  of  this  Realme,  after  the   pitifull  slaughter  and  exile  of  many  of  your 
Hieghnes'   godly  subiects,  the  restauracion  of  God's  true  religion,   the  speedie 
chaunge  of  warres  into  peace,  of  dearth  and  famine  into  plentie,  of  an  huge  masse 
of  drosse  and  counterfait  monye  into  fyne  golde  and  silver,  to  your  Hieghnes' 
gret  honour,  whose  prosperous  reigne  hitherto  hath  not  bene  towchid  with  any 
trowbelous  season   (the  rude   blast    of  one  insurrection l  except),   which  being 
soone  blowen  over  and  appeased  by  God's,  favour  and  your  Majesty's  wisdome, 
hath  made  your  happy  Government  to  shyne  more  gloriosly,  even  as  the  sonne 
after  darke  clowdes  appereth   more  cleare  and  beawtifull.     If  this,  I  saie,  weare 
not  remembrid,  we  might  seme  unthankfull  unto  God,  unnaturall  to  your  Ma- 
iestie ;  of  which  thing  I  would  saie  more  if  your  Maiestie  were  not  present ;  but 
I  will  leave,  considering  rather  what  your  modest  eares  may  abide,  than  what 
is  due  to  your  virtues,  thanking  God  that  he  hathe  sent  us  such  a  Prynce  in 
deede ;  as  the  noble  senator,  Caius  Plinius,  truly  reported  of  the  good  Emperor 
Traianus,  calling  him  in  his  presence,  without  feare  of  flattery,  castum,  sanctum,  et 
Deo  simillimum  principem.    But  to  return  to  the  auncient  estate  of  this  Towne  of 
Warwik;  wee  reade  in  olde  writings  and  auntenticall  cronycles  the  same  to  have 
bene  a  Citie,  orWallid  Towne,  in  the  time  of  the  Brytayns,  callid  then  Carwar; 
and  afterwards,  in  the  tyme  of  the  Saxons,  that  name  was  chaunged  into  Warwik. 
We  reade  also  of  noble  Earles  of  the  same,  namely,  of  one  Guido,  or  Guye,  who, 
being  Baron  of  Wallingford,  became  Earle  of  Warwik  by  mariage  of  the  Ladie 

'  The  conspiracy  and  rebellion  of  the  Earls  of  Northumberland  and  Westmoreland  in  the  North, 
1569,  which  were  followed  by  that  of  the  Lord  Dacre  the  same  year;  but  both  soon  suppressed, 
Rapin,  vol.  VIII.  pp.  408—410. 


THE    GLUEEN    AT    WARWICK,    15/2.  313 

Felixe,  the  sole  daughter  and  heyre  of  that  House,  in  the  tyme  of  King  Athelston, 
who  rayned  over  this  lande  about  the  yere  of  our  Lorde  God  ,933.  Wee  reade  also 
that  it  was  indowed  with  a  Bishoppe's  See,  and  so  continued  a  florishing  Citie, 
untill  the  tyme  of  King  Etheldred,  in  whose  dayes  it  was  sacked  and  brent  by  the 
Daynes,  and  brought  to  utter  desolacion,  the  common  evil  of  all  Barbarous  Nacions 
overflowing  Civill  Countreys,  as  may  appeare  by  the  famouse  Cities  and  Monu- 
ments of  Germanye,  Fraunce,  and  !  talye,  defaced  and  destroyed  by  the  Goathes, 
Vandales,  Normannes,  and  Hunnes.  Synce  this  overthrowe,  it  was  never  hable 
to  recover  the  name  of  a  Citie,  supportid  onely  of  long  tyme  by  the  counte- 
nance and  liberality  of  the  Earles  of  that  place,  especially  of  the  name  of  Beaw- 
champe,  of  whom  your  Maiestie  may  see  divers  noble  Monuments  remayning  here 
untill  this  daie,  whose  noble  services  to  their  Prynces  and  Countrey  are  recordid  in 
Histories,  in  the  tyme  of  King  Henry  the  Third,  King  Edward  the  First,  Second, 
and  Thirde  ;  and  so  untill  the  tyme  of  King  Henry  the  Sixt,  about  whose  tyme 
that  House,  being  advanced  to  a  Dukedom,  even  in  the  toppe  of  his  honor  failed 
in  heires  males,  and  so  was  translated  to  the  House  of  Salisbury,  which  afterward 
dekayd  also.  And  so  this  Earledome  being  extinct  in  the  tyme  of  your  Hiegh- 
nes*  Graundfather  King  Henry  the  Seventh,  remained  so  all  the  tyme  of  your 
noble  Father,  our  late  dear  Sovereigne  King  Henry  the  Eight,  who,  having  com- 
passion of  the  pitifull  desolacion  of  this  towne,  did  incorporate  the  same,  by  the 
name  of  '  Burgesses  of  the  Towne  of  Warwik ;'  endowing  them  also  with  pos- 
sessions and  lands  to  the  value  of  ^.54.  I4s.4d.  by  yere;  inioyning  them  withal! 
to  kepe  a  Vykar  to  serve  in  the  Church,  and  dyvers  other  Ministers,  with  a  Skole- 
maister  for  the  bringing  up  of  youth  in  learnyng  and  virtue.  The  noble  Prynces 
Quene  Mary,  your  Heighnes'  Sister,  folowing  the  example  of  her  Father  in  respect 
of  the  ancientness  of  the  said  Towne,  by  her  lettres  patents  augmented  the  Cor- 
poracion,  by  creating  a  Bailief  and  Twelve  Principall  Burgesses,  with  divers  other 
liberties  and  franchises,  to  the  advancement  of  the  poore  Towne,  and  the  per- 
petuall  fame  and  praise  of  her  goodness,  so  long  as  the  same  shall  stand.  Your 
Maiestie  hath  graciously  confirmed  thies  lettres  patents,  adding  therunto  the 
greatest  honor  that  ever  came  to  the  Towne  sins  the  dekay  of  the  Earles  Beaw- 
champe  afore  namyd,  by  giving  unto  them  an  Earle,  a  noble  and  valiaunt  Gen- 
tleman ',  lineally  extracted  out  of  the  same  House  ;  and  further,  of  your  great 

'  Ambrose  Dudley,  created  Earl  of  Warwick,  1581,  4  Elizabeth,  with  remainder  to  his  Brother 
Robert  (afterwards  Earl  of  Leicester),  who  died  before  him. 
VOL.  I.  2  S 


314  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    WARWICK,  1572. 

good  bountifullnes,  your  Majesty  hath  advaunced  his  Noble  Brother  to  like  dig- 
nytie  and  honour,  establishing  him  in  the  confynes  of  the  same  Libertie ;  to  the 
great  good  and  benifite  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Towne,  of  whose  liberalise 
(being  inhabild  by  your  Hieghnes  only)  they  have  bountifully  tasted,  by  enioying 
from  him  the  erection  of  an  Hospital  to  the  relief  of  the  Poore  of  the  same 
Towne  for  ever ;  besides  an  anuall  pencion  of  fivetie  poundes  by  yere  bestowed 
by  him  upon  a  Preacher,  without  the  which  they  should  lack  the  hevenly  foode 
of  their  soules  by  want  of  preaching,  the  Towne  being  not  hable  to  fynde  the 
same,  by  reason  that  the  necessary  charges  and  stipend  of  the  Ministers  and 
other  Officers  there  farre  surmount  their  yerely  revenue,  notwithstanding  the 
bountifull  gift  of  your  noble  Father  bestowing  the  same  to  their  great  good  and 
benifyt.  Such  is  your  gracious  and  bountiful  goodness  ;  such  are  the  persones 
and  fruytes  rising  up  and  springing  out  of  the  same.  To  which  Twoo  Noble 
Personages  I  knowe  your  Maiestie's  presence  here  to  be  most  comfortable,  most 
desired,  and  most  welcome;  and  to  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Towne  the  same  dothe 
bode  and  pronosticate  the  conversion  of  their  old  fatall  dekaye  and  poverty  into 
some  better  estate  and  fortune,  even  as  the  corny ng  of  Carolus  Magnus  to  the 
old  ruines  of  Aquisgrain,  now  called  Achi2,  in  Brabant,  being  an  auncient  Citie 
buyldid  by  one  Granus,  brother  to  Nero  3,  was  the  occasion,  by  the  pitiful  com- 
passion of  so  noble  a  Prynce,  to  re-edifye  the  same,  and  to  advaunce  it  to  such 
honour,  as  untill  this  day  it  recevith  every  Emperor  at  his  first  Coronacion.  But 
what  cause  so  ever  has  brought  your  Maiestie  hither,  either  the  bewtifulness  of 
the  place,  or  your  Hieghnes'  gracious  favor  to  thies  parties,  surely  the  incom- 
parable joy  that  all  this  couuntrey  hath  recevid,  for  that  it  hathe  pleased  you  to 
blesse  them  with  your  company,  cannot  be  by  me  expressid.  But,  as  their  due- 
tifull  hartes  can  shew  themselves  by  externall  signes  and  testymonyes,  so  may  it 
to  your  Maiestie  appeare.  The  populous  concourse  of  this  multitude  ;  the  wayes 
and  streetes  filled  with  companyes  of  all  ages,  desirous  to  have  the  fruicion  of 
your  divine  countenance ;  the  houses  and  habitations  themselves  chaungid  from 
their  old  naked  barennes  into  a  more  freshe  shewe,  and,  as  it  were,  a  smyling 
livelynes  ;  declare  sufficiently,  thoughe  I  spake  not  at  all,  the  joyfull  hartes,  the 
singler  affections,  the  readie  and  humble  good-willes  of  us  your  truehartid  sub- 
jects.    And  for  further  declaracion  of  the  same,  as  the  Bailief  and  Burgesses  of 

4  Aix,  or  Aix-la-Chupelle.  3  A  legendary  foundation. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT   WARWICK,   1572.  315 

this  poore  Towne  do  present  to  your  Maiestie  a  simple  and  small  gift,  comyng 
from  large  and  ample  willing  hartes,  thoughe  the  same  be  in  dede  but  as  a  droppe 
of  water  in  the  ocean  sea  in  comparison  of  that  your  Maiestie  deservith,  and  yet  in 
their  substance  as  much  as  the  twoo  mytes  of  the  poore  widowe  mencioned  in 
the  Scripture ;  so  there  hope  and  most  humble  desire  is,  that  your  Hieghnes 
will  accept  and  allowe  the  same,  even  as  the  twoo  mytes  were  allowid  ;  or  as  the 
handfull  of  water  was  acceptid  by  Alexander  the  Great,  offred  unto  him  by  a 
poore  soldier  of  his ;  mesuring  the  gift,  not  by  the  value  of  it,  but  by  the  redie 
will  of  the  offerers,  whom  your  Maiestie  shall  finde  as  readie  and  willing  to  any 
service  that  youe  shall  ymploy  them  in  as  those  that  be  greatest.  And  thus, 
craving  pardon  for  my  rude  and  lardge  speach,  I  make  an  end  ;  desiring  God 
long  to  contynewe  your  Maiestie's  happy  and  prosperous  reigne  over  us,  even  to 
Nestor's  years,  if  it  be  his  good  pleasure.     Amen,  Amen.' 

"  This  Oracion  endid,  Robart  Philippes,  Bailief,  rising  out  of  the  place  where 
he  knelid,  approachid  nere  to  the  coche  or  chariott  wherein  her  Majestie  satt; 
and  coming  to  the  side  thereof,  kneling  downe,  offred  unto  her  Majesty  a  purse 
very  faire  wrought,  and  in  the  purse  twenty  pounds,  all  in  sovereignes  ;  which 
her  Majesty  putting  forth  her  hand  received,  showing  withall  a  very  benign  and 
gracious  countenance,  and,  smyling,  said  to  the  Erie  of  Leycester,  '  My  Lord,  this 
is  contrary  to  your  promise!' 

"  And,  turning  towards  the  Bailief,  Recorder,  and  Burgesses,  said,  '  Bailief,  I 
thank  you,  and  you  all,  with  all  my  hart,  for  your  good  willes;  and  I  am  very 
lothe  to  tak  any  thing  at  your  hands  nowe,  because  you  at  the  last  time  of  my 
being  here  l  presented  us  to  our  great  liking  and  contentacion  ;  and  it  is  not  the 
maner  to  be  alwayes  presentid  with  gifts :  and  I  am  the  more  unwilling  to  tak 
any  thing  of  you,  because  I  knowe  that  a  myte  of  their  haunds  is  as  much  as  a 
thowsand  pounds  of  some  others.  Nevertheless,  because  you  shall  not  think  that 
I  mislike  of  your  good  willes,  I  accept  it  with  most  hearty  thanks  to  you  all ; 
praying  God  that  I  may  perform,  as  Mr.  Recorder  saith,  such  benefyt  as  is  hopid.' 

"  And  therewithall  offered  her  hand  to  the  Bailief  to  kisse,  who  kissed  it ;  and 
than  she  delivered  to  him  agayn  his  mace,  which  before  the  Oracion  he  had  de- 
livered to  her  Majesty,  which  she  kept  in  her  lappe  all  the  tyme  of  the  Oration. 
And  after  the  mace  delivered,  she  called  Mr.  Aglionby  to  her,  and  offred  her 
hand  to  him  to  kisse,  withall  smyling,  said,  '  Come  hither,  little  Recorder.  It 
was  told  me  that  youe  wold  be  afraid  to  look  upon  me,  or  to  speak  boldly  ;  but 
1  This  was,  most  probably,  in  1565,  when  she  visited  Coventry  and  Kenilworth. 


316  THE    aUEEN    AT    WARWICK,    1572. 

you  were  not  so  fraid  of  me  as  I  was  of  youe ;  and  I  now  thank  you  for  putting 

me  in  mynd  of  my  duety,  and  that  should  be  in  me.1 

"  And  so  thereupon  shewing  a  most  gracious  and  favourable  countenance  to 

all  the  Burgesses  and  company,  said  again,  '  I  most  hartely  thank  you  all,  my 

good  People.' 

"  This   being  done,  Mr.  Griffyn,  the  Preacher,  aproching  nigh  her  Majesty, 

offred  a  paper  to  her,  and  knelid  downe ;  to  whom  she  said,  '  If  it  be  any  matter 

to   be  aunswerid,  we  will  look  upon  it,   and  give  you  aunswer  at  my  Lord  of 

Warwik's  house ;'  and  so  was  desirous  to  be  going. 

"  The  contents  of  Mr.  Griffyn1s  writing  was  as  hereafter  folowith  in  verse  : 
t     riste  absit  letum  ;  dignare  amplectier  ome  n 

u     t  firmo  vitae  producas  stamina  nex  u 

e     xplorans  gressu  cepisti  incedere  Cale  b 

I     urida  sulphurei  qua  torquent  tela  ministr  i 

i     n  capita  authorum  lex  esteajusta  resultan  s 

s     ic  tibi  demonstras  animi  quid  in  hoste  fugand        o 
a     gmina  cum  fundas  regno  nocitura  maloru  m 

b     ella  geris  parce,  illicite  non  suscipis  arm  a 

e     xempla  illorum  nunquam  tibi  mente  recedun         t 
t     urpe  quibus  visum  magna  cum  clade  preess  e 

a     lma  vernis  vultu,  sed  Christus  pectore  fertu  r 

v     ere  ut  fervescat  cor  religionis  amor  e 

i     n  verbis  Pallas,  factis  Astrea  tenetu  r 

r     ara  ut  Penelope  regia,  nescia  Debora  vine  i 

o     men  triste  absit ;  defuncta  propagine  vive  *  ' 

Glorias  Anglorum  modo  non  cadente 
Te  cadit  flos,  sed  perit  ipsa  radix. 
Regio  ni  ex  te  solio  quiescat 

Sceptrifer  hseres. 

Apparent  tenebrse  occidente  sole, 

Alternantque  vices  quies  laborque. 
Postquam  federa  desiere  pacis 

Squalet  terribilis  lues  Mavortis, 

'  The  initials  and  finals  make  Tu  Elizabeta  viro  nubis,  o  mater  eris. 


THE  aUEEN  AT  WARWICK,  1572.  317 

Queque  olim  Nemesis  reciprocatur  : 

Que  sunt  ante  pedes  videre  tantum 
Non  prudentis  erit,  futura  longe 

Quam  sint  prospicere  est  opus  laborque ; 
Est  solum  patriae  salutis  ardor 

Quo  post  funera  regium  relucet 
Nomen  sidereo  nitens  vigore; 

Nee  cum  corporis  interit  ruina. 
Hec  quorsum  ?  an  patriae  studere  cessas  ? 

Quo  cessas  minus,  hoc  magis  supersis 
Omnes  unisono  ore  vota  fundunt. 

At  vitae  notuere  terminos  dii, 
Atque  equo  pede  pauperum  tabernas 

Pulsat  mors  tetra,  principumque  turres, 
Vivunt  prole  tamen  sua  parentes. 

Sed  quid  plura  ?     Deo  regente,  reges. 


a 


Theis  verses  her  Majestie  deliverid  to  the  Countes  of  Warwik,  riding  with  her 
in  the  coache;  and  my  Lady  of  Warwik  showid  them  to  Master  Aglionby,  and 
Master  Aglionby  to  this  writer,  who  took  a  copie  of  them. 

"  Then  the  Bailief,  Recorder,  and  principal  Burgesses,  with  their  assistants, 
were  commaunded  to  their  horses,  which  they  took  with  as  good  spede  as  they 
might,  and  in  order  rode  two  and  two  togither  before  her  Majestie,  from  the 
Fourd  Mil  Hill  till  they  cam  to  the  Castell  gete ;  and  thus  were  they  marshallid 
by  the  Heralds  and  Gentlemen  Ushers. 

"  First,  the  Attendantes  or  Assistants  to  the  Bailief,  to  the  nomber  of  thirty, 
two  and  two  togither,  in  coates  of  puke  l9  laid  on  with  lace ;  than  the  twelve 
principall  Burgesses  in  gownes  of  puke,  lyned  with  satten  and  damask,  upon  foot- 
clothes  ;  then  two  Bishoppes ;  then  the  Lords  of  the  Counsail ;  then  next  before 
the  Quene's  Majestie  was  placed  the  Bailief  in  a  gowne  of  scarlet,  on  the  right 
hand  of  the  Lord  Compton2,   who  than  was  High  Shiref  of   this  Shire,  and 

1    Grey  colour.     So  puke  stockings,  in  Shakspeare's  Henry  IV.  part  I.  Scene  iv.  are  grey  stockings. 

4  Henry  Compton,  born  Feb.  16,  1537-8,  was  knighted  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  at  Arundel  House, 
Feb.  10,  1566  j  and  being  called  by  writ  to  the  House  of  Peers,  8  Maii,  1572,  as  Baron  Compton  of 
Compton  (during  the  year  of  his  Shrievalty),  was  accordingly  admitted,  and  took  his  place  in  the 
House.     He  died  at  his  seat  at  Compton  in  1589,  and  was  honourably  buried  in  Compton  Church. 


3l8  THE    QUEEN    AT    WARWICK,  AND    KENILWORTH,  1572. 

therefore  woldri  have  carried  up  his  rod  into  the  Towne ;  which  was  forbidden 
him  by  the  Heralds  and  Gentlemen  Ushers,  who  therefore  had  placid  the  Bailief 
on  the  right  hand  with  his  mace.  And  in  this  maner  her  Hieghnes  was  conveid 
to  the  Castell  gate,  where  the  said  principal  Burgesses  and  Assistants  staid,  every 
man  in  his  order,  deviding  themselfs  on  either  side,  making  a  lane  or  roume  where 
her  Majestie  should  passe;  who  passing  through  them,  and  viewing  them  well, 
gave  them  thanks,  saying  withall,  '  It  is  a  wel-favored  and  comely  Company.' 
What  that  meant,  let  him  divyne  that  can. 

"  The  Bailief  nevertheles  rode  into  the  Castell,  still  carrieng  his  mace,  being 
so  directid  by  the  Gentlemen  Ushers  and  Heralds,  and  so  attendith  her  Majestie 
up  into  the  Hall.  Which  done,  he  reparid  home,  on  whom  the  principal  Bur- 
gesses and  Commoners  attended  to  his  house;  from  whence  every  man  repayred 
to  his  own  home ;  and  Mr.  Recorder  went  with  John  Fisher,  where  he  was 
simply  lodgid,  because  the  best  lodgings  were  taken  up  by  Mr.  pomptroller. 
That  Monday  night  her  Majesty  tarryed  at  Warwik,  and  so  all  Tuesday. 

"  On  Wensday  she  desired  to  go  to  Kenelworth,  leaving  her  houshold  and 
trayne  still  at  Warwik ;  and  so  was  on  Wensday  morning  conveid  through  the 
streets  to  the  North  gate,  and  from  thens  thorough  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher's  groundes, 
and  so  by  Woodloes,  the  fairest  way  to  Kenelworth,  where  she  restid,  at  the 
chardge  of  the  Lord  of  Leicester,  from  Wensday  morning  till  Saturday  night, 
having  in  the  mean  tyme  such  Princely  Sports  made  to  her  Majesty  as  could  be 
devised. 

"  On  Saturday  night  very  late  her  Majesty  returned  to  Warwik ;  and  because 
she  wold  see  what  chere  my  Lady  of  Warwik  made,  she  sodenly  went  into 
Mr.  Thomas  Fisher's  house ;  and  there  fynding  them  at  supper,  satt  downe 
a-while,  and  after  a  little  repast  rose  agayne,  leaving  the  rest  at  supper,  and  went 
to  visite  the  good  man  of  the  house,  Thomas  Fisher,  who  at  that  time  was 
grevously  vexid  with  the  gowt ;  who  being  brought  out  into  the  galory,  and  woold 
have  knelid,  or  rather  fallen  downe,  but  her  Majesty  would  not  suffer  it,  but  with 
most  gracious  words  comfortid  him ;  so  that,  forgetting,  or  rather  counterfeyting 
his  payne,  he  woold,  in  more  haste  than  good  spede,  be  on  horseback  the  next 
tyme  of  her  going  abrode,  which  was  on  Monday  following,  when  he  rode  with 
the  Lord  Tresorer,  attending  her  Majestie  to  Kenelworth  again,  reaporting  such 
things  as,  some  for  their  untruethes,  and  some  for  other  causes,  had  bene  better 
untold;  but  as  he  did  it  counsell  rashly  and  in  heat,  so  by  experience  at  ley  sure 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    WARWICK,  1572.  319 

coldly  he  repentid.     What  thies  things  meane  is  not  for  every  one  to  knowe  l. 
But  to  returne. 

"  Her  Majesty  that  Saturday  night  was  lodgid  agayn  in  the  Castell  at  Warwik ; 
where  also  she  restid  all  Sonday,  where  it  pleased  her  to  have  the  countrey 
people,  resorting  to  see  her,  daunce  in  the  Court  of  the  Castell,  her  Majesty 
beholding  them  out  of  her  chamber  wyndowe;  which  thing,  as  it  pleasid  well  the 
country  people,  so  it  seemed  her  Majesty  was  much  delyghted,  and  made  very 
myrry.  That  afternone  passid,  and  supper  done,  a  showe  of  fireworks  2,  prepayrid 
for  that  purpose  in  the  Temple  felds,  was  sett  abroche,  the  maner  wherof  this 
writer  cannot  so  truly  set  furth  as  if  he  had  bene  at  it,  being  than  sick  in  his  bed. 
But  the  report  was,  that  there  was  devised  on  the  Temple  diche  a  fort  made  of 
slender  tymber  coverid  with  canvas.  In  this  fort  were  appointid  divers  persons 
to  serve  as  soldiers,  and  therefore  so  many  harnesses  as  might  be  gotten  within 
1'owne  were  had,  wherewith  men  were  armed,  appointed  to  shew  themselfs  ;  some 
others  appointid  to  cast  out  fire-woorks,  as  squibbes  and  balles  of  fyre.  Against 
that  fort  was  another  castlewise  prepared  of  like  strength  whereof  was  Governor, 
the  Earle  of  Oxford3,  a  lusty  gentleman,  with  a  lusty  band  of  Gentlemen. 
Between  thies  forts  or  against  them  were  placid  certen  battering-pieces,  to  the 
nomber  of  twelve  or  fourteen,  brought  from  London,  and  twelve  faire  chambers 
or  mortyr-pieces,  brought  also  from  the  Towre,  at  the  chardge  of  the  Erie  of 
Warwik.  Thies  pieces  and  chambers  were  by  traines  fyred,  and  so  made  a  great 
noise  as  though  it  had  bene  a  sore  assault ;  having  some  intermission,  in  which 
time  the  Erie  of  Oxford  and  his  soldiers,  to  the  nomber  of  200,  with  qualivers4 
and  harquebuyces,  likewise  gave  dyvers  assaults ;  they  in  the  fort  shoting  agayn, 
and  casting  out  divers  fyers,  terrible  to  those  that  have  not  bene  in  like  experiences, 
valiant  to  such  as  delighted  therin,  and  in  dede  straunge  to  them  that  understood 
it  not;  for  the  wildfyre  falling  into  the  ryver  Aven,  wold  for  a  tyme  lye  still,  and 
than  agayn  rise  and  flye  abrode,  casting  furth  many  flashes  and  flambes,  whereat 

1  Here  some  Court  Scandal  seems  to  be  insinuated. 

-  Every  trait  in  the  picture  of  the  golden  age  of  Elizabeth,  that  "  Reigne  of  Faerie,"  is  a  new 
illustration  of  the  manners  of  a  period  so  conspicuous  in  England's  Annals.  The  new  specimen  of 
ingenious  devices  here  exhibited  to  the  admirer  of  old  English  manners  was  contrived  by  one  of  her 
Majesty's  especial  favourites;  who,  before  he  treated  her  with  the  "  Princelie  Pleasures  of  Kenilworth," 
fed  his  own  vanity  by  taking  upon  himself  the  French  Order  of  St.  Michael. 

3  Edward  Vere,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Lord  Treasurer  Burghley,  and  died  in  1604. 

4  Calibers. 


320  THE    GLUEEN    AT    WARWICK,  KEN1LWORTH,  AND    COMPTON,  157 2. 

the  Quene's  Majesty  took  great  pleasure;  till  after,  by  mischances,  a  poore  man 
or  two  were  much  trowbled :  for  at  the  last,  when  it  was  apointid  that  the  over- 
throwing of  the  fort  should  bee,  a  dragon,  flieing,  casting  out  huge  flames  and 
squibes,  lighted  upon  the  fort,  and  so  set  fyere  thereon,  to  the  subversion  thereof; 
but  whether  by  negligence  or  otherwise,  it  happned  that  a  ball  of  fyre  fell  on  a 
house  at  the  end  of  the  bridge,  wherin  one  Henry  Cowper,  otherwise  called 
Myller,  dwellid,  and  set  fyre  on  the  same  house,  the  man  and  wief  being  bothe 
in  bed  and  in  slepe,  which  burned  so,  as  before  any  reskue  could  be,  the  house 
and  all  things  in  it  utterly  perished,  with  much  ado  to  save  the  man  and  woman  ; 
and  besides  that  house,  another  house  or  two  nere  adjoyning  were  also  fyred,  but 
reskued  by  the  diligent  and  carefull  helpe,  as  well  of  the  Erie  of  Oxford,  Sir 
Fulk  Grevile,  and  other  Gentlemen  and  Townesmen,  which  reparid  thither  in 
greater  nomber  than  could  be  orderid.  And  no  marvaile  it  was  that  so  little 
harme  was  done,  for  the  fire-balles  and  squibbes  cast  upp  did  so  flye  quiet  over 
the  Castell,  and  into  the  myds  of  the  Towne,  falling  downe,  some  on  houses,  some 
in  courts  and  baksides,  and  some  in  the  streate,  as  farre  as  almost  to  Saint  Mary 
Churche,  to  the  great  perill,  or  else  great  feare,  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  Borough : 
and  so  as,  by  what  meanes  is  not  yet  knowen,  foure  houses  in  the  Towne  and 
Suburbes  were  on  fyre  at  once,  wherof  one  had  a  ball  came  thorough  both  sides, 
and  made  a  hole  as  big  as  a  man's  head,  and  did  no  more  harme. 

"  This  fyre  appesid,  it  was  tyme  to  goo  to  rest;  and  in  the  next  morning  it 
pleasid  her  Majesty  to  have  the  poore  old  man  and  woman  that  had  their  house 
brent  brought  unto  her ;  whom  so  brought,  her  Majesty  recomfortid  very  much ; 
and,  by  her  Grace's  bounty,  and  other  courtiers,  there  was  given  towards  their 
losses  that  had  taken  hurt  ^.25,  12*.  8d.  or  therabouts,  which  was  disposid  to 
them  accordingly. 

li  On  Monday  [the  21st]  her  Majesty  taking  that  plesure  in  the  sport  she  had 
at  Kenelworth,  wold  thither  agayn,  where  she  restid  till  the  Saturday  after 
[the  26th]  ;  and  than  from  thens,  by  Charlecot,  she  went  to  the  Lord  Compton's  ', 
and  so  forwards." 

1  At  Compton  in  Warwickshire  (see  p.  319). — Lord  Treasurer  Burghley  thus  concludes  a  Letter  to 
the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  on  the  <23d  of  August :  "  From  Compton  in  the  Hole,  so  well  called  for  a 
deep  valley :  but  surely  the  entertainment  is  very  great ;  and  here  have  I  wished  you." — The  Lord 
Treasurer's  next  Letter  is  dated  from  Woodstock,  Aug.  27,  in  which  he  says,  "  Of  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland's  death,  I  think,  your  Lordship  cannot  be  ignorant.     The  Earl  of  Huntingdon  is 


THE    aUEEN   AT   BERKELEY   CASTLE,    AND   WOODSTOCK,  1572.  321 

During  this  Visit  at  Kenilworth,  the  Queen  gave  a  positive  refusal  to  an  offer 
of  marriage  l,  as  appears  from  the  following  entry  in  Lord  Burleigh's  Diary  : 

ts  1572,  Aug.  22.  Answer  gyven  to  La  Motte,  at  Kenelworth,  that  came  to  move 
marriage  for  Francis  Duke  of  Alancon  (the  youngest  brother  of  the  French 
King),  that  there  were  two  difficulties  ;  one  for  difference  of  religion,  the  other 
for  their  ages  ;  but  yet  that  the  articles  moved  in  his  brother  the  Duke  of  Anjou's 
case,  might  serve  for  him." 

It  was  also  during  this  Visit  that  Thomas  Percy  Earl  of  Northumberland  was 
executed.  This  Nobleman,  who  had  been  at  the  head  of  the  Rebellion  in  the 
North,  was  in  January  157°  treacherously  betrayed  into  the  custody  of  James 
Stewart  Earl  of  Moray,  Regent  of  Scotland;  and  in  July  1572,  for  a  large  bribe, 
he  was  delivered  to  Henry  Gary  Lord  Hunsdon,  then  Governor  of  Berwick ;  by 
whom  he  was  sent  to  York,  and  beheaded  there  on  the  22d  of  August ;  averring 
the  Pope's  Supremacy,  affirming  the  Realm  to  be  in  a  state  of  sedition,  and  their 
obedience  to  Elizabeth  no  better  than  Hereticks2. 

After  her  Visit  to  Lord  Compton,  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Berkeley  Castle ; 
where  Henry  Lord  Berkeley  had  a  stately  game  of  red  deer  in  the  park  adjoining 
called  The  Worthy*. 

Her  Majesty  then  returned  to  her  Palace  at  Woodstock,  where  she  rested 
several  days,  and  where  on  the  21st  of  August  she  was  entertained  with  a  learned 
Oration  from  Dr.  Lawrence  Humphrey4. 

From  Woodstock  she  went  to  Reading5,  where  she  also  remained  some  time; 
and  ended  her  Progress  at  Windsor6  on  the  22d  of  September,  as  Secretary  Smith, 
in  his  correspondence,  acquainted  Mr.  Walsingham,  who  was  then  in  France. 

appointed  Lord  President  of  the  North."— A  subsequent  Letter,  Sept.  7,  is  dated  from  the  Court  at 
Woodstock ;  as  is  one  from  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  Sept.  8. 

1  On  the  subject  of  this  proffered  marriage,  see,  in  page  304,  a  curious  "Letter  from  the  Earl  of 
Leicester  to  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  dated  June  20,  1572. 

1  The  Earl  of  Leicester,  in  a  Letter  to  Sir  Francis  Walsingham,  dated  from  Killingworth,  August 
22,  says,  that  «  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  suffered  death  that  day  5  for  that,  the  day  before,  it  was 
ordered  that  he  should  be  brought  thither  that  day,  under  the  conduct  of  Fisher,  for  that  purpose." 
Strype's  Annals,  II.  212. 

*  The  same  noble  Lord  (perhaps  preparatory  to  this  Visit)  made  new  the  stone  bridge  leading  to 
Berkeley  Castle,  where  before  was  a  draw-bridge  of  timber ;  and  set  up  the  stone  pillars  and  buttresses, 
by  which  the  keepe  and  great  kitchen  seem  supported.    See  hereafter,  under  1574. 

*  Of  whom  see  before,  under  Oxford,  p.  230.  *  See  hereafter,  under  the  year  1575. 

8  See,  in  p.  322,  a  Letter  from  the  Queen  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  "  from  the  Castle  at  Windsor, 
Oct.  22." 

VOL.  I.  2  T 


322  THE    aUEEN    AT   WINDSOR,  1,572. 

Before  the  expiration  of  September,  the  Queen,  who  had  hitherto  been  very 
healthy  (never  eating  without  an  appetite,  nor  drinking  without  an  alloy),  fell  sick 
of  the  small-pox  at  Hampton  Court.  But  she  recovered  before  there  was  any 
news  of  her  being  sick ;  and  falling  to  the  care  of  Government,  ordered  Ports- 
mouth 1  to  be  strengthened  with  new  fortifications,  her  navy  to  be  increased  with 
more  men  of  war,  musters  to  be  observed  in  every  County  at  set  times,  and  the 
youth  to  be  trained  up  to  war;  and  this  when  she  enjoyed  a  profound  peace2. 

On  the  22d  of  October,  the  Queen  wrote  the  following  kind  Letter,  by  the 
hand  of  her  Secretary: 

"  To   our  right  trusty  and  welbelovid  Cousin  and  Counsaillor  the  Erie  of 
Shrewsbury,  and  Erie  Marshall  of  England: 

"By  the  Queen. 
"  Right  trusty  and  welbeloved  cousin  and  counsaillor,  we  greete  you  well.  By 
vor  jres  sent  t0  us  we  perceave  that  you  had  hard  of  som  late  sicknes  wherwith  we 
weare  visited  ;  wherof  as  you  had  cause  to  be  gratly  greevid,  so,  though  you  hard 
of  our  amendement,  and  was  therby  recomforted,  yet,  for  a  satisfaction  of  yor 
mynde,  you  are  desirous  to  have  the  state  of  our  amendment  certified  by  som  few 
woords  in  a  lre  from  ourselfe.  True  it  is  that  we  were  about  xiii  dayes  paste 
distempered  as  commonly  happenith  in  the  begynning  of  a  fever ;  but  after  twoo 
or  three  daies,  without  any  great  inward  siknes,  ther  began  to  appere  certain  red 
spotts  in  som  parte  of  our  face,  likely  to  proove  the  small  pox  3 ;  but,  thanked  be 
God,  contrary  to  the  expection  of  or  phisycians,  &  all  others  about  us,  the  same 
so  vanished  awaye  as  w*in  foure  or  fyve  dayes  passed  no  token  almost  appeered  ; 
and  at  this  day,  we  thanck  God,  we  are  so  free  from  any  token  or  marke  of  any 
suche  disease  that  none  can  conjecture  any  suche  thing.     So  as  by  this  you  may 

1  In  the  beginning  of  October  the  Earl  of  Leicester  and  Sir  Francis  Knowles,  Treasurer  of  the 
Household,  were  sent  to  Portsmouth,  commissioned  to  see  in  hand  the  fortifications  of  that  Town, 
against  the  invasion  of  the  French  or  others.     Stow's  Annals,  II.  673. 

*  Previously  to  her  Progress  in  this  year,  the  Queen  had  written  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  strictly  enjoining 
him  to  have  a  special  regard  to  the  good  government  and  peace  of  the  City  during  her  absence  j  and, 
for  its  better  accomplishment,  gave  him,  as  assistants,  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  Bishop  of 
London,  Lord  Wentworth,  Sir  Anthony  Cook,  Sir  Thomas  Wrott,  Sir  Owyen  Hopton,  Sir  Thomas 
Gresham,  Dr.  Wilson,  and  Thomas  Wilbraham.     See  the  Letter  in  p.  296. 

3  Camden  informs  us  that  the  Queen  had  the  small-pox  at  this  time.  It  is  not  easy  to  determine 
whether  this  Letter  tends  to  confirm  or  to  contradict  his  report. 


THE    GLUEEN    AT    WINDSOR,  1572.  323 

perceave  what  was  or  siknes,  and  in  what  good  estate  we  be ;  thanking  you,  good 
cousin,  for  the  care  you  had  of  the  one,  and  of  the  comfort  you  take  of  the  other, 
wherein  we  do  assure  ourselfe  of  as  moche  fidelitie,  duety,  &  love,  you  beare  us 
as  of  any,  of  any  degree,  w*in  or  relm.  Gyven  at  or  Castle  of  Windsor,  the 
xxnth  of  October,  1572  ;  the  xmith  yeere  of  or  Raign. 
"  My  faithfull  Shrewsbury, 
"  Let  no  grief  touche  your  harte  for  feare  of  my  disease  ;  for  I  assure  you,  if  my 
creadid  were  not  greatar  than  my  shewe,  ther  is  no  beholdar  wold  beleve  that  ever 
I  had  bin  touched  with  suche  a  maladye1. 

"  Your  faithefull  lovinge  Soveraine,  Elizabeth  R." 


Juelles  geven  to  her  Majestie  at  Newyer's-tide,  anno  150  regni  sui,  1572-3,  and 

charged  upon  the  Lady  Howarde. 

First,  twoe  juelles  of  golde ;  the  one  being  an  oystege  garnished  with  two  blue 
saphers  ;  sundry  smale  diamondes  and  rubyes,  with  twoe  perles  hanging  by  a 
smale  cheine  at  a  knotte,  having  two  dyamones  and  rubyes  thearat;  thother  being 
a  litle  tablet  of  golde,  haveing  thearin  a  spyder  and  a  flye  of  ophalle,  with  one 
perle  pendaunte  like  two.  Geven  by  the  Lady  Margaret  Counties  of  Darbye. 
The  same  delivered  by  her  Majesties  commuandement  to  the  Ladye  Mary  Veere. 

Item,  one  riche  carkenet  or  collor  of  golde,  haveing  in  it  two  emeraldes,  4 
rubyes,  and  fully  garnished  with  small  rubyes  and  dyamondes.  Geven  by  the 
Erie  of  Lecetor. 

Item,  84  buttons  of  golde  enamuled,  and  every  of  them  sett  with  a  small  sparcke 
of  emeralds,  rubyes,  and  petles.     Geven  by  therle  of  Warwicke. 

Item,  a  fayre  flower  of  golde,  having  thearin  a  spider  and  a  flye  of  agathe; 
and  garnished  with  rubyes,  dyamondes,  and  emeraldes,  with  one  perle  pendaunte, 
having  a  scorpion  on  the  one  side  thearof,  the  flye  being  loose.  Given  by  therle 
of  Ormounde. 

Item,  one  juell  of  mother-of-perle,  being  Cupido  without  leggs  and  armes, 
sleightly  garnishedd  with  golde,  and  sett  with  15  smale  rubyes,  and  4  smale 
dyamondes,  with  a  short  cheine  to  hang  it  by.  Geven  by  the  Lady  Marques  of 
Northampton. 

Item,  one  tablet  of  mother-of-perle,  and  an  ophall  in  it,  garnished  with  golde, 
and  set  with  2  rock  rubyes  and  2  emeraldes,  with  a  meane  perle  pendante.  Geven 
by  the  Counteys  of  Warwicke. 

•  This  curious  Postscript  is  written  entirely  by  the  Queen's  own  hand.  She  frequently  practised 
this  delicate  stroke  of  flattery  on  her  old  servants,  and  t  e  Earl's  situation  particularly  required  it. 


324  THE  QUEEN  AT  HAMPTON  COURT,  1572-3- 

Item,  a  carkenet,  upper  and   nether  habilliment  of  christalles,  and  small  po- 
mounders  slightly  garnished  with  golde.     Geven  by  the  Countyes  of  Lyncolne. 

Item,  a  smale  cheine  of  golde  with  perle  and  black  harts.  Geven  by  the  Lady 
Pagett. 

Item,  one  juell  of  golde,  whearin  is  a  pellycane  garnished  with  smale  rubyes 
and  diamondes,  hanging  by  a  small  cheyne,  and  one  perle  pendaunte.  Geven  by 
the  Lady  Mary  Sidney.  Geven  by  her  Majestie  to  the  young  Countyes. of 
Huntingdone. 

Item,  one  ring  of  golde  sett  with  diamonds  lozengye,  three  rubyes,  and  three 
emeraldes,  two  sparcks  of  emeralds,  and  twoe  of  rubyes.  Geven  by  the  Lady 
Woodhouse.     Geven  by  her  Majestie  to  the  Ladye  Sheffelde. 

Item,  a  dolphin  of  mother-of-perle,  with  three  dyamondes  and  three  rubyes, 
being  sparcks.     Geven  by  the  Lady  Cheake. 

Item,  one  juell,  being  a  scrippe  of  mother-of-perle,  garnished  with  golde,  hang- 
ing at  three  little  cheines  of  golde,  and  a  smale  agathe  pendaunte.  Geven  by 
Mrs.  Blaunche  Parrye. 

Item,  one  ring  of  golde,  having  seven  rubyes  thearin,  set  lozengywise,  with  two 
small  rubyes  on  either  side.     Geven  by  Mrs.  Arundell. 

Item,  one  flower  of  golde,  containing  a  great  emerald,  and  fully  garnished  with 
dyamonds,  rubyes,  and  three  pearles  pendante,  the  one  bigger  than  the  rest, 
3  oz.  dim.     Geven  by  Mr.  Hatton. 

Item,  one  flower  of  golde  sett  with  a  rose  of  dyamondes  in  the  mides^  with  six 
dyamondes  in  flowers,  nine  rubyes  in  flowers,  whearof  two  bigger  than  the  rest; 
1  oz.  di.  dim.  qa.  Geven  by  Mr.  Charles  Howarde,  nowe  Lord  Howarde.  Geven 
by  her  Majestie  to  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Mannors  at  her  marriage. 

Item,  a  litle  cofer  of  marble,  garnished  with  silver  guilt,  and  sett  with  two 
agathe  heddes,  and  set  with  other  stones  of  smale  value.     Geven  by  Horsey. 

1573- 

The  Queen,  removing  from  Hampton  Court,  where  she  had  kept  her 
Christmas l,  visited  the  Archbishop  at  Lambeth  2 ;  where  she  stayed  all  night. 

1  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  her  Majesty's  Principal  Secretary,  writing  to  a  friend  from  that  place,  at  the 
time,  says,  "  If  ye  would  know  what  we  do  here,  we  play  at  tables,  dance,  and  keep  Christmas." 
Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  p.  239. 

3  Noiden  says,  "  It  is  affirmed  of  some,  that  the  Bishops  of  Canterburie,  before  the  time  of 
Richard  I.  dyd  make  their  continuall  residence  at  Westminster,  as  they  do  now  at  Lambeth,  and  had 
there  a  most  stately  house  over  against  the  said  Scole  that  now  is  ;  contrary  to  that  which  Leyland 
affirmeth,  that  the  Bishops  of  Canterbury  have  continued  at  Lambeth  since  the  time  of  the  Normans 
coming  into  this  land." 


THE    QUEEN    ENTERTAINED    IN    LAMBETH    PALACE,  1572-3*  325 

That  day  was  Tuesday.  The  next  day  being  Wednesday,  it  was  usual,  as  it 
was  the  season  of  Lent,  that  a  Sermon  should  be  preached  before  the  Queen. 
A  pulpit  therefore  was  placed  in  the  quadrangle  near  the  pump ;  and  a  Ser- 
mon was  delivered  by  Dr.  Pearce.  The  Queen  heard  it  from  the  upper  gallery 
that  looks  towards  the  Thames  ;  the  Nobility  and  Courtiers  stood  in  the  other 
galleries  \,  which  formed  the  Quadrangle.  The  people  from  below  divided 
their  attention  between  her  Majesty  and  the  preacher.  When  the  Sermon  was 
over,  they  went  to  dinner.  The  other  parts  of  the  house  being  occupied  by  the 
Queen  and  her  attendants,  the  Archbishop  received  his  guests  in  the  great  room 
next  to  the  garden  below  stairs.  Here,  on  the  Tuesday,  he  invited  a  large  party  of 
the  inferior  Courtiers.  In  the  same  room,  on  the  Wednesday,  he  made  a  great 
dinner;  at  his  own  table  sat  down  nine  Earls  and  seven  Barons  ;  at  the  other  table, 
the  Comptroller  of  the  Queen's  Household,  her  Secretary,  and  many  other  Knights 
and  Esquires ;  besides  the  usual  table  for  the  great  Officers  of  State,  where  sat  the 
Lord  Treasurer,  the  Lord  Admiral,  the  Chamberlain,  and  others.  The  whole  of 
this  charge  was.  borne  by  the  Archbishop.  At  four  of  the  clock  on  the  Wednes- 
day afternoon,  the  Queen  and  her  Court  removed  to  her  Palace  of  Greenwich2; 
where  on  the  loth  of  March  the  Order  of  the  Maundy3  was  thus  observed: 

"  First,  the  Hall  was  prepared  with  a  long  table  on  each  side,  and  forms  set  by 
them  ;  on  the  edges  of  which  tables4,  and  under  those  forms,  were  layed  carpets, 

1  These  Galleries  appear  to  be  the  same  which  now  form  the  Library.  There  is  still  a  pump  in  the 
quadrangle  below.  2  Parker's  Antiquities,  p.  557. 

*  Skinner,  in  his  Etymologicon,  observes,  that  Minshew  derives  the  word  from  the  Lat.  mandatum, 
sc.  the  command  of  Christ  to  his  disciples :  But  Sir  H.  Spelman,  perhaps  more  justly,  from  the  Fr. 
G.  Mande,  sportula,  an  alms  or  dole. 

4  "  It  had  been  a  very  ancient  custom  for  the  Sovereigns  of  this  Kingdom,  on  Maundy  Thursday, 
in  imitation  of  our  Saviour's  humility,  to  wash  the  feet  of  a  certain  number  of  poor  persons  (corre- 
sponding with  the  years  of  their  own  age).  In  Lambarde's  detail  of  this  ceremony,  as  performed  by 
Queen  Elizabeth  at  Greenwich,  we  find  that  her  Majesty,  being  39  years  of  age,  the  same  number  of 
poor  persons  attended  in  the  Hall ;  their  feet  were  first  washed  by  the  Yeomen  of  the  Laundry  with 
warm  water  and  sweet  herbs,  afterwards  by  the  Sub-Almoner,  then  by  the  Almoner ;  and,  lastly,  by 
the  Queen  ;  the  person  who  washed  making  each  time  a  cross  on  the  pauper's  foot  above  the  toes, 
and  kissing  it.  This  ceremony  was  performed  also  by  the  Queen,  kneeling,  being  attended  by  39 
ladies  and  gentlewomen.  Cloaths,  victuals,  and  money,  were  then  distributed  among  the  poor.  James 
the  Second  is  said  to  have  been  the  last  of  our  Monarchs  who  performed  this  ceremony  in  person.  It 
was  afterwards  performed  by  the  Almoner.     The  dole  to  the  poor  is  still  kept  up." 

Lysons,  vol.  IV.  p.  433. 


$26  ORDER    OF   THE    MAUNDY    AT    GREENWICH,   1572~3. 

and  cushions  for  her  Majesty  to  kneel,  when  she  would  wash  them  (the  poor). 
There  was  also  another  table  laid  across   the  upper  end  of  the  Hall,  somewhat 
above  the  foot  pace  for  the  Chappelan  to  stand  at.     A  little  beneath  the  midst 
whereof,  and  beneath  the  foot  pace,  a  stool  and  cushion  of  estate  was  pitched,  for 
her  Majesty  to  kneel  at  during  service  time.     This  done,  the  holy-water  basons, 
alms,  and  other  things,  being  brought  into  the  Hall;  and  the  Chappelan  and  poor 
folks  having  taken  their  said  places,  the  Yeomen  of  the  Laundry,  armed  with  a 
fair  towell,  and  taking  a  silver  bason  filled  with  warm  water  and  flowers,  washed 
their  feet,  all,  one  after  another,  wiped  the  same  with  his  towel,  and  so,  making 
across-a  little  above  the  toes,  kissed  them.     After  him,  within  a  while  followed 
the  Sub-Almoner,  doing  likewise,  and  after  him  the  Almoner  himself  also;  then, 
lastly,  her  Majesty  came  into  the  Hall,  and,  after  some  singing  and  prayers  made, 
and  the  Gospel  of  Christ's  washing  his  disciples  feet  read,  thirty-nine  ladies  and 
gentlewomen  (for  so  many  were  the  poor  folks,  according  to  the  number  of  the  years 
complete  of  her  Majesty's  age)  addressed  themselves  with  aprons  and  towels  to 
wait  upon  her  Majesty ;  and  she,  kneeling  down  upon  the  cushions  and  carpets 
under  the  feet  of  the  poor  women,  first  washed  one  foot  of  every  of  them  in  so 
many  several  basons  of  warm  water  and  sweet  flowers,  brought  to  her  severally 
by  the  said   ladies   and  gentlewomen,   then  wiped,   crossed,   and    kissed  them, 
as  the  Almoner  and  others  had  done  before.      When  her  Majesty  has   thus 
gone  through   the  whole  number  of  thirty-nine  (of  which  twentie  sat  on  the 
one  side   of   the   Hall,   and   nineteen   on  the  other),  she   resorted   to  the  first 
again,  and    gave  to  each  one  certain  yards  of   broad-cloth   to  make  a   gown. 
Thirdly,   she  began  at  the   first,   and   gave   to  each  of   them  a  pair  of  shoes. 
Fourthly,  to  each   of  them  a  wooden  platter,   wherein  was  half  a   side  of  sal- 
mon, as  much  lyng,  six  red  herrings,  and  two  cheat1  loafs  of  bread.     Fifthly, 
she    began   with  the    first    again,   and   gave   to  each   of  them    a  white  wooden 
dish  with  claret  wine.     Sixthly,  she  received  of  each  Waiting  Lady  and  Gentle- 
woman their  towel  and  apron,  and  gave  to  each  poor  woman  one  of  the  same. 
And  after  this  the  Ladies  and  Gentlewomen  waited  no  longer,  nor  served  as  they 
had  done  throughout  the  courses  before ;  but  then  the  Treasurer  of  the  Chamber 
(Mr.  Henneage)  came  to  her  Majesty  with  thirty-nine  small  white  purses  where- 
in were  also  thirty-nine  pence  (as  they  say)  after  the  number  of  the  years  of  her 

1  Cheat,  for  chet,  and  that  for  manchet,  a  small  white  loaf.     T.  Morell. 


ORDER    OF  THE    MAUNDY   AT    GREENWICH,  1572-3-  ,327 

Majesty's  age ;  and  of  him  she  received  and  distributed  them  severally ;  which 
done,  she  received  of  him  several  red  leather  purses,  each  containing  twenty  shil- 
lings, for  the  redemption  of  her  Majesty's  gown,  which  (as  men  say)  by  ancient 
order  she  ought  to  give  to  some  one  of  them  at  her  pleasure;  but  she,  to  avoid 
the  trouble  of  suit,  which  accustomably  was  made  for  that  preferment,  had 
changed  that  reward  into  money,  to  be  equally  divided  amongst  them  all, 
namely,  twenty  shillings  apiece  ;  and  those  she  also  delivered  particularly  to  each 
one  of  the  whole  company ;  and  so  taking  her  ease  upon  the  cushion  of  state, 
and  hearing  the  choir  a  little  while,  her  Majesty  withdrew  herself,  and  the 
company  departed  ;  for  it  was  by  that  time  the  sun-setting. 

W.  L.1" 

The  following  Orders  from  the  Queen's  Commissioners  at  Oxford  to  deface  all 
Monuments  of  Superstition  within  All  Souls  College  is  a  continuation  of  those 
printed  pp.  247- — 250  ;  in  consequence  of  the  Queen's  Visit  to  Oxford  in  1566. 

Whereas  by  credible  report  we  are  informed  that  as  yet  there  are  remaining 
in  your  College  divers  monuments  of  superstition  undefaced :  These  be,  by  virtue 
of  the  Queen's  Majesty's  Commission  to  us  directed,  to  wyl  and  commande  you 
forthwith  upon  the  sight  hereof  utterlye  to  deface,  or  cause  to  be  defaced,  so  that 
they  may  not  hereafter  serve  to  any  superstitious  purpose,  all  copes,  vestments, 
albes,  missals,  books,  crosses,  and  such  other  idolatrous  and  superstitious  monu- 
ments whatsoever,  and  within  eight  days  after  the  receipt  hereof  to  bringe  true 
certificate  of  their  whole  doinge  herein  to  us  or  our  colleagues,  whereof  fayle  you 
not,  as  you  will  answere  to  the  contrary  at  your  perill. 

From  Magdalen  College  in  Oxforde,  5  Maye,  1573. 

Laur.  Humfrey.  Herbert  Westfaling.    Jo.  Kennall.  Wm  Cole  2. 

Whereas,  by  virtue  of  the  Queen's  Majesty's  Commission  to  us  directed,  we 
gave  this  last  Sommer  commandment  unto  your  College  for  the  defacings  of  all 
monumentes  of  superstition  within  your  College,  requiring  yowe  long  ere  this  to 
have  made  true  certificate  unto  us  of  yower  doinges  therein,  and  hitherto  have 

1  William  Lambarde,  the  learned  topographical  Antiquary. 

*  Humfrey  was  President  of  Magdalen:  Westfaling,  Canon  of  Christ-church,  and  afterwards  Bishop 
of  Hereford  :  Kennall,  Canon  of  Christ-church,  Archdeacon  of  Oxford,  &c. ;  and  Cole,  President  of 
C  C.  C.  Oxford.     Wood,  Hist,  et  Ant.  Univ.  Oxon.    « 


328     SUPERSTITIOUS    MONUMENTS    AT   ALL    SOULS    COLLEGE    DEFACED,  157 2-3. 

neglected  so  to  doe :  These  are,  by  virtue  of  her  sayd  Majesty's  Commission,  again 
to  will  and  commande  yowe  to  make  youre  personal  appearance  before  us  her 
Majesty's  Commissioners  or  owr  colleagues  in  the  President's  Hawle  of  Magdalen 
College  in  Oxforde  on  Tuesday  nexte,  which  shall  be  the  xxn  of  this  presente 
monthe  of  December,  at  one  of  the  clocke  in  the  afternoone,  bringing  with  yowe 
a  true  certificate  of  yowre  whole  doinges  in  the  said  defacing  of  the  sayde  monu- 
ments of  superstition  ;  whereof  fayle  yowe  not,  as  yowe  will  answere  to  the  con- 
trarye  at  yowre  perill,  and  retorne  back  the  former,  and  also  this  writ  with  yowe. 
From  Magdalen  College  in  Oxford  xvn  Dec.  1573. 

Laur.  Humfrey.  Herbert  Westfaling.    Jo.  Kennall.  Wm  Cole. 

The  following  Letters  from  Gilbert  Talbot1,  exhibit  a  curious  account  of  Court 
intrigues  : 

"  To  my  Lorde  my  Father, 

"  My  most  huble  deuty  remembred,  ryght  ho.  my  sing,  good  Lo.  and  father ; 
because  of  the  convenientnes  of  ye  bearer  hereof,  I  have  thought  good  to  advertise 
yor  L.  of  ye  estate  of  sum  here  at  ye  Courte,  as  nere  as  I  have  lerned  by  my  daly 
experience. 

"My  Lo.  Treasurer,  even  after  the  ould  maner,  delythe  wth  matters  of  ye  state 
only,  and  beareth  himself  very  upryghtly.  My  Lo.  Lecester  is  very  muche  w1 
her  Matle,  and  she  sheweth  the  same  great  good  affection  to  him  that  she  was 
wonte ;  of  late  he  hath  indevored  to  please  hir  more  then  hertofore.  There  are 
towe  sisters  nowe  in  ye  Courte  that  are  very  farr  in  love  wth  him,  as  they  have  bene 
longe;  my  Lady  Sheffield  and  Frances  Haworthe 2  ;  they  (of  like  stryving  who 
shall  love  him  better)  are  at  great  warres  together,  and  the  Queine  thinketh  not 
well  of  them,  and  not  the  better  of  him  ;  by  this  meanes  there  is  spies  over  him. 
My  Lo.  of  Sussex  goeth  wth  the  tyde,  and  helpethe  tobacke  others  ;  but  his  owne 
credite  is  sober,  consydering  his  estate.  He  is  very  diligent  in  his  office,  and 
takethe  great  paynes.  My  Lo.  of  Oxforth  is  lately  growne  into  great  credite  ;  for 
the  Q.  Matie  delitithe  more  in  his  parsonage,  and  his  daunsinge,  and  valientnes, 
then  any  other:  I  thinke  Sussex  doth  back  him  all  that  he  can  ;   if  it  were  not 

1  Second  son  of  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  whom  in  1590  he  succeeded  in  his  title.  He  died 
in  1616. 

3  Daughters  of  William  Lord  Howard  of  Effingham.  The  Earl  of  Leicester  married  the  former, 
and  the  Earl  of  Hertford  the  latter. 


gilbert  talbot's  letters  to  his  father,  1573-  329 

for  his  fyckle  tied  he  would  passe  any  of  them  shortly  l.  My  Lady  Burghley 
unwisely  hathe  declared  herselfe,  as  it  were  geliouse,  woh  is  come  to  the  Quene's 
eare  ;  whereat  she  hath  bene  not  a  litell  offended  wth  hir,  but  now  she  is  recon- 
siled  agayne.  At  all  theise  love  matters  my  Lo.  Tresurer  winketb,  and  will  not 
meddle  any  way.  Hatton 2  is  sicke  still.  It  is  thought  he  will  very  hardly 
recover  his  disease,  for  it  is  doubted  it  is  in  his  kidnes :  the  Queine  goeth  almost 
every  day  to  see  how  he  dothe.  Now  is  there  devices  (chefely  by  Lecester,  as  I 
suppose,  and  not  without  Burghley  his  knowledge)  how  to  make  Mr.  Edward 
Dier3  as  great  as  ever  was  Hatton ;  for  now,  in  this  tyme  of  Hatton's  sicknes,  the 
tyme  is  convenient.  It  is  brought  thus  to  passe  ;  Dier  lately  was  sicke  of  a  con- 
sumcion,  in  great  daunger  ;  and,  as  your  Lo.  knoweth,  he  hathe  bene  in  dis- 
pleasure thes  two  yeares,  it  was  made  the  Quene  beleve  that  his  sicknes  came 
because  of  ye  continuaunce  of  hir  displeasure  towardes  him,  so  that  unles  she 
would  forgyve  him  he  was  licke  not  to  recover ;  and  heruppon  hir  Matie  hathe 
forgyven  him,  and  sente  unto  him  a  very  comfortable  message  ;  now  he  is 
recovered  agayne,  and  this  is  the  beginninge  of  this  device.  Theise  thinges  I 
lerne  of  suche  younge  fellowes  as  myselfe. 

"  Towe  dayes  since,  Doctor  Wilson4  told  me  he  hard  say  that  yor  Lo.  wth  yor 
charge  was  removed  to  Sheffeld  Lodge,  and  asked  me  whether  it  was  so  or  not : 
I  answered,  I  harde  so  also ;  that  you  were  gone  thither  of  force  till  the  Castle 
could  be  clenged.  And  further,  he  willed  to  know  whether  yor  L.  did  so  by  y* 
consent  of  ye  Counsell  or  not ;  I  sayde  I  knew  not  that,  but  I  was  certayne  yor 
Lo.  did  it  uppon  good  grounde.  I  earnestly  desyred  him,  of  all  frendshipp,  to 
tell  me  whether  he  had  harde  any  thing  to  ye  contrary  ;  which  he  sware  he  never 
did,  but  asked,  because  he  sayd,  once  that  Lady  should  have  bene  conveyghed 
from  that  house.     Then  I  told  him  what  great  hede  and  care  you  had  to  hir  safe 

■  This  was  Edward  de  Vere,  the  seventeenth  Earl  of  Oxford  of  his  family.  The  following  anecdote 
confirms  Mr.  Talbot's  hint  of  his  eccentric  character.  When  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  whom  he  entirely 
loved,  was  condemned,  he  applied  to  Lord  Burghley,  whose  daughter  he  had  married,  passionately 
beseeching  him  to  interfere  in  the  Duke's  behalf ;  but  his  request  being  refused,  he  told  Burghley, 
with  the  greatest  fury,  that  he  would  revenge  himself  by  ruining  the  Countess  :  and  he  made  his  threat 
good ;  for  from  that  hour  he  treated  her  with  the  most  shocking  brutality,  and  having  broke  her 
heart,  sold  and  dissipated  the  most  part  of  his  great  fortune.     He  died  June  24,  1604. 

*  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  Vice-chamberlain. 

»  He  was  afterwards  knighted,  and  appointed  Chancellor  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter. 

•  Soon  after  one  of  the  Principal  Secretaries. 
VOL.  I.  2  U 


330  gilbert  talbot's  letters  to  his  father,  1573. 

keeping,  especially  beyng  there;  that  good  numbers  of  men,  continually  armed, 
watched  hir  day  &  night,  &  both  under  hir  windowes,  over  hir  chamber,  and  of 
every  syde  hir ;  so  that,  unles  she  could  transforme  hirself  to  a  flee  or  a  mouse,  it 
was  unpossible  that  she  could  scape.  At  that  tyme  Mr.  Wilson  shewed  me  some 
parte  of  ye  confession  of  one  (but  who  he  was,  or  when  he  did  confess  it,  he  wold 
in  no  wise  tell  me),  that  that  fellow  should  saye  he  knewe  the  Queine  of  Scotts 
hated  yor  Lo.  dedly  because  of  your  religion,  beynge  an  earneste  P'testante  ;  and 
all  the  Talbotts  els  in  Ingland,  beyng  all  Papistes,  she  esternethe  of  them  very 
well ;  and  this  fellow  did  beleve  verely  all  we  Talbotts  did  love  hir  better  in  our 
hartes  than  the  Queine's  Matie.  This  Mr.  Wilson  sayd,  he  shewed  me  because  I 
should  see  what  knavery  there  is  in  some  men  to  accuse.  He  charged  me  of  all 
love  that  I  should  kepe  this  secrete,  wch  I  pmised  ;  &  notwithstanding,  consyder- 
ing  he  would  not  tell  me  who  this  fellow  was,  I  willed  a  frend  of  mine,  one 
Mr.  Fracis  Sothewell,  who  is  very  great  wth  him,  to  knowe,  amongest  other  talke, 
who  he  had  last  in  examinacion ;  and  I  understode  that  this  was  the  examinacion  of 
one  at  the  last  Session  of  Parlam*,  &  not  since,  but  I  cannot  learne  yet  what  he  was. 
"  Mr.  Walsingham  is  this  day  comen  hither  to  theCourte ;  it  is  thought  he  shall 
be  made  Secretory.  Sp  Thomas  Smythe  &  he,  bothe  together,  shall  exercise  that 
office.  He  hath  not  yet  told  any  newes  ;  he  hathe  had  no .  tyme  yet  for  beinge 
welcomed  whom  1,  as  soone  as  I  here  any,  yor  L.  shall  have  them  sente.  Roulsdon 
hathe  wrytten  to  yor  Lo.  as  he  saythe,  by  this  bearer,  he  trustethe  to  yor  Lo.  satis- 
faction :  I  have  bene  very  importunate  of  him  for  the  psent  paym*  of  his  dett  to 
yor  Lo.  He  cannot  any  wayes  make  shyfte  for  money  unles  he  sell  land,  which 
he  voueth  to  do  rather  than  to  purchase  yor  L\  displeasure.  I  have  moved  my 
Lo.  Tresurer  towe  sundry  tymes,  as  yor  L.  comanded  me,  for  ye  mustering  within 
yor  L\  offices.  The  fyrst  tyme  he  willed  me  to  cum  to  him  sum  other  tyme,  and 
he  would  gyve  me  an  answere,  because  then  he  had  to  wryte  to  Barwike  in  haste  ; 
this  he  told  me  before  I  haulfe  told  him  y*  I  ment.  The  second  tyme,  wch  was  on 
Saterday  last,  my  Lo.  Lecester  came  unto  him  as  I  was  talking;  but  to-morrow, 
God  willing,  I  will  not  fayle  to  move  him  thorowly.  For  other  matters  I  leave  yor 
Lo.  to  the  bearer  herof.  And  so,  most  humbly  desyring  yor  Lo'.  daly  blessing, 
wth  my  wonted  prayer  for  ye  continuance  of  yor  Lo'.  honor,  and  helth  longe  to 
continew,  I  end  this  xith  of  May  15  73. 

"  Yor  Lo'.  moste  humble  and  obedient  Sun,  Gilbert  Talbott." 

1  He  had  been  long  Ambassador  in  France,  and  was  appointed  first  Secretary  soon  after  his  return. 


North  View,  r/feEntraiice^Poitei-sLodge^/fePalace  <fM$  Grace /fe  ArchMhop  of  CanterWiy^Crojdon.SinTy; 


ScmtliTievr^^  Entrance  ^Porter  sLodg-e  To  /&■  Palace  <^' His  Grace  ^^-ArcrArfhop^'CariteTlyurj-  <r/  Croydon,  Surry: 


7o?Car/er  ,frf?  JejlTH8,*i7S 0 , 


gilbert  talbot's  letters  to  his  father,  1573.  331 

"  To  my  Lorde  my  Father, 

"  My  Lord,  my  Brother  told  me  of  the  lre  yor  Lo.  sente  him  for  putting  away 
of  Morgayne  and  Marven  ;  and  sayd  he  rejoyced  that  yor  Lo.  would  so  playnely 
directe  &  cofhande  him  what  to  doe  ;  and  he  trustethe  hereafter  to  please  yor  Lo. 
in  all  his  doynges ;  wherunto,  according  to  my  deuty,  I  prayed  him  to  have  care 
above  all  manner  of  thinges,  and  advised  him  to  kepe  secret  yor  Lo'.  directions. 

"  I  have  founde  out  a  sober  mayden  to  wayte  on  my  wyfe,  if  it  shall  so  please  yor 
Lo.  She  was  sarvante  unto  Mrs.  Southwell,  now  Lorde  Padget  his  wife,  who  is 
an  evell  husband,  and  will  not  suffer  any  that  wayted  of  his  wife  before  he  mar- 
ried her,  to  continew  wth  hir.  As  it  behoves  me,  I  have  bene  very  inquisitive  of 
the  woman,  and  have  harde  very  well  of  hir  behavior,  and,  truly,  I  do  repose  in 
her  to  be  very  modest  and  well  gyven,  and  suche  a  one  as  I  truste  yor  Lo.  shall  not 
mislike  ;  but,  if  it  be  so  that  she  shall  not  be  thought  mete  for  my  wife,  she  will 
willinglye  repayr  hither  agayne.  Her  name  is  Marget  Butler :  she  is  aboute  27 
yeares  old.  Mr.  Bateman  hathe  knowen  her  longe,  and  thinkethe  very  well  of  her. 
She  is  not  very  beautifull,  but  very  clenly  in  doyng  of  any  thinge,  chefely  aboute 
a  sicke  body,  todresse  any  thinge  fitt  for  them.  I  humbly  pray  yor  Lo.  to  sende 
me  worde  whether  I  shall  make  shyft  to  sende  hir  downe  presently,  for  she  is  very 
desyrouse  not  to  spend  hir  tyme  idely  *.  Thus  most  humbly  desiring  yor  Lo'. 
daly  blessing,  with  my  wonted  and  continuall  prayer  for  yorLo'.  preservacon  in  all 
honor  and  helthe,  long  to  continew,  I  end.  At  the  Courte,  this  Munday,  the  25th 
of  May  1573.      Yor  Lo'.  most  huble  and  obedient  Sun,         Gilbert  Talbott." 

Her  Majesty  came  from  her  Palace  at  Greenwich,  on  Wednesday  the  14th  of 
July,  to  the  Archbishop's2  house  at  Croydon,  and  stayed  with  all  her  attendants, 

1  Perhaps  it  is  unnecessary  to  apologize  for  inserting  this  extract,  from  a  long  letter  of  domestic 
matters,  as  it  affords  so  remarkable  an  instance  of  the  respect  which  people,  even  of  the  first  rank, 
paid  to  their  Parents.     Gilbert  was  at  this  time  married,  and  a  Member  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

4  "  The  great  and  good  Archbishop  Parker  (who  succeeded  Pole  in  1559)  resided  mostly  at  Lambeth ; 
but  was  often  at  his  house  at  Croydon,  where  he  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  jQueen  Elizabeth,  and 
all  her  retinue,  consisting  of  the  principal  Nobility  of  this  kingdom.  I  suppose  her  Majesty  was  so 
well  pleased  with  her  Entertainment  here,  that  she  designed  the  Archbishop  another  visit  the  next 
year :  at  least,  preparation  seems  to  have  been  made  for  it,  as  appears  from  an  original  paper,  dated 
May  15,  1574  ;"  [which  shall  be  transcribed  under  the  account  of  that  year.]  Ducarel's  Croydon,  p.  36. 

"  Abp.  Parker,  who  wrote  a  treatise  "  on  the  Lawfulness  of  Priests  marrying,"  was  privately 
married  before  the  Statute  which  enjoined  celibacy  to  the  Clergy  was  repealed.  Queen  Elizabeth, 
who  could  never  be  reconciled  to  this  part  of  the  Reformation,  is  said  to  have  expressed  her  dislike 
of  it  thus  rudely,  upon  taking  leave  of  Mrs.  Parker,  after  having  been  sumptuously  entertained  at 


332  THE    aUEEN    AT    CROYDON,  ORPINGTON,  AND    PLUMSTED,  1573- 

seven  days;  after  which,  she  went  a  Progress  into  Kent;  and  was  again  most  mag- 
nificently entertained  at  Canterbury  by  this  worthy  Prelate  in  his  Palace  there. 

From  Croydon,  July  21,  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Orpington,  the  house  of  Sir 
Perceval  Hart,  Knight  of  the  Body  to  King  Henry  VIII.  and  grantee  of  the 
manor  of  Orpington,  where  he  built  a  seat  in  which  he  magnificently  entertained 
Queen  Elizabeth,  who,  on  her  reception  here,  "  received  the  first  caresses  by  a 
Nymph  which  personated  the  Genius  of  the  house  :  then  the  scene  was  shifted, 
and,  from  several  chambers,  which,  as  they  were  contrived,  represented  a  ship,  a 
sea  conflict  was  offered  up  to  the  spectators  view,  which  so  much  obliged  the  eyes 
of  this  Princesse  with  the  charms  of  delight,  that,  upon  her  departure,  she  left  upon 
this  house  (to  perpetuate  the  memory  both  of  the  author  and  artifice)  the  name 
and  appellation  of  Bark  Hart l ;"  by  which  name  it  is  still  called,  being  part  of 
the  possessions  of  Sir  John  Dixon  Dyke,  of  Lullingstone,  Bart  2 

The  Queen  was  three  days  at  Orpington  ;  and  in  one  of  those  days  made  an 
excursion  to  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher's3  house  at  Plumsted. 

Lambeth  :  "  Madam  I  may  not  call  you ;  Mistress  I  am  afraid  to  call  you ;  yet,  as  I  know  not  what 
to  call  you,  I  thank  you."     Lysons,  vol.  I.  p.  270. 

Archbishop  Grindall,  the  successor  to  Parker,  soon  fell  under  the  Queen's  displeasure ;  and  it  does 
not  appear  that  she  ever  honoured  him  with  a  Visit.  Whitgift,  the  next  Archbishop,  received 
repeated  marks  of  her  favour.  No  less  than  fifteen  of  her  Visits  to  him  are  recorded.  She  frequently 
stayed  two  and  sometimes  three  days  at  Lambeth.  Sir  George  Paule,  in  his  Life  of  Whitgift,  p.  103, 
says,  that  "  that  Prelate  every  year  entertained  the  Queen  at  one  of  his  houses  so  long  as  he  was 
Archbishop,  and  some  years  twice  or  thrice.'' — It  appears  by  the  Churchwardens'  Accompts  at  Lam- 
beth, that  the  Queen  was  at  the  Archbishop's  in  15S4;  in  1585 ;  three  times  in  1587  ;  in  1591;  in 
1593;  in  1596;  twice  in  1599;  in  1600;  and  twice  in  1602.  Various  sums  of  money  were 
given  to  the  ringers  on  these  occasions,  from  two  shillings  to  six  shillings  and  eight  pence. 

'  Philipott,  History  of  Kent,  p.  259.  a  Hasted,  vol.  I.  p.  134. 

3  Probably  the  Duke  of  Somerset's  Secretary,  noticed  under  1572,  p.  310. — In  Easter  Term,  in 
the  17th  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Thomas  Fisher  levied  a  fine  of  his  lands  in  Plumsted  ;  and  in  the 
21st  year  of  that  Reign,  he  had  the  Queen's  licence  to  alienate  two  parcels  of  wood,  one  called  the 
Little  Grove,  containing  by  estimation  12  acres,  and  the  other  called  Shurlund,  containing  10  acres,, 
and  15  acres  of  marsh,  in  the  New  Marsh  in  Plumsted.     Hasted,  vol.  I.  p.  181. 

In  the  "  List  of  Gold  and  Silver  Plate"  received  during  this  Progress,  printed  in  a  future  page,  it 
is  particularly  noticed  that  the  Queen  visited  Mr.  Fisher,  at  his  house  in  Kent,  and  received  of  him  "  a 
bolle  of  golde  with  a  cover."  She  received  presents  also  during  this  Progress,  from  the  Lord  Keeper 
the  Lord  Cobham,  the  Townsmen  of  Sandwich,  the  men  at  Dover,  the  Archbishop,  Mr.  Sandes,  Mr. 
Tufton,  Sir  John  Baker,  Mr.  Culpepper,  Mr.  Guildford,  the  Townsmen  of  Cranbrook,  the  Townsmen 
of  Faversham,  the  Ladie  Cobham,  the  Lorde  Burghley,  Lord  Treasurer,  and  the  Lady  Frogmorton. 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KNOLLE,  BlRUNGHAM,  AND    MAYFIELD,  1573-  333 

i 

The  Queen  next  proceeded  to  her  own  house,  Knolle  ',  for  five  days. 
Thence  to  Birlingham s,  the  Lord  Burgavennie's,  where  she  remained  three 
days;  and  thence  made  a  visit  to  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  at  Mayfield3. 

1  (Queen  Elizabeth  was  possessed  of  Knole,  from  her  Sth  to  her  16th  year.    Hasted,  vol.  I.  p.  342. 

-  Or  Berling ;  which  came  to  the  Lords  Bergavenny  by  marriage  of  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  sole 
heir  of  Richard  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  Worcester,  and  Lord  Bergavenny,  to  Sir  Edward  Nevill,  in  the 
Reign  of  Henry  VI.  At  this  time  it  was  the  property  of  Henry  Neville,  Lord  Bergavenny,  who  died 
1586,  and  was  buried  here  with  great  pomp.  The  old  seat  of  the  Lords  Abergavenny  has  been  long 
neglected,  and  the  park  disparked ;  nor  have  the  family  resided  here  for  many  generations,  their 
present  seat  being  at  Kidbrook,  near  East  Grinstead,  in  Sussex.  Berling  Place,  which  belongs  to 
Lord  Abergavenny,  seems  to  have  been  the  antient  residence  of  the  Nevilles.  There  are  some 
remains  yet  left,  particularly  a  gateway  of  stone,  which  reminds  us  of  its  former  condition.  It  is 
now  made  use  of  as  a  farm-house,  and  lies  near  the  foot  of  the  Chalk-hill.     Hasted,  vol.  IT.  p.  200. 

3  Of  Mayfield  an  antient  Palace  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury,  a  full  account  is  given  by 
Mr.  Denne,  in  the  Bibliotheca  Topographica  Britannica,  No  XLVj  with  a  good  view  of  it  by 
Captain  Grose. — The  manor  and  mansion  was  granted  by  Archbishop  Cranmer  in  1525  to  King 
Henry  VIII. -who  gave  it  in  the  same  year  to  Sir  Edmund  Worth,  by  whom  it  was  shortly  after  alien- 
ated to  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  ;  who  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  Queen  Elizabeth  in  this  mansion 
in  her  Kentish  Progress  of  1573.  A  large  room  in  the  habitable  part  of  the  building  still  retains  the 
appellation  of  "  Queen  Elizabeth's  Room."  In  the  life  of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  in  the  Biographia 
Britannica,  are  the  following  particulars  respecting  the  furniture  of  the  mansion  :  "  But  his  chief 
seat  (meaning  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's)  seems  to  have  been  at  Mayghfield  in  Sussex,  one  room  of 
which  was  called  the  Queen's  Chamber,  and  the  goods  and  chattels  belonging  to  it  were  estimated 
at  seven  thousand  five  hundred  and  fifty-three  pounds  ten  shillings  and  eight-pence."  This  estimate 
from  an  original  note,  appears  to  have  been  extracted  from  Sir  Thomas  Gresham's  Journal  in 
Manuscript.  Whether  the  goods  of  the  Queen's  Chamber  only,  or  those  of  the  whole  mansion,  were 
here  estimated,  is  not  clearly  expressed  ;  but  probably  the  latter ;  and  a  very  considerable  sum  it  wa9 
in  those  days.  The  mansion  was  bequeathed  by  Sir  Thomas  Gresham  to  Sir  Henry  Nevil,  who 
sold  it  to  Thomas  Bray,  of  Burvvash,  Esq.  whose  widow  disposed  of  it  to  John  Baker,  Esq.  to  the 
widow  of  one  of  whose  descendants  it  still  belongs  for  life.  The  manor  is  the  property  of  Mr.  Pelham. 

The  remains  of  this  mansion  are  very  considerable  ;  the  great  hall  retaining  its  magnificence  even 
in  ruins.  It  is  68  feet  long,  38  broad,  and  in  height  fully  proportionable ;  its  roof  was  taken  off 
within  the  memory  of  persons  now  or  lately  living.  The  cross  arches  are,  however,  still  remaining 
and  give  it  a  most  venerable  and  picturesque  appearance.  The  part  appearing  like  a  Gothic  door  or 
arch,  near  the  centre  of  the  upper  end  of  the  room,  is  the  back  part  of  the  archiepiscopal  chair  of 
state,  and  consists  of  a  number  of  little  squares,  each  containing  a  rose,  elegantly  carved.  Near 
the  top  are  what  seem  to  be  traces  of  a  Gothic  canopy  with  which  it  was  covered ;  over  it  is  a  niche 
supposed  to  have  either  contained,  or  been  intended  for  a  statue.  The  window  near  it,  over  the 
doors,  belonged  to  the  Archbishop's  chamber ;  whence  he  could  see  what  was  passing  in  the  hall 
without  being  present  j  a  common  circumstance  in  many  of  the  antient  mansions.     The  gate-house 


334  THE  &UEEN  AT  ERIDGE,  BEDGBURY,  HEMPSTED,  RYE,  &C   I573. 

Thence  to  Eridge1,  another  house  of  Lord  Burgavennie's,  for  six  days. 

Thence  to  Bedgbury2,  Mr.  Culpepper's,  for  one  day. 

Thence  to  Hempsted3,  Mr.  Guilford's,  for  three  days. 

Thence  to  Rye;  where  the  Queen  remained  three  days,  and  conferred  the 
honour  of  Knighthood  on  Thomas  Guilford,  Thomas  Walsingham,  and  Alex- 
ander Culpepper,  Esquires.  Thence  to  Sisingherst,  Mr.  Baker's4,  whom  she  after- 
wards knighted,  (see  p.  337),  and  stayed  there  three  days. 

Thence  to  Boughton  Malherb5,  to  Mr.  Thomas  Wotton's,  and  remained- there 
two  days. — "  Mr.  Wotton,  by  his  labour  and  suit,  was  not  then  made  a  Knight6." 

and  porter's  lodge  remain  entire ;  and  there  appears  to  have  been  a  covered  way  from  the  mansion 
to  the  Church-yard. 

1  Eridge,  in  Waterdown-forest,  Sussex,  was  another  seat  of  the  Lords  Abergavenny. 

s  Bedgebury,  in  Goodhurst,  was  the  seat  of  an  antient  family  of  its  name,  and  passed,  by  marriage, 
to  the  Colepeppers,  of  whom  Thomas  sold  it  to  the  Hayes.     Philipott,  p.  171.     Harris,  p.  134 

3  Hemsted  in  Bennenden,  was  granted  by  Richard  II.  to  Sir  William  de  Guldeford.  From 
Mr.  Guilford's  house  (where  she  was  August  the  10th)  the  Lord  Burghley,  in  a  letter  to  the  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury,  gave  this  short  account  of  their  journey  hitherto :  "  That  the  (Queen  had  a  hard 
beginning  of  her  Progress  in  the  Wild  of  Kent ;  and,  namely,  in  some  part  of  Sussex ;  where 
surely  were  more  dangerous  rocks  and  valleys  as  he  said,  and  much  worse  ground,  than  was  in  the 
Peak.  That  they  were  bending  to  Rye  ;  and  so  afterwards  to  Dover,  where,  as  he  added,  they  should 
have  amends."  I  will  rehearse  also  the  conclusion  that  Lord  made  in  his  letter,  wherein,  having 
mentioned  the  Earl's  noble  seat  of  Chattesworth,  that  was  then,  as  it  seems,  in  building,  or 
adorning,  "  I  must  end  with  my  most  hearty  commendations  to  your  Lordship,  and  my  good  Lady, 
wishing  myself  with  her  at  Chattesworth ;  where  I  think  I  should  see  a  great  alteration  to  my 
good  liking.     From  the  Court,  at  Mr.  Guilford's  house." 

Guldeford,  esq.  the  last  of  the  family  who  possessed  this  estate,  was  enabled  to  sell  it  by  an 

Act  of  Parliament  in  the  beginning  of  the  present  century ;  and  it  was  purchased  by  Admiral 
Sir  John  Norris,  whose  grandson  sold  it  again.  It  is  now  possessed  by  a  Mr.  Hodges,  who  hath 
completely  modernized  its  noble  mansion.     Lodge,  vol.  II.  p.  113. 

4  Richard  Baker,  of  Sisingherst,  son  of  Sir  John  Baker,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  and 
one  of  Queen  Mary's  Privy  Council,  was  Sheriff  of  Kent,  4  Eliz.  and  again  in  the  24th  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  when  he  was  a  Knight. 

5  Boughton  Malherb  had  been  the  seat  of  the  Wottons  from  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  Several  of 
them  had  been  Sheriffs  of  the  County,  as  was  Thomas  in  the  last  of  Mary  and  part  of  1  Eliz.  and 
again  20  Eliz.  He  resided  here  till  his  death,  Jan.  11,  1587,  in  his  65th  year,  having  been  remark- 
able for  his  hospitality,  a  great  lover,  and  much  beloved>  of  his  country ;  a  cherisher  of  learning  ;  and 
besides  his  own  abilities,  possessed  of  a  plentifull  estate,  and  the  antient  interest  of  this  family.  He 
was  buried  in  the  Church  here,  where  he  has  a  monument  against  the  wall  of  the  chancel.  Hasted, 
vol.  II.  p.  429.  6  Mr.  Richard  Dering's  MS.  noticed  below. 


THE  Q.UEEN  AT  WESTENHANGER,  AND  HOTHFIELD.,   1573-  335 

Thence  to  Mr.  Tufton's  at  Hothfield1,  where  she  continued  two  days;  and  some 
of  her  Courtiers  were  entertained  at  Surrenden,  the  hospitable  mansion  of  the 
antient  family  of  Dering  2. 

From  Hothfield  the  Queen  departed  to  her  own  house,  Westenhanger3,  the 
Keeper  whereof  was  the  Lord  Buckhurst ;  and  remained  there  four  days. 

1  John  Tufton,  Esq.  was  seated  at  Hothfield,  and  was  Sheriff  of  Kent  4  Elizabeth.  He  married 
Mary  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  John  Baker,  and  eldest  sister  of  Richard  Baker,  mentioned  in  a  former 
note,  and  died  October  10,  1567,  and  was  buried  in  Hothfield  Church,  which  was  not  long  after  burnt 
down  by  lightning.  His  son  John  was  Sheriff  of  Kent  18  Elizabeth ;  and  being  a  person  of  great 
interest  and  abilities,  received  the  honour  of  knighthood  1603,  and  the  dignity  of  Baronet  on  the 
first  erection  of  that  degree  1611,  and  died  1624.  His  eldest  son  Nicholas  was  created  Baron  Tufton, 
of  Tufton,  in  the  County  of  Sussex,  1626;  and  1628  Earl  of  Thanet,  from  whom  the  present  Earl 
is  the  direct  descendant,  and  is  possessed  of  Hothfield-house,  where,  Dr.  Harris  says,  was  a  very 
fine  garden  and  grove,  p.  158. 

The  following  memorandum  was  copied  by  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Pegge  from  a  MS.  Account  Book  of 
Richard  Dering,  Esq.  "Mem.  That  the  xx  day  of  Auguste,  anno  1573,  when  her  Majestie  in  her 
Progress  lay  at  Mr.  Tufton's,  ther  lay  in  my  house,  Sir  William  Cecill,  Knyght,  Lord  Burghley,  Lord 
Treasurer  of  Ingland,  and  his  wife,  the  Lady  Paget  and  Mr.  Carye  her  husband,  Mr.  Edward  Fitzgaret, 
Lieutenant  of  the  Pensioners,  with  divers  of  their  retinues. 

The  Gentlemen  of  the  Store  were  with  her  Majestie  at  three  places. 

First,  at  Baston  Hethe,  nighe  London  [in  the  parish  of  Keston],  Next  at  Keldowne,  nighe  Sussex. 
Last  at  Folkstone  Downe,  nighe  the  Sea." 

*  Richard  Dering,  Esq.  of  Surrenden  Dering,  in  the  parish  of  Pluckley,  succeeded  to  the  paternal 
estate  on  the  death  of  John  Dering,  his  father,  in  1550.  He  died  in  1612,  and  was  buried  at  East 
Peckham  with  his  wife  Margaret,  daughter  of  William  Twysden,  Esq.  by  whom  he  had  five  sons  and 
three  daughters.  The  kneeling  figures  of  himself  and  wife,  in  brass,  remain  on  their  grave-stone. 
3  Westenhanger  belonged  anciently  to  the  Aubervilles,  Criolls,  and  Rokesleys.  A  daughter  of  the 
last  carried  it  to  Sir  Thomas  Poynings,  whose  great  grandson  was  Sir  Edward  Poynings,  Knight  of 
the  Garter,  Comptroller  of  the  King's  household,  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  and  author  of  the  famous 
law  called  after  him.  He  built  the  Chapel  of  this  house,  as  appears  by  the  following  inscription, 
formerly  in  it,  and  still  remaining  on  a  stone  now  a  step  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Smith  of  Stanford  : 

Juil  v  &  xx  a  l'incarnation  nostre  Christ  et  le  xii  anne  du  tres 

hault  &  tres  .  .  .  sant  &  tres  excellent  prince  nostre  .... 
&  roy  He'ry  VIII.  &  al'honeur  du  ....  dieu  &  de  la  glorieuse 
vierge  Marie  fut  faicte  &  achevee  ceste  chapelle  par  messire  Edovard 
Poynings  chevalier  de  la  noble  ordre  du  gartier  &  contre  royler  de  la 
mason  du  roy;  cuy  dieu  d'dint  sa  grace  &  bonne  vie  &  longue  &  paradis 
a  la  fin.     Amen.  Stukeley,  Itin.  I.  132.  2d  edit, 

but  dying  the  same  year  without  lawful  issue  (his  only  legitimate  child  he  had  by  a  daughter  of  Sir 


33°*  THE    GIUEEN    AT    DOVER    CASTLE,  1573- 

Leaving  Westenhanger  on  the  25th  of  August,  the  Queen  that  day  dined  in 
Sandown  Castle  ;  and  thence  proceeding  to  Dover,  she  was  met  on  Folkeston 
Down  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  *,  and  many  Knights  and  Gentlemen 
of  the  County,  by  whom  she  was  that  evening  conducted  to  Dover  Castle, 
amidst  the  ringing  of  bells  and  roaring  of  heavy  ordnance  2. 

Of  the  Queen's  Entertainment  in  Dover  Castle,  where  she  continued  six 
days3,  I  find  no  other  particulars,  than  that  William  Lord  Cobham  was  then 
Constable  of  that  Castle,  and  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports ;  and  that 
during  her  stay  there  she  conferred  the  honour  of  Knighthood  on  Richard 
Baker,  Esq.  of  Sisingherst,  and  Thomas  Vane,  Esq.  of  Tunbridge. 

John  Scott,  of  Scott's  Hall  in  his  neighbourhood,  where  the  family  of  Scott  have  lived  in  worshipful 
estimation  a  long  time,  as  descended  from  Pashely  and  Serjeaux  by  Pimpe ;  Holland's  additions  to 
Camden's  Britannia,  in  Kent),  it  escheated  to  the  Crown ;  but  that  King  gave  it  to  his  natural  son 
Thomas  Poynings,  on  whose  death,  reverting  again  to  the  Crown,  it  was  by  Edward  VI.  granted  to 
Dudley  Duke  of  Northumberland,  and  by  Elizabeth  to  Sir  Thomas  Sackvile,  who  sold  it  to  Thomas 
Smith,  Esq.  He  repaired  its  damage  by  fire,  and  his  great  grandson  Philip  Viscount  Strangfield 
resided  here  in  Philipot's  time.  Justinian  Champneys,  a  succeeding  purchaser,  built  a  neat  house  out 
of  its  remains,  which  were  very  magnificent.  It  was  moated  round,  the  walls  embattled,  and  having 
nine  towers,  one  of  which,  with  the  gallery  adjoining,  was  called  Rosamond's,  and  the  long  gallery 
her  prison,  or  rather  Queen  Elizabeth's,  whom  Strype  mentions  "  at  her  own  house  at  Westenhanger." 
The  inner  court  was  130  feet  square,  and  on  the  right  hand  a  spacious  chapel,  built  by  Sir  Edward 
Poynings  12  Henry  VIII.  The  hall  was  50  feet  by  32,  with  a  cloister.  The  house  contained  126 
rooms,  and  being  sold  to  a  mason  for  gg.1000,  three  quarters  of  it  were  pulled  down  for  the  materials 
1701.  The  rest  is  now  let  for  a  farm  by  a  descendant  of  Justinian  Champneys.  "  Costinhangre  was 
Creall's  lordship,  of  sum  now  corruptly  called  Westenanger.  Poyninges  a  late  held  it  j  the  King  hath 
it  now."     Leland,  Itin.  VI.  7.     It  seems  a  misprint  for  Oostinghanger. 

1  Who  had  for  that  purpose  come  from  Bekesbourne,  a  retired  Archiepispocal  Palace,  in  which  he 
took  great  delight ;  and,  having  left  the  Queen  at  Dover,  he  returned  thither,  and  thence  proceeded 
to  Canterbury,  to  prepare  for  the  Queen's  reception. 

■  Near  the  edge  of  the  Cliff,  there  is  a  very  beautiful  piece  of  brass  ordnance,  twenty-four  feet  long, 
which  was  cast  at  Utrecht  in  1544,  and  is  called  QueenElizabeth's  pocket  pistol ;  it  is  finely  ornamented 
with  figures  in  bas  relief,  and  carries  a  twelve  pound  shot.  It  is  said  to  have  been  a  present  from  the 
States  of  Holland  to  the  Queen.     On  the  breech  of  the  gun  are  four  Dutch  lines,  thus  translated : 

"  O'er  hill  and  dale  I  throw  my  ball, 
Breaker  my  name,  of  mound  and  wall." 

*  Sully,  in  his  "  Memoirs,"  speaks  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  having  been  seen  by  him  at  Dover. 


THE  GUEEN  AT  SANDWICH,  1573-  337 

After  leaving  Dover,  the  Queen's  reception  at  Sandwich l  is  thus  recorded: 
"  Memorandum.  That  the  last  daye  of  August,  being  Monday,  her  Majestie 
came  to  this  sayd  Towne  about  vii  of  the  clock  in  the  evening,  at  whiche  tyme 
John  Gylbart,  Maior,  accompanied  with  ix  Jurats,  the  Town-clarke  and  some  of  the 
Comen  Counsell,  received  her  Highnes  at  Sandowne,  at  the  uttermost  ende 
thereof;  the  said  Maior  being  appareled  in  a  scarlet  gowne :  at  which  place  her 
Majestie  stayed.  And  there  the  said  Maior  yelded  up  to  her  Majestie  his  mace. 
And  not  far  from  thence  stoode  thre  hundreth  persons,  or  thereabouts,  apparalled 
in  whyte  doblets,  with  blacke  and  whyt  rybon  in  the  sieves,  black  gascoyne  hose 
and  whyte  garters,  every  of  them  having  a  murryon  and  a  calyver  or  di.  musket, 
having  thre  dromes  and  thre  ensignes,  and  three  capitans,  viz.  Mr.  Alexander 
Cobbe,  Mr.  Edward  Peake,  and  Mr.  Edward  Wood,  Jurats ;  every  of  theis 
discharged  their  shott,  her  Majesty  being  at  Downes  gate.  And  during  her 
.  Majesty's  standinge  and  receavinge  of  the  mace,  the  great  ordnance  was  dischardged, 
which  was  to  the  nomber  of  one  hundreth  or  cxx;  and  that  in  such  good  order, 
as  the  Quene  and  Noblemen  gave  great  commendacion  thereof,  and  sayd,  '  that 
Sandwich  should  have  the  honor,  as  well  for  the  good  order  thereof,  as  also  of 
their  small  shott.  Then  her  Majestie  went  towards  the  Towne,  and  at  Sandowne 
gate  were  a  lyon  and  a  dragon,  all  gilt,  set  uppon  11  posts  at  the  fridge  ende*  and  her 
armes  was  hanged  up  uppon  the  gate.  All  the  Towne  was  graveled,  and  strewed  with 
rushes,  herbs,  flags,  and  suche  lyke,  every  howse  having  a  nombre  of  grene  bowes 
standing  against  the  dores  and  walls,  every  howse  paynted  whyte  and  black.  Her 
Majestie  rode  into  the  Towne;  and  in  dyvers  places,  as  far  as  her  lodgings,  were 
dyvers  cords  made  of  vine  branches  with  their  leaves  hanking  crosse  the  streets,  and 

1  The  following  preparations  for  the  Queen's  reception  had  been  previously  made.  "  Two  Jurats 
to  go  to  London  to  purchase  a  gold  cup  of  the  value  of  a£.100,  to  be  presented  to  the  (Queen. 
Buildings  to  be  repaired,  and  the  houses  in  Strand-street  and  elsewhere  to  be  beautified  and  adorned 
with  black  and  white  j  the  streets  to  be  paved,  and  all  dung  and  filth  to  be  removed,  or  covered  with 
earth.  No  persons  to  keep  hogs  but  in  certain  appointed  places.  Two  hundred  persons  to  be  appa- 
relled in  white  doublets,  black  "  gaily  gascoignes,  and  white  garders,"  and  to  be  furnished  with 
"calyvers."  Scaffolds  to  be  erected )'m  Strand  streets,  and  to  be  hung  with  black  and  white  baize; 
children  to  be  placed  thereon,  spinning  yarn.  Butchers  to  carry  their  offal  to  the  furthest  groyne 
head,  till  after  her  Highness's  departure.  The  brewers  enjoined  to  brew  good  beer  against  her  coming. 
The  Lord  Warden  desires  100  men  may  be  sent  from  Sandwich,  properly  armed  and  accoutred,  to 
attend  at  Dover  Castle  while  the  Queen  shall  stay  there." 
VOL.  I.  2  X 


338  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    SANDWICH,  1573- 

uppon  them  divers  garlands  of  fyne  flowers.     And  so  she  rode  forth  till  she  came 

directly  over  against  Mr.  Cripps  howses,  almost  as  far  as  the  Pellicane,  where  stood 

a  fyne  howse  newly  built  and  vaulted,  over  wheron  her  armes  was  sett  and  hanked 

with  tapestrye.     In  the  same   state  Richard  Spycer,   Minister  of  St.  Clements 

parishe,  a  Master  of  Art,  the  Towne's  Orator,  apparelled  in  a  black  gowne  and  a 

hoode,  both  lyned  and  faced  with  black  taffatye,  being  the  guyfte  of  the  Towne, 

accompanied  with  the  other  n  Ministers  and  the  Schole-master.     He  made  unto 

her  Highness  an  Oration,  which  she  so  well  lyked  as  she  gave  thereof  a  singular 

commendacion,  sayenge,  '  it  was   both  very  well    handeled  and  very  elloquent.' 

Then  he  presented  her  with  a  cupp  of  gold   of  c1'' ;    which  Thomas    Gylbart, 

sonne  to  the  Maior  aforesaid,  receaved  from   Mr.  Spycer,  and  he  gave  yt  to  the 

Footemen,  of  whom  her  Majestie  receaved  yt,  and  so  delyvered  it  to  Mr.  RaufTe 

Lane,  one  of  the  Gent.  Equirries,  who  caried  yt.     And  then  the  said  Mr.  Spycer 

presented  her  with  a  New  Testament  in  Greeke,  which  she  thankfully  accepted. 

And  so  rode  untill  she  came  unto  Mr.  Manwood's  howse,  wherin  she  lodged,  a 

howse  wherein  King  Henry  the  Vlllth  had  been  lodged  twyes  before.     And  here 

it  is  to  be  noted,  that  upon  every  post  and  corner,  from  her  first  entrye  to  her 

lodginge,  wer  fixed  certen  verses,  and  against  the  court,  gate  all  these  verses  put 

into  a  table  and  there  hanged  up. 

"  The  nexte  daye,  being  Tuysdaye,  and  the  first  of  September,  the  Towne 
havinge  buylded  a  forte  at  Stoner  on  thother  syde  of  the  havon,  the  capitanes 
aforesaid  led  over  their  men  to  assault  the  saide  forte,  during  which  tyme  certen 
Wallounds  that  could  well  swym  had  prepared  two  boats,  and  in  thende  of  the 
boate  a  borde,  uppon  which  borde  stood  a  man,  and  so  met  together  with  either 
of  them  a  staff  and  a  shield  of  woodd :  and  one  of  them  did  overthrowe  another. 
At  which  the  Quene  had  good  sport.  And  that  don,  the  Capitans  put  their  men 
into  a  battayle,  and,  taking  with  them  some  lose  shott,  gave  the  scarmerche  to  the 
forte  ;  and  in  the  ende,  after  the  dischardge  of  n  fawkenets  and  certen  chambers, 
after  dyvers  assaults,  the  forte  was  wonne. 

"  The  next  daye,  viz.  Wednesdaye,  the  second  of  September,  Mrs.  Mayres,  and 
her  sisters  the  Jurats'  wives,  made  the  jQuenes  Majestie  a  banket  of  clx  dishes  on 
a  table  of  xxvin  foote  longe  in  the  Scole-howse;  and  so  her  Majestie  came 
thether  thorough  Mrs.  Manwood's  garden,  and  thorough  Mr.  Wood's  also,  the 
wayes  hanked  with   black  and   white  bayes ;  and  in  the  Schole-howse  garden 


THE    6LUEEN    AT    SANDWICH,  AND    WINGHAM,    1573-  339 

Mr.  Isebrand  made  unto  her  an  Oration,  and  presented  to  her  Highnes  a  cupp  of 
silver  and  guylt,  with  a  cover  to  the  same,  well  nere  a  cubit  highe  ;  to  whom  her 
Majestie  answered  this,  Gaudeo  me  in  hoc  natum  esse,  ut  vobis  et  Ecclesie  Dei 
prosim;  and  so  entered  into  the  Scole-howse,  vvheare  she  was  very  merrye,  and 
did  eate  of  dyvers  dishes  withowt  any  assaye,  and  caused  certen  to  be  reserved 
for  her  and  carried  to  her  lodginge  *. 

"The  next  daye,  being  Thursdaye,  and  the  daye  of  her  departinge,  against  the 
Scole-howse  uppon  the  new  turfed  wall,  and  uppon  a  scaffold  made  uppon  the 
wall  of  the  Scole-howse  yarde,  were  dyvers  children,  Englishe  and  Dutche,  to  the 
nombre  of  cth  or  vi  score,  all  spynning  of  fine  bay  yarne;  a  thing  well  lyked 
both  of  her  Majestie  and  of  the  Nobilitie  and  Ladies.  And  withowt  the  gate 
stode  all  the  soldiers  with  their  small  shott,  and  uppon  the  wall  at  the  butts 
stode  certen  grate  pieces ;  but  the  chambers,  by  means  of  the  wetnes  of  the 
morning,  could  not  be  dischardged.  The  great  pieces  were  shot  off,  and  the 
small  shott  dischardged  thryes.  And  at  her  departinge,  Mr.  Maior  exhibited 
unto  her  a  supplicacion  for  the  Havon  ;  which  she  took,  and  promised  herself 
to  reade.  "  My  Lord  Threasorer  2,  my  Lord  Admyrall  3,  and  my  Lord  Cham- 
berleyn4,  and  my  Lord  of  Leicester5,  were  made  pryvie  to  the  suyt  for  the 
Havon ;  they  liked  well  thereof,  and  promised  their  furtheraunce  6." 

"  From  Sandwich  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Wingham  7,  where  she  dined;  and  on 

1  While  she  was  here,  the  French  Ambassador  came  to  her,  who,  hearing  the  excellent  music  in  the 
Cathedral  Church,  extolled  it  up  to  the  sky,  and  brake  out  into  these  words.  "  O  God,  I  think  no 
Prince  beside,  in  all  Europe,  ever  heard  the  like ;  no,  not  our  holy  father,  the  Pope  himself."  A 
young  gentleman,  that  stood  by,  replied,  "  Ah  !  do  you  compare  our  Queen  to  the  Knave  of  Rome  j 
or  rather  prefer  him  before  her  ?"  Whereat  the  Ambassador  was  highly  angered,  and  told  it  to  some 
of  the  Counsellors.  They  bade  him  "  be  quiet,  and  take  it  patiently ;  for  the  boys,"  said  they,  "  with 
us  do  so  call  him,  and  the  Roman  Antichrist  too."  He  departed  with  a  sad  countenance.  This 
passage  Bishop  Parkhurst  wrote  to  Gualter  of  Zuric,  in  his  correspondence  with  him.  This  French 
Ambassador  dined  with  the  Queen  at  the  Archbishop's  Palace :  his  title  was  Comte  de  Retz ;  with 
whom  the  Queen  after  dinner  had  much  discourse. 

*  William  Cecil,  Lord  Burleigh.  J  Edward  Fynes,  Lord  Clinton,  Earl  of  Lincoln. 

*  Thomas  Radclyffe,  Earl  of  Sussex.  5  Master  of  the  Horse. 
8  Boys's  History  of  Sandwich,  pp.  691 — 695. 

7  The  Manor  of  Wingham,  formerly  part  of  the  possessions  of  the  See  of  Canterbury,  was 
exchanged  by  Abp.  Cranmer,  in  1536,  with  King  Henry  VIII.  for  other  estates  ;  and  in  1573  Wingham 
remained  the  property  of  the  Crown. 


340  THE    ftUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY,   1573- 

the  same  day  was  conducted  to  Canterbury,  and  lodged  at  the  old  Palace  of  St. 
Augustine1 ;  and  treated  by  the  Archbishop2." 

"  Leaving  the  Puritans  awhile,"  says  Strype,  "  let  us  attend  our  Archbishop  into 
his  diocese,  where  he  was  to  act  in  two  great  capacities  :  viz.  To  be  the  Queen's 
Host,  and  his  Church's  Visitor.  For  the  Queen  being  this  Summer  in  her  Progress 
in  Kent,  came  to  see  Canterbury  ;  where  he  gave  her  a  most  splendid  and  solemn 
Entertainment,  both  at  his  Church,  and  at  his  table  ;  which  he  did  with  so  much 
magnificence,  and  withal  with  so  much  order  and  decency,  that  he  merited 
extraordinary  praise,  and  gave  high  satisfaction  to  her,  and  all  her  Nobles. 
In  the  month  of  July,  the  Archbishop  sent  to  the  Treasurer  sundry  MS 
Treatises   and    Collections    of   his    own 3,   giving   account   of  the    tract   of   the 

1  "  At  the  dissolution  Henry  VIII.  siezed  St.  Austin's  Abbey  as  a  Palace  for  himself.  Elizabeth 
kept  her  Court  here  1573  on  a  Royal  Progress.  She  attended  divine  service  at  the  Cathedral  every 
Sunday  during  her  stay  at  Canterbury ;  and  was  magnificently  entertained  with  all  her  attendants, 
and  a  great  concourse  of  other  company,  by  Archbishop  Parker,  on  her  birth-day  kept  at  his  Palace. 
The  site  of  the  monastery  having  been  afterwards  granted  to  Henry  Lord  Cobham  ;  on  his  attainder, 
1603,  it  was  granted  to  Robert  Cecil  Lord  Essenden,  afterwards  Earl  of  Salisbury,  by  letters  patent 
3  James  I.  It  was  soon  afterwards  in  the  possession  of  Thomas  Lord  Wotton,  of  Marley.  Here 
Charles  I.  consummated  his  marriage  with  the  Princess  Henrietta  of  France,  whom  he  met  at  Dover, 
June  13,  1625,  and  married  at  Canterbury  that  day.  Mary  the  dowager  of  Lord  Wotton  made  this 
place  her  residence  during  the  great  rebellion,  when  she  was  plundered  and  cruelly  treated  by  the 
usurping  powers.  Charles  II.  also  lodged  here  on  his  passage  through  this  City  at  his  Restoration. 
It  has  ever  since  that  retained  the  name  of  Lady  Wotton's  Palace,  and  the  square  is  called  Lady 
Wotton's  Green.  She  died  there  about  the  time  of  the  Restoration,  and  left  four  daughters  coheiresses, 
the  youngest  of  whom,  Anne,  was  married  to  Sir  Edward  Hales,  of  Woodchurch,  in  Kent,  Bart,  and 
brought  her  husband  this  estate.  In  their  descendants  it  was  continued  to  Sir  Edmund  Hales,  of 
St.  Stephen's,  of  Hachington."     Gostling,  p.  37,  38.  *  Strype 's  Annals. 

*  The  Archbishop  sent  to  the  Treasurer  three  books,  all  savouring  of  that  sort  of  learning  that 
he  was  so  well  versed  in,  viz.  Antiquity  and  old  story  of  his  native  country,  England;  which  the 
Treasurer  also  was  not  a  little  addicted  to,  and  skilled  in.  The  first  was  a  MS.  of  Gervasius  Tilbu- 
riensis,  sometime  a  Treasurer  of  the  Exchequer.  This  falling  into  our  Antiquary's  hands,  he  caused 
to  be  copied,  and  sent  to  him,  because  he  doubted  whether  his  Lordship  had  seen  the  book  or  no, 
and  thought,  it  not  unmeet  for  his  office,  being  in  the  highest  and  honourable  trust  in  the  Exchequer^ 
This  author  Lambarde,  in  his  Perambulation,  called  "  a  learned  man  that  flourished  in  the  days  of 
Henry  II."  and  mentioned  this  book,  which  he  called  his  Dialogue  of  the  Observations  of  the  Exche- 
quer. The  second  book  was  a  description  of  the  County  of  Kent,  written  and  laboured  by  the  afore- 
said William  Lambarde,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Esq.  j  a  curious  antiquary.  This  book  in  MS  the  author 
had  sent  to  the  Archbishop  to  peruse,  to  correct,  and  amend  :  and  so  to  be  under  the  reformation  of 
some,  whom  he  judged  to  be   conversant  in  histories  :  not  meaning  to  put  it  abroad  till  it  had 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY,  1573-  341 

County,  and  of  the  antiquities  of  divers  places  therein.  That  the  Queen,  who 
would  be  inquisitive  concerning  the  places  where  she  journeyed,  might  have 
the  more  satisfaction  given  her  by  her  said  Treasurer,  who  was  near  her  person, 
and  whom   she  looked  upon   as  a  man  of  special  learning  and  knowledge  of  the 

suffered  the  hammer  of  some  of  his  friends  judgements  (as  the  Archbishop  wrote  to  the  Treasurer), 
and  then  a  further  deliberation  peradventure  to  set  it  forth.  Which  book,  although,  as  he  suggested 
to  the  Treasurer,  he  had  no  commission  to  communicate,  yet  he  was  willing  to  shew  it  him,  because 
he  thought  his  Lordship  not  unwilling  in  such  knowledge  to  be  partaker ;  and  that  he  might  cor- 
rect and  amend  it  when  his  leisure  could  serve  him  :  praying  him,  in  the  mean  time  to  keep  it  to 
himself.  By  which  hints  we  may  collect  the  value  of  that  book,  which,  as  it  had  a  very  learned  man 
for  its  author,  so  it  had  the  perusals,  corrections,  and  additions  of  two  other  men  of  learning  in 
Antiquity ;  and  they  no  less  than  an  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  and  a  Lord  Treasurer  of  England. 
This  book  came  forth  in  print  in  the  year  1576.  The  last  of  those  three  books,  which,  as  before  was 
said,  he  sent  the  Treasurer,  was  one  of  his  own,  printed  the  year  before,  but  as  yet  kept  with  him 
without  dispersing  any  or  very  few  of  them.  This  book  was  the  Antiquitates  Britannicae ;  bearing 
this  title,  "  De  Antiquitate  Britannicae  Ecclesiee :  &  Privileges  Ecclesiae  Cantuariensis  ;  cum  Archie- 
piscopis  ejusdem  LXX  Historia;"  and  was  printed  by  John  Day,  in  the  year  1572.  For,  he  said,  ht 
was  not  minded  to  suffer  these  travels  of  his  abroad  in  this  quarrellous  and  envious  world.  And  as 
Lambarde  had  made  the  Archbishop  the  judge  of  his  work,  before  spoken  of,  so  he  made  Lambardt 
the  judge  of  this  labour  of  his.  / 

The  good  Prelate  was  very  modest,  and  fearful,  that  some  things,  which  he  had  digested  in  his 
book,  might  be  laid  to  his  charge,  as  vanities.     As  that  he  had  mentioned  here  the  names  of  the  rest 
of  his  fellow  Bishops,  that  were  first  consecrated  in  the  beginning  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign.     Tha> 
he  had  also  in  this  book,  which  he  sent  to  the  Lord   Treasurer,  bound  it  costly,  and  laid  in  colour 
the  arms  of  the  Church  of  Canterbury,  empaled  with  his  own  paternal  coat.     For  which  he  makes 
this  apology  :  "  That  his  Lordship  might  indeed  note  many  vanities  in  his  doings,  but  he  thought  it 
not  against  his  profession  to  express  his  own  times,  and  give  some  testimony  of  his  fellow-brothers, 
of  such  of  his  coat  as  were  in  place  in  her  Majesty's  Reign,  and  when  himself  was  thus  placed.    And 
though  his  Lordship  might  rightly  blame  an  ambitious  fancy  in  him  for  setting  out  their  Churches 
arms  in  colours,  yet  he  told  him  that  he  might  [if  he  pleased]  relinquish  the  leaf,  and  cast  it  into  the 
fire.     And  he  had  joined  it  but  loose  in  the  book  for  that  purpose,  if  he  so  thought,  it  meet  ;  and  as 
he  might,  if  it  so  liked  him  (without   great  grief  to   him,  the  Archbishop),  cast  the  whole  book  the 
same  way.     This  book,  he  said,  he  had  not  given  to  four  men  in  the  whole  Realm  :  and  peradventure, 
added  he,  it  shall  never  come  to  sight   abroad,  though  some  men  smelling  of  the  printing  it,  were 
very  desirous  cravers  of  the  same.     He  was  content  to  refer  it  wholly  to  his  judgment  to  stand  or  fall. 
For  the  present  he  purposed  to  keep  it  by  him,  while  he  lived,  to  add  and  mend  as  occasion  should 
serve  him,  or  utterly  to  suppress  it,  and  to  bren  it.     And  thus,  as  he  told  his  Lordship,  he  made  him 
privy  to  his  follies.     And  for  that  he  had  within  his  house,  in  wages,  drawers  [of  pictures]  and  cut- 
ters [that  is,  engravers],  painters,  limners,  writers,  and  book-binders,  he  was  the  bolder  to  take  his 
occasion  thus,  Equitare  in  urundine  longa.     So  spending  his  wasteful  time  within  his  own  walls,  till 
Almighty  God  should  call  him  out  of  this  tabernacle." 


342  THE    GLUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY,  1573- 

history  and  antiquities  of  her  kingdom,  and  so  would  be  most  apt  to  put  her 
questions  to  him.  The  Archbishop  had  privately  sent  him  before  Lambarde's 
"  Topographical  Discourse  of  Kent"  in  MS.  which  might  now  stand  him  in  good 
stead  for  this  purpose.  Now,  in  this  month,  he  sent  him  also  a  copy  of  that 
author's  intended  preface  to  the  said  book,  dedicated  to  Mr.  Thomas  Wotton  l,  a 
Gentleman  of  that  County,  of  great  quality  and  wealth  ;  and  the  rather,  because 
to  his  house  the  Queen  in  her  intended  Progress  was  to  come  ;  praying  the  Trea- 
surer not  to  be  known  to  the  said  Wotton  that  he  had  the  said  preface.  One  of 
the  treatises  the  Archbishop  had  communicated  to  the  Treasurer,  was  "  A  Dis- 
course of  Dover2,"  telling  his  Lordship,  "  that  he  knew  not  whether  he  had  it 
before  or  no ;  but  in  such  points,"  he  said,  "  he  had  rather  be  too  busy,  than  too 
slow,  in  participating  his  trifles."  This  book  of  Dover  the  Lord  Treasurer 
perused,  and  found  errors  and  faults,  occasioned  probably  by  the  copiers.  And 
therefore  sent  it  back  to  the  Archbishop,  who  caused  it  to  be  examined  again,  and 
reformed,  and  then  returned.  The  last  part  whereof  was  "  De  Warda  Castri,  &c." 
which  part  the  Archbishop  extracted  out  of  an  ancient  MS. 

"  But  the  Archbishop's  chief  care  was  to  give  an  Entertainment  to  her  Majesty  at 
his  house,  when  she  would  come  to  Canterbury,  that  might  answer  his  own  figure, 
and  obtain  a  gracious  acceptation  from  her.  She  intended  to  begin  her  Progress 
in  the  middle  of  July;  and  the  Archbishop  accordingly  was  preparing  to  remove 
a  little  before,  to  get  his  house  and  all  other  things  in  a  readiness.  His  wine  and 
beer,  and  other  provisions,  were  already  appointed,  and  sent  to  Canterbury.  But 
in  this  nick,  the  Lord  Cobham  came  out  of  Kent,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  that  County, 
if  I  mistake  not,  and  Constable  of  Dover  Castle,  and  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque 
Ports;  who  signified,  that  the  measles  and  small-pox  reigned  then  at  Canterbury, 
and  the  plague  at  Sandwich.  This  caused  some  stop  of  the  Queen,  and  made 
the  Archbishop  stay  the  rest  of  his  carriages.  For  as  in  fifteen  years  it  should 
rejoice  him,  as  he  told  the  Lord  Treasurer,  to  see  her  Majesty  at  his  house  at 
Canterbury,  the  cost  whereof  he  weighed  not ;  so  he  would  be  loth  to  have  her 
person  put  in  fear  or  danger.  But  tarrying  till  the  latter  end  of  this  month,  when 
the  weather  proved  very  cold  and  wet,  she  set  forward. 

The  13th  day  of  August,  I  find  his  Grace  at  Beakesbourne,  full  of  thoughts  for 

1  At  whose  house,  at  Boughton  Malherbe,  the  Queen  was  entertained  on  this  Progress.  See  p.  335. 
*  Query,  if  by  William  Darell,  Chaplain  to  the  Queen,  quoted  by  Mr.  Camden  ;  Britannia,  Kent. 


THE    GlUEEN    AT   CANTERBURY,    1573-  343 

his  ordering  of  his  reception  of  the  Queen  ;  and  having  considered  how  his  pre- 
decessors had  entertained  some  of  the  Princes  of  the  land,  in  that  manner  he 
determined  to  regulate  himself.     But  he  first  sent  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  for  his 
advice,  telling  him,  "  That  he  would  do  all  the  service  he  could  to  the  Queen's 
Majesty,  and  to  all  her  Nobles,  with  the  rest  of  her  most  honourable  Houshold. 
But  that  he  had  no  other  counsel  to  follow,  but  to  search  out  what  service  his  pre- 
decessors had  been  wont  to  do.     That  his   oft  distemperance  and  infirmity  of 
body  had  made  him  not  to  do  so  much  as  he  would.     That   he  had  convenient 
room  for  her  Majesty,  if  she  would  please  to  remain  in  his  house.     And  he  could 
place  for  a  Progress  time  his  Lordship,  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  who  was  Earl  of 
Sussex,  the  Earl   of  Leicester,  or  Mr.  Hatton,  Master  of  the  Horse  ;  thinking 
their  Lordships  would  furnish  the  places  with  their  own  stuff.    And  whereas  they 
said,  that  his  house  was  of  an  ill  air,  hanging  upon  the  Church,  having  no  prospect 
to  look  on  the  people  ;  yet  he  trusted,  he  said,  the  convenience  of  the  building 
would  serve.     That  if  her  Highness   were  minded  to  keep  in  her  own  Palace  at 
St.  Austin's,  then  their  Lordships  might  be  otherwise  placed  in  the  houses  of  the 
Dean   and  certain  Prebendaries.     That  as  for  his  Lordship,  several  Prebendaries 
strove  for  him,   as  Mr.  Lawes   would  fain   have  him    in  his  convenient   house, 
trusting  the  rather  to  do  his  Lordship  now  service,  as  he  did  once  in  teaching  a 
Grammar  School  in  Stamford  by  his  appointment.     Mr.  Bungay,  another,  desired 
to   have   his  Lordship  in  his  lodging,   where  the  French  Cardinal  lay  ;  and  his 
house  was  fair  and  sufficient.     A  third,  who  laboured  to  have  his  company,  was 
one  Peerson,  who  had  a  fine  house,  and  most  fit  for  him,  if  he  so  thought  good." 
I  find  one  Andrew  Peerson,   which  I  suppose  was  this  Prebendary,  in  the  year 
1563,  the  Archbishop's  Almoner,   and  resident  with   him.     "  The  custom  had 
been,"  as  he  told  the  Lord  Treasurer,  "  that  when  Princes  came  to  Canterbury, 
the  Bishop,  the  Dean,  and  the  Chapter,  waited  at  the  West  end  of  their  Church, 
and  so  attended  on  them,  there  to   hear  an  Oration.     And  thus  he  intended  it 
should   be  now."      After  that,  "  her  Highness,"   he   said,  "  might  go   under  a 
canopy  till  she  came  to  the  midst  of  the  Church,  where  certain  prayers  should  be 
said.     And  after  that,  they  should  wait  on  her  Highness  through  the  Quire  up  to 
the  Traverse,  next  to  the  Communion-table,  to  hear  the  Even-song.     And  so  after 
to  depart  to  her  own  lodging.     Or  else  upon  Sunday  following,  if  it  were  her 
pleasure  to  come  from  her  house  at  St.  Austin's,  by  the  new  bridge,  and  so  to  enter 
the  West  end  of  the  Church,  or  in  her  coach  by  the  street."     He  signified  to  the 


344  THE    GLUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY,   1573- 

Lord- Treasurer,  "  how  it  would  much  rejoice  and  establish  the  people  there  in 
their  Religion,  to  see  her  Highness  that  Sunday,  being  the  first  Sunday  in  the 
month,  when  others  also  accustomably  might  receive,  as  a  godly  devout  Prince, 
in    her  chief  and   Metropolitical  Church,  openly  to  receive  the  Communion  ; 
which  by  her  favour,"  he  said,  "  he  would  minister  unto  her.''     And  then  the  good 
Archbishop  added,  Plurima  sunt  magni/ica,  8$  utilia,  sed  hoc  unum  est  necessa- 
rium.     "  But  he  presumed  not,"  he  said,  "  to  prescribe  this  to  her  Highness,  but, 
as  her  trusty  Chaplain,  shewed  his  judgment.     And  after  that  Communion,  it 
might  please  her  Majesty  to  hear  the  Dean  preach,  sitting  either  in  her  Traverse,  jo 
else  to  suffer  him  to  go  to  the  common  Chapel,  being  the  place  of  Sermons,  where 
a  greater  multitude  might  hear.     And  yet  her  Highness,"  he  said,  "  might  go  to 
a  very  fit  place,  with  some  of  her  Lords  and  Ladies,  to  be  there  in  a  convenient 
closet  above  the  heads  of  the  people,  to  hear  the  Sermon.     After  that,  he  desired 
to  see  her  Highness  at  her  and  his  house  for  the  dinner  following.     And  if  her 
Highness  would  give  him  leave,  he  would  keep  his  bigger  Hall  that  day  for  the 
Nobles,   and  the  rest  of  her  train.      And  if  it  pleased  her,  she  might  come  in 
through  the  Gallery,  and  see  the  disposition   of  the  Hall  in  dinner-time,  at  a 
window  opening  thereinto. 

"  He  wrote  also  to  the  Earl  of  Sussex,  as  being  Lord  Chamberlain,  in  some  of 

these  matters  which  might  concern  his  office.     But  it  being,  it  seems,  so  tender 

a  matter  to  consult  with  more  Courtiers  than  one  in  the  same  thing,  he  thought 

fit  to  acquaint  the  Lord  Treasurer  therewith,  and  prayed  him  not  to  be  offended 

though  he  did  so.     He  was  now  also  preparing  some  geldings  for  three  or  four 

Lords,  and  desired  to  know  of  the  Treasurer,  whether  would  like  him  best,  either 

one  of  his  own  saddle,  or  a  fine  little  white  gelding  for  his  foot  cloth,  or  for  one  of 

his  Gentlemen  or  Yeomen,  and  he  would  so  appoint  it.  With  the  letters  containing 

all  this,  he  sent  the  Dean  of  the  Church,  Dr.  Godwyn,  to  the  said  Lord  Treasurer, 

on  purpose  to  have  his  counsel  and  instructions  in  the  abovementioned  matters  !. 

"  But  to  know  more  of  this,  as  where  the  Archbishop  first  met  her  Majesty  in 

the  County,  and  what  reception  she  had  when  she  came  first  to  Canterbury,  take 

*  Our  Historians  relate  in  general,  that  this  Entertainment  was  exceeding  great  and  noble.  Cam- 
den adds,  that  it  luckily  happened  on  the  seventh  day  of  September,  the  Queen's  birth-day,  and  that 
there  were  as  many  Noblemen  guests  present,  as  had  been  feasted  in  the  same  Palace,  when  the  Em- 
peror Charles,  and  Henry  VIII.  were  present,  which  was  in  the  year  1510,  when  Warham  was  Arch- 
bishop, about  fifty-two  years  before. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY,   1573.  345 

the  Archbishop's  own  relation,  in  a  Letter  to  Grindall,  Archbishop  of  York.  "  I 
met  her  Highness,  as  she  was  coming  to  Dover,  upon  Folkston  Down.  The 
which  I  rather  did,  with  all  my  men,  to  shew  my  duty  to  her,  and  mine  affection 
to  the  Shire,  who  likewise  there  met  her.  And  I  left  her  at  Dover  l,  and  came 
home  to  Bekesborne 2  that  night :  and  after  that,  went  to  Canterbury  to  receive 
her  Majesty  there.  Which  I  did,  with  the  Bishops  of  Lincoln  and  Rochester, 
and  my  Suffragan,  at  the  West  door :  where,  after  the  Grammarian  had  made  his 
Oration  to  her  upon  her  horseback,  she  alighted.  We  then  kneeled  down,  and 
said  the  Psalm  Deus  misereatur  in  English,  with  certain  other  Collects  briefly ; 
and  that  in  our  chimers  and  rochets.  The  Quire,  with  the  Dean  and  Preben- 
daries, stood  on  either  side  of  the  Church,  and  brought  her  Majesty  up  with  a 
Square-song,  she  going  under  a  canopy,  born  by  four  of  her  Temporal  Knights, 
to  her  traverse  placed  by  the  Communion  board  ;  where  she  heard  Even-song, 
and  after  departed  to  her  lodging  at  St.  Austin's,  whither  I  waited  upon  her. 
From  thence  I  brought  certain  of  the  Council,  and  divers  of  the  Court,  to  my 
house  to  supper,  and  gave  them  fourteen  or  fifteen  dishes,  furnished  with  two 
mess  at  my  long  table,  whereat  sat  about  twenty.  And  in  the  same  Chamber 
a  third  mess,  at  a  separate  table,  whereat  sat  ten  or  twelve;  my  less  Hall  having 
three  long  tables  well  furnished,  with  my  Officers,  and  with  the  Guard,  and  others 
of  the  Court.  And  so  her  Majesty  came  every  Sunday  to  Church,  to  hear  the 
Sermon  ;  and  upon  one  Monday  it  pleased  her  Highness  to  dine  in  my  great 
Hall,  thoroughly  furnished,  with  the  Council,  Frenchmen,  Ladies,  Gentlemen, 
and  the  Mayor  of  the  Town,  with  his  Brethren,  &c.  her  Highness  sitting  in  the 
midst,  having  two  French  Ambassadors  at  one  end  of  the  table,  and  four  Ladies 
of  Honour  at  the  other  end.     And  so  three  mess  were  served  by  her  Nobility  at 

1  King  Henry  VIII.  as  appears  by  a  MS  Letter  from  Mr.  James  Hammond  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  "  was 
frequently  at  Dover,  supervising  the  works  of  that  Harbour  (in  which  he  took  great  delight), 
having  put  them  under  the  direction  of  Sir  John  Thompson,  a  Gentleman  of  such  ingenuity,  that 
the  King  removed  him  from  being  Parson  of  St.  James's  in  Dover,  to  be  Master  of  the  Maison  Dieu, 
a  place  then  worth  a£.120  a  year,  which  he  held  till  1542." — Mr.  Hammond  adds,  "  That  King  Henry 
was  an  humourist,  I  think,  history  as  well  as  our  records  give  sufficient  proof ;  for,  in  1537,  that  King's 
footman  was  paid  two  shillihgs  because  the  bells  were  not  rung  against  the  King's  coming.  In  1538, 
the  King  being  at  Dover,  they  rung  the  bells  of  St.  Mary's  Church  when  his  Majesty  came  in  and 
went  out ;  and  sealed  up  the  Church  doors  at  his  departure.  And  in  1541  was  expended,  upon  those 
that  did  ring  at  the  King's  Grace  coming  into  town,  three-pence." 

*  See  a  description  of  this  Palace,  in  Strype's  Life  of  Parker,  p.  406. 
VOL.   I.  2  Y 


346  THE  QUEEN  AT  CANTERBURY,  1573. 

washing,  her  Gentlemen  and  Guard  bringing  her  dishes,  &c.     Because  your  Grace 
desireth  to  know  some  part  of  mine  order,  I  write  the  more  largely  unto  you." 

"  Whereat  the  Archbishop  of  York  made  this  reflection  in  his  answer:  "  Your 
Grace's  large  description  of  the  Entertainment  at  Canterbury  did  so  lively  set 
forth  the  matter,  that,  in  reading  thereof,  I  almost  thought  myself  to  be  one  of 
your  guests  there,  and,  as  it  were,  beholding  the  whole  order  of  all  things  done 
there.  Sir,  I  think  it  shall  be  hard  for  any  of  our  coat  to  do  the  like  for  one 
hundred  years  [meaning,  perhaps,  during  their  long  leases]  ;  and  how  long  after 
God  knoweth  1." 

1  While  the  Court  was  here  at  Canterbury,  the  Lord  Treasurer,  in  the  midst  of  his  feasting,  met 
with  sour  sawce  with  it.  It  was  a  most  venomous  book,  written  by  some  Papist  against  him  and  the 
Lord  Keeper ;  which,  yet,  was  not  the  first  of  many  that  he  had  felt  the  malice  of.  But  it  grieved 
much  this  good  man,,  and  made  him  almost  weary  of  his  life,  after  his  painfull  service  and  honest 
heart  to  the  Realm,  and  to  the  Queen,  to  be  so  continually  slandered  and  back-bitten.  This  book  he 
sends  to  the  Archbishop  from  one  of  the  Prebendary's  lodgings  to  peruse,  with  a  letter  which  ran 
to  this  tenor : 

"  May  it  please  your  grace, 

"  You  shall  see  how  dangerously  I  serve  in  this  state,  and  how  my  Lord  Keeper  also,  in  my  respect, 
is  with  me  beaten  with  a  viperous  generation  of  traiterous  Papists  ;  and  I  fear  of  some  domestick 
hidden  scorpion.  If  God  and  our  consciences  were  not  our  defence  and  consolation  against  these 
pestilential  darts,  we  might  well  be  weary  of  our  lives.  I  pray  your  Grace  read  the  book,  or  so  much 
as  you  list,  as  soon  as  you  may ;  and  then  return  it  surely  to  me  ;  so  as  also  I  may  know  your  opinion 
thereof.  When  your  Grace  hath  done  with  this,  I  have  also  a  second  smaller,  appointed  to  follow 
this ;  as  though  we  were  not  killed  with  the  first :  and  therefore  a  new  assault  is  given.  But  I  will 
rest  myself  upon  the  Psalmist's  verse,  Expecto  Dominum,  virillter  age,  ft  confortetur  cor  tuum,  ft  sustine 
Dominum.     From  my  lodgings  at  Mr.  Person's,  xi  Sept.  1573. 

"  Your  Grace's  at  commandment,  W.  Burghley." 

To  which  the  Archbishop,  returning  the  book,  gave  answer,  describing  the  malice  of  it,  and  like 
a  true  friend  and  a  grave  divine,  comforted  the  good  Lord  Treasurer  in  these  words  : 
"  Sir, 

"  I  return  your  Lordship  your  mad  book  again.  It  is  so  outrageously  penned,  that  malice  made 
him  blind.  I  judge  it  not  worth  an  answer.  Some  things  were  better  put  up  in  silence  than  much 
stirred  in.  Your  conscience  shall  be  your  testimony  to  Almighty  God.  It  is  no  new  matter  for  such 
as  take  pains  for  the  good  governance  of  the  Commonwealth  to  be  railed  on.  In  my  opinion  they 
be  very  comfortable  words  which  be  uttered  by  our  Saviour  Christ,  who  once  shall  be  our  judge, 
Beati  estis  cum  probra  jecerint  in  vos  homines,  ft  dixerint  omne  malum  adversus  vos  mentientes,  ft  propter 
me,  gaudete  ft  exultate.  Sic  enim  persicuti  sunt  prophetas  quifuerunt  ante  vos.  In  these  and  like  words, 
I  for  myself  repose  my  heart  in  quietness  :  beseeching  Almighty  God  with  his  holy  Spirit  to  comfort 
your  mind  in  these  blasts  of  these  devilish  Scorpions.  Conscia  mens  recti  mendacium  videt,  &c. 
From  my  house  at  Canterbury,  11  Sept.  1573.     Your  assured  in  Christ,  "   M.  C." 


THE    GIUEEN'S    PROGRESS    FROM    GREENWICH    TO    HOTHFIELD,  1573'  347 

"  In  the  middle  of  the  Latin  Life  of  Archbishop  Parker,  intituled  Matthoeus, 
there  is  a  large  blank  left,  as  may  be  observed  in  the  said  Latin  Life,  printed  in 
the  Appendix  to  the  Life  and  Acts  of  that  Archbishop ;  in  which  blank  place 
should  have  stood  a  particular  description  of  the  Queen's  Progress,  and  of  her 
coming  in  her  said  Progress  to  Canterbury,  and  her  most  splended  entertainment 
by  the  Archbishop  there.  This  undoubtedly  was  omitted  by  that  Archbishop's 
order,  to  prevent  any  censures  of  him  that  might  be  made  thereupon.  Yet  the 
said  description  was  printed  in  that  void  place  in  some  few  copies,  rarely  to  be 
(now  especially)  met  withal.  A  worthy  learned  man,  and  a  great  searcher  after 
such  curiosities,  having  obtained  one  of  these  copies,  communicated  that  material 
omitted  part  of  the  Archbishop's  history  to  me,  which  I  have  transcribed  as  a 
great  rarity:  the  Queen's  coming  to  that  City,  and  reception  both  at  the  Cathe- 
dral and  Palace,  being  therein  largely  related  ;  and  her  departure  thence,  and  the 
rest  of  her  Progress  homeward  1:. 

"  De  Cantiana  peragratione,  ej usque  ordine  atque  forma,  ut  posteritati  rerum 
anteactarum  memoria  in  scriptis  monumentis  reservetur ;  ex  earumque  compa- 
ratione  quid  sequendum  fngiendumque  sit  animadvertatur ;  opportunum  esse 
ducimus  hoc  loco  declarare.  Decimo  quarto  igitur  die  Julii,  qui  dies  Mercurii  eo 
anno  fuerat,  Regina  Elizabetha  ab  aedibus  suis  Grenovici  discessit,  &  Croidonam 
profecta  est.  Ibi  cum  sua  Familia  in  domo  Cantuariensis  Archiepiscopi  septem 
dies  permansit;  indeque  Orpingtonam  migravit  ad  sedes  Percivalli  Hart,  Militis ; 
in  quibus  cum  triduo  permansisset,  ad  suas  aedes  Knollae  concessit ;  in  illia 
quinque  diebus  morata,  venit  Birlingham,  triduoque  Baronis  Abergavenensis 
hospitio  usa,  Calendas  Augusti  ad  alteras  ejusdem  Baronis  aedes  Eridgse  positas 
accessit ;  a  quibusj  post  sex  dierum  moram,  Bedgburiam,  ad  domum  magistri 
Culpeperi  pervenit;  indeque  postridie  Hempstedam  se  contulit,  a  magistro 
Guilford,  Milite  pauld  post  creato,  hospitio  excepta ;  triduoque  ibi  peracto,  venit 
Riam,  maritimum  in  Sussexia  oppidum  atque  portum  ;  ad  quern  ante  ilium  diem 
nunquam  Regem  aut  Reginam  pervenisse  ridicule  aiunt;  elapsoque  ibi  triduo, 
Sisinghursti,  in  aedibus  magistri  Bakeri,  quern  equestri  postea  dignitate  affecitur 
alterum  triduum  contrivit.  Turn  decimo  septimo  Augusti,  quie  dies  Lunae  fuit, 
a  magistro  Thoma  Wotton,  in  villa  quae  Bocton  Maleherb  dicitur,  hospitio  lauto 
excepta.    Post  biduum  ad  aedes  magistri  Tufton  Hothefildae  profecta  est;  alteroque 

1  These  Extracts,  though  they  are  unavoidably  a  repetition,  confirm  and  illustrate  the  preceding 
and  subsequent  articles. 


348       THE    ftUEEN's    PROGRESS    FROM    WESTENHANGER   TO    CANTERBURY,  1573- 

illic  transacto   biduo  ad   domum    suam    Westenhanger,   quae  Domini   Baronis 
Buckhurst  custodioe  committitur,  pervenit.     In  ea  quatriduum  consumpsit.     Turn 
cum  ad  Doveriam  festinasset,  in  itinere  in  Castello  Sandownensi  pransa,  Folkesto- 
nam  Montem  conscendit ;  in  quo  Monte  Archiepiscopus  Cantuariensis,  qui  turn 
Beakesbornae  morabatur,  &  Dominus  Baro  Cobham  Maritimis  Portubus  Praefectus, 
cum  magno  farnulitii  sui  grege,  suae  Magestati  obviam  ibant.     Militesque  atque 
Generosi  Cantiani  amplius  trecenti  cum  famulorum  equis  insidentium  turmis  ac 
catervis  eo  convenerunt.     Quibus  a  MontisJFolkestonae  fastigio  fere  ad  Doveriae 
oppidi  fines  late  distinctis  &  extensis  regina   ad  Doveriam  transiit.      In  cujus 
finibus  summus  oppidi  Magistratus,  quern  "  Majorem"  vocant,  &  Jurati  trecentis 
armatis  Militibus  comitati,  Reginam  excepit,  &  sub  noctem  ad  Doveriam  perduxit. 
Interea  frequentes  tormentorum  ictus  ex  Castro,  navium  statione,  &  aliis  arcibus 
emissi  tanquam  tonitrua  in  aere  resonabant.     Hie  adventus  die  Martis,  qui  vicesi- 
mus  quintus  Augusti  fuit,  Archiepiscopi,  Nobilium,  Generosorum,  ac  Militum 
Cantii,  turn  frequenti  multitudine  celebratur.     Doveriae  itaque  sex  dies  permansit. 
Turn   Sandwicum   venit;  ibi   a   Majore  ac   Juratis    satis    laute    excepta  peregit 
triduum1.      Postridieque,   qui    tertius  Septembris    fuit,    Winghamae    in   itinere 
pransa,  accessit  Cantuariam   paulo  post  horam  tertiam  pomeridianam  ;  ej usque 
per  Occidentalem  Portam  in  Cathedralem  Ecclesiam  ingressus  ab  adolescente  quo- 
dam  Scholae  Grammaticalis  Discipulo  Oratione  Latina  celebabratur.     Qua  finita, 
cum  se  ad  scamnum  genibus  flexis  inclinasset;  preces  consuetae  ab  Archiepiscopo, 
Lincolniensi  Roffensique  Episcopis,  &  Doveriae  Suffraganeo,  in  adventum  ejus  fun- 
debantur.     Turn  Decanus,  una  cum  Praebendariis,  Canonicis,  Ministris,  &  choro 
Ecclesiae  Cathedralis,  nonnullisque  sui  Sacelli  Cantoribus,  earn  sub  canopeo  a  qua- 
tuor  Militibus  erecto  sequentem,  per  Chorum  usque  ad  Oratorium  suum  praeibant. 
Indeque,  finitis  vespertinis  precibus,  reversa  per  urbis  plateas  ad  suum  Palatium, 
quod  antiquitus  Augustinense  dicebatur,  transiit.     Ac  die.Dominico  ad  eandem 
Ecclesiam  curriculo  per  plateas  ducta  rursus  reddiit.     Eo  die  Decanus  e  sacro 
suggestu  concionatus  est.     Cumque  is  peroravisset,  ad  Palatium  eadem  via  cur- 
riculo regressa  est.     Postridie  vero,  qui  septimus  mensis  Septembris  fuit,  ad  con- 
vivium  ab  Archiepiscopo  invitata,  ad  Archiepiscopale  Palatium,  cum  tota  Familia 
venit.     Is   natalis  fuit  Reginae  dies:    namque  anno  Domini    1533,   &  vicesimo 
quinto  regni  Patris  sui  Henrici  Octavi,  Grenovici,  septimo  Septembris,  qui  eo  anno 

'  A  particular  account  of  the  Queen's  reception  at  Sandwich  my  be  seen  in  p.  337. 


THE  aUEEN  AT  CANTERBURY,  1573-  3^9 

Dominicus  dies  fuit,  nata  est ;  quadraginta  ante  has  Archiepiscopales  epulas  annis 

eademque,  nempe  inter  primam   &  secundam  pomeridianam,  qua  convivata,  ests 

hora.    Triduo  autern  postquam  nata  est,  in  Porticu  Ecclesiae  Conventualis  Fratrum 

Observantium,  Thomas  Cranmerus  Archiepiscopus  Cantuariensis,  ac  illustrissimae 

Viduae  Domina  Agnes  Thomae  quondam  Norfolcise  Ducis,  &  Domina  Margareta 

Thomae  Dorcestrensis,    Marchionis    Relictae,   earn    in    baptismate    susceperunt : 

Johannes    Stokesleius   Londinensis    Episcopus,    assistentibus    sibi   Westmonaste- 

riensi,    Sancti    Albani,   Sancti    Salvatoris,    atque   Stratfordensi    Abbattibus,   turn 

Thoma  Norfolciensi  &  Carolo  Suffolciensi  Ducibus,  Thoma  Dorcestrensi,  Henrico 

Exoniensi    Marchionibus,    Henrico    Essexiae,    Henrico    Wigornensi,    &   Thoma 

Wiltoniensi,  Comitibus,  ac  nonnullis  aliis  illustribus  viris  praesentibus,  earn  bapti- 

zavit,     Sed  in  hoc  lautissimo  Archiepiscopali  convivio,  quod  ipso  suo  natali  die 

atque  hora,  cum  quadragesimum  aetatis  suae  annum  attigisset,  celebravit,  hie  ordo 

observabatur.     Nobiles    soli    Reginae    ministrabant ;    quae    simul   atque    manus 

abluisset,  accessit  ad  mensam  in  summo  Aulae1  Archiepiscopalis  loco  in  latitudinem 

extensam  ;  ad  cujus  medium,  in  veteri  quadam  marmorea  Cathedra2,  pannis  auro 

infusis  ornata  sub  pretioso  auroque  fulgenti  regio  conopeo  discubuit.     Turn  comes 

RetiusGalliaeMareschallus,  qui  paulo  ante  a  Rege  Galliae  ad  Reginam  cum  centum 

Generosis  Cantuariam  Legatus  venisset,  una  cum  Domino  Moto,  ejusdem  Regis  ad 

Reginam  Oratoreadextris  Reginae  ad  ejusdem  mensaeextremitatem,  ore  ad  Reginam 

tergoque  ad  Aulam,  ut  convenientius  familiariusque  conferri  sermones  poterant, 

converso  sedebant :  Alteramque  a  sinistris  mensae  extremitatem  quatuor  illustres 

Fceminae,  Marchionissa  Northamptonensis,  Comitissa  Oxoniensis,  Comitissa  Lin- 

colniensis,  &  Comitissa  Warvicensis,  occupabant.     Reginae  a  Stipatoribus,  quos 

Pensionarios    appellant,    in    mensa   ministratum    est:    Legato    autem   &  Oratori 

Gallico,  necnon  Marchionissae  atque  Comitissis  a  Satellitibus  Regiis.     Ferculorum 

carnibus  ac  piscibus  delicatissimus  refertorum  ordines  duo  apponebantur  ;  praeter 

tertium,  qui  ex  selectissimis  placentarum  generibus  constabat.     Reliquae  omnes 

aulae  mensae  convivis  repletae  sunt.     In  proximis  Reginae  mensis  a  dextris  discu- 

buerunt  cum  Archiepiscopo  Consiliarii  cum  quibusdam  turn  viris  turn  fceminis 

illustribus;    &  ex  his  praecipui  illorum  qui  ex  Gallia  cum   Retio  venerant:  A 

sinistris  nobiles  ac  illustres  fceminae.     In  remotioribus  vero  mensis  Major  Cantu- 

1  Of  the  present  melancholy  reverse  of  this  Hall,  see  Mr.  Gostling,  p.  127. 

•  Could  this  be  the  patriarchal  chair,  as  called,  of  three  pieces  of  grey  marble,  wherein  the  Arch- 
bishops are  enthroned,  now  kept  in  the  Cathedral  ?  lb.  p.  279 


350  THE  aUEEN  AT  CANTERBURY,  1573- 

ariensis,  cum  illius  Civitatis  Senioribus,  &  Cantiani  Comitates  generosi  viri  & 
mulieres  sederunt.  Hisque  omnibus  ab  Archiepiscopi  famulis  toto  convivio 
servitum  est.  Interea  vero,  dum  multi  speetatum  frequentes  introiisent  &  aulam 
mediam  pene  complevissent,  removen  eos  &  ad  Aula?  latera  concedere  subinde 
jussit  Regina,  ut  Aulae  longitudinem  &  discumbentes  per  omnes  mensas  convivas 
intueretur.  Epulis  autem  peractis,  &  remotis  mensis  postquam  assurrectum  est, 
Regina,  cum  Retio  Legato  &  Domino  MotoOratoreGallico,  ad  longam  illam  mensam 
secretum  sermonem  habuit,  interea  dum  inter  Nobiles  ad  instrumenta  musica 
tripudia  haberentur.  Ac  paulo  post  per  viam  secretam  in  Archiepiscopi  deam- 
bulatorium  ascendit.  Ibi  cum  eodem  Legato  ad  noctem  fere  colloquium  produxit. 
Turn  Archiepiscopum  accersivit;  narravitque  quam  gratum  atque  honorificum 
sibi  visum  esset  illius  diei  convivium ;  actisque  summis  gratiis  ad  Palatium 
suum  in  curriculo  per  plateas  reducta  est.  Atque,  praeter  hoc  magnificum  ac 
sumptuosum  convivium,  Archiepiscopus  insignia  quaedem  dona  Reginae  dedit,  sal- 
sarium  l,  viz.  ex  auro  afFabre  factum  ;  in  ejus  coopertorio  achates  gemma,  Divum 
Georgium  Draconem  trucidantem,  cum  Gallicis  versibus  in  Regis  insigniis  con- 
suetis  continens,  intexitur;  in  orbe  autem  sive  concavio  ejusdem  alter  achates  in- 
cludebatur,  in  quo  vera  Reginae  imago  in  albo  achate  incisa  fuit  in  coopertorii 
autem  summo  surea  navicula  adamentem  oblongum  tenuit.  Hoc  salsarium  cum 
sex  Portugallensibus  aureis  ejus  concavo  inclusis,  quorum  singula  tribus  libris 
decern  solidis  Anglicis  valent,  Archiepiscopus  Reginae  dono  dedit ;  quod  ducentis 
amplius  Anglicis  marcis  aestimabatur.  Praeterea  equum  ei  praestantern,  quern  in 
Monte  Folkestonae,  cum  famulatum,  ut  diximus,  Archiepiscopi  praetergressa  est, 
inter  caeteros  ejus  catervae  equos  conspexit  ac  animadvertit,  Archiepiscopus  do- 
navit:  cujus  etiam  generis  equos  nonnullis  Proceribus  Reginam  tunc  comitantibus 
largitus  est.  Quibus  praeterea  singulis,  atque  Consiliariis  virisque  in  Aula  illus- 
tribus  librum  Latine  nuper  editum  "  de  Visibili  Rom'anarchia"  contra  Nicolai 
Sanderi  "Monarchiam  ;"  matronis  autem  atque  foeminis  illustribus  Commentaria 
in  Ecclesiasten  in  Anglicum  sermonem  versa,  &  Biblia  minora  Anglica,  artificiose 
ac  ornate  ligata, dedit.  Ad  extremum,  inter  Regii  Hospitii  Ministros  atque  Famulos, 
quingentos  amplius  aureos  distribuit.  Toto  etiam  tempore  quo  Regina  Can- 
tuariae  commorata  est,  Archiepiscopi  domus  Convivis,  tarn  ex  Aula  quam  exComi- 
tatu  aliisque  advenis  confluentibus,  benificentissime  patuit.  Etin  magna  Camera 
tres  Conviviorum  ordines  singulis  diaetis  pro  Proceribus,  Consiliariis  &  illustrioribus 

1  See  the  «  List  of  Plate  and  Jewels/'  at  the  end  of  1573. 


THE    GLUEEN's    RETURN    FROM    CANTERBURY    TO    GREENWICH,   1573-  351 

Convivis  apparabantur:  quorum  duo  ad  mensam  Archiepiscopi,  tertius  ad  aliam 
adjunctam  quadratum  mensam,  appositi  sunt.  Aula  vero  minor  in  prandiis, 
coenis,  necnon  matutinis  jentaculis  satellitibus,  caeterisque  inferioribus  hospitii, 
Regii  Ministris  cum  magna  frequentia  indies  replebatur.  Atque  horum  Omnium 
Conviviorum  apparatus  ciborumque  in  eis  varietas  in  Rotulis  seorsim  describuntur. 
"  Sequenti  rursus  dieDominicoRegina  ad  Ecclesiam  Cathedraiem  in  curriculo  per 
plateas  rediit;  precibusque  matutinis  finitis,  concioneque  a  Lincolniensi  Episcopo1 
habita,  ad  Palatium  suum  eo  quo  ad  Ecclesiam  accesit  ordine  regressa  est.  Haec 
Reginae  mora  Cantuariae  quatuordecim  dierum  fuit.  Namque  die  Mercurii,  qui 
decimus  quartus  post  adventum  suum  esset,  eo  Favershamiam  migravit,  ibique 
permansit  biduo:  Turn  die  Veneris  ad  Sittingbornam  perrexit,  &  aedibus  magistri 
Cromeri  Armigeri  pernoctavit;  postridieque  Roffam  appulit:  Quatriduoque  in 
Hospitio  Coronae  sic  dicto  diversabatur ;  ac  die  Dominico  in  Ecclesia  Cathedrali 
Roffensi  matutinis  precibus  &  concioni  divinae  intermit ;  semelque  in  aedibus 
magistri  Watts  pernoctavit.  A  Roffa  ad  suas  aedes  Dartfordiae  sitas  progressa  est ; 
indeque  post  biduum  Grenovicum  tandem  iterum  reducta  a  peregrinando  cessavit 
atque  requievit.  In  tota.  autem  hac  Cantiana  peragratione,  quam  ex  omnibus 
quas  unquam  peregit  Provinciarum  suarum  seu  Comitatuum  lustrationibus,  ob 
Cantiorum  summam  humanitatem  ac  lautitiam,  Regina  crebis  laudibus  extulit, 
Viccecomes,  cum  Militibus  atque  Generosis  Cantii  catervatim,  earn  comitabantur. 
Ac  postquam  Regina  dicessisset  Cantuaria,  Archiepiscopus  ad  residuum  ejus  copiae, 
quam  in  Reginae  adventum  ut  lautus  paterfamilias  comparaverat  ex  Urbe  &  vicinis 
parochiis,  &  multos  Convivas  invitavit  liberaliterque  excepit,  &  pauperes  abunde 
pavit  assidue.  Turn  Metropoliticam  Visitationem  in  Ecclesia  Cathedrali  atque 
Dicecesi,  necnon  in  Provincia  sua,  instituendam  inchoavit:  quam,  cum  aliquandiu 
tenuisset  atque  celebrasset,  ad  ulteriorem  diem  prorogavit.  Et  die  Veneris,  qui 
nonus  mensis  Octobris  fuit,  Cantuaria  profectus  est  Roffam,  ibique  pernoctavit. 
Postridie  ad  Montem  Sagittariorum  2  obvius  factus  ab  his  qui  sui  essent  famulitii 
atque  clientelae  Lametham  salvus  ac  incolumis  cum  omnium  pene  plausu  gaudio- 
que  pervenit.  Cum  paulum  acqievisset,  seque  non  modo  ab  itineris,  sed  nego- 
tiorum  Cantuariensium  molestiis  recollegisset ;  ex  farna.,  quae  de  Reginae  ad  ejus 
Palatium  adventu  &  lauto  illo  convivio  percrebuit,  &  recordatione  gratissima  erga 

'  Thomas  Cowper,  Dean  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,   1566;  Bishop   of  Lincoln,   1570,  and  of 
Winchester,  1584—1595. 
•  Shooter's  Hill. 


352  THE    €IUEEN    AT    CANTERBURY   AND    FEVERSHAM,  1573- 

se  Reginae  animi,  sane  multum  recreabatur.  Nam  cum  ante,  ut  diximus,  Palatium 
illud  Cantuariense  vetustate  &  praedecessorum  suorum  incuria  ad  ruinam  pro- 
pensum  &  fere  devastatum  magnis  sumptibus  reparasset;  laetabatur  tarn  secundum 
eventum  illorum  sumptuum  accidisse,  ut  refectum  jam  &  ornatum  a  se  Palatium 
Reginae  Convivae  praesentia  nobilitarctur.  Turn  &  illud  opportunum  maxime  fuit; 
quod  septuagesimus  Cantuariensis  Ecclesiae  Archiepiscopus,  in  septuagesimo  aeta- 
tis  suae  anno,  natali  Reginae  die  convivium  ei  exhiberet;  ut  cujus  matri  adolescens 
sacellanus  deservierat,  ad  maturam  jam  provectus  senectutem  Archiepiscopus  pro 
sua  dignitate  ampla  &  grata  officia  Reginae  praestaret.  Quod  ita  venerandi  senis  ani- 
mum  exhilaravit  tantoque  gaudio  perfudit,  ut  cum  antea  languere  ipsa  senectute 
coepisset,  tamen  post  illius  Cantianae  peragrationis  labores  atque  sumptus  animo 
corporeque  sic  composito  fuit,  ut  renovata  ei  senectus,'  annique  quasi  juveniles 
restituti  esse  videbantur." 

But  to  return  to  the  Queen.     After  tarrying  fourteen  days  at  Canterbury,  she 
departed  to  Feversham  l,  where  she  continued  two  days. 

1  "  (Queen  Elizabeth  lay  two  nights  in  Faversham,  which  cost  the  Town  g§A4.  19s.  4d.  including  a 

silver  cup  presented  to  her,  which  cost  s£.%7-  2s."     Jacob's  History  of  Faversharn,  p.  106 ;  and  see 

the  "  List  of  Plate  and  Jewels." — Mr.  Jacob  also  preserves  the  following  Extracts  of  memorable 

circumstances  from  the  Account-book  of  the  Chamberlain  of  Feversham :   . 

1315  Paide  for  brede  and  wine  given  the  Queen  of  France 

1516  For  wine  to  my  Lord  Warden  and  Lord  Bergavenny        - 

Spent  at  auditing  the  accounts  ------ 

1518  To  entertain  my  Lord  Chief  Justice  cost  -  -  - 

1519  For  spiced  brede  and  wine  to  the  Lord  Archbishop  - 

For  spiced  brede,  wine,  bere,  and  ale,  to  the  King  and  Queen     - 

. i  For  spiced  brede,  wine,  and  capons,  to  my  Lord  Cardinal  - 

1532  To  entertain  the  King's  Highnes  and  the  Emperoure  when  they  came  by  the  town 

towards  London  -  -  -  ._.__ 

For  a  gallon  of  wine  to  the  Lord  Archbishop     - 

1523  For  three  capons  3s.  and  for  wine  to  the  Lord  Warden  7d. 

1 525  For  the  Mayor  and  six  Jurats,  and  their  servants  expences  and  horse-hires  in 

going  to  the  Court  of  Shipway  -  -  -  -  -  -I  16    4 

1545  King  Henry  VIII.  lay  here  one  night,  and  was  presented  with  two  dozen  of 

capons,  two  dozen  of  chekins,  and  a  seive  of  cheris      -  -  -  1   15    4 

1546  King  Henry  VIII.  granted   his   royal  Charter  to  the  town,  appointing  John 

Seth  Mayor 

1547  King  Edward  VI.  renewed  his  Father's  Charter. 

1548  The  silver  crosse  and  chalyce  sold  for     - 
1 555  Given  the  King  and  Queen's  Jesters       -  - 

To  the  King  and  Queen's  Trumpeters   ------ 

To  the  Lord  Warden's  Mynstrells  ------ 

1557  Given  the  King  and  Queen's  Trumpeters  at  their  Grace's  passing  by  the  town 

1558  Given  to  my  Lord  Warden's  Mynstrells  - 
1561  Given  in  rewards  to  the  Queen's  Majesty's  Players  - 


& 

s. 

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0 

THE    QUEEN    AT    SITTINGBOURNE    AND    TUNSTALL,   1573.  353 

On  Friday,  September  17,  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Sittingbourne1;  and  on  the 
same  day  to  Mr.  Cromer's2,  at  the  neighbouring  village  of  Tunstall. 

On  the  evening  of  Saturday,  the  1 8th,  she  arrived  at  Rochester,  and  took  up 
her  abode  for  four  days  at  the  Crown  Inn. 

On  Sunday  she  attended  divine  Service  3,  and  heard  a  Sermon  at  the  Cathedral. 

1562  Given  to  th'  Erie  of  Oxford's  Players      ------ 

1563  Given  to  the  Queen's  Majesty's  berewards  - 
1565  A  present  of  capons  and  chekyns  to  the  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who 

came  and  preached  here,  and  entertained  the  Mayor  and  others  at  dinner,  and 
gave  to  the  poor         -------- 

1571  The  Mayor's  salary  advanced  from  g£.5  to  -  - 

1572  Paid  to  diverse  Noblemen's  Players  -         - 
1660  King  Charles  II.  visited  this  Town,  and  dined  with  the  Mayor,  the  expence  of  the 

Entertainment  was      -------- 

1660  The  Corporation  presented  the  King  with  - 

"  In  1688  King  James  made  an  unwilling  Visit  to  this  Town  3"  and  of  that  Visit  a  particular  nar- 
rative, by  Captain  Richard  Marsh,  is  given  by  Mr.  Jacob,  in  his  "  History  of  Faversham,"  p.  205  5  on 
which,  in  a  copy  of  that  book  once  belonging  to  Mr.  Cole,  of  Milton,  I  find  this  note  :  "  In  my  41 
vol.  of  MS.  Collections  is  this  account  of  the  King's  coming  to  Faversham,  at  p.  241,  very  little  dif- 
ferent from  this,  of  which  no  sort  of  account  is  given  how  it  came  into  the  Editor's  hands.  The 
paper  from  whence  I  transcribed  mine,  was  nearly,  if  not  quite  coeval  with  the  transaction,  and  was 
given  to  me  in  1769,  by  Mr.  Akehurst,  of  Ely,  one'of  the  daughters  and  coheirs  of  the  late  Samuel 
Gatward,  Esq.  Recorder  of  Cambridge." — "  P.  209,  The  gentlemen  were  contriving  his  escape  3  but 
the  rabble  or  seamen  would  by  no  means  admit  of  it,  &c." — P.  212.  1.  ult.  r.  "  Genison." 

1  Fulston,  a  large  mansion  in  Sittingbome  parish,  belonged  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  to  John 
Cromer,  Esq.  third  son  of  Sir  James  Cromer,  of  Tunstall,  Knight,  who  died  1539;  and  the  estate 
descended  to  his  nephew  Sir  James  Cromer,  of  Tunstall,  Knight,  grandson  of  the  same  name,  who 
enjoyed  it,  and  died  1613.  This  last  gentleman  probably  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  her  Majesty 
under  his  roof  3  for  the  Archbishop's  Latin  account  calls  him  esquire. — Elizabeth  granted  this  town, 
in  the  following  year,  the  16th  of  her  reign,  a  Charter  of  Incorporation,  with  a  market  and  two  fairs; 
but  the  Charter  does  not  appear  to  have  been  used.  The  market  was  kept  up  but  a  few  years,  and 
only  the  two  fairs  subsist.     Hasted,  vol.  II.  pp.  614,  615. 

1  William  Cromer,  Esq.  became  possessed  of  the  manor  of  Tunstall  at  the  early  age  of  10  years, 
on  the  death  of  his  father  Sir  James  Cromer,  May  30,  1541 3  but  being  afterwards  concerned  in  the 
first  year  of  Queen  Mary  in  the  Rebellion  raised  by  Sir  Thomas  Wyatt,  he  was  on  the  1 1th  of  February, 
1552-3,  committed  to  the  Tower  with  many  others;  and,  being  attainted,  this  manor,  among  the 
rest  of  his  estates,  became  forfeited  to  the  Crown  ;  where  it  remained  till  he  was  restored  in  blood,  as 
well  as  in  his  possessions,  by  Act  of  Parliament,  anno  5  Elizabeth.  After  which  he  served  the  office 
of  Sheriff  in  the  9th  and  27th  years  of  that  reign  j  was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  3  and  was  knighted. 
Sir  William  Cromer  died  on  the  12th  of  May,  1598,  at.  67,  and  was  buried  in  Tunstall  Church, 
having  been  twice  jnarried ;  first,  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Kempe,  of  Wye,  Knight,  by 
whom  he  had  only  one  daughter  Anne,  married  to  Thomas  Bishop,  gent. ;  and  secondly,  to  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Guldeford,  Knight,  by  whom  he  left  issue  one  son  James,  and  three  daughters. 

3  This  solemn  duty  she  never  neglected  in  any  of  her  Progresses ;  and  she  never  travelled  on  a  Sunday. 
VOL.   I.  gZ 


354  THE    ftUEEN    AT    ROCHESTER,    COBHAM,    AND    DARTFORD,   1573. 

On  one  of  the  subsequent  days  the  Queen  took  a  survey  of  the  Dock-yard  at 
Chatham  l ;  and  on  the  last  day  Mr.  Watts  2  had  the  honour  of  entertaining  her 
at  his  house  on  Bushy  Hill s.  There  is  a  traditional  story  of  this  Royal  Guest 
having  given  the  title  of  Satis  to  this  mansion  ;  either  as  declaring  it  to  be  her 
opinion  that  the  apartments  were  sufficiently  large  and  commodious  even  for  a 
Lady  of  her  exalted  rank,  and  that  therefore  all  further  apologies  on  that  subject 
from  the  master  were  needless,  or  as  expressing  her  satisfaction  at  the  treatment 
she  had  received  in  it4. 

From  Rochester  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Cobham  Hall,  the  mansion  of  the 
Lord  Cobham  5,  where  she  was  splendidly  entertained  for  two  days ;  thence  to 
her  Palace  at  Dartford  ;  and  then  returned  to  her  Palace  at  Greenwich  6. 

1  When  we  consider  the  peculiar  talents  of  Queen  Elizabeth  for  business,  and  her  close  attention 
to  the  important  affairs  of  State,  we  can  hardly  imagine  that  amusement  was  her  principal  motive 
for  her  long  continuance  in  this  place.  As  she  had  the  year  before  issued  orders  for  an  increase  of 
her  navy,  it  is  not  unlikely  that  she  was  determined  to  be  an  eye  witness  how  far  her  commands  had 
been  executed  :  and  she  might  likewise  be  desirous  of  giving,  after  a  careful  survey,  proper  directions 
for  the  security  of  her  fleet  whilst  in  harbour,  and  for  the  enlargement  and  improvement  of  the 
dock  yard.     Denne's  History  of  Rochester,  1782,  p.  17. 

*  Richard  Watts,  Esq.  was  a  Representative  in  several  Parliaments  for  the  Borough  of  Rochester, 
by  his  last  will,  dated  August  22,  1579,  he  fouuded  the  Hospital  in  that  City,  which  still  remains 
there,  for  six  poor  travellers,  who  not  being  rogues  or  procters,  may  receive  gratis,  for  one  night, 
lodging,  entertainment,  and  four-pence  each. 

3  This  elegant  and  commodious  House,  which  is  opposite  to  the  Castle,  and  commands  a  fine  view 
of  the  River  Medway,  was  in  1790  the  residence  of  John  Langley,  Esq.  Recorder  of  Rochester. 

4  If  the  former  be  the  original  meaning  of  the  term,  the  strict  propriety  of  it  cannot  be  disputed  j 
otherwise  persons,  not  much  disposed  to  cavil,  might  insinuate,  that  had  the  Queen,  instead  of  being 
quite  so  sparing  of  her  Latin  words,  condescended  to  have  prefixed  Phis  to  Satis,  she  would  not  have 
paid  a  higher  compliment  to  Mr.  Watts  than  he  deserved  for  his  generosity,  nor  more  than  was 
reasonably  to  be  expected  from  so  accomplished  a  Princess.     Denne's  Rochester,  p.  16. 

5  William  Brooke,  Lord  Cobham,  entertained  the  Queen  in  her  first  year,  July  17>  at  Cobham  Hall, 
with  a  noble  welcome,  on  her  Progress  through  Kent,  (see  p.  73) .  Being  much  in  favour  with  her, 
and  continually  employed  by  her  on  different  negotiations  abroad  :  he  was  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque 
Ports,  Constable  of  the  Tower,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  County  of  Kent,  Lord  Chamberlain  of  the 
Queen's  Houshold,  a  Privy  Counsellor,  and  Knight  of  the  Garter.  He  died  March  6,  1596-7.  In  a 
spacious  apartment  at  Cobham,  where  Queen  Elizabeth  was  entertained  in  this  Progress  with  a 
splendour  worthy  of  the  Royal  Guest,  an  inscription,  with  the  arms  of  that  Princess,  still  records 
her  Visit.  Sir  James  Hales,  of  Beakesbourn,  and  Sir  Humphry  Hales,  of  Woodchurch,  were  both 
knighted  here  by  the  Queen  in  1573.     Hasted,  vol.  I.  p.  493. 

6  The  fees  paid  at  Canterbury  to  the  Queen's  Officers  in  this  Progress  may  be  seen,  with  those  of 
Worcester,  under  the  year  1 575. 


■m 


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I 


H 


H 


H 


Ph 


earl  of  Leicester's  importance. — a  week's  diary,  1573.  355 

In  1573,  the  influence  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester1  was  become  so  considerable,  that 
his  patronage  was  solicited,  not  only  by  the  Nobility  in  general,  but  by  all  such 
Public  Corporations  as  had  favours  to  solicit  from  the  Court. 

In  this  year  the  Town  of  Tewkesbury  presented  to  that  all-powerful  Nobleman 
"  a  cup  of  silver  and  gilt,"  for  which  "  the  Town  was  levied  and  gathered."  And 
in  the  following  year  "  an  ox  of  unusual  size  was  sent  to  Kenilworth  Castle,  to 
be  presented  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  being  High  Steward,  who  had  then  procured 
the  Town  to  be  incorporated  ;  which  ox  was  seventeen  hands  high,  and  in  length 
from-  head  to  tail  twenty-six  hands  three  inches,  and  cost  ^.14  ;  for  which  the 
whole  Town  was  also  levied  and  gathered."    Tewkesbury  Records. 


The  following  City  Diary,  for  a  Week,  in  October  1573,  is  given  in  a  Letter  to 
Lord  Burghley,  from  William  Fleetwood,  Esq.  Recorder  of  London. 

To  the  Right  Honorable,  and  my  singuler  good  Lord,  my  Lord  Treasourer 
of  England.     Yeve  these. 

My  singuler  good  Lord, 
I  am  bolde  to  send  unto  your  Honour,  Diarium  Hepdomadce,  the  which  is  as 
followeth  :  Upon  Mondaye  laste,  my  Lorde  Maior  and  other  the  Justices  of  Oier 
and  Determiner,  did  sitt  in  Middlesex  at  Fynesburye,  and  there  I  gave  the  Charge 
for  treasons  and  other  hault  offenses;  where  we  delte  with  all  suche  as  had  uttered 
anie  counterfett  mony  within  Middlesex.  Upon  Tuesdaye  my  Lord  and  his  Bre- 
thren satt  in  the  Ring's  Benche,  where  I  gave  the  water  charge  for  the  ryver  of 
Thames  for  so  muche  as  is  upon  the  parte  of  Middlesex.  The  same  afternowne  we  satt 
in  Southwerk,  and  gave  the  like  charge  for  the  same  ryver  upon  Surry  syde.  This 
Sessions  is  called  the  Courte  for  the  Conservatie  of  the  Ryver  of  Thames  :  muche 
good  growethe  to  the  Commonwelthe  by  this  Courte.     Upon  Weddensdaye  we 

1  The  following  traits  in  the  character  of  this  Nobleman  are  among  the  many  curious  "  Extracts 
from  the  Berkeley  MSS."  recently  published  by  Mr.  Fosbroke: 

In  a  Letter  [to  the  Lord  Berkeley],  13  Elizabeth,  it  is  said,  "The  Earl  of  Leicester  greatly  tendinge 
to  the  younger  son,  for  that  he  is  his  godson,  and  beareth  his  name." 

"  The  Earl  of  Leicester,  when  he  was  endeavouring  to  inveigle  Lord  Berkeley  into  a  consent  to 
see  certain  of  his  evidences,  invited  that  Lord  into  his  Castle  of  Kenilworth,  '  lodginge  him,  as  a 
brother  and  fellow-huntsman,  in  his  owne  bed-chamber.' 

"  The  Herald,  sent  by  this  Lord  Leicester  to  steal  the  Evidences,  had  letters  of  recommendation  from 
Lord  Berkeley  for  a  night's  lodginge  at  Mr.  John  Savage's,  of  Sainsbury,  where,  having  liberally 
supped,  he  opened  his  portmanteau." 


356  a  week's  diary  in  the  city  of  London,  1573. 

satte  at  the  Yelde-halle ;  and  there  did  the  chifest  of  the  Comons  appere ;  and 
there  we  sitting  in  all  our  calabrye  clokes  of  murrey,  did  geve  the  newe  Shereffs, 
and  theire  under  Sheriffs  for  London  and  Middlesex,  theire  othes ;  and  then  our 
order  is,  the  one  half  to  dyne  with  the  one  Sheriff,  and  the  other  half  with  the 
other.  At  afternoone  the  same  daie,  the  new  Sheriffs  goe  to  everie  pryson,  and 
do  there  receave  all  the  prysoners  by  matter  of  record  :  and  at  everie  prison  the 
gailer  thereof  doth  make  unto  them  a  verye  fyne  and  a  nedeles  banckett,  which 
muche  better  might  be  spared  then  spente.  Upon  Thursdaye,  we  all  in  our 
gownes  and  cloks  of  scarlett  furred,  were  in  the  Yelde-hall  Chappel,  where  a  very 
learned  and  godlie  Sermon  was  preached,  and  at  the  end  of  the  Sermon,  my  Lord 
and  all  his  Brethren  received  the  Communion.  And  that  done,  we  went  into  the 
Counsell  Chamber,  and  there  pawsing  a  while,  untill  all  the  Commens  of  the 
Citie  were  placed  in  the  greate  Halle,  everie  man  in  his  degree  ;  then  in  a  decent 
order  we  came  forthe,  and  satte  downe  in  the  Est  ende  of  the  Halle  in  the  Hust- 
ings Courte,  and  then  myself  did  stande  forthe  upon  the  chekker  borde  there,  and 
used  a  simple  speche  unto  the  Comens,  partlie  noting  unto  them  brefelie  the 
cheifest  points  of  the  Sermon,  that  tended  to  the  order  of  the  ellection.  And  then 
I  put  them  in  remembranns  of  their  duetie  in  the  forme  of  theire  chosing.  And 
what  qualities  the  man  ought  to  have,  whome  they  were  of  duetie  bound  to  chose. 
That  done,  my  Lord  and  his  Brethren  retorned  to  the  greate  Counsell  Chamber, 
viz.  the  Maior's  Courte,  leaving  behind  us  the  two  newe  Sheriffs  with  the  Comen 
Sargeant :  the  which  Comen  Sarjannt  dothe  then  stand  up,  and  either  doth  or 
should  recite  unto  the  Comens  what  the  Preacher  and  I  had  spoken,  and  add 
somewhat  more  to  the  same.  And  that  done,  the  Comens  name  three  or  fower 
of  the  most  anncients.  And  after,  question  is  asked,  which  two  of  them  they 
meane  to  present  to  my  Lord  and  to  his  Brethren  ;  and  then  as  manie  as  ment 

to  have  Mr. to  be  Maior,  do  holde  up  their  handes,  and  saie  never  a 

word.  And  so  the  names  of  the  two  that  have  most  hands  are  sent  up  to  my 
Lord  and  his  Brethren ;  and  then  myself  go  downe  to  a  wyndowe,  and  begining 
with  the  yongest  Alderman,  and  in  order  to  take  their  voices  ;  and  that  done,  we 
all  retorne  to  our  place  in  the  Halle  againe,  where  I  do  declare  and  pronounce 
to  the  people  the  man  upon  whome  the  lott  of  the  election  is  fallen  upon ;  and 
then  ask  them,  ie  Whether  they  like  thereof?"  and  they  said  all,  "  Yee,  yee." 
That  done,  my  Lord  Electe  standeth  forthe  in  my  place,  and  there  doth  disable 
himself,  and  in  the  ende  is  well  contented,  and  so  geveth  them  thanks  in  like 
manner,  and  there  dothe  he  take  his  leave  ;  and  so  we  go  to  dynar  with  the  two 


A    WEEK'S    DIARY   IN   THE    CITY   OF   LONDON,  1573-  357 

olde  Sheriffs,  where  we  had  a  costlie  feaste,  with  a  playe  for  our  farewell.  Upon 
Fridaie  wee  went  with  the  newe  Sheriffs  to  the  Exchekker,  where  Mr.  Baron 
Lord  and  Mr.  Fanshowe  did  geve  them  theire  othes ;  and  that  done,  all  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Exchekker  did  dine  with  the  two  newe  Shereffs,  at  which  time  your 
Lordshipp  dyned  at  the  Tower.  Upon  Saturdaye  my  Lord  and  the  grey  cloks 
satt  in  Southwerk,  and  there  we  kepte  two  Sessionses  ;  the  one  for  the  Sewers  ; 
and  the  other  for  the  punishment  of  bawdes  and  harlotts.  In  the  afternowne,  my 
Lord  and  I  kept  the  Sessions  for  the  alehowses  in  London.  For  all  these  busines, 
yet  have  Mr.  Yale,  Mr.  Hamond,  and  myself,  everie  daie  this  week  satte  in  the  Ec- 
clesiasticall  Commission.  Wherein,  I  thank  God,  we  have  done  the  Queene's  High- 
nes  good  service.  This  present  Sondaie,  at  Paule's  Crosse,  one  Mr.  Fairfax  preach- 
eth ;  this  daie  a  man  of  my  Ladie  Mentes,  for  that  he  stolle  an  orphant  of  the 
Citie  of  12  yeres  olde  and  married  her  in  Leic.  he  being  30  yeres  olde,  doth 
publiq  penanns  for  the  same  by  the  judgement  of  the  Ecclesiasticall  Comission  : 
To-morowe  in  the  morning  we  do  adjorne  the  Commission  of  Oier  and  Deter- 
miner, untill  we  have  the  assistans  of  some  of  the  Justices,  as  concerninge  these 
lewde  fellowes  that  have  offended  in  adding  to  light  gold.  To-morowe  at  nine  of 
the  clock,  1  must  adjorne  the  Sessions  of  the  Admiraltie  in  Southwerk,  concerning 
the  triall  of  Pyratts  that  be  in  the  Marshallseys,  untill  Mr.  Doctor  Lewes  come, 
who  being  one  of  our  Chiefe  Comissioners  in  these  causes,  is  in  the  contrye  with 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls.  Mr.  Justice  Southcote  and  I  meane,  God  willing,  upon 
Tuesdai  to  help  the  Justices  of  Peace  of  Surry,  to  kepe  the  Quarter  Sessions  at 
Kingeston.  Upon  Thursdaie  I  meane  to  helpe  my  Masters  of  Buckinghamshire, 
to  kepe  theire  Sessions  at  Wickham,  and  there  to  see  the  dealings  of  my  husband- 
men and  nurse-children.  Upon  the  same  Thursdaie,  the  half-yeres  Sessions  of 
Middlesex  shalbe  kepte  at  Westminster-Halle ;  for  in  Middlesex  bene  but  two 
Generall  Sessionses  in  the  yere  by  statute.  But  trulie,  I  thinke,  we  do  kepe  Petit 
Sessionses  about  50  in  the  yere.  Upon  Saterdaie,  the  Gaole  Deliverie  of  Newgate 
for  felons  shalbe  kepte.  Upon  Mondaie  next  after  that,  the  foresaid  adjorned 
Sessiones  of  the  Admiraltie  shalbe  kept  in  Southwerk  ;  and  after  all  these  things 
done  as  they  ought  to  be,  I  meane,  by  God's  Grace,  to  see  your  Honour,  my  Ladie, 
and  my  good  landladie,  my  Ladie  of  Oxenford,  and  then  Mr.  Chancellor  of  the 
Duchie,  and  so  to  Cambridge,  and  then  home  again  to  my  former  affayres.  Thus 
most  humblie  I  take  my  leave  of  your  good  Lordshipp  this  presente  first  Sondaie 
of  October,  1573.     Your  good  Lordshipp's  most  humble,        W.  Fleetwood. 


358 


DINNERS, 

Termino  Pasche  et  Sancte  Trinitatis  Anno  15°  Reg'ne  Elizabethe  !. 

Termino  Pasche,  Anno  15°  Diie  Regine  Elizabethe. 

A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Chanceler,  Mr.  Justice  Southcott,  and  others, 
upon  the  28th  daye  of  Marche,  1573- 

d. 


s. 

Imprimis,  bread  and  beare         -  6  8 
Item,  for  a  capon          -             -22 

Item,  for  a  necke  of  motten  1  0 

Item,  for  a  breaste  of  veale         -  1  8 

Item,  for  a  cople  of  chickins      -  1  0 

Item,  for  a  side  of  linge             -  1  8 

Item,  for  a  side  of  habberdine  -  0  8 

Item,  for  a  taile  of  poudrid  codd  0  8 

Item,  for  a  great  fresh  codd        -  2  0 

Item,  for  three  place     -  1  4 

Item,  for  a  quarter  of  smeltes    -  0  6 

Item,  for  butter              -             -  2  0 

Item,  for  egges              -             -  1  0 


Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  viniger,  musterd,  and 

barberyes  - 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  sallet,  herbes,  persley,  and 

rootes  - 

Item,  for  yest 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  flier  in  the  perler  and 

kitchin         -.,■-- 
Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 

napry,  and  other  necessaries  - 


Folio. 
2 


Sma  tts  xxxviiis.  mid. 

A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesaurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  and  others, 
upon  the  31st  daie  of  March,  1573. 

Item 


Imprimis,  bread,  bear,  and  ale 
Item,  for  a  sorloine  of  byfe 
Item,  for  a  loine  of  veale 
Item,  for  two  capons     - 
Item,  for  halfe  a  lambe 
Item,    for     halfe    a    dozen    of 

pigions  - 

Item,  for  three  rabbetes 
Item,  for  butter  < 
Item,  for  egges 
Item,  for  oringes 


5 

0 

6' 

0 

2 

0 

4 

6 

2 

8 

1 

2 

1 

6 

2 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4 

for  vineger,  vergis,    and 

barberyes      - 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  swete  water    - 
Item,  for  white  wine 
Item,  for  perslye 
Item,  for  flier  in  the  perler  and 

kitchen         - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for   occupienge  of    plate 

naprye,  and  other  necessaries 


*. 

d. 

0 

4 

0 

6 

2 

6 

0 

6 

0 

1 

3 

0 

4     0 


0 


0 
2 
0 
0 
0 

5 
3 


6 
6 
6 

4 

1 

0 
0 

0 


Sma  tts  xlii-s.  vd. 


From  Cod.  MSS.  Ashmol.  7952—831—4. 


DINNERS    IN    EASTER   TERM,  1573* 


359 


Folio. 
3 


A  Dinner  for  the  Lords  of  the  Parliament  House,  and  others, 
upon  the  first  daie  of  April,  1573. 

d. 


s. 


Imprimis,  for  bread,  beare,  and 

ale  - 
Item,  for  mareboones    - 
Item,  for  bacon 
Item,  for  powdrid  byfe 
Item,  for  a  sorloine  and  two  doble 

ribbs  of  byfe 
Item,  for  two  brestes  and  a  loine 

ofveale         - 
Item,  vii  capons 
Item,  a  lambe  and  a  halfe 
Item,  a  dozen   and  an  halfe  of 

pigions  - 

Item,  two  dozen  of  chickins     - 
Item,  a  dozen  and  iii  rabbetes    - 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  egges 


13 

4 

1 

1 

2 

2 

4 

0 

-    10      0 


5 

4 

16 

0 

8 

0 

3 

6 

12 

0 

7 

6 

4 

6 

0 

8 

Item,  for  oringis 

Item,  for  vineger,  verges,  barbe- 

ryes,  and  musterd 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  fruiete 
Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete 

water  - 

Item,  for  white  wine     - 
Item,  for  pslye,  sorill,  and  stroing 

herbes  -  ' 

Item,  for  ffier  in  the  pier,  haule, 

and  kitchin 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries 
Item,  for  boote  hier 


Sma  tts  cxviis.  ixJ. 


Folio. 
4 


A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Fanshew  and  Mr.  Osburne, 
upon  the  seconde  daie  of  April,  15  73. 

Imprimis,  bread,  beare,  and  ale      2     6     Item,  for  half  a  dozen  of  pigions 
Item,  a  breaste  of  veale  -     2     0     Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  a  capon  -  -     2     8     Item,  for  ffier  in  the  pier 

Item,  for  iiii  chickins    -  -     2     8 

Sma  tts  xiiis. 

Folio. 

5  A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Fanshawe  and  Mr.  Osburne, 

upon  the  10th  daie  of  Aprill,  1573. 

Imprimis,  bread  and  beare         -  2  0 

Item,  for  linge                -  -  1  4 

Item,  for  boiled  smeltes  -  0  8 

Item,  for  buttrid  place  -  -  1  0 
Item,    for   a   fowle,    and    fresh 

samond          -             -  -  4  0 

Item,  for  fried  rochetes  -  1  8 


Sfii  tts  xvis.  vie? 


Item,  for  fried  sooles     - 

Item,  for  fried  smeltes  - 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  buttred  egges 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  fier  in  the  pier 


s. 

d. 

0 

8 

1 

4 

7 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

0 

8 

6 

8 

6 

0 

5 

0 

0 

"8 

1     8 

0  6 

1  0 


2 

6 

0 

8 

0 

4 

0 

8 

0 

6 

0 

2 

1 

0 

3^0  DINNERS    IN    EASTER    TERM,  1573- 

Folio. 
6       A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesaurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  and  the  rest  of  the 
Barons  and  Officers,  upon  the  16  daie  of  Aprile,  15 73. 

s.  d. 


Imprimis,    breade,    beare,    and 

ale   - 
Item,  for  mareboones    - 
Item,    a    sorloine  and  a  dobble 

ribb  of  byfe 
Item,  for  3  grene  geese 
Item,   for  two   brestes,  a  loine, 

and  a  legge  of  veale  - 
Item,  for  6  capons 
Item,  for  three  sides  of  lambe    - 
Item,  for  a  dozen  and  an  halfe  of 

pigions  - 

Item,  for  a  dozen  of  chickins 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  rabbetes     - 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  egges 


Folio 

7 


Item,  for  oringes 
13     4     Item,  for  viniger,  musterd,  and 
1     0  barberies       -..-.'- 

Item,  for  spices 
8     6     Item,  for  fruiete 
4     0     Item,  for  rose-water   and  swete 
water  - 

6  6     Item,  for  white  wine     - 

13     6     Item,    for    psly    and    strowing- 

7  0         herbes  - 

Item,  for    fier    in  the  pier  and 

4  0  kitchen 

5  4     Item,  for  a  boote  hier  - 
5     0     Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

3  4  Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 
1  0  naprie,  and  other  necessaries  - 
Sma  tts  as.  iid. 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesaurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  and  my  Lord 
Chefe  Baron,  with  the  rest  of  the  Barons  and  Officers, 
upon  the  24th  daie  of  Aprill. 

Imprimis,  bread,  beare,  and  ale  13     4     Item,  for  sallet  oile 


Item,  for  linge 

Item,  for  three  coddes  - 

Item,  for  three  plase     - 

Item,  for  6  whitinges    - 

Item,  for  2  pikes 

Item,  for  fresh  samond 

Item,  for  conger 

Item,  for  turbet 

Item,  for  5  sooles 

Item,  for  flownders 

Item,  for  smeltes 

Item,  for  crefishes 

Item,  for  shrimpes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  egges 

Item,  for  potage 

Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  pslye 


4 

0 

6 

8 

3 

0 

2 

6 

5 

4 

8 

0 

9 

0 

4 

0 

5 

0 

2 

6 

2 

0 

1 

0 

0 

4 

4 

8 

1 

4 

0 

6 

1 

0 

1 

0 

Sma  fts  cviiis.  viiic?. 


Item,  for  yest  - 

Item,  for  vineger,  vergis  bar- 
beries, and  musterd 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 
water  - 

Item,  for  white  wine     - 

Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for  fier  in  the  pier  and 
kitchen  - 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 
naprie,  and  other  necessaries  - 

Item,  for  a  necke  of  mutten 

Item,  for  a  capon 

Item,  for  two  chickins  - 


s. 

d. 

0 

8 

1 

0 

6 

0 

1 

6 

0 

8 

0 

4 

0 


6 

0 

0 

8 

6 

0 

5 

0 

0 

4 

0 

2 

2 

0 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

1 

0 

6 

0 

0 

8 

6 

0 

5 

0 

1 

0 

2 

4 

1 

0 

DINNERS    IN   EASTER   TERM,  1573- 


361 


Folio. 

8 


A  Dinner  for  the  Barons  and  Officers,  upon  the  27th  of  Aprill,  1573. 

d. 

Item,  for  sallet  oile 
Item,  for  yest 


Imprimis,  bread,  and  beare 

Item,  for  linge 

Item,  for  a  great  codde's  heade  - 

Item,  for  a  place 

Item,  for  a  pike 

Item,  for  fresh  samond 

Item,  for  flownders 

Item,  for  sooles 

Item,  for  smeltes 

Item,  for  crefishes 

Item,  for  shrimpes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs 

Item,  for  potage 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  pslye 


s. 
6 
1 
1 
0 

3 
5 
1 
1 

6 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 


0 
8 
8 
10 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
4 
6 
8 
6 
6 


Sm  tis  xlvs. 


Item,  for  vineger,  vergis,  bar- 
beries, and  musterd  - 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 
water  - 

Item,  for  white  wine     - 

Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for  fier  in  pier  and  kitchin 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 
naprie,  and  other  necessaries 


s. 
0 
0 

0 
4 
0 

0 
0 
0 

3 
0 

3 


d. 
6 

2 

6 

0 

8 

6 
4 
6 
6 

8 
0 

0 


Folio. 
9 


A  Dinner  for  the  Jury,  upon  the  27th  daie  of  Aprill,  1573. 


Imprimis,  bread  and  beare 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  sallites  and  egges 

Item,  for  rice-potage     - 

Item,  for  linge 

Item,  for  fresh  codd 


5 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

8 

2 

0 

3 

4 

Item,  for  buttrid  egges 
Item,  for  buttrid  place 
Item,  for  fried  flownders 
Item,  for  fresh  samond 
Item,  for  wine 

Sm  tts  xxvis.  vind. 


Folio. 
10 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Baron,  with  the  rest  of  the  Barons 
and  Officers,  upon  the  28th  daie  of  Aprill,  1573. 


Imprimis,  bread,  beare,  and  ale     7     0 

Item,  linge        -             -  -30 

Item,  for  a  great  codd    -  -     2     0 

Item,  for  mackrill          -  -     0     6 

Item,  for  place               -  -     0   10 

Item,  for  a  pike             -  -26 

Item,  for  fresh  samond  -     4     0 

Item,  for  conger            -  -     4     8 

Item,  for  flownders        -  -     2     0 

vol.  1.  3  a 


Item,  for  sooles 

Item,  for  smeltes  - 

Item,  for  crefishes 

Item,  for  shrimpes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  egges 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  psly 

Item,  for  sallet  oil 

Item,  for  yest  - 


1  4 

2  2 
1  6 
6  0 


2 

6 

I 

0 

0 

6 

0 

4 

2 

8 

1 

0 

0 

6* 

0 

2 

0 

2 

362 


DINNERS    IN    EASTER    TERM,   1573- 


d. 


Item,  for  vineger,  vergis,  bar- 
beries, and  musterd  - 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete 
water 

Item,  for  white-wine     - 


0 

6 

6 

0 

l 

0 

0 

6 

0 

4 

Sm  tis  Wis.  und. 


Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for  fier  in   the  pier  and 

kitchen         - 
Item,  for  boote  hier      - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for   occupienge   of  plate, 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries 


s. 

d. 

0 

6 

3 

6 

0 

8 

3 

0 

5     0 


Folio. 
11 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  my  Lord  Chefe  Baron,  and  the  rest 
of  the  Barons  and  Officers,  upon  the  29th  daie  of  Aprill,  1573. 


Imprimis,  bread,  beare,  and  ale 

Item,  for  linge 

Item,  for  3  coddes 

Item,  for  3  place 

Item,  for  a  gurnard 

Item,  for  two  pikes 

Item,  for  halfe  a  samond 

Item,  for  conger 

Item,  for  flownders 

Item,  for  sooles 

Item,  for  smeltes 

Item,  for  crefishes         - 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  egges 

Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  psly 

Item,  for  yest 


13 

4 

Item,  for  sallet-oile 

0 

4 

5 

0 

Item,    for    vineger,   virgis,  bar- 

6 

8 

baries,  and  musterd  - 

2 

0 

S 

0 

Item,  for  spices 

6 

0 

2 

8 

Item,  for  fruiete 

1 

0 

6 

0 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 

10 

0 

water             - 

0 

8 

8 

0 

Item,  for  white  wine 

0 

4 

1 

4 

Item,  for  sacke 

1 

0 

2 

8 

Item,  for  fier  in  the  pier  and 

1 

0 

kitchin          -             - 

6 

0 

1 

0 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

0 

8 

4 

8 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

6 

0 

1 

4 

Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 

1 

0 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries 

5 

0 

I 

0 

Item,  for  a  capon 

2 

4 

0 

2 

Item,  for  3  chickins 

1 

2 

Sixi  tts  c\s.  i\ud. 

Folio. 
12 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  and  my  Lord 
Chefe  Baron,  and  the  rest  of  the  Barons  and  Officers, 
upon  the  2d  daie  of  Maie. 


Imprimis,  bread,  beare,  and  ale  13     4 

Item,  for  linge 

Item,  for  3  coddes 

Item,  for  3  place 

Item,  for  a  gurnard 

Item,  for  two  pikes 

Item,  for  a  samond 

Item,  for  conger 


3 

4 

6 

0 

2 

6 

4 

0 

5 

6 

7 

0 

3 

0 

Item,  for  a  burte 
Item,  for  flownders 
Item,  for  sooles 
Item,  for  smeltes 
Item,  for  shrimpes 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  egges 
Item,  for  oringes 


3 

8 

1 

4 

6 

0 

1 

6 

0 

4 

4 

8 

1 

4 

0 

8 

DINNERS    IN    EASTER    TERM,  1573- 


363 


Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  psly 

Item,  for  sallet-oile 

Item,  for  yest  - 

Item,  for  vineger,  vergis,  bar- 
beries, and  musterd  - 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 
water  - 

Item,  for  white  wine     - 


s. 

d. 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

2 

2 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for   fier  in  the  pier  and 

kitchin  - 

Item,  for  boote  hier       -         .    - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,   for    occupienge  of  plate, 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries 
Item,  for  a  capon 
Item,  for  4  rabbetes 
Sfft  tts  sg.iiih 


xvus. 


W'ud. 


s. 

1 

5 

0 
6 

5 
2 
1 


d. 

0 

0 

s 

0 

0 
4 

8 


Folio. 
13     Smattis  expens'  apud  xii  prand'  tent*  in  Scco  Dne  Rne  Termino  Pasche  hoc 
Anno  xv°  Elizabethe  Rne  1573,  ut  pcellatim  antea  ^.xxxviii.  iii*.  xd. 


Folio. 
14 


Termino  Ste  Trinitatis,  Ano  150  Dne  Rne  Eliz.  1573. 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lord  Chefe  Baron 
with  others,  upon  the  23  daie  of  Maie,  1573. 


Imprimis,  bread,  ale,  and  beare  13 

Item,  a  linge  and  a  halfe             -  4 

Item,  three  greate  codds              -  8 

Item,  iii  great  place       -             -  3 
Item,  ii  pikes  -             -              -6 

Item,  a  gurnard              -             -  2 

Item,  a  side  of  fresh  samonde     -  8 

Item,  a  conger                -              -  1 1 

Item,  two  brites             -             -  6* 

Item,  a  dozen  of  flownders        -  2 

Item,  vii  sooles               -             -  5 

Item,  halfe  a  dozen  rochetes      -  2 

Item,  for  butter            "-              -  6 

Item,  for  egges               -              -  2 

Item,  for  oringes            -  0 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  psly  0 

Item,  for  sallet  oile        -              -  0 

Item,  for  allisanders  and  flowers  0 

Item,  for  yest  -              -  0 


4  Item,    for   vineger,   vergis,   bar- 

6         beries,  and  musterd  - 

0  Item,  for  spices 

0  Item,  for  fruiete 

8  Item,  for  swete-water,  and  rose- 

6         water 

0  Item,  for  white  wine 

0  Item,  for  sacke 

0  Item,   for  stroinge   herbes,  and 

0         bowes  - 

4  Item,   for  fier  in   the  pier   and 
6*         kitchen         - 

0  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

0  Item,  for  boote  hier 

8  Item,    for  occupienge    of  plate, 

5  naprie,  and  other  necessaries 
4  Item,  for  a  capon 

4  Item,  for  3  chickins 

2  Item,  for  potagc 


2 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 


5 

0 

6 

0 

0 

S 

5 

0 

2 

4 

1 

4 

•0 

6 

Sfna  tts  cxv*.  W'ud. 


3^4 


DINNERS    IN    TRINITY   TERM,  1573- 


Folio. 
15 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lord  Chefe 
Baron,  with  others,  upon  the  28th  daie  of  Maie,  1573. 


Imprimis,  bread,  ale,  and  beare 

Item,  for  boild  byfe 

Item,  for  a  sorloine  and  a  doble 

ribb  of  rost  byfe 
Item,  for  4  jointes  of  veale 
Item,  for  4  grene  gese  - 
Item,  for  6  capons 
Item,  for  lam  be 
Item,  for  a  dozen  and  a  half  of 

pigeons  - 

Item,  for  a  dozen  of  chickins     - 
Item,  for  a  dozen  and  4  rabbits 
Item,  for  halfe  a  dozen  quales   - 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  egges 


s. 

d. 

13 

4 

5 

0 

9 

0 

6 

0 

5 

4 

14 

0 

5 

4 

4 

6 

5 

0 

4 

0 

6 

8 

4 

0 

1 

0 

Item,  for  vineger,  vergis,  bar- 
beries, and  musterd   - 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 
water 

Item,  for  sorill  and  psly 

Item,  for  white  wine 

Item,  for  flowers  and  stroing  herbes 

Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for  fier    - 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

Item,  for  occupienge  of  plate, 
naprie,  and  other  necessaries  - 


Folio. 
16 


Sm  tls  cxi*.  xd. 

A  Dinner  lor  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chefe 
Baron,  with  others,  upon  the  30th  daie  of  Maie,  1573. 


Imprimis,    bread,     beare,     and 

ale               -  13 

Item,  for  a  linge  and  a  halfe      -  4 

Item,  for  two  great  codds            -  5 

Item,  for  3  great  place                -  3 

Item,  for  two  pikes        -             -  6 

Item,  for  a  gurnard        -              -  2 

Item,  for  a  side  of  fresh  samond  8 

Item,  for  a  conger         -              -  10 

Item,  for  a  brite             -             -  3 

Item,  for  a  dozen  of  flownders  -  2 

Item,  for  3  paire  of  sooles          -  5 

Item,  for  rochetes           -              -  1 

Item,  for  crefishes          -  1 

Item,  for  butter              -             -  6 

Item,  for  egges               -            '  ■-  2 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  psly  0 

Item,  for  sallet  oile       -              -  0 


s.  d. 

1  4 

6  0 

1  b 

0  8 

0  6 

0  4 

0  6 


Item,  for  vineger,   vergis,    bar- 
4         beries,  and  musterd  - 

6  Item,  for  spices 

0  Item,  for  fruiete 

0  Item,  for  stroing  herbes  andflowers 

8  Item,  for  swete-water,  and  rose- 
6         water  - 

0  Item,  for  white  wine     - 

0  Item,  for  sacke 

0  Item,  for  yest  - 

0  Item,  fier  in  the  pier  and  kitchin 

0  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

8  Item,  for  boote  hier 

0  Item,   for  occupienge  of  plate, 
0         napry,  and  other  necessaries  - 

0  Item,  for  a  capon 

8  Item,  for  a  necke  of  motten 

4  Item,  for  4  pigions 


1 
5 


0 
0 


6     0 
1     4 

5     0 


2 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

8 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

6 

0 

0 

8 

5 

0 

2 

4 

1 

0 

1 

0 

Sma  tts  cvii*.  i'uid. 


DINNERS    IN   TRINITY   TERM,  1573- 


365 


Folio. 
17 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Chefe  Baron,  with  the  rest  of  the  Barons 
and  Officers,  upon  the  1st  daie  of  June,  15 73. 

d. 


and 


Imprimis,      bread,      ale, 

beare 

Item,  for  a  legg  of  veale 
Item,  for  a  brest  of  veale 
Item,  for  a  loine  of  motten 
Item,  for  a  capon 
Item,  for  a  quarter  of  lambe 
Item,    for   a    dish    of   chickins 

upon  sorill  soppes 


s. 

6 
1 
1 
1 

2 

1 


8 

4 
8 
8 
4 
4 


Item,  for  rabbi tes 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  fruiete 
Item,  for  a  quart  of  sacke 
Item,  for  tier     - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,   for  occupienge  of  plate, 
naprie,  and  other  necessaries  - 


Folio. 

18 


Sma  tts  xxxiis.  ix^. 

A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lord  Chefe 
Baron,  with  others,  upon  the  4th  daie  of  June,  15 73. 


Imprimis,  bread,  ale,  and  beare  -  13 

Item,  for  two  sorloines  of  byfe  -  10 

Item,  four  gese               -             -  7 

Item,  4  jointes  of  veale              -  6 

Item,  6  capons                -              -  13 

Item,  3  quarters  of  lambe         -  4 

Item,  a  dozen  of  chickins           -  5 

Item,  a  dozen  of  rabbites           -  4 

Item,  halfe  a  dozen  quales         -  6 

Item,  for  butter              -              -  4 

Item,  for  egges               -  1 
Item,   for  vineger,  vergis,  bar- 


beries, and  musterd  - 


4 
0 
0 

8 
8 
0 
0 
8 
8 
0 
0 

1     0 
Sina  tts  ci 


Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  fruiete 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 

water  ... 

Item,  for  scrill  and  psly 
Item,  for  white  wine     - 
Item,  for  flowers  and  stroingherbes 
Item,  for  sacke 
Item,  for  tier    - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,     for      occupienge     plate, 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries  - 
iii-s.  iiiie?. 


Folio. 
19 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Thesauror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lord 

Chefe  Baron,  and  the  rest  of  the  Barons  and  Officers, 

the  6th  daie  of  June,  15 73. 


Imprimis,  bread,  ale,  and  beare 
Item,  for  a  linge  and  a  halfe 
Item,  for  3  great  codds 
Item,  for  3  great  place  - 
Item,  for  two  pikes 
Item,  for  a  base 


13 

4 

5 

0 

7 

6 

3 

4 

6 

0 

2 

6 

Item,  for  a  side  of  fresh  samond 
Item,  for  a  conger 
Item,  for  a  great  turbut 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  flownders  - 
Item,  for  3  paire  of  sooles 
Item,  for  crefishes 


s. 

d. 

1 

4 

1 

4 

2 

6 

0 

4 

0 

6 

2 

6 

0 


5     0 


6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

0 

6 

0 

4 

0 

6 

1 

0 

5 

0 

6 

0 

1 

4 

5 

0 

9 

0 

10 

6 

4 

8 

2 

0 

5 

0 

1 

0 

$66 


DINNERS    IN    TRINITY   TERM,  1573. 


S.    d. 
Item,  for  butter  -  -     6     0 

Item,  for  egges  -  -20 

Item,  for  sallet,  herbes,  and  persly    0 
Item  for  sallet  oile         -  -     0 

Item    for    vineger,   vergis,    bar- 
beries, and  musterd, 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  fruiete 
Item,    for   stroinge   herbes    and 

flowers 
Item,  for  rose  water  and  swete 
water  - 


-     0     6 


Item,  for  white  wine 

Item,  for  sacke 

Item,  for  yest  - 

Item,  for  flier 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

Item,  for  occupienge  of 


8 
6 

2      0 

6     0     Item,  for  occupienge  of   plate, 

1      0         napry,  and  other  necessaries  - 


0 


Item,  for  a  capon 

Item,  for  a  necke  of  motten 

Item,  for  3  chickins 

Sina  tts     cxiis.  xd. 


s. 

d. 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

2 

5 

0 

6 

0 

1 

4 

5 

0 

2 

4 

1 

0 

1 

6 

Folio. 

20  A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Chefe  Baron,  and  the  rest  of  the  Barons  and  Officers, 

upon  the  8  daie  of  June,  15  73. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,  and 

beare  -  -  10  0 
Item,  for  a  great  sorloine  of  byfe  6  4 
Item,  for  3  jointes  of  veale  -  4  8 
Item,  for  two  gese  -  -  3  ° 
Item  for  3  capons  -  -  6  10 
Item,  for  halfe  a  lambe  2  4 
Item,  for  7  chickins  -  -30 
Item,  for  4  rabbetes  -  r  1  4 
Item,  for  butter  -  -  3  ° 
Item,  for  egges  -  0  8 
Item,  for  vineger,  verges,  bar- 
beries, and  musterd  -  -     0  8 

Sma  tts 


Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  fruiete 
Item,  for  rose-water,  and  sweete- 

water  - 

Item,  for  sorill,  and  pslye 
Item,  for  white  wine     - 
Item  for  sacke 
Item,  for  stroing  herbes 
Item,  for  flier  - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,  for  occupienge   of   plate, 

naprie,  and  other  necessaries 
lxiii*.  \\d. 


5 

0 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

2 

0 

4 

1 

0 

0 

2 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

8 

0 


Folio. 

21         Sma  tolis  expense  apud  septem  prand'  tent'  in  Scco  Dne  Rne  Termino  Ste 
Trinit'  hoc  Anno  150  Elizabethe  Rne  1573,  u*  pcellatim  antea 

^.xxxii.  vii*.  vid. 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS   TERM,  1573-  3^7 

DYNNERS,    1573- 

Folio. 

1  Termino  Ste  Michaelis,  Anno  15°  et  l6to  Riie  Eliz. 

A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Fanshaw  and  his  clarke,  upon  the  xxvth  day  of  June. 

s.  d.  s.  d. 

Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,  and  Item,  a  breaste  of  veale  -  2  0 

beare,            -             -             -     3  0  Item,  a  dyshe  of  chickins  l  6 

Item,  for  a  legge  of  motten       -     3  0  Item,    for    frute,    biskets,    and 

Item,   for   a  piece  of    powdrid  carowayes     -  -              -  0  8 

byeffe            -              -              -     1  6*  Sma  tis  x\s.  viiic?. 

A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Fanshawe  and  his  Clarke,  the  26th  daye  of  June. 

Imprimis,  for  breade,  ale,   and  Item,  fryed  soles            -  -  2  0 

beare             -              -              -  4  0  Item,  for  friede  fflownders  2  4 

Item,  for  butter             -              -  0  6  Item,  for  salrnonde        -  -  6  0 

Item,  for  sallets  and  egges         -  1  0  Item,    for    frute,    biskets,  and 

Item  for  2  dyshes  of  lynge        -  2  8          carowayes     -              -  -  0  8 

Item,  for  2  dyshes  of  butterde  Item,  for  wine                -  -  1  0 

egges             -              -  1  0  Item,  for  beare  in  the  mornynge, 

Item,  for  2  butterde  place          -  2  0         and  after  dynner        -  -  1  0 

Sma  xxiiiis.  'rid. 

A  Dinner  for  the  Clarke  of  Mr.  Fanshawes  office,  30th  day  of  June. 

Imprimis,  for  breade  and  beare     2     6     Item,  for  a  lambe-pye  -  -20 

Item,  for  a  legge  of  motten  1      6     Item,  for  a  cople  of  rabbits  -      1      0 

Item,  for  ii  peices  of  byeffe       -     3     0     Item,  for  wine  -  -     1     9 

Sina  xis.  ixd. 

Folio. 

2  A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Fanshawe  and  his  Clarke,  upon  the  firste  daye  of  Julye. 

Imprimis,  for  breade  and  beare  3  0  Item,  for  a  dish  of  chickens 

Item,  for  2  leggs  of  motten       -  3  0  Item,  for  a  cople  of  rabbits 

Item,  for  two  pieces  of  powdred  Item,  for  2  dyshes  of    butterd 

byeffe  -  -  -  3  0         peason  - 

Item,  for  a  breaste  and  a  loyne  Item,  for  wine 

of  veale        -  -  -  4  0  Sina  xviiif.  'ri'id. 


1 

6 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

9 

36S 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS   TERM,  1573* 


A  Dinner  for  the  Clarke  of  Mr.  Fanshawe's  office,  the  seconde  daye  of  Julye. 


Imprimis,  for  breade  and  beare 
Item,  for  a  legge  of  motten 
Item,  for  2  pieces  of  powdred 
byefe 


s. 

d. 

2 

6 

1 

6 

3     4 


Item,  for  a  breaste  of  veale 
Item,  for  a  cople  of  rabbits 
Item,  for  frute  and  stroberyes 
Item,  for  wine 


s. 

d. 

2 

0 

1 

0 

1 

2 

1 

10 

Sma  tts  xiii*.  Ad. 


Sma  tts  lxxixs.  v'\d. 


Folio. 
1       A  Dinner  for  my  Lorde  Chiefe  Baron,  the  Barons,  and  others  of  the 
Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the  14th  daye  of  October,  1573. 


Imprimis,   for  bread,   ale, 

and 

Item,  for  egges 

0 

4 

beare 

- 

6 

8 

Item,  for  sauce 

0 

4 

Item,  for  boylde  motten 

- 

1 

4 

Item,  for  frute 

1 

0 

Item,  for  a  netes  tonge 

- 

0 

10 

Item,  for  spies 

2 

8 

Item,  for  rosted  byeffe 

- 

2 

6 

Item,  for  swete-water    - 

0 

6 

Item,  for  a  pigge 

- 

2 

4 

Item,  for  a  gallon  of  claret  wine, 

Item,  for  a  capon 

- 

2 

4 

and  a  pottle  of  sacke 

2 

8 

Item,  for  a  cople  of  rabbits 

- 

1 

2 

Item,    for    tier    in    perler    and 

Item,  for  halfe  a  dozen  of  pig 

ions 

1 

0 

kitchin          - 

4 

0 

Item,  for  two  partridges 

- 

1 

8 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

3 

0 

Item,  for  three  ploveres 

- 

1 

6 

Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

Item,  for  butter 

- 

1 

8 

naperye,  and  other  necessaries 

5 

0 

Sma  xlii 

s.  \\d. 

Folio. 
2    A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Theasaurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  L.  Chefe  Baron, 
the  Barons,  and  Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the  23d  of  October,  1573. 


Imprimis,   for  breade,  ale,  and 

Item,  for  4  partridges   - 

3 

4 

beare             - 

16 

0 

Item,  for  4  plovers 

2 

0 

Item,  for  a  rande  of  brawne 

4 

0 

Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larkes 

3 

0 

Item,  for  marybone 

0 

8 

Item,  for  butter 

4 

0 

Item,  for  a  surloyne  and  a  double 

Item,  for  eggs  - 

1 

0 

rybbe  of  byefe 

6 

8 

Item,  for  sauce 

1 

0 

Item,  for  2  gese 

3 

8 

Item,  for  spies 

7 

0 

Item,   for   2  breastes,  a   loyne, 

Item,  for  frute 

1 

6 

and  a  legge  of  veale 

6 

8 

Item,  for  white  wyne   - 

0 

5 

Item,  for  sixe  capons     - 

13 

6 

Item,  for  a  pottel  of  muskeder, 

Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts 

3 

0 

and  3  quarts  of  sacke 

2 

10 

Item,  for  a  dozen  of  pigions  and 

Item,  for  rose-water,  and  swete- 

a  halfe           - 

3 

0 

water            - 

0 

8 

Item,  for  4  woodcocks 

4 

0 

Item,  for  strewinge  hearbes 

0 

4 

DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS    TERM,   1573- 


369 


Item,  for  strewinge  hearbes 
Item,  for  fier  in  peler  and  kitchen 
Item,  for  cookes  wages 


s.    d. 

0     4     Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
6     8  naperye,  and  other  necessaries 

6*     0     Item,  for  boote  hier 
Sm  cvi*.  x\d. 


s.    d. 

5     0 
1      0 


Folio. 
3 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lorde  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chefe 

Baron,  the  Barons  and  Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the 

28th  daye  of  October,   1573. 


Imprimis,   for  breade,  ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  a  rande  of  brawne 
Item,  for  a  surloyne  and  a  double 

rybbe  of  byefe 
Item,  for  2  gese 
Item,  for  four  jointes  of  veale 
Item,  for  sixe  capons    - 
Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts 
Item,  for  a  dozen  and  a  halfe  of 

pigions  - 

Item,  for  sixe  woodcocks 
Item,  for  4  partridges  - 
Item,  for  one  fessante    - 
Item,  for  4  snypes 
Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larkes 
Item,  for  mary bones     - 
Item,  for  butter 


15 

0 

5 

0 

7 

0 

3 

8 

7 

0 

13 

8 

3 

4 

3 

4 

5 

0 

3 

4 

4 

0 

1 

8 

2 

6 

0 

10 

4 

0 

am 


Item,  for  eggs 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  white  wyne     - 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  muskeder, 

a  pottle  of  sacke,  and  2  gallons 

of  claret  wyne 
Item,   for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water  - 

Item,  for  lemans 

Item,  for  strewing-hearbesand  psly 
Item,    for  fier   in   pearlers    and 

kitchin  - 

Item,  for  cookes  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperye,  and  other  necessaries 


1 

0 

1 

0 

7 

0 

1 

6 

0 

5 

5 

8 

0 

8 

0 

8 

0 

6 

6 

8 

6 

G 

1 

4 

5 

0 

a  cxvus. 


ixd. 


Folio. 
4 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lord  Treasuror,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lord  Chefe 

Barron,  the  Barrones  and  Offi ceres  of  the  Exchequer, 

upon  the  5th  daye  of  November,  15 73. 


Imprimis, for  breade,ale,  and  beare 

Item,  for  brawne 

Item,  for  a  surloine  and  a  double 

rybbe  of  byefe 
Item,  for  2  gese 
Item,  for  4  joyntes  of  veale 
Item,  for  five  capons 
Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  pigions 
Item,  for  sixe  woodcocks 
Item,  for  five  partridges 

vol.  1. 


16 

0 

4 

0 

8 

0 

3 

8 

7 

0 

13 

6 

3 

6 

3 

0 

»» 

D 

0 

4 

8 

3 

Item,  for  4  ploveres 

Item,  for  sixe  snypes 

Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larks 

Item,  2  teles     - 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  marebones 

Item,  for  spies 

Item,  for  fruete 

Item,  for  white  wyne     - 


2 

0 

2 

6 

3 

0 

1 

2 

4 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

7 

0 

1 

8 

0 

5 

370 


DINNERS    IN 


MICHAELMAS    TERM,  1573- 

s.  d. 

Item,forfierin  parleresand  kitchen 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 


Item,  for  a  pottle  of  muskedar,  a 

pottle  of  sacke,  and  2  gallons 

and  a  quarte  of  clarete 
Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water  - 

Item,  for  strewinge-hearbes,psly, 

and  sage        - 

Folio. 

A  Dinner  for  my  Lord  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  otheres  of  the 
Officers  of  Thexchequer,  upon  the  7th  daye  of  November,  1573. 


0     8 


0 


Item,  for  orenges  and  lemons     - 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,   for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
naperye,  and  other  necessaries 
Sin  Its  ^".vi. 


5 


for   breade,  ale,   and 


Imprimis 

beare 
Item,  for  sallet  roots 
Item,  for  sallet-oyle 
Item,  for  pottage 
Item,  for  a  lynge 
Item,  for  2  haddocks     - 
Item,  for  halfe  a  dozen  of  whitings 
Item,  for  two  pikes 
Item,  for  one  dorrye 
Item,  for  a  seabreme     - 
Item,  for  one  sole 
Item,  for  4  rochetts 
Item,  for  halfe  a  dozen  of  flownders 
Item,  for  half  a  dozen  of  smeltes 
Item,  for  2  dozen  of  crevyses     - 


Folio 
6 


10 

0 

0 

2 

0 

3 

0 

6 

3 

4 

3 

4 

2 

0 

5 

0 

2 

6 

2 

0 

1 

2 

2 

0 

1 

4 

1 

2 

0 

10 

ama 


Item,  for  shrimpes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs  - 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  spice 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  claret  wyne, 
and  3  quarts  of  sacke 

Item,  for  whyte  wyne  - 

Item,  for  swete-water,  and  rose- 
water  - 

Item, for  tier  in  parler  and  kitchin 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

Item,  for  boote  hier 

Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
naprye,  and  other  necessaries 
lxviis. 


A  Dinner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others  of  the 
Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the  10th  daye  of  November,  1573. 

Imprimis, for  breade,ale,  and  beare  10     0     Item,  for  eggs 


Item,  for  a  double  ry  bbe  of  byefe  4  0 

Item,  for  a  legge  of  motten  1  6* 
Item,  for  a  loyne  and   a  breaste 

of  veale         -             -             -  3  8 

Item,  for  a  gose             *             -  1  8 

Item,  for  3  capons         -              -  7  0 

Item,  for  2  cople  of  rabbyts  2  4 

Item,  for  4  woodcocks  -             -  3  4 

Item,  for  2  partridges    -              -  1  8 

Item,  for  2  dozen  of  larkes        -  2  0 

Item,  for  marybones      -             -  0  8 

Item,  for  butter                            -  2  7 


s.  d. 

6  8 

6  0 

0  8 

1  4 

5  0 


0 

6 

4 

0 

1 

0 

1 

3 

5 

0 

1 

0 

2 

4 

0 

5 

0 

6 

5 

0 

4 

0 

1 

4 

0 


Sma  fts  lxvis.  \\\\d. 


Item,  for  sauce 
Item,  for  spices 
Item,  for  frute 

Item,for  rose- water  and  swete-water 
Item,  for  persley 
Item,  for  wyne  in  kitchen 
Item,  for  sacke  and  claret  wyne 
Item,  for  tier  in  perler  and  kitchen 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
naperie,  and  other  necessaries 


0 

8 

0 

8 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

3 

3 

6 

5 

0 

4 

0 

0 

8 

0 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS    TERM,   1573- 


371 


Folio. 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others  of  the 
Officers  of  the  Thexchequer,  upon  the  11th  daye  of  November,  1573- 


s. 


d. 


Imprimis,   for  breade,  ale,  and 

beare  -  -  -   10 

Item,  for  a  double  rybbeof  byefFe     4 
Item,  for  a  legge  of  motto         -     1 
Item ,  for  a  loy  ne  and  breaste  of  veale  3 
Item,  for  a  gose 
Item,  for  3  capons 
Item,  for  2  cople  of  rabbyts 
Item,  for  4  woodcocks  - 
Item,  for  4  partridges    - 
Item,  for  marybones 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs  - 
Item,  for  sauce 


Item,  for  spice 

0  Item,  for  fruete 

0  Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

6  water            - 

S  Item,  for  persley 

8  Item,  for  wyne  in  the  kitchen   - 

8  Item,  for  a  gallon  of  claret,  and 

8  a  pottle  of  sacke 

4  Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parler  and 

4  kytchin         - 

8  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

8  Item,  for  boote  hyer 

0  Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

8  naperye,  and  other  necessaries 

Sma  tts  lxvi.v. 


1 

6 
2 

3 
3 
0 
2 
1 
0 


Folio. 

8 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chefe 

Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  Officers  of  Thexchequer, 

upon  the  12th  daye  of  November,  15 73. 


Imprimis,   for   breade,  ale,  and 

beare             -              -  16  0 

Item,  for  brawne           -              -  4  0 
Item,  for  a  surloine  and  a  doub- 

ble  rybbe  of  byefFe   -             -  8  0 

Item,  for  2  gese              -              -  4  0 

Item,  for  4  joints  of  veale          -  7  0 

Item,  for  six  capons      -              -  14  0 

Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts      -  4  0 

Item,  for  adozenanddiof  pigions  3  4 

Item,  for  seven  woodcocks          -  5  10 

Item,  for  sixe  partridges             -  5  0 

Item,  for  2  teles             -              -  1  2 

Item,  for  4  ploveres       -              -  2  0 

Item,  for  a  dozen  of  snypes       -  4  0 

Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larkes         -  3  0 

Item,  for  butter              -              -  4  0 

Item,  for  eggs  -              -  10 


s. 

d. 

5 

0 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

3 

0 

5 

4 

0 

0 

8 

Sma  g£.\\.  mis. 


Item,  for  sauce  -  -     1 

Item,  for  marybones      -  -     1 

Item,  for  spice  -  7 

Item,  for  fruete  -  1 

Item, for  white  wyne  in  the  kytchen  5 
Item,  for  a  pottle  of  muskeder, 

a  pottle  of  sacke,  2  gallons  et 

di  of  claret  wyne 
Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water 
Item,  for  strewinge  hearbes,  and 

persleye        - 
Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parlers  and 

kytchen        - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hyer     - 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperye,  and  other  necessaries 


0 


0 
0 
0 

8 
0 


6     6 


-     0     8 


6 

8 

6 

0 

1 

4 

0 


372 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS   TERM,  1573- 


Folio. 

9 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others  of 
the  Officers,  upon  the  l6th  daye  of  November. 


Imprimis,   for  breade,  ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  boyled  motto 
Item,  for  2  netes  tongs 
Item,  for  a  loyne  of  veale 
Item,  for  2  capons 
Item,  for  2  cople  of  rabbyts 
Item,  for  two  woodcocks 
Items,  for  2  chickens    - 
Items,  for  a  dozen  of  larks 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs 
Item,  for  sauce 


s.  d. 


8 
2 
1 
2 
4 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 


0 
0 

8 

0 

8 
8 
8 
o 

0 

8 
6 
6 


Sma  xlvs.  \xd. 


Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  claret  wyne, 

and  a  pottle  of  sacke 
Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kitchen 
Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water  - 

Item,  for  strewinge-hearbes 
Item,    for   fyer    in    parler    and 

kitchen  - 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperye,  and  other  necessaries 


s. 

d. 

3 

4 

l 

0 

l 

10 

0 

3 

0 

6 

0 

2 

3 

4 

3 

0 

0 


Folio. 

10 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chefe 
Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  Officers  of  Thexchequer, 
upon  the  lpth  day  of  November,  15 73. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  brawne 
Item,  for  a  sorloyne,  and  a  doub- 

ble  rybbe  of  byfe 
Item,  for  one  gose 
Item,  for  3  joynts  of  veale 
Item,  five  capons 
Item,  3  cople  of  rabbyts 
Item,  one  dozen  of  pigions 
Item,  for  sixe  woodcocks 
Item,  for  2  partridges  - 
Item,  for  4  teles 
Item,  for  3  ploveres 
Item,  for  sixe  snypes     - 
Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larks 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs 


\6 

0 

4 

0 

7 

4 

1 

10 

5 

0 

11 

4 

4 

0 

2 

0 

5 

0 

1 

8 

2 

0 

1 

8 

2 

0 

3 

0 

4 

0 

1 

0 

emu 


Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  mary bones 

Item,  for  spice 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  wyne  in  kitchen 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  muskeder, 

a  pottle  of  sacke,  and  2  gallons 

and  3  quarts  of  claret  wyne  - 
Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water  - 

Item,  for  strewinge-hearbes  and 

persley  - 

Item,  for  fyer  in   parleres  and 

kitchen  - 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hyer 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperie,  and  other  necessaries 

CXS". 


1 

0 

1 

0 

7 
1 

0 

8 

0 

5 

6  11 


0     6 


6 
6 
1 


8 
0 

4 


5    0 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS   TERM,  1573- 


373 


Foli 
11 


io. 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others  of  the 
Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the  25th  day  of  November. 


Imprim  is, for  breade,  ale,  and  beare 

Item,  for  byeffe 

Item,  for  3  joyntes  of  veale 

Item,  for  3  capons 

Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts 

Item,  for  4  partridges  - 

Item,  for  4  snypes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs  -  - 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  spice 


s.  d. 

10  0  Item,  for  frute 

1  4  Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 
5  0  water 

f  0  Item,  for  wyne  in  the  kitchen   - 

2  8  Item,  for  a  pottle  of  claret  wyne, 
4  0  and  a  pottle  of  sacke 

1  8  Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parler  and 

2  6  kytchen 

0  8  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

0  6*  Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

4  0  naperye,  and  other  necessaries 
Sfha  lvi-s.  v'rid. 


s. 

d. 

1 

0 

0 

6 

0 

3 

1    10 


5 

4 


0 
0 

0 


Folio. 
12 


A  Dynner  for  my  L.  Treasurer,  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  L.  Chefe 
Barron,  the  Barrons,  the  Officers  of  Thexchequer, 
upon  the  26th  daye  of  November,  1573. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,    ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  brawne 
Item,  for  a  surloyne  and  a  doub- 

ble  rybbe  of  byefe     - 
Item,  for  one  gose 
Item,  for  3  joints  of  veale 
Item,  for  five  capons     - 
Item,  for  3  cople  of  rabbyts 
Ittm,  sixe  woodcocks    - 
Item,  for  4  teles 
Item,  for  4  partridges   - 
Item,  for  sixe  ploveres  - 
Item,  for  sixe  snypes     - 
Item,  for  3  dozen  of  larks 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs  - 
Item,  for  sauce 


Item,  for  marybones 
16*     0     Item,  for  spice 

4  0     Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  wyne  in  the  kitchen  - 
8  0  Item,  for  a  pottle  or  muskedar, 
2     0         a  pottle  of  sacke,  and  2  gallons 

5  0         of  claret  wyne 

1 1      0     Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

4  0  water  - 

5  0     Item,  for  strewinge-hearbes  and 

2  4         persley  - 

3  4     Item,  for  oringes  and  lemons     - 
3     0     Item,  for  fyer  in  the  perler  and 

2  6  kytchen         - 

3  0     Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

4  0     Item,  for  boote  hier 

1     0     Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
1     0         naperie,  and  other  necessaries 
Siria  cx'is.  \xd. 


1 

0 

7 
1 

0 

8 

0 

5 

5     8 

0     8 


0 

6 

0 

8 

6* 

8 

6 

0 

1 

4 

0 


374 


DINNERS    IN    MICHAELMAS   TERM,   1573- 


Folio.      A  Dynner  for  Mr.  Barron  Birchie,  Mr.  Barron  Lorde,  and  others 
13     the  Officers  of  the  Exchequer,  upon  the  30th  day  of  November,  15 73. 


s. 


d. 


for   bread,   ale,   and 
a   doubble   rybbe   of 


Imprimis, 

beare 
Item,    for 

byeffe 

Item,  for  a  loyne  of  veale 
Item,  for  2  capons 
Item,  for  a  copple  of  rabbits 
Item,  for  2  woodcocks  - 
Item,  for  4  ploveres 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  larks 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs  - 


6     8 


3 
1 

4 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
0 


4 
10 
8 
4 
8 
0 
0 
6 
4 


oma 


Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  spice 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  rose-water 

Item,  for  wyne  in  the  kytchen  - 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  sacke 

Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parler  and 

kytchen        - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  boote  hier 
Item,   for  occupyenge   of  plate, 

naperye,  and  other  necessaries 
iliis.  \d. 


s. 

d. 

4 

0 

3 

4 

0 

6 

0 

4 

0 

3 

1 

0 

3 

4 

3 

0 

0 

8 

0 


Sma  tlis  expens'  apud  13  prand'  in  Sccio  Dne  Rne  Termino  Miclis  hoc  Anno  15° 
et  16°  Elizabethe  Rne  1573,  ut  pcellatim  antea  patet  ^.liii.  xxiis. 


Folio. 


Dynns   1573- 
Termino  Ste  Hill'  Ano  16°  Dne  Rne  Elizabethe. 

Dynner  for  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  L.  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others 
the  Officers  of  Thexchequere,  upon  the  28th  of  Januarie,  1573. 

Item,  for  butter 


Imprimis,  for  breade,  and  ale, 
beare  - 

Item,  for  brawne 

Item,  for  a  surloine  and  a  doub- 
ble rybbe  of  byeffe    - 

Item,  for  a  loyne  and  a  breaste 
of  veale  - 

Item,  for  4  capons  and  a  henn  - 

Item,  for  a  lambe 

Item,  for  2  cople  of  rabbits 

Item,  for  4  teles 

Item,  for  two  partridges 

Item,  for  five  woodcocks 

Item,  for  3  ploveres      t 

Item,  for  two  dozen  of  larkes    - 

Item,  for  marybones 

Item,  for  bacon 


13 

3 


4 
4 


7     8 


4 

0 

10 

6 

0 

0 

2 

8 

2 

0 

2 

0 

4 

2 

1 

9 

2 

8 

1 

0 

1 

0 

Item,  for  eggs  - 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  a  pottle  of  muskedar, 

a  pottel  and  a  quarte  of  sacke 
Item,    for    white  wyne    in    the 

kitchen         - 
Item,for  rose-water  and  swete- water  0 
Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parleres  and 

the  kitchen 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,   for   occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperie,  and  other  necessaries 
Item,  for  boote  hier 


4 

0 

1 

6 

1 

8 

0 

8 

6 

0 

1 

4 

2    10 


0 

6 

0 

8 

6 

0 

4 

0 

5 

0 

1 

0 

Sma  ^.iiii.  xvs.  iiic?. 


DINNERS    IN    HILARY    TERM,   1573-4- 


375 


Folio. 

2     Die  Veneris. 


A  Dynner  for  Mr.  Baron  Frewell,  Mr.  Barron  Lorde, 
and  others,  upon  the  2Qth  of  January. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,  ale, 

beare 
Item,  for  a  linge 
Item,  for  hearings 
Item,  for  haddocks 
Item,  for  whitings 
Item,  for  rochetts 
Item,  for  smelts 
Item,  for  a  pigine-pye 
Item,  for  eggs 
Item,  for  butter 


and 


d. 


6 

8 

2 

6 

0 

8 

2 

4 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

8 

1 

0 

1 

0 

2 

6 

Item,  for  sauce 

Item,  for  orenges 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  a  quarte  of  sacke 

Item,  for  swete-water    - 

Item,    for   fyer    in    parler    and 

kytchin        - 
Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperie,  and  other  necessaryes 


s. 

d. 

0 

4 

0 

2 

2 

6 

0 

8 

0 

6 

0 

4 

3 

0 

2 

0 

5 

0 

Sma  xxxiiiis.  xd. 


Folio. 


A  Dynner  for  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and  others  the 
Officers  of  Thexchequer,  upon  the  firste  daye  of  February. 


I  mprimis,  for  breade,  ale,  and  beare  1 0 

Item,  for  pottage 

Item,  for  a  lynge 

Item,  for  whitings 

Item,  for  a  codde 

Item,  for  a  haddock 

Item,  for  two  gurnards 

Item,  for  two  pykes 

Item,  for  rochetts 

Item,  for  fresh  salmon 

Item,  for  one  burte 

Item,  for  smelte 

Item,  for  shrimpes 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs 


0 
4 
1 
2 
1 
4 
5 
2 

5 

3 
1 
o 

4 
0 


mia 


0  Item,  for  sauce 

6  Item,  for  oringes 

0  Item,  for  spices 

6  Item,  for  frute 

6  Item,  for  a  pottle  and  a  pinte  of 

4         sacke  - 

0  Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kitchen 

0  Item,  for  swete-water  and  rose-water  0 

0  Item,  for  fier  in  perler  and  ky tchen  5 

0  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

0  Item,  for  sallet  hearbes 

4  Item,  for  sallet  oyle 

4  Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

6         naperye,  and  other  necessaries 

8  Item,  for  boote  hyer 

Ixxiis.  ii'id. 


1 

0 

0 

4 

6 

0 

l 

4 

l 

3 

0 

6 

0 

6 

5 

0 

4 

0 

0 

8 

0 

4 

5 

0 

0 

8 

376 


DINNERS    IN    HILARY   TERM,   1573. 


Folio. 


4  A  Dynner  for  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Cheife  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and 
others  the  Officers  of  Thexchequere,  upon  the  thirde  daye  of  February. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  a  surloine  of  bveffe     - 
Item,  for  a  loyne  of  veale 
Item,  for  two  capons     - 
Item,  for  halfe  a  lambe 
Item,  two  partridges     - 
Item,  for  two  woodcocks 
Item,  iii  ploveres 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs 
Item,  for  marybones     - 
Item,  for  bacon 
Item,  for  sauce 


s.  d. 

10  0 

5  0 

2  2 

4  8 

2  4 

2  0 

2  0 

2  0 

2  6 

1  0 

o  8 

o  8 

o  6 

Sma  \vs.  \\d. 


Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 

Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kitchen 

Item,  for  a  pottle  and  pynte  of 

sacke  - 

Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 

water  - 

Item,    for    fyer    in    perler    and 

kitchen  - 

Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 

naperie,  and  other  necessaries 
Item,  for  boote  hier 


s. 

d. 

0 

4 

2 

4 

0- 

8 

0 

3 

1 

3 

0 

6 

5 

0 

3 

0 

5 

0 

0 

8 

Folio. 

5     A  Dynner  for  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chiefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and 
others  the  Officers  of  Thexchequer,  upon  the  4th  of  February,  1573. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,   and 
beare  -  -  -   13 

Item,  for  a  surloyne,  and  a  doubble 
rybbe  of  byeflfe 

Item,   for  a  loyne  and  legge  of 
veale  - 

Item,  for  thre  capons     - 

Item,  for  a  lambe 

Item,  for  two  teles 

Item,  for  two  partridges 

Item,  for  iiii  woodcocks 

Item,  for  iii  ploveres 

Item,  for  butter 

Item,  for  eggs  ... 


Item,  for  sauce 


•  3 

•  7 

•  5 
1 

■  2 

■  4 

■  2 

■  3 
1 

-     0 

ama 


Item,  for  oringes 

Item,  for  marybones 

Item,  for  bacon 
8      0     Item,  for  spices 

Item,  for  frute 
6*     Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kytchen 
0     Item,  for  a  pottle  of  sacke 
0     Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 
4  water  - 

0     Item,    for    fyer    in    perler    and 
0         kytchen         - 
0     Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
6     Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
6*         naperie,  and  other  necessaries 
6     Item,  for  boote  hyer 


0 

8 

1 

0 

1 

0 

6 

0 

1 

4 

0 

6' 

1 

0 

0     6 


6 

0 

4 

0 

5 
0 

0 

8 

Ixxixs.  iiiic?. 


DINNERS    IN    HILARY    TERM,  1573-4- 


377 


Fol 


10. 


6     A  Dynner  for  Mr.  Cbanceler,  my  Lorde  Cheife  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and 
others  the  Officers  of  Thexchequere,  upon  the  Oth  daye  of  February e. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,   ale,  and 

beare  - 

Item,  for  a  surloyne  of  byeffe    - 
Item,  for  a  loyne  of  veale 
Item,  for  two  capones  - 
Item,  for  halfe  a  lambe 
Item,  for  two  partridges 
Item,  for  two  woodcocks 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  snypes 
Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs 
Item,  for  sauce 
Item,  for  oringes 


s. 

10 

5 
2 

4 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
1 
0 
0 
bma 


d. 

Item,  for  marybones 

0  Item,  for  bacon 

0  Item,  for  spices 

2  Item,  for  frute 

8  Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kytchen 

6  Item,  for  a  pottle  of  sacke 

4  Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 
0         water  - 

6  Item,forfyerin  parler  and  kytchen 

6  Item,  for  cooke's  wages 

0  Item,   for  occupy enge  of  plate, 
6         naperie,  and  other  necessaryes 

4  Item,  for  boote  hier 
his.  ixd. 


s. 

d. 

0 

8 

0 

6 

3 

4 

l 

4 

0 

3 

1 

0 

0 

6 

5 

0 

3 

0 

5 

0 

0 

8 

Folio. 


A  Dinner  for  Mr.  Chanceler,  my  Lorde  Chefe  Barron,  the  Barrons,  and 
others  the  Officers  of  Thexchequer,  upon  the  11th  daye  of  Februarye. 


Imprimis,  for  breade,  ale,  and 

beare 
Item,  for  a  surloyne  andadoubble 

rybbe  of  byeffe 
Item,  for  a  loyne,  a  breaste,  and 

a  legge  of  veale 
Item,  for  iii  capons 
Item,  for  a  lambe 
Item,  for  two  teles 
Item,  for  two  woodcocks 
Item,  for  iii  plovs 
Item,  for  five  snipes 
Item,  for  a  dozen  of  larkes 


Item,  for  butter 
Item,  for  eggs 
Item,  for  sauce 


Item,  for  oringes 
-13     4     Item,  for  marybones     - 

Item,  for  bacon 
8     0     Item,  for  spice 

Item,  for  frute 
6     Item,  for  white  wyne  in  kytchen 
0     Item,  for  a  pottle  and  a  quarte 
0         of  sacke        - 
4     Item,  for  rose-water  and  swete- 
0         water  - 

0     Item,  for  fyer  in  the  parlers  and 
2         kytchen        - 
6     Item,  for  cooke's  wages 
4     Item,  for  occupyenge  of  plate, 
6         naperie,  and  other  necessaryes 
8     Item,  for  boote  hier 


5 

7 
5 
1 
2 
2 
2 
1 

3 
1 

o 

bma 


0 

8 

1 

0 

1 

0 

6 

0 

l 

4 

0 

6 

6 


o     6 


6 

0 

4 

0 

5 

0 

0 

8 

mil.  xviii-s. 


Sfha  tolis  expens'  apud  vii  prand'  in  Sccio  Dne  Rfie  Termino  Ste  Hillar    hoc 
Anno  xvi°  Elizabethe  Rfie  1573,  ut  pcellatim  antea  ^.xxiii.  xvs.  \d. 

vol.  i.  3  c 


378  GIFTS    PRESENTED    IN    PROGRESS-TIME,  1573. 

Sundry  parcelles  of  golde  and  silver  plate,  received  owte  of  the  Privie  Chamber, 
by  thands  of  the  gromes  theare,  the  8th  of  January,  anno  xvi°  Reginae 
Elizabethae,  1573-4,  as  followeth  : 

First,  oone  bolle  of  golde  with  a  cover,  being  plaine,  a  lion  standing  in  the  top 
crowned,  holding  the  Queen's  armes.  Geven  to  her  Majestie  by  Mr.  Fisher  at  his 
house  in  Kent  [in  1 573],  anno  xv°  D'nae  Reginae,  xvi  oz.  qa. 

Item,  oone  Venetian  cup  of  golde  with  a  cover,  with  long  bullions  of  golde,  a 
pinacle  in  the  toppe  of  the  cover.  Geven  by  the  Lorde  Keeper1  in  Progress-tyme, 
anno  pd',  xvn  oz.  in  qa. 

Item,  one  other  like  cup  of  golde,  being  plaine,  with  a  cover  having  a  ring  in 
the  top.     Geven  by  the  Lord  Cobham  in  Progress-tyme,  anno  pd'.  xxm  oz. 

Item,  oone  cup  of  assaye  of  golde.  Geven  also  by  the  said  Lord  Cobham  at 
the  same  time,  vn  oz.  di. 

Item,  oone  other  cup  of  golde  with  a  cover,  having  a  man  in  the  top,  holding 
with  one  hande  a  scutcheon,  and  in  the  other  hand  a  flower.  Geven  by  the 
Townesmen  of  Sandwich  in  Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  xxxn  oz. 

Item,  oone  cup  of  golde  with  flowers  allome  enameled,  and  a  cord  of  golde 
likewise  enameled,  having  the  arms  of  Sinkports.  Geven  by  the  men  of  Dover 
in  Progress-tyme,  anno  pd',  xx  oz. 

Item,  oone  sault  of  agth  garnished  with  golde,  with  a  cover,  having  in  the  top 
a  gallie,  in  the  middell  thereof  is  a  lozanged  diamonde.  Geven  by  tharchbishop 
of  Caunterburie  in  Progress,  anno  praed',  xi  oz.  qa. 

Item,  oone  basone  and  ewer  of  silver  and  guilt,  embossed  about  the  bushell,  and 
ryme  embossed  with  bellows,  fire-shovel],  and  tonges.  Geven  by  Mr.  Sandes  in 
Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  cxxxvin  oz. 

Item,  three  bolles  with  a  cover  of  silver  and  guilt,  chased  in  the  bottomes  with 
antiquaries  and  fishes  ;  and  in  the  top  of  the  cover  is  the  Queen's  armes  supported 
by  her  Majesties  beasts.  Geven  by  Mr.  Tufton  in  Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  ex  oz. 

Item,  oone  standynge  cup,  the  bodie  chamte  and  cover  partli  christall,  gar- 
nished with  silver  and  guilt ;  in  the  top  of  the  cover  is  a  lion  holding  the  Queen's 
armes.     Geven  by  Sir  John  Baker  in  Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  cxvn  oz. 

Item,  oone  cup,  the  bodee  christall,  garnished  with  silver  and  guilt,  with  a  cover; 
in  the  top  thearof  a  tuft  of  flowers.  Geven  by  Mr.  Culpeper  in  Progress-tyme, 
anno  praed',  xlvi  oz. 

Item,  oine  bolle  of  silver  and  guilt,  with  a  cover ;  in  the  top  therof  the  Queen's 
armes  crowned,  supported  by  her  Graces  beasts.  Geven  by  Mr.  Guildford  in 
Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  lv  oz. 

Item,  oone  cup  of  silver  and  guilt,  with  plates  enamiled,  with  the  armes  of 
Sinckepotts,  and  a  like  cover  ;  in  the  top  therof  a  lion  holding  the  Queen's  armes. 

1  By  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  whom  the  Queen  had  visited  at  Gorhambury  ;  see  p.  296. 


GIFTS    PRESENTED    IN    PROGRESS-TIME,    1573   AND    1574-  379 

Geven    by    her  Townsemen    of   Crambroucke    in    Progress-tyme,    anno    preed.' 
lxviii  oz 

Item,  oone  double  Almaine  cup  of  silver  and  guilt.  Geven  by  the  Townsemen 
of  Faversham  in  Progress-tyme,  anno  praed',  xlviii  oz. 

Item,  oone  tankerde  of  allablaster,  garnished  with  silver,  and  guilt ;  in  the  top 
of  the  cover  is  a  woman's  hedde.     Geven  by  the  Lady  Cobham,  xvm  oz.  qa. 

Item,  oone  jug  of  chrystall  garnished  with  silver,  and  guilt,  divers  plates  ena- 
meled with  birdes,  having  christal  in  the  top,  and  a  hoop  about  it.  Geven  by  .the 
Lorde  Burghley,  Lorde  Threasuruer,  xxxiv  oz. 

Item,  oine  tankerd  of  silver  and  guilt,  with  laires  and  a  like  cover.  Geven  by 
the  Lady  Frogmortun,  xxm  oz. 


c  f  Gold,  cxxvn  oz.  in  qa. 

oumma,     <  Ci  r  \ 

7     I  silver,  viclvi  oz.  in  qa. 


Juells  given  to  her  Majestie  in  Progress-time  [1574]|,  anno  regni  sui  16°. 

First,  one  juell  of  golde  garnished  with  dyamondes  and  rubyes  and  fyve  perles 
pendante,  one  bigger  than  the  rest.  Geven  to  her  Majestie  by  Sir  Edward  Umpton, 
Knight.  The  same  delivered  to  Mr.  Secretary  fValsingham  by  her  Majestie's 
commaundement. 

Item,  a  fawconne  or  parrot,  the  body  christall,  the  hedd,  tayle,  leggs,  and  brest 
of  golde  ;  fully  garnished  with  sparcks  of  rubyes  and  emerauldes,  hanging  by  a 
very  short  and  smale  cheyne  of  golde.     Geven  by  the  old  Ladye  Shandowes. 

Item,  a  juell  conteyning  divers  rubyes  and  dyamondes,  whearin  is  a  phenex  and 
a  salamaundre  of  agathe.     Geven  by  Sir  John  Younge,  Knight. 

Item,  a  fauconne  preying  upon  a  fowle,  with  a  greate  emeralde  in  her  brest, 
and  a  perle  pendaunte,  with  dyvers  sparcks  of  dyamonds  and  rubyes  upon  the 
wings  and  brest.     Geven  by  Sir  John  Thyn. 

Item,  a  dolphin  of  mother-of- perle,  garnished  with  golde  having  a  man  upon  his 
backe,  garnished  with  dyvers  sparcks  of  dyamonds  and  rubyes,  hanging  by  two 
shorte  cheines  of  golde  and  a  cluster  of  ragged  pearles  pendante.  Geven  by  Sir 
Henry  Charington,  Knight. 

Item,  an  egle  of  golde  enamuled  greene,  garnished  with  dyvers  dyamondes  and 
rubyes,  hanging  at  three  short  cheynes  of  golde,  garnished  with  smale  sparcks  of 
dyamondes,  and  three  dyamondes  pendaunte.     Geven  by  therle  of  Penbroke. 

Item,  a  mearemayde  of  golde,  having  a  mayde  upon  her  backe,  garnished  with 
sparcks  of  dyamonds,  with  three  shorte  cheynes  sett  with  sparcks  of  dyamonds 
and  rubyes,  with  a  dyamonde  pendaunte ;  and  little  raged  perles  also.  Geven  by 
the  Counteys  of  Penbroke  the  younger. 


380  new  year's  gifts  presented  to  the  auEEN,  1573-4. 


New-yere's  Gifts  charged  upon  Ladye  Howab.de,  15/3 -4. 

Firste,  one  payre  of  braceletts  of  pomander  and  agathe  hedds,  being  in  number 
12  peeces,  with  a  case;  all  together,  3  qa  of  an  ounce  and  dim.  Geven  by  the 
Lady  Mary  Graye. 

Item,  a  fanne  of  white  fethers,  sett  in  a  handell  of  golde ;  the  one  side  thearpf 
garnished  with  two  very  fayre  emeraldes,  especially  one,  and  fully  garnished  with 
dyamondes  and  rubyes,  and  the  backesyde  and  handle  of  lyke  golde,  garnished 
with  dyamondes  and  rubyes,  and  on  each  syde  a  white  beare  and  twoe  perles 
hanging,  a  lyon  ramping  with  a  white  moseled  beare  at  his  foote.  Geven  by 
therle  of  Lecetor ;  weying  all  together  16  oz. 

Item,  five  dosen  of  buttons  of  golde  made  crowne  fassion,  with  flowers  in  them, 
and  every  of  them  a  perle  in  the  toppe.     Geven  by  therle  of  Warwicke. 

Item,  one  juell  of  golde,  containing  dyvers  kindes  of  stones,  as  rubyes,  eme- 
raldes, and  dyamondes,  with  a  pendante  saphire  and  two  smale  pendante  perles, 
the  story  being  nepthew.  The  backeside  is  a  blewe  christall,  under  it  certayne 
verses,  every  of  them  beginning  with  the  letters  e.l.i.z.a.b.e.t.h.  Geven  by 
therle  of  Ormonde ;  all  weying  5  oz. 

Item,  one  litle  lilly  potte  of  agathe,  being  a  juell  garnished  with  golde  ena- 
muled,  and  flowers  with  garnets,  and  two  smale  sparcks  of  ophall,  and  other  smale 
stones.     Geven  by  the  old  Counties  of  Darbye ;  all  together  1  oz.  dim. 

Item,  a  paire  of  braceletts  of  agathe,  and  smale  perles  by  twoos.  Geven  by  the 
Lady  Pagett. 

Item,  a  fayre  gyrdle  of  pomaunder,  and  seede  perle  garnets  and  pomaunders. 
Geven  by  the  Countyes  of  Warwicke ;  weying  together  5  oz.  3  qa. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  dyall,  and  a  pellyeane  with  three  byrds,  sett  in  golde  with 
an  emeralde,  smale  rubyes  and  dyamondes  being  broken.  Geven  by  the  Lady 
Woodhouse ;  weying  1  oz. 

Item,  a  juell  of  golde,  being  a  white  hinde,  the  body  of  mother-of-perle.  Geven 
by  the  Lady  Cheake,  1  oz.  dim  qa. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  cristall  garnished  with  golde  ;  Adame  and  Eve  enamuled 
white,  and  a  cristole  pendante,  garnished  with  golde,  and  four  smale  perles  pen- 
daunte.     Geven  by  Mrs.  Blaunche  Parrye,  broken,  2  oz.  dim.  qa. 

Item,  six  smale  tothe-picks  of  golde.  Geven  by  Mrs.  Snowe,  one  of  them  lost 
by  her  Majestie. 

Item,  a  fayre  juell  of  gold,  enamuled  with  dyvers  coulours,  garnished  and  furnished 
with  dyamondes,  rubyes,  emeraldes,  and  ophall,  with  a  smale  pendaunte  of  dya- 
mondes, and  the  shell  opall  like  a  rose.  In  the  midest  of  the  same  juell  are  two 
personages,  and  from  above  a  hande  holding  a  garlande,  2  oz.  3  qa.  dim.  id.  ofc. 


NEW    YEAR'S    GIFTS    PRESENTED   TO    THE    QUEEN,  1573"4«  38 1 

weight.     Also  nine  dosen  of  buttons,  of  sniale  seede  perle  and  garnetts,  lacking 
one  button  ;  the  stalkes  silver.     Geven  by  Mr.  Hatton,  Captaine  of  the  Garde. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  ram  me  of  agathe  with  a  stone  pendaunte  hanging  upon  a 
cheyne  of  golde,  the  same  sett  with  smale  dyamondes.  Geven  by  Mr.  Henage, 
Threasoror  of  the  Chamber. 

Item,  a  salamaunder  of  golde,  enamuled  blacke,  with  flowers  and  smale  perle 
pendaunte.   .  Geven  by  Mr.  Harington ;  weying  1  oz.  dim.  qa. 

Item,  a  ring  of  golde  with  xiii  smale  dyamonds.  Geven  by  Mr.  Lavyson 
Mynter.     The  same  juell  sent  by  her  Majestie  to  the  young  Ladye  Penbroke. 

Item,  a  white  beare  of  golde  and  mother-of-perle,  holding  a  ragged  staffe,  stand- 
ing upon  a  tonne  of  golde,  whearin  is  a  clocke,  the  same  tonne-staffe  garnished 
with  dyamondes  and  rubyes.  Geven  by  the  Ladye  Magaret  Counties  of  Darbye; 
clocke  and  all,  3  oz.  dim. 

[First,  xxviii  antiquities  of  silver,  three  of  golde,  and  six  of  brasse.  Geven 
by  Mr.  Clere. 

Item,  oone  grene  glasse,  partly  guilt,  with  a  cover,  in  a  case  of  red  lether. 
Geven  by  Marke  Anthony  Vwlan. 

Item,  oone  drinking  glasse  guilt,  withoute  a  cover,  with  the  Queen's  armes  in 
the  bottome,  in  a  case  of  printed  lether.     Geven  by  Ambrose*  Lupo  Vwlan7\ 


THE    QUEEN'S    PLATE    AND    JEWELS. 


The  following  List  of  "  the  Queen's  Plate  and  Jewels,"  signed  by  Lord 
Treasurer  Burghley,  Sir  Ralph  Sadleir  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster, 
and  Sir  Walter  Mild  may  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  ;  was  transcribed  from  the 
original  then  in  the  Library  of  Thomas  Astle,  Esq.  and  prefaced  by  the  following 
introduction  1 : 

"  This  Booke,  made  the  xinith  daye  of  Marche,  in  the  xvith  yeare  of  the  reigne 
of  our  Sovereigne  Lady  Elizabeth,  by  the  grace  of  God  Queene  of  Englande, 
Fraunce,  and  Irelande,  Defendour  of  the  Faith,  &c.  doth  particularly  conteign  all 
such  parcelles  of  the  Queens  Majesties  Jewelles,  plate,  and  other  stuff,  as  remaine 
the  said  daye  and  yere  in  the  custodie  and  charge  of  John  Asteley,  Esquire, 
Master  and  Threasurour  of  her  Highness  Juells  ;  the  greatest  parte  wherof  is  the 

1  Mr.  Astle  had  a  similar  list,  signed  by  Sir  Edward  Carye,  into  whose  custody  the  Jewels  were 
delivered  Aug.  1 1 ,  in  the  27th  year  of  the  Queen's  Reign.  Both  Lists  are  now,  probably,  in  the  Duke 
of  Buckingham's  Library  at  Stow. 


382  THE    GIUEEN'S    PLATE    AND    JEWELS. 

remaine  of  suche  juelles,  plate  and  other  stuff,  as  were  delivered  to  the  said  John 
Asteley  by  Mr.  Ambrose  Carie,  Sir  Richard  Sackvile,  Sir  John  Mason,  Knights, 
comissioners  of  our  saide  Soveraigne  Lady  the  Queene,  and  Sir  Walter  Mildmay, 
Knight,  comissioners  appointed  by  her  said  Majestic  by  vertue  and  authoritie  of  a 
comission  bering  date  the  xmith  daie  of  December,  in  the  first  yeare  of  our  said 
Soveraigne  Lady  the  Queene,  to  them,  three,  or  two  of  them,  in  that  behalf  directed ; 
the  residue  is  of  suche  juelles,  plate,  and  other  stuff,  as  are  come  to  thandes'of 
the  said  John  Asteley  after  the  making  and  finishing  of  the  bookes  of  remaine  of 
the  said  juelles,  plate,  and  other  stuff,  delivered  unto  him  by  the  said  comissioners 
as  is  aforesaid,  unto  the  daie  and  yere  abovesaide:  all  which  parcel  of  jueles, 
plate,  and  other  stuff,  are  delivered  to  the  said  John  Asteley,  to  her  Majesties  use, 
by  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  Knight,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seale  of  Englande,  Wiltm 
Lorde  Burghley  High  Threasurour  of  Englande,  Sir  Frauncis  Knowles,  Knight, 
Threasurour  of  her  Highness  Housholde,  Sir  Rauf  Sadleir,  Knight,  Chauncellor 
of  the  Duchey  of  Lancaster,  and  Sir  Waulter  Mildmay,  Knight,  Chauncellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  by  vertue  and  authoritie  of  a  Comission  under  the  Great  Seale 
of  Englande,  bearing  date  the  xxixth  daie  of  Marche,  in  the  xnth  yeare  of  her 
Majesties  reigne,  to  them,  foure,  or  three  of  them,  in  that  behaulf  directed,  and 
are  particularly  expressed  and  entered  in  two  bookes  ;  whereof  thone,  being  super- 
scribed upon  evy  written  page  with  thandes  of  three  of  the  said  Comissioners  at 
least,  doth  remaine  with  the  said  John  Asteley,  for  the  trewe  declaration  and 
certentee  of  his  chardge  in  the  premisses ;  and  thother  of  the  said  two  bookes, 
subscribed  upon  every  written  page  with  thande  of  the  said  John  Asteley,  doth 
remaine  with  the  Queen's  Majestie,  thereby  hereafter  to  chardge  the  saide  John 
Asteley  with  the  juelles,  plate,  and  other  stuff  before  mentioned ;  the  particularitees 
whereof  hereafter  be  at  lardge  declared  in  this  booke,  in  cxxxvin  leaves  written 
on  both  sides ;  that  is  to  saye." — Then  follow  the  particulars  (too  numerous  to  be 
here  transcribed)  under  these  several  titles. 
Juelles  of  golde.  Saultes  of  gold. 

Cuppes   and   bolles  of  golde,   set  with     Trenchers  of  gold. 

stone.  Spones  and  forkes  of  gold. 

Cuppes  of  christall  garnished  with  golde.     Basons,  ewers,  and  laiers  of  gold. 
Candlesticks  of  gold.  Glasses  garnished  with  gold. 

Gobletts  and  jugges  of  christalles,  gar-     Casting  bottelles,  garnished  with  gold. 

nished  with  gold.  Crosses  of  silver  guilt. 


THE    GIUEEN'S    PLATE    AND    JEWELS,   1573"4. 


383 


Bookes  l  garnished  with  silver  guilt.  Jugges  of  silver  guilt. 

A  guilte  founte  with  a  cover,  having  a     Tankardes  and  hans  pottes. 

guilte  cross  upon  the  toppe,  chased     Crosses  guilt. 

with  pomegranades,  the  foote  chased     Stone  jugges. 

with    antique    faces,    likewyse     the 

shancke   and    foote,    and    roses    and 

pomegranades   uppon    the  brymme; 


CCCnuVIII  oz. 
Uppon  the  brymme  it  is  written, 

MARIA   REGINA. 
TEMPORIS    FILIA    VERITAS. 

Church  plate,  vn«LVI1  oz«  m  °ia« 


ccxl  oz. 


M 


XiCCXVIII  oz. 


Miters,  six  in  number, 

Cuppes  of  silver  guilt, 

Cuppes  of  assaie. 

Bollesofsilverguilt,  vinmvicXLVi  oz.  qa 

Bolles  parcel  guilt  and  white. 

Pottes  of  silver  guilt. 

Pottes  of  silver  guilt  and  white. 

Flagons  guilt,  and  casting  bottles. 

Flagons,  parcel  guilt  and  white. 


Saultes. 

Basons  and  fountaines. 

Basons  and  laires. 

Basons  and  ewers. 

Ewers  guilt. 

Laires  guilt. 

Basons  and  ewers,  parcel  guilt. 

Chafing  dishes. 

Standing  trenchers. 

Knives. 

Guilt  vessels2. 

Vessell  partly  guilt. 

Vessell  parcel  guilt. 

White  vessell. 

Ky tchen  plate  3. 

Strayners. 

Perfume  paynes. 


Flagons   of   glasse  and   stone,   covered     Sundry  parcelles. 

with  velvat.     -  Certain  parcells  given  to  her  Majesty  at 

Spice  plates  guilt.  New-yeres-tide,  anno  regni  sui  xvi. 

Spice  boxes.  Plate   remaining  with  Valentine  Dale, 

Chaundellers.  Esquire,    Ambassadour   in    Fraunee, 

Spones.  and  being  parcell  of  the  charge  of  the 

Goblettes  and  glasses  guilt.  said  John  Asteley4. 

1  These  were  only  seven  in  number,  a  Bible,  a  Common  Prayer,  two  Gospel-books,  a  Book  of  the 
Epistles,  and  two  Prymers  on  parchmente  lymned  with  gold:  the  two  first  of  them  were  "  in  the 
vestry  at  the  Court ;"  and  the  next  three  "  defaced,  and  put  to  the  mynt." 

'  Among  which  are  "  chardgers,  platters,  dishes,  saucers,"  &c. 

3  Among  which  are  "  posset  pans,  boyling  pots,  porige  pots,  skillets  or  chasers,  posncts,  ladles, 
gridirons,  an  instrument  of  silver  to  rost  puddings  and  apples,  and  a  jack  of  iron  plated  with  sdver." 
Here  ends  the  inventory ;  but  the  List  contains  14  more  leaves,  descriptive  of  sundry  parcels 
received  into  the  said  accompt.  "  consisting  partly  of  plate  new  or  old  3"  partly  of  "  New-year's  Gifts." 


384  THE    Q.UEEN    ENTERTAINED    AT    LAMBETH    PALACE,  1573-4- 

1573-4. 

The  earliest  of  the  Queen's  Visits  in  this  year  was  to  Archbishop  Parker,  on 
the  second  of  March  ;  when,  after  quitting  Hampton  Court,  she  honoured  Lambeth 
Palace  with  her  presence,  and  was  most  hospitably  entertained,  with  a  large  train 
of  her  Nobility  and  Courtiers,  by  Archbishop  Parker,  for  two  days. 

On  the  Tuesday  great  numbers  were  invited  to  supper ;  and  on  the  second  day, 
being  one  of  the  Wednesdays  in  Lent,  the  Queen  and  her  Nobles  attended  at  a 
Sermon  in  the  Chapel,  and  afterwards  partook  of  a  sumptuous  dinner. 

In  the  afternoon  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Greenwich ;  where,  on  the  26th  of 
March,  we  find  her  attending  divine  service  in  the  Parish  Church  l. 

Here  I  shall  again  refer  to  the  Latin  Life  of  Abp.  Parker,  where  the  extracts 
given  in  pp.  34° — 352  are  thus  resumed : 

"  Sed  nee  illud  omittendum  est  cum  secundo  die  mensis  Martii,  1573-4,  Regina 
a  regia.  sua.  Hamptona.  Grenovicum  sese  contulisset,  in  itinere  venit  ad  Archiepis- 
copum  Lametham,   ibique  pernoctavit.     Dies  ille  dies  Martis  fuit,  postridieque, 
scilicet  die  Mercurii,  cum  eo  die  habeatur  in  Quadragesima  coram  Regina,  ex  more 
Theologica  Concio ;  Doctor  Persus,  Sacrae  Theologiae  Professor,  inClaustro  quadrato 
ad  aquae  haustum,  quern  locum  Cantonem  appellant,  positum  suggestum  ascendit, 
atque  praedicavit.     Regina  ex  superiori  deambulatorio,  quod  ad  Thamesin  spec- 
tat,  ilium  audivit.     Nobiles  atque  Aulici  in  reliquis  tribus  conjunctis  in  quadro 
deambulatoriis  steterunt.     Populus  infra  in  claustro  &  circa  aquae  ductum  partim 
reginam,  partim  concionatorem,  intuitus  est.     Concione  finita,  pransum  est.     Ar- 
chiepiscopus,  cum  caetera  domus  suae  loca  a  Regina  &  Aulicis  tenerentur,  Convivi- 
orum  suorum  locum  in  inferiori  magno  ccenaculo2,  quod  horto  proximum  est, 
constituit.    Ibi  die  Martis  ad  ccenam  ex  inferioribus  Aulicis  multos  invitavit.    Die 
vero  Mercurii  in  eodem  ccenaculo  ad  suam  mensam  in  prandio  assiderunt  novem 
Comites  &  septem  Barones ;  ad  alteram  mensam  Contrarotulator  Hospitii  Regii  & 
Reginae  Secretarius,  cum  pluribus  aliis  Militibus  &  Armigeris ;  praeterquam  quod 
consueta  nobilium  mensa  a  Dominis  Thesaurario,  Admirallio,  &  Camerario,  aliisque 
frequentabatur.     Horum  dierum  in  Aula  sumptus  Archiepiscopus  sustinuit :  qui- 
bus  actis,  Regina,  cum  Proceribus  atque  Aulicis,  Grenovicum  discessit  hora  quarta 

1  "  A  godlie  Sermon  preached  before  the  Cjueenes  Majestie  at  Greenwiche  the  26th  of  March  last 
past,  by  Dr.  Whitgift,  Dearie  of  Lincolne,"  was  published  in  1574.  The  preacher  was  nominated  to 
the  Bishoprick  of  Worcester  in  1576,  and  translated  to  Canterbury  1583. 

2  This  room  is  known  by  the  name  of  the  Steward's  Parlour. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    CROYDON    AND    AT    GORHAMBURY,   1573"4.  3§5 

po  meridian  a  dicto  die  Mercurii.  Quod  fato  quodam  evenisse  videri  possit  ; 
semistri  enim  antea  tempore  ob  eodem  Archiepiscopo  Cantuaria  discessit  die 
quodam  Mercurii ;  jejunium  etiam  quatuor,  ut  aiunt,  temporum  perinde  atque  in 
hoc  oservabatur." 

On  the  12th  of  March  she  was  at  Gorhambury  !. 

On  Maundy  Thursday  the  bells  at  St.  Margaret's  rang  a  merry  peal,  when  the 
Queen  went  from  St.  James's  to  the  ceremony  of  the  Maundy  at  Whitehall. 

In  the  month  of  May,  preparations  were  made  by  Archbishop  Parker  for  a 
second  Visit  of  the  Queen  at  his  Palace  of  Croydon  ;  and  Mr.  S.  Bowyer  2,  the 
Queen's  Usher  of  the  Black  Rod,  was  sent  to  prepare  lodgings  for  her  Majesty  and 
her  Noble  Attendants  3  ;  but  after  all  these  preparations,  the  Visit  was  deferred. 

1  See,  in  the  second  Volume,  under  the  year  1577. 

2  Bowyer,  the  Gentleman  Usher  of  the  Black  Rod,  being  charged  by  Queen  Elizabeth's  express 
command  to  look  precisely  to  all  admissions  into  the  Privy  Chamber,  one  day  stayed  a  very  gay 
Captain  (and  a  follower  of  my  Lord  of  Leicester)  from  entrance ;  for  he  was  neither  well  known,  nor 
a  sworn  servant  of  the  Queen.  At  which  repulse,  the  gentleman,  bearing  high  on  my  Lord's  favour, 
told  him,  "  that  perchance  he  would  procure  him  a  discharge."  Lord  Leicester,  coming  to  the 
contestation,  said  publicly  (which  was  none  of  his  wont),  "  that  he  was  a  knave,  and  should  not 
continue  long  in  his  office."  So  turning  about  to  go  to  her  Majesty,  Bowyer,  who  was  a  bold 
gentleman,  and  well  beloved,  stepped  in  before  him,  and  fell  at  her  Majesty's  feet ;  relates  the  story, 
and  humbly  craves  her  Grace's  pleasure,  "  Whether  the  Lord  Leicester  were  King,  or  her  Majesty 
Queen  '"  Whereunto  she  replied,  with  warmth,  "  My  Lord,  I  have  wished  you  well  ;  but  my  favour 
is  not  so  locked  up  for  you,  that  others  shall  not  partake  thereof ;  for  I  have  many  servants,  unto 
whom  I  have  and  will  at  pleasure  bequeath  my  favours,  and  likewise  resume  the  same ;  and  if  you 
think  to  rule  here,  I  will  take  a  course  to  see  you  forth  coming,  I  will  have  here  but  one  Mistress, 
and  no  Master.  And  look  that  no  ill  happen  to  him,  lest  it  be  required  at  your  hands."  Which  so 
quailed  his  Lordship,  that  his  fained  humility  was  long  after  one  of  his  best  virtues. 

3  The  following  particulars  were  communicated  to  Archbishop  Herring  by  Dr.  Birch  : 

"  Lodginsat Croydon, the  Busshope  of  Canterburye's House,  bestowed  as  followeth,the  19th  of  Mayel574: 

The  Lord  Chamberlayne  at  his  old  lodgings.  The  Lady  Stafforde  wher  she  was. 

The  Lord  Treasurer  wher  he  was.  Mr.  Henedge  wher  he  was. 

The  Lady  Marques  at  the  nether  end  of  the  great  Mrs.  Drewrey  wher  the  Lady  Sydney  was. 

chamber.  Ladis  and  Gentylwomen  of  the  Privy  Chamber 

The  Lady  Warwick  wher  she  was.  •    ther  olde. 

The  Erie  of  Lecester  wher  he  was.  Mrs.  Abington  her  olde  and  one  other  small  rome 

The  Lord  Admyrall  the  nether  end  of  the  great  addid  for  the  table. 

Chamber.  The  Maydes  of  Honnor  wher  they  were. 

The  Lady  Howard  wher  she  was.  Sir  George  Howard  wher  he  was. 

The  Lord  of  Honsdane  wher  he  was.  The  Capten  of  the  Gard  where  my  Lord  Oxford 

Mr.  Secretary  Walsingham  where  Mr.  Smyth  was.  was. 
VOL.  I.                                                                       3D 


386   LETTERS  FROM  LORD  TALBOT  TO  THE  EARL  OF  SHREWSBURY,  1574- 

Elizabeth  was  not  without  her  jealousies  at  this  period  on  account  of  the  Scottish 
Queen ;  to  whom,  however,  as  Strype  tells  us,  "  though  she  remained  the  stay  of  the 
Papists  hopes,  and  the  dread  of  the  Queen's  good  subjects,  respect  was  still  shewn. 
Presents  also  passed  between  the  two  Queens1.  A  messenger  from  Mary  brought 
some  tokens  to  Elizabeth  ;  which  she  kindly  accepted,  and  shewed  to  her  Am- 
bassador residing  here;  and  withal  told  him,  that  she  would  requite  her  with 

The  Gromes  of  the  Privy  Chamber  ther  olde.  The  Quen's  Robes  wher  they  were. 

The  Esquyeres  for  the  Body  ther  olde.  The  Grome  Porter  wher  he  was. 

The  Gentylmen  Hussers  ther  olde.  The  Clark  of  the  Kytchen  wher  he  was. 

The  Phesycyo's  their  2  chambers.  The  Wardrobe  of  the  Bedes. 

"  For  the  Quen's  Wayghters,  I  cannot  as  yet  fynde  anye  convenyent  romes  to  place  them  in,  but  I 
will  doo  the  best  yt  I  can  to  place  them  elsewher  but  yf  y*  please  you,  Sr,  yl  I  doo  remove  them.  The 
Gromes  of  the  Privye  Chamber  nor  Mr.  Drewrye  have  no  other  waye  to  their  Chambers  but  to  pass 
thorowe  that  waye  agayne  that  my  Lady  of  Oxford  should  come.  I  cannot  then  tell  wher  to  place 
Mr.  Hatton ,  and  for  my  Lady  Carewe  here  is  no  place  with  a  chymney  for  her  but  that  must  ley 
abrode  by  Mrs.  Aparry  and  the  rest  of  the  Privye  Chambers.  For  Mrs.  Shelton  here  is  no  romes 
with  chymeneys ;  I  shall  staye  one  chamber  without  for  her.  Here  is  as  mutche  as  I  have  any  vvayeg 
able  to  doo  in  this  house. 

From  Croydon,  this  present  Wensday  mornyinge,  your  Honnors  alwayes  most  bounden. 

S.  Bowyer." 

1  The  following  Letter  was  addressed  by  Dr.  Birch  to  Dr.  Ducarel,  June  14,  1754. 

"  Sir,  I  cannot  recollect  to  have  met  with  any  account,  either  in  print  or  manuscript,  of  the  many 
different  Progresses  of  Queen  Elizabeth  in  her  kingdoms  :  nor  can  I  discover  whether  she  was  at 
Croydon  after  May  1574,  during  the  remainder  of  the  life  of  Archbishop  Parker,  who  died  on  the 
17th  of  May  of  the  following  year,  1575.     Strype  takes  no  notice  of  any  such  Visit  of  her  Majesty. 

"  Archbishop  Grindal  fell  so  soon  under  her  displeasure,  the  very  year  after  his  translation  from 

York  to  Canterbury,  that  it  is  probable  that  she  never  honoured  him  with  any  Visit  at  Croydon. 

What  the  particular  offence  was,  is  not  mentioned ;  but  the  following  circumstance  is  related  in 

Strype's  Life  of  Grindal,  p.  146,  under  the  year  1569 :  "  There  happened  in  the  month  of  September, 

a  matter  committed  by  the  Bishop ;  which,  though  slight,  I  will  mention,  because  it  had  like  to  have 

created  him  a  great  deal  of  trouble.     So  tender  and  cautious  ought  those  to  be,  that  have  to  do  with 

the  Courts  of  Princes.     The  business  was  thus  :  the  grapes  that  grew  at  Fulham  were  now-a-days  of 

that  value,  and  a  fruit  the  Queen  stood  so  well  .affected  to,  and  so  early  ripe,  that  the  Bishop  every 

year  used  to  send  a  present  thereof  to  her.     Eight  days  were  passed  in  September,  but  these  grapes 

were  not  yet  in  case  (so  backward  it  seems  was  this  year)  to  be  presented  to  her.     Of  which  Grindal 

gave  an  hint,  in  a  postscript  to  the  Secretary ;  but  withal,  that  the  next  week  he  hoped  to  send  some 

to  the  Queen.     And  accordingly  he  did  soj  and  sent  them  by  one  of  his  servants.     But  the  report 

was,  that  at  this  very  time  the  plague  was  in  his  house  j  and  that  one  had  newly  died  of  that 

distemper  there,  and  three  more  sick.    By  which  occasion,  both  the  Queen  and  Court  were  in  danger. 

And  well  it  was,  that  no  sickness  happened  here  :  for  if  it  had,  all  the  blame  would  have  been  laid 


THE  &UEEN  IN  RETIREMENT  AT  HAVERING,  1574.  387 

some  like  token  from  herself:  which  also  she  bade  him  acquaint  his  mistress 
with.  Of  which  passage  the  Earl  of  Leicester  soon  informed  the  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury ;  and  so  he  might  be  the  first  bringer  of  that  news  to  that  Queen, 
being  in  his  custody.  But  the  Queen  was  now  melancholy :  and  so  had  been 
for  many  days ;  occasioned  by  some  weighty  causes  of  state :  and  how  to 
interpret  the  same  was  uncertain:  as  the  same  Leicester,  then  near  her  Majesty, 
shewed  that  Lord  at  the  same  time  l. 

In  the  latter  end  of  Mayj  as  appears  by  the  following  Letters  from  Lord  Talbot 
to  his  Father,  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  the  Queen  passed  six  days  in  retirement  at 
Havering,  and  was  then  meditating  a  longer  Progress. 

"  May  10.  Here  is  nothinge  but  of  kind  Philipe  cuminge  dounne  in  to  Flanders  ; 
and  preparinge  the  Quene's  Nave  to  seay ;  but  whether  my  Lord  Admiraule  goueth 
himselfe  or  no  it  is  not  given  out  for  sertayne  as  yet.  The  Quene  Matie  gouethe 
of  Saterday  cum  se'night  to  Havering  of  the  Bower,  and  their  remeaneth  tyle 

upon  the  poor  Bishop.     The  Bishop,  understanding  this,  thought  himself  bound  to  vindicate  himself. 
Which  he  did  forthwith,  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary,  to  this  tenor : 

"  1  hear  that  some  fault  is  fownde  with  me  abroad,  for  the  sending  my  servant  lately  to  the  Courte 
with  grapes,  seyng  one  dyed  in  my  house  of  the  plague  (as  they  saye),  and  three  more  are  sick. 
The  truthe  is,  one  dyed  in  my  house  the  19th  of  this  month,  who  had  lyen  but  three  dayes  :  but  he 
had  gone  abroad  languishing  above  twenty  dayes  before  that,  being  troubled  with  a  flux ;  and 
thinking  to  bear  it  out,  took  cold,  and  so  ended  his  life.  But,  I  thank  God,  there  is  none  sick  in  my 
house.  Neither  would  I  so  far  have  overseen  myself,  as  to  have  sent  to  her  Majesty,  if  I  had  not 
been  more  assured,  that  my  man's  sicknes  was  not  of  the  plague.  And  if  I  suspected  any  such  thing 
now,  I  would  not  keep  my  howsehold  together  as  I  do.  Thus  muche  I  thought  good  also  to  signify 
unto  you.     God  keep  you.  From  Fulham,  20  Sept.  1569.     Yours  in  Christ,  Edm.  London." 

"  His  successor,  Whitgift,  as  we  are  informed  by  Sir  George  Paul,  in  his  Life  of  his  Grace,  p.  103, 
every  year  entertained  the  Queen  at  one  of  his  houses  so  long  as  he  was  Archbishop,  and  some  years  twice 
or  thrice.  "  And  albeit,"  adds  he,  p.  112,  the  Archbishop  had  ever  a  great  affection  to  lie  at  his 
mansion-house  at  Croydon,  for  the  sweetness  of  the  place,  especially  in  summer  time,  whereby  also 
he  might  sometimes  retire  himself  from  the  multiplicity  of  business  and  suitors  in  the  vacation ;  yet, 
after  he  had  builded  his  Hospital  and  his  School,  he  was  farther  in  love  with  the  place  than  before. 
The  chief  comfort  of  repose  or  solace  that  he  took,  was  in  often  dining  at  the  Hospital,  among  his 
poor  brethren,  as  he  called  them."  I  am  sorry  that  I  am  not  able  to  give  you  any  farther  information 
on  this  subject}  and  am,  with  great  regard  and  sincerity,  &c.  Tho.  Birch." 

In  1582,  the  Queen  gave  Whitgift,  as  a  New-year's  gift,  a  silver  standing  cup  of  fifty  ounces,  which 
he  afterwards  bequeathed  to  Lord  Burghley.     Strype,  p.  284. 

•  Strype's  Annals,  vol.  II.  p.  336. 


388  THE    ClUEEN  S   INTENDED    PROGRESS,  1574. 

shee  begins  her  Progress,  wch  is  to  Bristo ;  the  gests  be  not  drauen,  but  shee  is 
determined  for  sertain  to  govve  to  Bristo1." 

"  May  24.  There  is  some  taulcke  of  a  Progress  to  Bristo  ;  but,  by  reason  of  the 
unsesonablenes  of  the  yeare,  ther  is  greate  meanes  made  for  hure  not  goinge  of  so 
long  a  Progress  ;  but  hure  Mati,s  greate  desire  is  to  go  to  Bristo.  Mr  Hattoun,  be 
reason  of  his  greate  syckenes,  is  minded  to  gowe  to  the  Spawe  for  the  better 
recoverie  of  his  healthe. ,    All  your  Lo'  frinds  do  well  here2." 

June  28,  Gilbert  Talbot  writes  thus  to  his  Mother,  the  Countes  of  Shrewsbury: 

Ci  Her  Matie  styrreth  litell  abrode,  and  since  the  stay  of  the  Navy  to  sea,  here 

hathe  bene  all  thinges  very  quieat ;  and  almoste  no  other  taulke  but  of  this  late 

Proclamation  for  Apparell,  weh  is  thought  shall  be  very  severely  executed  both  here 

at  Courte,  and  at  London3." 

"  The  Queen  remained  sad  and  pensive  in  the  month  of  June:  and  so  the  Earl 
of  Shrewsbury's  Son,  then  at  Court,  wrote  to  his  Father,  as  Leicester  also  had 
done  ;  and  that  it  should  seem  she  was  so  troubled  for  some  important  matters  then 
before  her4.  But,  notwithstanding,  that  month  she  began  her  Progress  ;  which 
might  perhaps  divert  her.  It  was  thought  she  would  go  to  Bristow.  The  gests 
were  making  in  order  thereto.  Mr.  Hatton  (not  well  in  health)  took  this  oppor- 
tunity to  get  leave  to  go  to  the  Spaw ;  and  Dr.  Julio  (a  great  Court  Physician) 
with  him  :  wherat  the  Queen  shewed  herself  very  pensive ;  and  very  unwilling  to 
grant  him  leave  ;  for  he  was  a  favourite.  These  are  some  of  the  contents  of  a  pri- 
vate letter  of  the  Lord  Talbot  to  the  Earl  his  Father ;  as  also,  that  the  Lord  Trea- 
surer intending  to  wait  upon  the  Queen  when  she  came  to  Woodstock,  as  she  had 
appointed  him,  Secretary  Walsingham  signified  to  him,  that  the  Queen  now  had 
a  disposition,  that  he,  with  the  Lord  Keeper  and  Sir  Ralph  Sadleir,  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  should  tarry  at  London  ;  the  cause  wherefore  was  unknown  to 
the  Lord  Treasurer,  but  seemed  to  be  a  surprize  to  him  :  but,  he  said,  he  would 
do  as  he  was  commanded.  The  Queen  seemed  to  be  apprehensive  of  some 
dangers  in  her  absence  (which  might  give  occasion  to  her  melancholy),  and  there- 
fore thought  it  advisable  for  those  staid  Counsellors  to  remain  behind  5." 

"  The  young  Earl  of  Oxford,  of  that  ancient  and  Very  family  of  the  Veres, 
had  a  cause  or  suit,  that  now  came  before  the  Queen  ;  which  she  did  not  answer 

1  Hunter's  Hallamshire,  p.  84.  9  Ibid.  3  Ibid. 

4  Unpublished  Talbot  Papers.  s  Strype's  Annals. 


REMARKABLE    PUBLIC    EVENTS    IN    1574-  3$9 

so  favourably  as  was  expected,  checking  him,  it  seems,  for  his  unthriftiness.  And 
hereupon  his  behaviour  before  her  gave  her  some  offence.  This  was  advertised 
from  the  Lord  Chamberlain  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  who,  being  Master  of  the 
Wards,  had  this  Earl  under  his  care;  and  whom  he  afterwards  matched  his 
daughter  Anne  unto.  The  news  of  this  troubled  that  Lord ;  saying,  6  He  was 
sorry  her  Majesty  had  made  such  haste ;  and  had  answered  him  so,  that  he  feared 
the  sequel  might  breed  offence,  if  he  were  ill  counselled :  that  is,  in  case  he 
should  upon  this  yield  to  such  heads  as  himself,  which  he  was  apt  enough  to  do.' 
And  then  gave  this  favourable  character  of  the  said  young  Earl,  that  howsoever 
he  might  be,  for  his  own  private  matters,  of  thrift  inconsiderate,  he  dared  avow 
him  to  be  resolute  in  dutifulness  to  the  Queen  and  his  country.  And  then  prayed 
God,  that  the  usage  of  that  poor  young  Earl  might  not  hazard  him  to  the  profit 
of  others. 

"Cox,  the  good  Bishop  of  Ely,  had  a  deep  portion  of  envy  and  disquiet  by  par- 
ticular informations  given  to  the  Lord  Treasurer  how  rich  he  was.  A  wealthy 
Bishoprick  indeed  his  was.  But  these  men  considered  not  the  necessary  and  con- 
tinual charges  and  expences  in  repairs,  hospitality,  charity,  duties,  taxes,  that 
went  out  of  it.  This  report  (which  that  Lord  also  partly  believed)  coming  to 
the  pious  Bishop's  ears,  he  thought  fit  to  declare  his  mind  to  the  said  Lord,  and 
to  open  what  in  truth  his  own  circumstances  were :  that  so  he  might  stop  any 
danger  of  that  nature  that  might  happen,  by  imposing  upon  the  Queen  or  other- 
wise. And  therefore  after  this  manner  did  he  write  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  both 
in  behalf  of  himself,  and  other  his  Fellow  Bishops  : 

"  That  he  trusted  it  was  not  true  that  his  Lordship  should  conceive  of  him, 
that  he  was  rich,  and  had  great  heaps  of  money  lying  by  him.  For  that  he  ac- 
counted that  state  [and  niggardly  disposition]  to  be  miserable  and  sinful,  especi- 
ally in  that  needy  and  beggarly  time;  and  also,  their  fenns,  loods,  dikes,  and 
banks  [belonging  to  that  Bishopric]  almost  then  in  all  places  so  sore  decayed. 
That  he  meant  not  to  trouble  his  Lordship  with  discoursing  of  his  estate:  which 
partly  he  had  done  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury :  Qui  nuper  erat  in  simili 
seductione.  That  he  was  loth  to  utter  his  bare  condition  :  but  I  dare  protest,  as 
he  added,  coram  Domino  in  conscientid  bond,  that  my  sum  is  well  under  a  thou- 
sand pounds  ;  as  he  was  able,  he  said,  to  declare.  And  then,  on  occasion  of 
these  slanderous  reports,  he  used  these  words,  Ora  obloquentia  Deus  Veritatis 
vindex  obstruere  dignetur.     That  he  wished  rather  an  hundred  others  to  talk 


390  THE    BISHOP    OF    ELY'S    LETTER    TO    THE    61UEEN,   1574. 

their  pleasures,  than  his  Lordship  should  conceive  any  thing  amiss  of  him,  and 
otherwise  than  truth  would  bear.  And  therefore  he  thought  good  at  this  time  to 
signify  thus  much  unto  his  good  Lordship,  as  to  his  dearest  friend  on  earth. 
Dominus  Jesus  te  nobis  diutissimk  servet  incolumen.  Written  from  his  house 
at  Downham,  April  28,  1574." 

"  Such  reports  of  this  Bishop,  and  his  wealth,  might  have  been  made  at  Court, 
to  incline  the  Queen  the  more  to  command  him  to  part  with  his  City  house  in 
Holborn  to  Sir  Christopher  Hatton,  who  was  very  intent  upon  it,  as  well  as 
several  other  Noblemen,  to  strip  it  from  the  Bishopric.  Letters  therefore  were 
procured  to  be  written  to  the  Bishop  of  Ely,  for  that  purpose,  by  the  Lord  Trea- 
surer :  or  at  least  to  lend  the  house  to  a  Nobleman,  a  friend  of  his.  But  to  the 
lasting  commendation  of  this  Bishop,  knowing  he  could  not  with  any  conscience 
diminish  the  revenues  of  that  which  he  was  but  intrusted  with  as  a  steward,  he  gave 
thiswise  and  stout  answer  to  "that  Lord,  after  his  very  hearty  commendations : 
That  he  had  considered  his  suit  which  he  made  so  friendly  for  a  Nobleman, 
for  his  house  in  Holbourn  *.  But  that  his  request  and  suit  unto  his  Lordship,  as 
to  his  dearest  friend,  was  to  stay  the  suit,  whereunto  he  could  not  conveniently 
yield  without  some  just  displeasure  and  misliking  of  divers  Nobles  of  this  Realm, 
and  they  his  dear  friends :  who  in  like  request,  at  his  [the  Bishop's]  reasonable 
desire,  had  been  quietly  and  friendly  stayed.   And  yet,  he  added,  he  had  had  some 

1  See  the  Bishop's  Letter  to  the  Queen,  in  Strype's  Appendix,  No  XLVI.  p.  84.  *'  Scribunt 
quidam,"  he  tells  her  Majesty,  "  Jupiter  nutu  totum  tremefactat  Olympum.  Serenissima  Regina, 
ita  literal  tuae  in  Hattoni  tui  gratia  m  scriptae  me  non  parum  turbarunt  &  terruerunt.  Quod  enim 
prius  subtimui,  cum  in  gratiam  tuae  pietatis  aedium  mearum  dartem  Hattono  tuo  cessi,  jam  evenire 
palam  est.  Constantiores,  fateor,  fuerunt  patres  mei.  Potentissimus  Rex,  pater  tuus,  non  obtinuit 
pro  Cancellario  suo  Wriehesleo,  nisi  ad  tempus,  aedes  Elienses.  Magnificus  ille  Northumbrian  dux 
non  valuit  illo  tempore  episcopum  ab  aedibus  illis  exigere.  Neque  ego  charissimo  tuo  servo  Magistro 
Parris,  vel  tua  Majestate  interpellate,  aedes  meas  concessi.  Ipse  vero  tandem  precibus  fatigatus 
trepido  quidem  animo,  ne  ingratitudine  Majestatem  tuam  laedere  viderer,  locari  partem  aedium 
mearum  tuo  Hattono  ad  annos  viginti  unum.  Jam  vero  postulatur,  ut  in  perpetuum  cedam.". . . . 
"  Non  ullius  commodum  alieno  incommodo  augendum  est.  Magnos  vero  sumptus  fecit  tuus  Hat- 
tonus  in  sedibus  meis.  Aiunt  legisperiti  non  satis  firmam  esse  locationem  aedium  Hattono  factam. 
Ego  vero  ut  firmior  reddatur  opto,  si  id  per  me  confici  possit.  At  ut  perpetua  fiat  alienatio,  nondum 
induci  potest  timida  mea  conscientia.  Nee  libenter  me  &  successores  meos  nudos  relinqui  velim,  ut 
horto  pomario  &  pastura  muro  cincta,  destituantur,  &  aedes  meae  in  nimis  arctum  comprimantur. 
Ignoscat,  nobilissima  Heroina,  liberae  sacerdotis  tui  voci:  vix  justificate  audeo  eos  principes,  qui  in 
vere  pios  usus  collata  in  usus  minus  pios  transferunt Ex  aedibus  meis  Eliensibus,  20  die  Aug." 


the  queen's  progress,  1574.  39  * 

experience,  what  inconvenience  had  fallen  of  lending  of  an  house.  Again,  when 
her  Majesty  appointed  him  to  that  officce,  he  had,  he  said,  free  access  and  entry 
into  all  his  houses:  and  truly,  I  would,  as  he  added,  be  very  loth  to  leave  my 
house  possest  and  inhabited  ;  that  when  God  shall  call  me,  my  successor  shall 
be  driven  to  make  suit  for  his  own  house.  That  the  state  of  the  world  at  this 
day  beinc,  as  his  Lordship  knew,  Turpius  ejiciter  quam  non  admittitur  hospes. 

"  Further,  that  his  sundry  suits  and  causes  there  [at  London  and  Westminster] 
were  such,  that  he  looked  every  Term,  when  he  should  be  forced  to  repair  thither 
himself;  at  what  time  he  meant  not  to  be  destitute  of  his  house.  That  moreover, 
his  house  had  at  that  present  some  furniture  in  a  readiness:  which  if  another  man 
should  enter  in,  he  should  be  forced  troublesomely  to  convey  away,  or  to  thrust  it 
on  heaps  in  some  corner.  Wherefore  he  most  heartily  desired  his  good  Lordship 
to  stand  his  Friend  and  good  Lord  in  this  case,  as  heretofore  he  had  been  accus- 
tomed :  so  as  he  might  enjoy  to  his  own  use  and  commodity.  And  then  con 
eluded  with  something  in  Latin,  as  of  more  privacy,  and  touching  that  Lord  him- 
self, viz.  Atque  hie  aurem  tibi  vellico.  Hoc  fades  alteri,  quod  tibi  vis  fieri. 
Neque  tibi  unquam  excidat,  te  adeo  hue  esse  evectum,  ut  verbi  ministris  in 
medio  nationis  pravce  degentibus,  unicum  sis  fere  asylum.  Thus  the  Lord 
have  you  in  his  blessed  keeping.  From  my  house  in  Downham,  the  3d  of 
February  1574-" 

The  Queen's  Progress  to  Bristol  commenced  in  July;  and  the  first  notice  we 
have  of  her  Visits  was  to  Sir  Edward  Umpton  l,  at  his  manor-house  of  Wadley, 
in  Farringdon,  Berks  ;  where  she  received  the  present  noticed  in  p.  379. 

She  next  proceeded  to  her  own  Palace  of  Woodstock;  and,  after  continuing  there 
a  short  time,  passed  into  Gloucestershire  ;  where  she  probably  visited  Sudely 
Castle,  as  a  present  is  noticed  in  p.  397,  to  have  been  given  in  this  Progress  by 
"  the  old  Lady  Shandowes'2" 

'  Sheriff  of  Berkshire  in  156*9,  and  afterwards  Knight  of  the  Bath.  He  married  Anne,  Countess 
of  Warwick,  Daughter  of  Edward  Seymour,  Duke  of  Somerset  and  Protector  of  England,  by  whom 
he  had  five  sons  3  and  is  thus  noticed  by  Dr.  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies  of  Berkshire,  "  Edward  Unton, 
or  Umpton,  Miles.  This  ancient  and  worshipfull  name  was  extinct  in  the  days  of  our  fathers  for 
want  of  issue  male,  and  a  great  part  of  their  lands  devolved  by  an  heir  genera!  to  George  Purfey  of 
Wadley,  Esquire,  whose  care  is  commendable  in  preserving  the  monuments  of  the  Umptons  in 
Farington  Church,  and  restoring  such  as  were  defaced  in  the  war  to  a  good  degree  of  their  former 
fairness." 

'  Dorothy,  daughter  of  Edmund  Lord  Bray,  and  widow  of  Edmund  Brydges,  second  Lord  Chandos. 


392  THE    aUEEN    AT    FROCESTER    AND    BERKELEY   CASTLE,  1574- 

On  the  10th  of  August,  she  honoured  George  Huntley1,  Esquire,  by  resting 
one  night  at  his  house  at  Frocester  in  Gloucestershire ;  and  the  next  day  made  a 
second  Visit  to  the  Lord  Berkeley  at  his  baronial  mansion2. 

On  the  14th  of  August,  the  Queen  arrived  at  Bristol,  where  she  was  received 
with  great  pomp  and  solemnity  by  the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Incorporated 
Companies,  formed  under  their  proper  ensigns.  The  Mayor  carried  the  Sword 
of  State  before  her  Majesty,  bare-headed,  and  attended  her  to  Mr.  John  Young's 
on  St.  Augustine's  Back.  During  the  procession  all  ranks  of  people  testified 
their  joy  at  the  condescension  of  the  Royal  Visitor,  by  acclamations,  and  other 
demonstrations  of  loyalty  and  attachment ;  and  at   her  departure  she   conferred 

1  "  Hoc  anno,  die  Festi  Laurencii  Martyris,  serenissima  Regina  Elizabetha  hoc  nostrum  oppidatum 
accessit  et  invisit;  in  eoque,  in  sedibus  Georgii  Huntley,  armigeri,  comiter  benigneque  et  summa  cum 
humanitate  tractantis,  pernoctavit ;  indeque  Barkleyum  Castellum  concessit."     Parish  Register. 

The  Court-house  at  Frocester  appears  to  have  been  rebuilt  by  the  Huntleys,  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth ;  and  was,  perhaps,  prepared  for  her  reception  in  1 574.  It  formerly  made  three 
sides  of  a  spacious  quadrangle,  with  bay  windows,  and  other  ornaments  of  that  day,  About  the 
same  time  Freetherne  Lodge,  a  stately  house  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  with  a  noble  stair-case,  and 
turrets  of  free-stone,  was  built  by  James  Clifford,  Esq.  an  officer  of  the  Household  to  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, for  her  reception  in  her  Progress  to  Bristol.  It  had  an  eligible  situation  above  the  Church, 
commanding  a  very  advantageous  view  of  the  Severn.     Bigland's  Gloucestershire,  vol.  I.  p.  605. 

2  See  before,  under  the  year  1572,  p.  321. — The  following  instance  of  the  Queen's  despotic  temper 
is  recorded  in  the  Berkeley  MSS.  "  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  her  Progress,  came  to  Berkeley  Castle,  at 
which  time  Henry  Lord  Berkeley  had  a  stately  game  of  red  deer  in  the  parke  adjoyning,  called 
The  Worthy,  whereof  Henry  Ligon  was  keeper ;  during  which  tyme  of  her  being  there,  such 
slaughter  was  made,  as  twenty-seven  stagges  were  slayne  in  the  toyles  on  one  day,  and  many  others 
on  that  and  the  next  stollen  and  havocked  ;  whereof  when  this  Lord,  being  then  at  Callowdon,  was 
advertised,  having  much  set  his  delight  in  this  game,  he  sodainly  and  passionately  disparked  that 
ground ;  but  in  a  few  months  after  he  had  a  secret  friendly  advertisement  from  the  Court,  "  that  the 
Queen  was  informed  how  the  same  was  so  disparked  by  him  on  repining  at  her  coming  to  his  house 
(for  indeed  it  was  not  in  her  gests),  and  at  the  good  sport  she  had  had  in  the  park ;  advising  this 
Lord  to  carry  a  wary  watch  over  his  words  and  actions,  least  thus  that  Earl  (meaning  Leicester)  that 
had,  contrary  to  her  set  justice,  drawn  her  to  his  castle,  and  purposely  had  caused  that  slaughter  of 
his  deere,  might  have  a  further  plot  against  his  head  and  that  castle,  whereto  he  had  taken  noe  small 
likinge,  and  affirmed  to  have  good  title  thereto,  and  was  not  far  from  his  manor  of  Wotton,  lately 
recovered  against  him." — Another  anecdote,  during  this  Visit,  is  indicative  of  the  Queen's  masculine 
understanding :  "  In  suing  for  a  pardon  for  a  law-suit,  Lady  Berkeley  delivered  a  petition  to  the  Queen 
upon  her  knees.  Her  Majesty  replied,  *  No,  no,  my  Lady  Berkely,  we  know  you  will  never  love  us  for 
the  death  of  your  Brother ;'  meaning  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  beheaded  about  two  years  before." 

The  Queen  was,  in  1575,  godmother,  by  proxy,  to  Thomas,  the  son  and  heir  of  Lord  Berkeley. 


churchyard's  apology  for  his  chippes.  303 

the   honour  of   Knighthood  on   Mr.  Young,    who   paid  for  his  dignity   by  the 
present  of  a  jewel.     See  p.  379. . 

A  full  description  of  the  Queen's  Entertainment  at  Bristol,  was  published  by 
Churchyard  in  the  following  year;  and  shall  here  be  given  at  large. 

^he  whole  Order  howe  our  Soveraigne  Ladye  Queene  Elizabeth  was  receyved 
into  the  Citie  of  Bristowe,  in  August,  and  the  Speaches  spoken  before  her 
presens  at  her  Entry  ;  with  the  residue  of  Versis  and  Matter  that  might  not  be 
spoken  (for  distance  of  the  place),  but  sent  in  a  Book  over  the  Waetter  [into  Wales]. 

To  the  Right  Worshipful  his  tried  and  worthy  friend  Mister  Christofer 
Hatton,  Esquier,  Captaine  of  the  Queenes  Maiesties  Garde,  and  Gentle- 
man of  her  Highness  Privie  Chamber. 

The  long  liking  and  good  wylt  with  the  fast  friendship  I  finde  in  you  (good 
Maister  Hatton)  procures  my  penne  presently  to  performe  that  I  promised,  no 
smal  time  since,  touching  a  book  of  all  my  English  verses  in  meter.     The  offer 

1  From  "  The  Firste  Parte  of  Churchyarde's  Chippes,  contayning  Twelve  seueral  Labours,  Devised 
and  published,  only  by  Thomas  Churchyard,  Gentilman.  Imprinted  at  London,  in  Fletestreate,  neare 
unto  Saint  Dunstone's  Church,  by  Thomas  Marshe,  1575  Cum  Privilegio." — Round  the  title-page 
is  a  wooden  border,  with  the  Stationer's  arms  at  the  top,  and  the  cypher  T.  M.  at  the  bottom. 

The  whole  contents  of  this  curious  little  Volume  are  here  transcribed  : 

1.  The  Siege  of  Leeth,  more  aptlie  called  the  Schole  of  Warre  (the  Lord  Gray  of  Wiltton  Generall 
thereof),  in  the  second  year  of  the  raigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lady  Queene  Elizabeth,  anno  1560. — 
24  pages. 

2.  A  Farewell  when  I  went  to  studie,  written  to  the  worlde. — 11  pages. 

3.  A  fayned  Fancye  betweene  the  Spider  and  the  Gowte. — 17  pages. 

4.  A  dollfull  Discours  of  two  Straungers,  a  Lady  and  a  Knight. — 23  pages. 

5.  The  Roed  made  by  Syr  William  Druery,  Knight,  into  Skotland,  from  the  East  Seas  to  the  West 
(with  sundry  gentlemen  of  good  calling),  for  the  reformation  of  such  causes  as  the  Queens  Majes- 
tie  and  her  Councel  thought  convenient.  In  the  xm  year  of  the  raign  of  our  soveraigne  Lady 
Queene  Elizabeth. 

The  names  of  the  Captaines  and  Gentlemen  in  his  company : 
Syr  Thomas  Manners.  M.  Michell  Carye. 

Syr  George  Cary.  Captaine  Carye. 

Syr  Robert  Constable.  Captaine  Carvill. 

Syr  Jerome  Bowes.  Captaine  Austell. 

M.  William  Knowls.  Captaine  Edington. 

M.  Henry  Cary.  M.  Edmond  Varney.— 16  pages. 

M.  Robert  Knowls. 
"  My  Lord  of  Sussex,  now  Lord  Chamberlayne,  having  finished  two  famous  and  notable  roeds  into 
Skotlande,  which  I  have  written  of  (as  chargeable  as  paynfull,  and  of  no  smal  credit  and  pollicy), 
VOL.  I.  3   E 


394  CHURCHYARDS    APOLOGY    FOR    HIS    CHIPPES. 

whereof  came  from  myselfe,  not  for  the  goodnes  of  the  matter,  but  for  the  par- 
fitnesse  of  the  persone  to  whome  I  ment  to  dedicate  my  woorke.  And  albeit 
your  valour  may  not  be  seen  in  so  simple  a  glas,  yet  I  hope  this  my  workes  shall 
not  hinder  your  deserved  renown,  nor  breed  occasion  to  mislike  my  unbridled 
boldness.  And  for  that  from  my  head,  hand,  and  penne,  can  floe  no  farre-fatched 
eloquence,  nor  sweete  sprinklyng  speaches  (seasoned  with  spiced  termes),  I  call 
my  workes  Churchyardes  Chips,  the  basnes  wherof  can  beguild  no  man  with 
better  opinion,  than  the  substance  it  selfe  doth  import;  and  indeed  if  any  other 
tietle  had  bene  geven  to  my  trifles,  than  the  proper  name  of  chips,  men  might 
have  hoped  for  graver  matter  than  the  natuer  of  my  verses  can  produce.  Wher- 
for  I  prepared  a  title  aunswerable  to  the  weight  of  the  worke,  misdoubting  not 
but  that  you  will  of  cortesie  behold  what  blaes  of  good  wyll  these  my  chips  will 

rested  a  season  at  Barwyck,  by  reason  of  a  sickness  taken  by  over  much  travell  of  body  and  minde  in 
the  service  rehearsed,  and  reposing  himself  in  that  towne  for  the  benefite  of  health,  thought  necessary 
(in  the  present  exploits  and  service  expected)  to  institute  another  generall  for  the  execution  of  such 
matters  as  he  himself  would  gladly  have  taken  in  hande  if  sickness  had  permitted.  (My  Lord  of 
Sussex  Jorneys  I  set  out  in  my  second  book.)"     Churchyard. 

6.  Sir  Symon  Burleis  Tragedie,  who  lived  in  the  xi  yeer  of  King  Richard  the  Second.  Loke  Frozard 
the  last  part,  fol.  108. — 23  pages. 

7.  A  Tragicall  Discourse  of  the  unhappy  Man's  Life. — 26  pages. 

8.  A  Discourse  how  Vertue  seames  to  sleape,  and  Justice  is  ever  awaken. — 6  pages. 

9  Churchyarde's  Dream,  written  to  Master  William  Harbert,  Esquier,  dwellinge  at  Saint  Gillians  by 
Carlion  in  Wales. — 22  pages.  , 

10.  A  Tael  of  a  Freer  and  a  Shoemaker's  wyef. — 18  pages. 

11.  The  Seige  of  Edenbrough  Castell,  in  the  xv  yeer  of  the  raigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lady  jQueen 
Elizabeth,  at  whiche  service  Sir  William  Druery,  Knight,  was  Generall,  havyng  at  that  tyme  under 
him  these  Captaynes  and  Gentlemen  following : 

The  names  of  the  Captaines  that  had  chardge.  The  Gentlemen's  names. 

Sir  Francis  Russell.  Sir  George  Carye. 

Captayne  Read.  Sir  Henrie  Lee. 

Captayne  Eryngton,    Master  of  the  Or-  M.  Thomas  Cecyle. 

dinance  and  Provost  Marshall.  M.  Mighell  Cary. 

Captayne  Pyckman.  M.  Thomas  Sutton. 

Captayne  Yaksley.  ,                          M.  Cotton. 

Captayne  Gamme.  M.  Kelway. 

Captayne  Wood.  M.  Dyer. 

Captayne  Case.  M.  Tylney. 

Captaine  Sturley.  William  Killigrne. — 13  pages. 
12.  The  whole  Order  howe  our  Soveraigne  Ladye  Queene  Elizabeth  was  received  into  the  Citye  of 
Bristowe,  &c.     (The  Tract  here  reprinted.) 


churchyard's  apology  for  his  chippes.  395 

utter  to  the  world ;  assuring  myselfe  and  my  friends,  that  herein  is  no  kind  of 
sparke,  neither  hurtfull  nor  uncomly.  But  as  the  worlde  may  judge,  among 
many  chips  may  be  sundrie  woods,  so  the  worst  of  them  all  makes  but  a  crack, 
consumes  with  the  coales,  and  turneth  unto  sinders.  What  tier  can  be  made 
where  neither  smoek  can  be  seen,  nor  hissing  of  stickes  maye  bee  hard  ?  And 
yet  these  two  properties  agree  in  the  end  to  one  flame,  effect,  and  purpose.  I 
write  of  severall  thinges,  whose  sondry  foundations  might  leade  me  to  divers  sub- 
jects, but  each  of  them  indeede  serveth  to  one  mans  cogitacion  and  duetifull  deal- 
ing towardes  God  and  my  countrey.  And  none  of  them  hath  any  humour  or 
disease,  but  such  as  every  body  may  broke,  disgeste,  and  embrace  (bearing  any  graine 
of  favour  to  the  wrytter),  which  I  hope  makes  the  reddier  passage  to  that  which 
I  cause  to  be  printed.  My  first  booke  hath  but  few  things  in  it,  but  such  varietie 
of  matter  as  shall  breed  to  the  reader  rather  pleasure  than  painful nes.  And  the 
second  shall  contain  a  nomber  of  things,  I  trust,  of  no  less  pastime  and  com- 
modity, waying  mirrely  the  meaning  of  my  imaginacions.  Thus  making  my 
choice  of  a  sufficiente  patroen  for  a  farre  better  worke  than  my  cunning  can  per- 
forme  (and  creping  under  the  target  of  your  protection),  I  weery  you  no  further 
in  reading  of  this  my  plain  epistle,  committing  to  the  Almighty,  your  Worship, 
good  naem,  and  most  desired  felicitie,  with  increase  of  wished  fortune. 

Yours  in  all  commaundment,  Thomas  Churchyard,  Gentleman  *. 

To  the  Dispisers  of  other  mens  workes  that  shoes  nothing  of  their  owne. 

If  well  you  iudge  of  my  good  will,  you  yelde  me  my  desarts : 
If  that  with  frowns  and  scornful  loeks,  you  show  your  hollow  harts. 
(And  by  disdaine  disgrace  his  verse,  that  doth  the  best  he  can :) 
You  do  not  well  to  hinder  soe,  the  works  of  any  man. 
For  loke  what  measure  you  doe  meet,  the  same  ye  shall  receave : 
When  from  the  loom  of  your  device,  like  web  of  cloath  you  weave. 
But  if  you  leade  an  idle  life,  and  father  near  a  childe  ; 
You  are  as  bad  as  barain  ground,  and  so  the  worlde  begilde. 
The  lookar  on  of  table  playe  finds  many  faults  indeede, 
And  with  conceites  of  this  and  that  he  doth  his  fancie  feede. 
But  bid  him  play  a  gaem  himselfe,  and  then  perhaps  he  will 
Mis  some  good  pointe  by  over  sight,  and  loes  his  money  still. 

1  Strype,  in  his  Life  of  Grindal,  calls  Churchyard  "  an  excellent  Soldier,  and  a  man  of  honest 
principles." 


3,96  the  glueen's  reception  at  Bristol,  1574. 

A  man  that  builds  a  prettie  house  in  sweete  and  holsome  ayre, 
With  goodly  rowms  and  choise  of  place,  and  windows  large  and  fayre, 
Shall  heer  his  neighbour  streight  disprayes  the  seate  and  eek  the  fraem; 
Yet  hee  that  praets  wants  wealth  and  wit,  and  cannot  mende  the  seam. 
What  needs  more  words  to  waest  my  wind  about  these  busie  brains, 
That  powlts  and  swels  at  others  toils,  and  take  themselves  no  pains  ? 
The  best  is,  though  small  goodnes  be  in  these  baer  chipps  of  mien ; 
My  hatchet  hewed  them  all  in  deede  whear  they  be  grosse  or  fien. 
And  when  that  theas  have  maed  a  blaes,  and  bin  in  world  a  whiel, 
A  bigger  basket  will  I  bring,  to  make  you  worldlings  smiel. 
And  wheather  theas  you  like  or  noe,  the  rest  aer  neer  the  stamp; 
Which  if  you  pleas  to  flinge  in  fier,  will  burn  as  cleer  as  lamp. 
Thus  faerwell  frends  or  flyring  foes,  I  kno  not  how  to  fawne : 
I  mean  to  see  you  ons  againe,  so  leave  my  book  for  pawne. 

Adue. 


The  whole  Order  howe  our  Soveraigne  Ladye  Queen  Elizabeth  was  receyved 

into  the  Citie  of  Bristow. 

At  the  High  Crosse,  in  a  disguised  manner,  stood  Faem,  very  orderly  set  forth, 
and  spoke  as  followeth,  by  an  excellent  boy : 

Ne  fleet  of  foet,  nor  swift  of  wyng,  nor  skarce  the  thought  in  brest ; 
Nor  yet  the  arrowe  out  of  boe,  nor  wynde  that  seld  doth  rest ; 
Compares  with  me,  quick  world's  report,  that  some  calls  Flying  Faem, 
A  bruet  of  prayes,  a  blast  of  pomp,  a  blazer  of  good  naem. 
The  only  lawd  that  kings  do  seek,  a  joy  to  catch  estaet, 
A  welcome  friend,  that  all  men  loves,  and  noen  alive  doth  haet ; 
Salutes  the  Queen  of  rare  renowne,  whose  goodly  gifts  devien 
Throw  earth  and  ayre  with  glory  great  shall  passe  this  tromp  of  mien. 
And,  knowyng  of  thy  commyng  heer,  my  duety  bad  me  goe 
Before  unto  this  present  place,  the  news  therof  to  shoe. 
No  sooner  was  pronounst  the  name,  but  baebs  in  street  gan  leap; 
The  youth,  the  age,  the  ritch,  the  poor,  cam  runnyng  all  on  heap, 
And,  clapping  hands,  cried  maynly  out,  "  O  blessed  be  the  owre! 
Our  Queen  is  commyng  to  the  Town,  with  princely  trayn  and  poure." 


THE    QUEEN'S    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,  1574-  397 

Then  collors  cast  they  o'er  the  walls,  and  deckt  old  housis  gaye ; 

Out  flue  the  bags  about  afayrs  that  long  a  hording  laye. 

Asid  they  set  thear  townishe  trashe,  and  works  of  gredy  gayen  ; 

And  torned  their  toils  to  sports  and  mirth,  and  warlike  pastimes  playn, 

As  shall  be  seen  to  morn  in  feeld,  that  if  your  Highnes  pleas ; 

Where  dutie  hath  devised  by  art  a  shoe  on  land  and  seas. 

To  other  matter  yet  unknown,  that  shall  explayned  be, 

By  such  dom  sights  and  shoes  of  war  as  thear  your  Grace  shall  se. 

Thus  subjects  means  to  honor  Prince,  whose  sight  they  have  enjoyed  ; 

Most  glad  hit  is  thear  hap  to  have  their  service  so  employd. 

Than.  Faem  flung  up  a  great  garland,  to  the  rejoysing  of  the  beholders. 

At  the  next  gaet,  and  neer  her  Highnes  lodging,  stood  iij  other  Boyes,  called 
Salutacion,  Gratulacion,  and  Obedient  Good  Will  ;  and  ij  of  these  boyes 
spake  as  followe,  and  all  they  three  drue  theyr  swords  when  it  was  named,  the 
hoel  staet  is  reddie  to  defend  (against  all  dissencions)  a  pesable  Prynce  : 

Salutacion,  the  first  Boy. 

All  hayll,  O  Plant  of  Grace,  and  speshall  Sprout  of  Faem, 
Most  welcom  to  this  Western  coest,  O  peril  and  princely  daem. 
As  loe  a  custom  is  whear  humble  subjects  dwels, 
When  Prynce  aprocheth  neer  their  vew  for  joy  to  ring  their  bels. 
So  all  that  beareth  lief  in  Bristow  now  this  day 
Salutes  the  Queen  from  deepth  of  breast  with  welcom  every  way. 
And  wee  poor  silly  boyes,  that  cam  from  skooll  of  laet, 
Rejoyce  and  clap  our  hands  withall,  as  members  of  thy  staet ; 
Our  dueties  heer  to  shoe,  and  further  moer  indeed, 
Thear  is  a  cause  whearfore  we  say  thy  helping  hand  we  need. 
Heer  is,  O  mightie  Queen,  in  way  of  myrth  and  sport, 
A  matter  moud  tween  peace  and  warre,  and  therefore  buylt  a  Fort. 
Dissenshion  breeds  the  brawll,  and  that  is  pomp  and  pried, 
The  fort  on  law  and  order  stands,  and  still  in  peace  would  bied. 
The  warrs  is  wicked  world,  as  by  his  fruet  is  seen  ; 
The  Fortres  representith  Peace,  and  takes  thy  part,  O  Queen. 
It  seems  the  gods  have  sent  in  this  great  quarrel  now 
A  noble  Judge  that  shall  with  speed  decied  the  matter  throw. 


3<?8  THE    ftUEEN's    RECEPTION   AT    BRISTOL,  1574. 

Gratulacion,  the  second  Boy. 

Yea  suer  this  is  a  sien,  that  all  the  gods  above 
Taks  part  with  us,  and  freely  heer  doth  men  and  children  love. 
In  sutch  a  sharp  conflyct  to  send  so  suer  a  staye, 
That  shall  sursease  Bellona's  brags,  and  end  our  fearfull  fray. 
A  sottell  sneak  of  laet,  with  sopple  sugred  words, 
Haeth  sleely  crept  in  brestes  of  men,  and  drawn  out  naked  swords ; 
And  with  his  wrangling  taells  haeth  stored  up  strife  ynoughe, 
And  drawn  the  marchant  from  his  traed,  and  plowman  from  the  ploughe. 
Dissenshion  is  his  naem  that  all  this  mischeef  breeds, 
Who  still  with  drosse  and  Roemish  dregs  blind  people's  humour  feeds, 
And  maks  them  mortal  sick,  and  sway  somtims  asied, 
With  wicked  warrs,  and  wilfull  brawls,  that  should  with  peace  abied. 
But  yet,  O  peerles  Prince,  a  true  and  loyall  flock 
Agaynst  the  prowd  presumptuous  minds  are  bent  to  stand  the  shock  ; 
And  swears  by  sacred  gods,  not  oen  within  this  soyll, 
But  reddy  aer  with  loss  of  lief  to  give  thy  foes  a  foyll. 
For  proof  the  feble  youth,  and  baebs  of  tender  aeg, 
Daer  draw  their  swords  in  this  attempt  to  corb  disorders  raeg. 
Sens  England's  Hoep  is  com,  to  payse  these  things  in  brest, 
We  daer  not  stay  her  longer  heer  whose  travell  craveth  rest. 

Obedient  Good  Will,  the  thyrd  Boy,  who  could  not  speak,  time  was  so  far  spent. 

Yet  if  the  Prince  wold  stay,  or  if  men  might  make  choice 
Of  oen  no  bigger  than  myself,  to  speak  in  Cittie's  voice, 
I  would  declaer  indeed,  what  deep  desier  they  have, 
To  spend  their  goods,  their  lands,  and  lives,  her  staet  in  peace  to  save  ; 
But,  sens  the  time  is  short,  and  Prince  to  lodging  goes, 
I  say,  God  bles  our  (^ueen,  that  gives  the  Whit  and  fayr  Red  Roes. 

After  these  Speeches  wear  ended,  iij  hondreth  soldiers  well  appointed  wayted 
on  her  Highnes  to  her  lodgyng,  and  thear  she  being  settled,  they  shot  of  thear 
peeces  in  passyng  good  order ;  at  which  warnyng  the  great  artillery  went  of,  a 
hundred  and  xxx  cast  peecis  ;  and  so  the  watche  charged,  and  a  hundreth  shot 
apoynted  for  her  gard,  her  Highnes  rested  that  night,  whear  she  lay  all  the  sea- 
son, in  Sir  John  Yong's  house. 


THE    ftUEEN's   RECEPTION   AT   BRISTOL,  1574.  399 

A  Fort  was  made  beyond  the  water  in  a  ground  fit  for  that  purpose,  and  to  the 
saem  as  a  frind  (called  Feeble  Pollecie)  joyned  by  a  littell  Bastillion,  builded  on  a 
hil,  which  was  not  strong  by  reason  of  the  weak  mayntenance  belonging  therunto, 
to  the  which  piel  the  soulders  of  the  main  fort  did  repayre.  Now  must  be  under- 
stood that  Dissension  passying  between  Wars  and  Peace  (warrs  being  placed  in 
sight)  had  certayn  Speeches  as  follows,  which  Speeches  could  not  be  sayd  in  the 
heeryng  of  the  Prynce,  wherefore  they  wear  put  into  a  book,  and  presented  as 
heer  after  you  shall  kno.  Dissencion  to  the  Citie,  to  move  them  to  arms,  hath  his 
Speeches  as  these  things  wear  don  in  action. 

The  Sunday  next  the  Queen  went  to  the  Colledge,  to  hear  a  Sarmon  l,  whear 
thear  was  a  Speech  to  be  sayd  and  an  imme  to  be  songe ;  the  Speech  was  left  out 
by  an  occasson  unlooked  for,  but  the  imme  was  songe  by  a  very  fien  Boye. 

The  Speech  at  the  Colledge. 
You  subjects  that  desierd  to  se  this  gladscm  preshos  jeam, 
Behold  lo  heer  the  only  joye  and  juwell  of  the  ream  ; 
A  Prince  indeed  of  princely  minde,  that  Princes  loves  and  fears, 
Whose  passyng  hed,  yea  all  the  staets,  of  christen  Princis  bears  ; 
And  throughly  sees  and  looks  into,  as  though  a  man  might  say, 
Heer  is  the  toutchstoen  for  the  gold ;  the  pillar,  prop,  and  stay, 
Of  every  region  far  or  neer  that  to  us  neyghbors  aer. 
How  mutch  is  this  poer  Colledg  bound,  in  naked  buildyngs  baer, 
For  to  receyve  so  bright  a  star  as  clouds  can  skarce  contayne, 
Who  for  to  se  so  small  a  sell  hath  taken  so  great  payn. 
The  pieps  and  organs  of  our  harts  shall  yeld  thee  thank  therfore, 
By  sound  of  psalm  and  sollemp  immes,  yea  could  poer  preests  do  moer. 
The  musicke  that  thy  chapel  maks  should  be  so  sweet  and  shrill, 
Might  lull  asleep  the  Musis  all,  and  shaek  Pernasoes  hill. 

The  Songe. 
O  happy  ower  of  blis,  O  Colledg  thou  dost  se, 
The  shado  gon,  the  substance  com,  nay  sun  doth  shien  on  thee. 
Away  you  bosum  snaeks  that  sowes  dissenshion  heer, 
To  make  your  neasts  whear  serpents  breed ;  this  soyll  and  coest  is  clear. 
Enchant  no  man  with  charms  ;  ye  shall  receyve  check  maet, 
If  that  you  play  with  paltring  pawns  before  so  great  a  staet. 

1  This  corroborates  the  remark  made  in  p.  353. 


400  THE    ftUEENS    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,  15/4. 

She  hateth  Hidras  heads,  and  lovs  the  harmles  mind, 
A  foe  to  vice,  a  frend  to  grace,  and  bent  therto  by  kind : 
Which  grace  and  grashos  God  now  gied  her  whear  she  goes, 
With  treble  grace  throw  troblous  time  to  traed  on  all  her  foes. 

A  skafold  the  next  day  was  set  up  full  over  agaynst  the  Fort ;  and  the  Prince 
beynge  placed,  the  Speeches  shold  have  bin  spoken  for  the  better  understanding  of 
the  devised  Triumphe  ;  so  you  must  heer  the  Speeches,  or  els  shal  you  be  ignorant 
of  the  hoel  matter. 

Dissension  to  Peace  (which  was  the  mayn  Fort)  speaketh  in  a  furie  these 
words  that  follow : 

O  People  vayn,  that  spends  in  peace  your  days, 
To  prowl  about  for  pens  and  pivish  pealf, 

And  maks  no  count  of  faem  and  publick  prayes, 
So  each  man  lives  like  Prince  within  himself. 

And  so  posses  the  pleasuers  on  this  mold, 

The  juwels  brave,  the  gay  and  glyttryng  gold, 

You  caer  not  what  great  glory  elders  won, 

Nor  who  at  first  the  worthy  warres  begon. 

You  sleep  and  snort  in  sweet  perfumed  sheets, 

And  hug  your  beds  in  harber  warm  and  gay, 
Whearby  indeed  ye  have  sutch  heavy  spreets, 

You  cannot  se  the  goodly  sunny  day; 

No,  though  the  clouds,  the  son,  the  moen,  and  al 
Wear  reddy  now  upon  your  heds  to  falla 
You  wold  not  move,  nor  seek  yourselves  to  save, 
On  drosse  and  dong  sutch  deep  desiers  you  have. 

You  heer  not  how  the  enmies  at  your  noes 

Aer  up  in  aerms,  and  cawls  your  cowards  still ; 
You  caer  not  mutch  abroed  how  matters  goes, 

When  that  at  hoem  ye  want  no  wealth  nor  will. 
Clap  courage  on,  and  cast  long  gowns  asied, 
Pluk  up  your  harts,  and  fling  down  pomp  and  pried  ; 
Make  idell  hands  and  heds  in  hoels  that  lurk 
For  worthy  lawd,  com  forth  and  learn  to  work. 


THE    QUEEN'S    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,  1574.  401 

A  corslet  fien  is  worth  ten  skarlet  gowns, 
A  blast  of  faem  sormounts  all  things  you  wear; 

Call  lusty  ladds,  to  spend  your  spared  crowns, 
The  warrs  aproetch,  tis  time  the  boys  wear  thear. 

If  you  abied  at  hoem  till  cannons  roer, 

The  plaester  corns  to  laet  to  salve  the  soer, 

Break  downe  the  banks  that  holds  the  waters  in, 

First  strik  thy  foe,  and  so  the  brawll  begin. 

Put  fyer  to  straws,  and  make  the  fornayes  hot, 
And  bid  them  crie  that  borns  thear  fingers  first ; 

Yea  cast  on  wood  to  boyll  the  browes  pot, 
And  let  them  starve  that  wants  to  coell  thear  thirst. 

When  world  is  wield,  and  all  is  set  agog, 

A  mans  a  man,  and  than  a  doggs  a  dogg : 

Advise  you  now,  my  dwelling  is  not  heer; 

I  must  pack  hens,  another  stern  to  steer. 

Now  Dissension  went  to  the  warrs,  which  was  set  out  in  open  vew  (with  all 
orders  of  marshall  manner)  and  spake  as  follows : 

Give  ear,  good  maets,  and  mark  full  well  the  tidings  that  I  bring, 
For  I  will  be  a  larum  bell  that  in  your  earres  shall  ring ; 
A  pestlens  peall  of  rumour  Strang  that  flies  through  many  a  land, 
The  plain  report  whearof  remains  in  me  Dissenshons  hand. 
If  I  keep  does  that  I  do  knoe,  and  stoer  no  clapper  now, 
The  hargaboz,  the  bill,  and  boe,  will  seartch  your  couraeg  throw. 
Trust  this  for  troeth  that  peace  is  bent  to  trus  up  soldiers  all ; 
Wealth  will  no  warrs,  peace  is  so  prowd,  the  people  fears  no  fall. 
They  bragg  and  boest  their  treasurer  can  torn  eatch  thing  as  they  list; 
For  evry  staet  is  wone  with  wealth,  as  hawk  stowps  don  to  fist. 
A  mas  of  gold  will  porchace  peace,  and  maek  wield  wantons  taem  ; 
If  warrs  wear  wod  and  waxed  mad,  and  hot  as  fiery  flaem, 
Peace  ruells  the  earth,  and  wrings  thear  thombs  that  raging  revell  maks  ; 
Yea  play  what  gaem  ye  list  they  saye,  that  peace  doth  swep  the  staeks. 
Peace  is  the  Prince  that  governs  all,  and  saith  a  fig  for  war ; 
Yea  Peace  will  put  you  all  in  pownd,  and  make  you  stand  at  bar. 
vol.  i.  3  F 


402  THE    aUEEN's    RECEPTION    AT   BRISTOL,  1574. 

Peace  calls  you  roges,  and  swashing  dicks,  that  stand  upon  your  braves, 

A  swarm  of  wasps,  a  flok  of  wolvs,  a  neast  of  theevs  and  knaves, 

That  livs  by  spoyll  and  morthers  viell,  and  triumps  still  in  bloed, 

And  have  sutch  hot  and  greedy  minds  you  thirst  for  neibors  goed. 

The  trompets  lowd  that  slaughter  sownds,  and  drums  with  rombling  noyes, 

Was  never  maed  for  man  of  peace,  but  rather  fit  for  boyes. 

They  saye  whoes  childhoed  liks  fond  bruets,  and  lovs  sutch  trifling  toyes, 

Will  you  that  Kingdoms  conquer'd  have,  be  now  subdued  by  Peace, 

Shall  sevill  swains  to  loethsom  gaiell  lead  men  lik  doggs  in  leace  ; 

Shall  pivysh  Peace  and  peple  weak  oercom  the  soldiour  stout ; 

Shall  loytrarrs  lewd  lik  rebells  raill,  and  manhood  wax  a  lout. 

Ah  fie  for  shame,  set  hand  on  sword,  in  your  behalf  I  bloeshe, 

Bid  trompet  sownd,  advance  the  piek,  and  give  prowd  Peace  a  posh. 

On  thoes  words  was  warres  in  sutch  a  stoer  that  you  might  see  the  feeld  all 
over  spred  with  soldiers,  and  so  they  martched  down  a  hill,  and  maed  a  goodly 
shoe  full  against  the  littel  Fort  (called  Feble  Pollecie) ;  and  repolsing  in  all  the 
soldiours  of  the  same,  wan  it  with  great  fury,  and  so  rased  it,  and  overthrow  hit 
down  to  the  earth. 

The  mayn  Fort  in  the  mean  while  did  send  sutch  sucker  as  they  might ;  but 
prevaylyng  not,  they  wear  in  like  sort  driven  back,  and  their  Fort  besieged,  and 
mutch  ado  about  the  saem,  which  drove  out  that  day,  and  then  by  tortch  light 
the  Prince  from  her  skaffold  went  to  her  lodgyng,  and  in  the  mean  season  som 
fierworks  wear  seen,  and  so  the  watch  was  charged. 

The  second  day  was  thear  maed  a  new  aproetch  to  the  mayn  Fort ;  for  a  better 
order  of  warre,  and  to  the  cyde  of  the  Fort,  cam  divers  Gentilmen  of  good 
callynge  from  the  Court,  which  maed  the  shoe  very  gallant,  and  set  out  the 
matter  mutch. 

Now  sarved  the  tied,  and  up  the  water  from  Kyng-road  cam  three  brave  galleys, 
chasing  a  ship  that  cam  with  vittayls  to  the  Fort.  The  Fort  seyng  that  their  extre- 
metie  within  was  great,  sent  a  Gentilman  to  the  Prince  for  aid,  who  brought  her 
a  book  covered  with  green  velvet,  which  uttred  the  whoell  substance  of  this 
device.  The  Gentilman  had  a  Speech  of  his  own  makyng,  as  follows.  After  he 
had  swam  over  the  water  in  som  danger,  does  and  all,  he  speak  his  part  to  the 
Prince. 


THE    GLUEEN'S    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,   1574.  403 

Mr.  John  Robarts,  of  the  Temple. 

Eskaept  from  waltryng  waves,  from  sword  and  fier,  and  enmies  sleight, 
From  storms  and  sturdy  flaws,  from  reoryng  shot  and  fearful  sight, 
I  com  to  quiet  land,  whear  noble  Prince  doth  pastims  vew, 
And  bryng  a  book  in  hand  of  all  the  shows  and  matter  trew 
That  must  by  practies  pas  before  your  Highnes  as  it  fauls  ; 
And  suerly  sent  I  was,  by  those  that  keeps  your  warlike  wauls, 
To  crave  your  curteys  ayd,  in  their  defence  that  peace  desiers, 
Whoes  staet  is  maed  afrayd  by  fals  Dissenshons  kindled  fiers. 
As  your  poer  people  have  throw  peace  possest  great  gayn  and  good  ; 
So  still  sutch  peace  they  crave  as  may  avoyd  the  losse  of  blood. 
As  heer  I  cam  a  mayn,  so  have  I  promesd,  if  I  may, 
For  to  return  agayn  throw  salt  sea  from  the  saem  self  way. 

So  he  departed,  and  all  this  while  the  businesse  was  great  about  the  Fort  (which 
hazarded  the  Gentilman's  lief),  and  in  a  wonders  bravery  the  broyll  continued, 
with  a  shoe  of  fight  on  land  and  sea,  till  the  very  night  approtched,  at  which  time 
the  Prince  partted,  and  stoed  marvelously  well  contented  with  that  she  had  seen. 

Now  you  must  conceyve  that  Warres  (with  blodsheds,  mizeries,  and  other  horly 
borlees)  waxt  a  weery  ;  and  that  neither  the  Fort,  nor  the  wickednes  of  the  World 
(which  warres  represented),  was  desirous  of  further  trobuls,  but  rather  glad  to 
have  the  matter  taken  up  in  any  resonable  condicions,  for  the  which  purpose  was 
devised  that  Perswasion  should  go  and  tell  his  taell,  and  unfold  what  follies  and 
conflicts  rises  in  civill  broyle,  and  what  quietnesse  corns  by  a  mutual  love  and 
agrement.     This  Perswasion  had  a  Speech,  as  hereafter  follows : 

Perswasion  to  the  Citie,  called  the  Main  Fort. 

No  greef  so  great,  nor  soer  so  mutch,  but  finds  at  length  som  rest; 
As  Warres  begins  by  wrath  of  God,  so  Peace  is  counted  blest. 
Yet  Warres  is  suer  a  needfull  thyng,  for  man's  offence  a  scourge, 
A  salve  to  heale  the  sinfull  soule,  and  for  the  staet  a  porge, 
That  skowrs  the  body  of  the  Realm,  and  kyngdoms  all  throwout, 
And  leaves  unseartcht  no  member  suer  that  walks  this  world  about. 
Wear  not  the  woe  that  Warres  doth  bring,  sweet  Peace  should  seem  full  sower, 
The  nettels  sharp,  and  wicked  weeds,  sets  forth  a  pleasant  flower. 


404  THE    ftUEEN's    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,  1574- 

By  sicklies  pangs  we  judge  what  health  and  quiet  rest  is  worth, 

And  out  of  payn  is  pleasuer  found,  as  gold  from  dros  corns  forth. 

The  harms,  the  haps,  and  cruell  claps,  that  warres  and  cannons  brings,, 

Maks  Princis  seek  the  fear  of  God,  and  subjects  kno  thear  kings. 

Thogh  Peace  indeed  dispiseth  Warres,  as  plainnesse  falshed  haets, 

Yet  warlik  people  aer  enbreast,  and  liekt  of  all  estaets. 

The  knief  that  cuts  the  finger  soer  in  sheath  about  is  born  ; 

The  sword  that  takes  away  the  life  makes  peace  whear  it  is  worn. 

The  axe  that  heaweth  down  the  tree  is  needfull  for  man's  life ; 

Thus  prove  I  as  man's  help  or  harms  remains  in  sword  and  knife. 

So  Warres  whear  they  are  used  well  keeps  world  in  fear  and  awe, 

And  shoes  more  terror  by  his  rage  than  all  your  ruells  of  lawe. 

Sens  Cayn  slew  Abell,  warres  hath  bin  'tween  bretheren,  as  we  reed, 

And  soldiors  hath  been  wagid  well,  as  world  of  warres  stoed  need. 

Than  snarr  not  for  the  faem  they  snatch,  nor  brail  to  her  thear  bruet, 

When  broyls  have  sowne  ill  seeds  of  caer,  Peace  reapes  from  warres  good  fruet, 

And  learns  a  lesson  worthy  gold  which  Peace  holds  deer  of  price, 

And  maks  therof  a  mirrour  bright  to  vew  and  sift  out  vice. 

The  battayll  ends  whear  conquest  corns,  and  when  great  charge  is  spent ; 

For  Peace  the  post  with  pakket  goes,  embastars  els  aer  sent, 

To  knit  the  knot,  and  mak  a  leag  ;  thus  all  the  brawls  that  be 

Do  bend  to  Peace,  and  wisdoms  boe,  how  ear  fools  bolts  do  flee. 

Whearfore  agree  with  warres  in  haest,  you  se  what  quarels  aer, 

And  how  that  warres  bryngs  wo  and  waest,  and  leaves  a  kyngdom  baer. 

The  people  spoyld,  the  howsis  bornt,  the  frends  and  neighbour  slayn  ; 

The  giltles  plaegd,  and  eatch  man  wrongd,  whear  rage  and  warre  doth  rayn. 

The  Cities  answer  to  Perswasion. 
Dissention  first  that  cald  to  mind  our  old  foer  fathers  faem, 
And  ript  out  seams  of  patched  prayes,  skarce  worth  the  noet  or  naem, 
Brought  Peace  and  War  in  this  uproar,  our  ruels  sutch  brawl  denies, 
Our  Traed  doth  stand  on  sivill  lief,  and  thear  our  glory  lies ; 
And  not  on  strief,  the  ruen  of  staets,  a  storm  that  all  destroys, 
A  heavy  bondage  to  eatch  hart,  that  Freedom's  fruit  enjoys. 
Our  orders  maks  the  Roister  meek,  and  plucks  the  prowd  on  knees, 
The  stif  and  stobborne  kno  the  yoek,  and  roots  up  rotten  trees, 


THE    QUEEN'S    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,  J  5/4-  405 

That  may  infect  a  fruetfull  feeld  :  what  can  be  sweet  or  sownd, 

But  in  that  soyl  whear  for  offence  is  due  correction  fownd  ? 

Wee  make  the  Sivill  Lawes  to  shien,  and,  by  example  mield, 

Reform  the  rued,  rebuek  the  bold,  and  tame  the  countrey  wyeld. 

We  venter  goods  and  lives,  ye  knoe,  and  travill  seas  and  land, 

To  bring  by  trafick  heaps  of  wealth  and  treasuer  to  your  land. 

We  are  a  stay  and  stoerhouse  boeth  to  kingdoms  farr  and  neer, 

A  eawse  of  plentie  throw  foersyght  whan  things  was  scarce  and  deer. 

And  thoughe  our  joy  be  most  in  peace,  and  peace  we  do  maintain, 

Whearon  to  Prince  and  Realm  throwout  doth  ries  great  welth  and  gain. 

Yet  have  we  Soldyars,  as  you  see,  that  stoers  but  when  we  pleas, 

And  sarvs  our  torns  in  howshold  things,  and  sits  in  shop  at  eas. 

And  yet  daer  blaed  hit  with  the  best,  when  cawse  of  contrey  corns, 

And  cais  out  courage  to  the  fight  by  sound  of  warlike  droms. 

We  marchants  keep  a  mean  unmixt  with  any  jarring  part, 

And  bring  boeth  treble  and  the  baess  in  order  still  by  art. 

A  Souldier  shal  be  liked  well,  if  his  dezarts  be  sutch, 

A  noble  mind  for  noble  acts  shall  suer  be  honord  mutch. 

But  if  men  glory  all  in  warres,  and  peace  disdayns  indeed, 

We  skorn  with  any  siroep  sweet  their  humour  sowre  to  feed. 

And,  blest  be  God,  we  have  a  Prince  by  whom  our  peace  is  kept, 

And  under  whom  this  Citie  long  and  Land  hath  safly  slept ; 

From  whom  likewyes  a  thousand  gifts  of  grace  enjoy  we  do, 

And  feell  from  God  in  this  her  Raygne  ten  thousand  blessings  too. 

Behold  but  how  all  secrets  fien  of  falshood  corns  to  light 

In  these  her  dayes,  and  God  taks  part  with  her  in  troeth  and  right. 

And  mark  how  mad  Dissenshon  thrives,  that  would  set  warres  abroetch, 

Who  sets  to  saell  poor  peoples  lives,  and  gets  but  vill  reproetch 

And  endless  shaem  for  all  their  sleights.     O  England,  joy  with  us, 

And  kis  the  steps  whear  she  doth  traed,  that  keeps  her  country  thus 

In  Peace  and  rest,  and  perfait  stay ;  whearfore  the  God  of  Peace, 

In  Peace,  by  Peace,  our  Peace  presarve,  and  her  long  lief  encrease. 

This  was  to  be  don  and  put  in  exersies  befoer  the  Queen  cam  to  the  knitting 
up  of  the  matter ;  but  Perswasion  beyng  dismist,  the  battry  was  planted  befoer  the 
Fort,  and  they  within  so  straitly  enclosed,  that  they  must  needs  abied  the  mercy 


406  THE    QUEEN'S    RECEPTION    AT    BRISTOL,   1574. 

of  the  sword  and  cannon.  At  which  instant,  in  the  afternoon  that  present  day, 
the  Prince  was  in  her  skaffold  to  beholde  the  successe  of  these  offers  of  Warre ;  and 
so  went  the  Battry  of,  and  the  assaut  was  given  in  as  mutch  order  as  might  be;  the 
Enemie  was  three  times  repolsed,  and  beholdyng  nue  suckors  commyng  from  the 
Courte  to  the  Forts  great  comfort,  the  Enemye  agreed  on  a  parley,  whearin  was  re- 
hersyd  that  the  Cortain  was  beaten  down,  and  the  Fort  maed  sawtable ;  and  yet  the 
Enemye,  to  save  the  lives  of  good  Citizens  and  soldiors  thereof,  would  give  them  leave 
to  depart  with  bag  and  bagaeg,  as  orders  of  warres  required.  To  the  which  the 
Fort  maed  answer,  that  the  Cortayns  nor  bulwarks  was  not  their  defence,  but  the 
corrage  of  good  peple,  and  the  force  of  a  mighty  Prince  (who  saet  and  beheld  aH 
these  doyngs),  was  the  thyng  they  trusted  to,  on  which  answer  the  Enemie  retired, 
and  so  condicions  of  peace  were  drawn  and  agreed  of;  at  which  peace  both  the 
sides  shot  of  their  artillery,  in  sien  of  a  triumphe,  and  so  crying  "  God  save  the 
Queen,"  these  triumphes  and  warlik  pastimes  finished.  The  Prince,  liking  the 
handlyng  of  these  causes  verie  well,  sent  ij  hundreth  crowns  to  make  the  souldiors 
a  banket.  Now  heer  is  to  be  considered  that  the  Prince  went  into  the  gallees, 
and  so  down  to  Kyngroed,  aer  these  things  wear  brought  to  an  end. 


A  worthy  Dittie,  song  before  the  Queen's  Majestie  at  Bristow1. 

Mistrust  not  troth  that  truely  meanes,  for  every  jelous  freke, 
Insteade  of  wronge  condemne  not  right,  no  hidden  wrath  to  wreke : 
Looke  on  the  light  of  faultlesse  life,  how  bright  her  virtues  shine, 
And  measure  out  her  steppes  eche  one,  by  level  and  by  line. 

Deeme  eche  desert  by  upright  gesse,  whereby  your  prayse  shal  live, 
If  malice  would  be  match  with  might,  let  hate  no  judgement  geve  : 
Enforce  no  feare  with  wresting  wittes,  in  quiet  conscience  brest, 
Lend  not  your  eares  to  busie  tongues  which  breedeth  much  unrest. 

In  doubtfull  driftes  made  not  to  farre,  it  weeries  but  the  mind, 
Seeke  not  to  search  the  secret  harts  whose  thoughtes  are  hard  to  find : 
Avoide  from  you  those  hatefull  heads  that  helpes  to  heape  mishapp, 
Be  slowe  to  heare  the  flatterers  voyce  which  creepeth  in  your  lapp. 

1  Not  in  Churchyard's  Pamphlet;  but  here  copied  from  the  Paradise  of'Daynty  Devises,  1576, 


THE    aUEEN's    DEPARTURE    FROM    BRISTOL,   15J4-  407 

Embrace  their  love  that  wills  you  good,  and  sport  not  at  their  praise, 
Trust  not  too  much  unto  your  selfe,  for  feeble  are  your  staies : 
Howe  can  your  seate  be  setled  fast,  or  stand  on  stedfast  ground, 
So  propped  up  with  hollowe  hartes,  whose  suertie  is  unsound. 

Geve  faith  to  those  that  feare  for  love,  and  not  that  love  for  feare, 
Regard  not  them  that  force  compels  to  please  you  every  where : 
All  this  well  waide  and  borne  away,  shall  stablish  long  your  state, 
Continually  with  perfect  peace,  in  spite  of  puffing  hate. 
Finis.     D.  S.  [i.  e.  Daniel  or  David  Sand.] 


At  her  Highnes  departuer,  a  Gentilman  in  the  confiens  of  the  Town's  Liberties 
spaek  this  Speech  that  follows  : 

The  dolfull  a  Due, 
Our  joy  is  joynd  with  grevous  groens,  our  triumphe  tornd  to  tears  ; 
The  brantch  whose  blosoms  gladnes  broght  a  bitter  berry  bears. 
In  house  and  street  whear  mirth  was  hard  is  moen  and  moorning  noies, 
The  Sommer  day  is  dimd  with  clowds,  eclypsed  are  our  joyes. 
The  loedstar  leavs  our  wished  cowrs,  and  dims  the  heavens  hie  ; 
Our  sofrant  will  no  longer  lord  in  walls  of  Bristow  lye. 
No  marvell  sins  our  barrain  soyl,  and  ground  of  groes  devyce, 
Haeth  yelded  nothing  that  might  pleas  a  Prince  of  so  great  price. 
Our  deuties  are  not  half  discharged,  no  thoghe  we  kist  the  ground, 
And  prostraet  fall  full  flat  on  face  whear  her  footsteps  are  found. 
The  Persian  daer  not  cast  up  eies,  nor  look  upon  thear  King  ; 
Shall  Christians  then  presuem  to  preace  on  sutch  a  sacred  thyng, 
And  sho  no  part  of  duties  bownds,  O  God  forbid  I  say ; 
But  that  the  Lords  Anointed  should  be  honor'd  evry  way. 
Long  loekt  this  Citie  for  a  Prince,  long  sens  and  many  a  year, 
A  King  or  Queen  beheld  this  Town,  short  tyme  she  taryes  heer. 
Good  fortuen  follow  thee,  O  Queen,  and  gied  thy  doings  all, 
A  world  of  threfold  blessed  happ  upon  thy  Kingdom  fall. 
As  loeth  to  taek  our  heavy  leave,  as  leave  our  lives  indeed. 
A  due,  deer  Lady  of  this  Land.     The  living  Lord  thee  speed ! 

Some  of  these  Speeches  could  not  be  spoken,  by  means  of  a  Scholemaister, 
who  envied  that  any  stranger  should  set  forth  these  Shows. 


408  THE    61UEEN    AT    LONG-LEAT,    AND    AT    SIR    H.  CHARlNGTON's,   1575- 


In  Lord  Burghley's  Diary,  the  following  entries  occur : 

"  1574,  August. .  .  Erie  of  Oxford1  retourned;  and  he  and  I  went  to  the 
Queen's  Majesty  to  Bristol. — 21.  The  accord  at  Bristol  between  the  Commis- 
sioners David  Lewes  and  William  Aubry  for  the  Queen's  Majesty,  and  the 
King  of  Spayn  for  restitution  of  the  goods  arrested  1568." 

In  her  road  from  Bristol  the  Queen  favoured  Sir  Thomas  Thynn2,  by  a  Visit 
at  Long-leat ;  and  afterwards  Sir  Henry  Charington  had  a  similar  honour. 


Her  Majesty's  subsequent  Entertainment  at  Wilton  is  to  be  found  in  the 
following  Extract  from  Sir  Rice  Merricke's  "  Antiquities  of  Glamorganshire,"  and 
an  unpublished  MS.  written  in  1578,  formerly  in  the  Library  of  Mr.  Anstis3. 

"  Henry  [second]  Earle  of  Pembroch4,  his  eldest  son,  succeeded  his  father  therein, 
andenjoyeth  the  same  [viz.  the  Castle  of  Cardiff,  with  all  the  signiory  and  royalties 
thereto  appertaining,  &c]  at  this  present,  who  hath  bestowed  great  reparations 
upon  the  sayd  Castle  of  Cardiff.  This  Earl  and  the  Countess  his  wife5,  accom- 
panyed  with   her   Brother  the  Lord  Talbott6  and  his  Lady,  and  divers  other 

1  See  before,  pp.  329.  379. 

a  "The  great  and  suddain  wealth  of  this  Knight,  being  envied  by  a  great  Earl  and  Privy  Councellour 
neighbouring  on  his  Estate,  caused  his  summons  before  the  Counsel-table,  to  answer  how  in  so  short 
a  time  he  had  gotten  so  large  possessions.  Some  suggested  as  if  he  had  met  with  Treasure  Trove,  or 
used  some  indirect  means  to  inrich  himself.  The  Knight  calmly  gave  in  the  unquestionable  particu- 
lars of  the  bottom  he  began  on,  the  accrewment  by  his  marriage,  and  with  what  was  advanced  by  his 
industry  and  frugality,  so  bringing  all  up  within  the  View  (though  not  the  Touch)  of  his  present 
Estate.  '  For  the  rest,  my  Lords,'  said  he,  '  you  have  a  good  Mistris  our  gracious  Queen ;  and  I 
had  a  good  Master,  the  Duke  of  Somerset.'  Which  being  freely  spoken,  and  fairly  taken ;  he  was 
dismissed  without  further  trouble.  Nor  were  his  means  too  big  for  his  birth,  if  descended  (as  Cam- 
den saith)  from  the  ancient  family  of  the  Bottevils."     Fuller's  Worthies,  Wells. 

3  Communicated  by  the  late  Mr.  Barak  Longmate. 

4  Who  succeeded  to  that  title  on  the  death  of  his  Father,  in  1569,  was,  in  January  1571-2,  one  of 
the  Peers  on  the  trial  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  as  likewise  in  29  Eliz.  on  that  of  the  Queen  of  Scots, 
On  May  20,  1574,  he  was  installed  a  Knight  of  the  most  noble  Order  of  the  Garter,  and  in  1586, 
was  made  President  of  the  Council  in  the  Marches  of  Wales.  He  died  at  his  seat  at  Wilton,  January 
19th  1600-1,  and  was  buried  in  the  Cathedral  of  Salisbury. 

5  Catharine,  the  Earl's  second  Lady,  and  Daughter  of  George  Earl  of  Shrewsbury.  Early  in  1575, 
the  Queen  humanely  paid  great  attention  to  this  Lady,  on  her  death-bed,  at  the  Earl  of  Pembroke's 
mansion  in  London  ;  see  p.  416. 

6  Francis  Lord  Talbot,  who  married  Anne,  daughter  of  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
father  of  Earl  Henry  here  mentioned  j  and  died  without  issue,  in  her  father's  life-time,  1582. 


THE    GlUEEN's    ENTERTAINMENT    AT    WILTON,   1574.  409 

honourable  and  worshipfull  personages,  were  honourably  receaved  into  Wales  by 
the  most  part  of  the  Gentlemen  of  Glamorgan  and  Monmouthshyres,  and  with 
like  entertainement  brought  to  the  Castle  of  Cardiff";  where,  keeping  a  very 
honourable  and  a  sumptuous  house  to  all  commers,  they  continued  by  the  space 

of ;    sometymes    riding    abroad   visiting   their   friends,    and    viewing   the 

countrey  ;  and  after  returning  to  Bristow,  came  agayne  to  Wilton. 

"  The  Oueenes  Majesty  returning  from  Bristow  in  her  Progresse  anno  xvi  of 
her  Majestyes  Raigne,  the  3d  day  of  September,  being  Friday,  her  Highnesse 
was  receaved  by  the  same  Earle,  accompanyed  with  many  of  his  honourable  and 
worshipfull  friends,  on  a  fayre,  large,  and  playne  hill,  called  .  .  .  about  five  miles 
from  Wilton,  having  a  good  band  of  men  in  all  their  livery  coates,  to  the  number 
of  ...  .  men  well  horsed  ;  who  being  placed  in  one  ranke,  in  order,  one  from 
another  about  seaven  foot,  and  about  fifteene  foot  from  the  highway,  occupyed 
a  great  way;  and  another  ranke  of  the  Earl's  Gentlemen  servants,  to  the  number 

of about  a  stone's  cast  behinde  their  masters  stood  on  horsebacke  in  like 

order.  And  when  the  Queenes  Majesty  had  ridden  beyond  the  furthermost  of 
the  Earles  men,  those  that  began  the  ranke,  by  three  and  three,  rode  another  way 
homeward  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  and  in  like  order  the  rest  followed,  and  lastly  the 
Gentiemens  servants  ;  so  that  the  Queenes  Grace  stayed  on  the  southerne  hill 
untill  all  were  past,  looking  and  viewing  them  as  they  past  by ;  and  when  her 
Majesty  entered  in  att  the  outer  gate  of  Wilton  House,  a  peale  of  ordnance  was 
discharged  on  Roulingtoun  ;  and  without  the  inner  gate  the  Countesse,  with 
divers  Ladyes  and  Gentlewomen,  meekly  received  her  Highnesse.  This  utter 
court  was  beset  on  bothe  sides  the  way  with  the  Earles  men  as  thicke  as  could  be 
standing  one  by  another,  through  which  lane  her  Grace  passed  in  her  chariott, 
and  lighted  at  the  inner  gate.  Her  Highnesse  lay  at  Wilton  House  that  Friday 
night,  the  Saturday  and  Sunday  nights  following;  and  on  Munday  after  dinner 
her  Grace  removed  to  Salisbury ;  during  all  which  tyme  her  Majesty  was  boeth 
merry  and  pleasant. 

"On  the  Saturday  her  Highnesse  had  appoynted  to  hunt  in  Claryngdon  Parke 

where  the  said  [Earl]  had  prepared  a  very  faire  and  a  pleasant  banquett 

leaves  for  her  to  dyne  in ;  but  that  day  happened  soe  great  raine,  that  although  it  was 
fenced  with  arras,  yet  it  could  not  defend  the  wett,  by  meanes  whereof  the  Queen 
dyned  within  the  Lodge,  and  the  Lords  dyned  in  the  Banquett-house ;  and  after 
dinner  the  rayne  ceased  for  a  while,  during  which  tyme  many  deare  coursed  with 
greyhounds  were  overturned;  soe,  as  the  tyme  served,  great  pleasure  was  shewed." 

VOL.  I.  ^  G 


410  THE    aUEEN    AT    SALISBURY,  AND    AT    FOTHERINGAY. 

From  Willton  the  Queen  proceeded  to  the  City  of  Salisbury  ;  and  on  the  5th 
of  September  the  Earl  of  Leicester  writes,  that  "  the  Queen's  health  was  much 
better;  and  hath  so  hitherto  overpast  her  Progresse,  being  now  reternyd  as  far  as 
Salisbury  omwards  I." 

The  only  further  notice  that  I  have  found  of  this  Royal  Visit  is  in  the  following 
extract  from  a  MS  List  of  the  Mayors  of  New  Sarum2. 

u  A.  D.  1574.  Henry  Newman  Mayor.  Then  the  Queene  came  to  this  City 
in  Progress  ;  and  the  River  Thames  ebbed  and  flowed  twise  in  an  hour;  alsoe  in 
November,  the  clouds  flamed  with  fire  streaming  from  the  north  into  the  south  ; 
and  the  next  night  the  heavens  seemed  to  burne,  the  flames  rising  from  the 
horizon  round  about,  and  meeting  in  the  vertical  pointe." 


Fotheringay  has  been  distinguished  beyond  any  other  place  in  Britain,  except 
the  Capital,  by  the  aggravated  misfortunes  of  Royalty.  And  had  this  ancient 
Town  been  known  only  by  the  splendid  foundation  of  that  great  Prince,  Edmund 
of  Langley,  whose  grandson  aspired  to  the  Throne  of  this  Kingdom,  and  which 
his  great-grandson  Edward  the  Fourth,  by  a  more  fortunate  turn  of  affairs,  actually 
ascended,  it  would  have  claimed  the  regard  of  the  Historian. 

Queen  Elizabeth  was  at  least  once  at  Fotheringay.  The  exact  period  cannot 
be  ascertained  :  but  it  was  probably  in  one  of  her  Visits  to  Stamford3. 

1  Lodge,  vol.  II.  p.  121. 

2  The  following  entries  are  taken  from  the  same  MS. : 

"  1585.  Then  the  King  of  Portugal  came  to  this  City,  and  supped  with  the  Mayor ;  also 
tobacco  was  brought  into  England. 

"  1591.     Then  the  Queen  came  to  Southampton. 

"  1602.  Then  King  James  began  his  reigne  the  24th  of  March,  and  he  came  to  the  City  in 
Progress  5  and  by  reason  of  the  sicknesse  in  London  he  returned  back  again  to  this  City,  and  kept  his 
Court  with  the  Queen  and  Prince  Henry  at  Wilton  House  seven  weeks,  and  then  returned  againe  to 
London  fourteen  days  before  Christmas." 

3  When  Queen  Elizabeth  came  to  Fotheringay  in  one  of  her  Progresses,  she  observed  the  graves  of 
her  ancestors,  the  Dukes  of  York,  neglected  amongst  the  ruins  of  the  choir.  She  therefore  ordered 
their  bodies  should  be  removed  into  the  present  Church,  and  deposited  on  each  side  the  Communion- 
table; giving  directions,  at  the  same  time,  to  her  Treasurer,  that  monuments  should  be  erected  to 
their  memory.  These  monuments  are  a  specimen  of  the  bad  taste  of  that  age ;  they  are  composed  of 
fluted  Corinthian  columns,  supporting  a  frieze  and  cornice,  ornamented  with  the  falcon  and  fetter- 
lock ;  a  border  of  scroll-work,  bearing  grotesque  heads  and  interlaced  with  fruit  and  flowers,  sur- 
rounds an  escutcheon  on  a  tablet  surmounted  by  a  ducal  coronet.  That  on  the  South  side  bears 
France  and  England  quarterly,  with  a  label  of  five  points,  for  Edward,  Duke  of  York,  the  founder, 


GRIEVOUS    EXTORTION    OF    PURVEYORS,   1574.  411 

i(  In  1574,  and  again  in  1576*,  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  who  was  Master  of  the 
Horse  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  issued  his  warrant  to  compel  the  furnishing  horses  for 
her  Progress  ;  and  by  a  letter  only,  ordered  the  Knight  Marshal  to  apprehend 
and  punish  all  such  as  one  Middleton,  a  Surveyor  of  the  Stables,  should  inform 
not  to  have  done  their  duty  in  furnishing  provisions  for  the  stables1. 

"  In  this  Queen's  time  great  complaints  were  made  by  the  City  of  London,  that 
the  Purveyors  took  the  first  carts  they  could  find,  and  frightened  away  those  from 
the  country  that  used  to  bring  provisions;  whereupon  a  regulation  was  made, 
that  the  carts  in  London,  and  resorting  to  it,  should  serve  the  Queen  four  times 
in  a  year,  and  the  management  was  given  to  the  Governors  of  Christ's  Hospital  2. 

who  was  killed  at  Agincourt ;  on  the  cornice  beneath  was  formerly  this  inscription : — '  Edwardus 
Dux  Eboraci  occisus  erat  anno  tertio  regni  Henrici  jQuinti,  anno  Domini  1415."  Bonney's  History 
of  Fotheringay,  1821,  p.  62. — Leland  says,  "  The  Bridg  to  Fotheringay  over  Avon  is  of  timber."  That 
Bridge  was  rebuilt  of  stone  by  Queen  Elizabeth.  It  is  of  four  arches,  covered  with  wood,  and  stone 
laid  upon  it,  partly  walled  and  partly  railed  in.  On  the  right-hand,  as  you  enter  the  bridge  from 
Fotheringay,  is  a  stone  tablet  with  this  inscription  :  "  This  bridge  was  made  by  Queen  Elysabeth  in 
the  15  yereof  her  Reygne  A<>  Dni  1573."  Above  is,  "  God  save  the  Queen  j"  and  in  a  round  over  it 
"  E.  R."  with  a  knot  between.  The  Grammar-school  was  founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  with  a  yearly 
salary  of  s^.20,  paid  out  of  the  Exchequer.  The  Master  hath  -a  dwelling-house  in  the  church-yard, 
and  right  of  common  for  four  cows.     Bridges's  Northamptonshire,  vol.  II.  pp.  449,  456. 

1  Mr.  Bray,  in  Archseologia,  vol.  VIII.  p.  334,  &  seq.  from  Philips,  p.  201. 

2  "  In  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  some  of  the  counties,  to  avoid  the  trouble 
they  had  in  procuring  their  money  for  goods  taken  by  the  purveyors,  which  was  not  a  little,  by 
reason  of  the  many  offices,  cheques,  entries,  and  comptrolments,  through  which  the  accounts  were 
to  pass,  petitioned  her  to  accept  the  value  in  money,  to  be  yearly  paid  by  the  Counties.  Philips  says, 
she  would  not  hearken  to  this,  but  did  afterwards  come  to  an  agreement  what  proportion  several 
Counties  should  yearly  serve,  in  oxen,  calves,  muttons,  poultry,  corn,  &c.  and  that  these  agreements 
continued  all  her  Reign,  and  that  of  James  the  First.  In  settling  these,  the  remote  Counties 
which  had  less  benefit  by  the  royal  residence,  bore  very  little;  the  Counties  adjacent  to  the  metro- 
polis took  the  principal  share,  which  Philips  says  they  could  well  afford,  as  their  rents  in  the  time  of 
Charles  I.  were  improved  to  twenty  times  more  than  they  were  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  VII.  and  ten 
times  more  than  they  were  in  the  18th  of  Elizabeth."  "  But  though  Elizabeth  would  not  grant  the 
request  of  the  Counties  to  take  money  instead  of  provisions,  she  hanged  one  of  her  Purveyors,  in  her 
thirty-second  year,  for  forcibly  taking  provisions  without  paying  for  them.  Prosecutions  were  also 
carried  on  in  the  Star-Chamber  against  some  of  her  Purveyors  j  but  she  ordered  Sir  Thomas  Egerton, 
the  Lord  Keeper,  to  stop  the  proceedings  there,  as  an  encroachment  on  the  Prerogative  Royal  in  her 
Househokhand  commanded  that  the  matter  should  be  heard  before  the  Lord  Buckhurst,  Lord  Treasurer, 
the  Earl  of  Nottingham,  Lord  High  Admiral,  Sir  John  Fortescue,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  (Com- 
missioners for  Houshold  causes),  Sir  William  Knollys,  Comptroller  of  the  Houshold,  and  the  rest  of 
the  Officers  of  the  Green  Cloth,  in  the  compting-house;  and  the  cause  was  heard  there  accordingly." 
(Records  of  the  Green  Cloth.) — See  further  on  this  subject  under  the  year  1591. 


412  NEW-YEARS    GIFTS    PRESENTED    TO    THE    &UEEN    IN    1574-5- 

Newyeres-giftes  geven  to  her  Majestie,  in  15/4-5,  and  chardged  upo?i 

the  Ladye  Howarde. 

Fyrst,  a  doublet  of  white  satten  garnished  with  goldsmith's  worke,  and  sett  with 
xvni  very  fayrepayreof  claspes  of  goldsmithes  worke  enamuled,  every  paire  of  them 
set  with  fyve  diamondes  and  eight  rubyes,  one  diamonde  in  every  paire  bigger  than 
the  rest,  one  of  the  smaller  dyamondes  lacking,  with  a  fayre  pasmayne  lace  of 
damaske  golde  and  damaske  silver.     Geven  by  therle  of  Lecetor. 

Item,  a  very  fayre  juell  of  gold,  contayning  a  woman  holding  a  shippe  of  sparks 
of  diamondes,  upon  her  knee  ;  the  same  fully  garnished  with  sparcks  of  dyamonds, 
foure  fayre  rubyes,  one  large  dyamond,  and  sundrye  dyamondes  with  three  perles 
pendante ;  and  three  small  cheynes  of  golde  sett  with  sparcks  of  dyamonds. 
Geven  by  therle  of  Oxforde,  6  oz.  3  qa. 

Item,  a  girdle  of  blacke  vellate,  the  buckells  and  studdes  of  golde  being  broken. 
The  same  girdell  set  with  15  emeraldes  and  3  pearles,  all  sett  in  collets  of  golde. 
Geven  by  therle  of  Warwiche. 

Item,  a  juell  of  golde  being  a  tablet  conteyning  a  woman  called  sapient  vic- 
trix  garnished  with  dyvers  stones,  and  sparcks  of  rubyes  and  dyamonds,  with 
three  emeraldes  and  seven  pearles.     Geven  by  the  Lorde  Howarde.  2  oz.  dim.  qa. 

Item,  a  juell,  being  a  grayhounde  of  golde  sett  with  3  dyamonds  and  3  rubyes, 
with  a  collar  about  his  necke  garnished  with  sparcks  of  dyamonds  and  a  smale 
perle  pendaunte,  1  oz.  dim  qa.  Geven  by  the  Ladye  Howarde.  [The  same 
delivered  to  her  Majestie  at  Kyllingworth,  to  give  to  Sir  John  Hyboie,  Knight, 
theare.] 

Item,  an  eare-picke  of  golde  enamuled,  garnished  with  sparcks  of  rubyes,  blue 
saphires,  and  seede  perle  ;  dim.  oz.  dim.  qa.     Geven  by  the  Lord  Straunge. 

Item,  two  emeraldes  pendante  peice  fassion,  for  eare  rings,  hanged  in  golde. 
Geven  by  the  Ladye  Pagitt  Care. 

Item,  a  fare  juell  of  golde,  containing  three  personages,  as  Mars,  Venus,  and 
Cupido,  fully  garnished  with  sparcks  of  dyamondes  and  rubyes,  with  three  eme- 
raldes, one  ruby  bigger  than  the  rest,  and  one  round  perle  pendaunte  with  shorte 
cheynes  of  golde,  all  2  oz.  scante.  Geven  by  the  Ladye  Cheyney.  The  same  faire 
jeull  geven  by  her  Majestie  to  the  Ladye  Carye,  Sir  George  Cart/e's  wife. 

Item,  a  flower  of  golde  enamuled  greene,  with  three  white  roses,  in  either  of 
them  a  sparcke  of  rubyes,  and  the  midest  thearof  a  flye,  and  a  smale  cheyne  of 
golde  to  hange  it  by,  being  broken,  1  oz.  qa.     Geven  by  Mrs.  Blaunche  Parrye. 

Item,  a  smale  picture  of  stone  plated  over  with  golde  plate  verye  thinne,  in 
a  round  box  of  wood.     Geven  by  Mrs.  Henage. 

Item,  a  paire  of  braceletts  of  golde,  with  7  round  agathes  in  eche  of  them, 
sett  in  roses  of  golde  enamuled  white,  and  eche  of  them  7  troches  of  ragged  perle, 
Geven  by  Maistre  Henage. 


NEW-YEAR'S    GIFTS    IN    1574-5. DRESS    OF   A    PAGE.  413 

Item,  a  very  fayre  juell  of  golde,  being  a  byrde ;  in  the  breast  thearof  is  a 
fayre  dyamonde  lozengie,  beneath  a  fayre  rubye,  above  it  is  three  emeraldes,  and 
all  the  rest  of  the  juell  wings,  and  all  is  garnished  with  sparcks  of  dyamondes 
and  rubyes  and  a  pomander  in  it,  with  a  blewe  saphire  pendaunte.  Geven  by 
Mr.  Hatton,  Capitayne  of  the  Garde.  6  oz. 

Item,  a  juell  of  agathe  garnished  with  gold,  with  a  tortowse  sett  with  smale 
sparcks  of  rubyes.     Geven  by  Charles  Smythe. 

Item,  a  very  smale  fountayne  of  golde  with  ower  in  it,  enamuled,  being  a  pen- 
daunte, and  a  ravyn  in  the  midest,  with  a  smale  perle  pendaunte.  Geven  by 
Edward  Shetes. 

Item,  a  cheyne  of  golde  enamuled  greene,  with  two  nutmeggs  of  lyke.  Geven 
by  Mrs.  Townesende.  2  oz.  3  qa- 

Item,  oone  litel  traye  or  bolle  of  golde  set  upon  4  small  bolles  of  golde,  a 
lion  graven  in  the  midest  thearof.  Geven  to  her  Majestie  by  the  Countes  of 
Salop.   11  oz.  qa. 

Item,  one  cup  of  cristall  with  a  cover,  glasse  fation,  garnished  with  golde 
slitely.   19  oz.  3  qa. 


***  The  following  undated  Order  of  Council,  describing  the  dress  of  a  page  in  the  reign  of  (Queen 
Elizabeth,  was  copied  from  the  Original  in  the  Library  of  the  late  Thomas  Astle,  Esq. 

These  are  to  praye  and  requier  you  to  make  p'sent  serch  within  your  ward  and  charges  p'sently  to 
macke  yew  and  cry  for  a  yong  stripling  of  the  age  of  xxij  yeres,  the  coler  of  his  aparell  as  foloweth  : 
One  Doblet  of  yelow  million  Fustion  th'one  halfe  therof  buttoned  with  Peche  Color  Hose  laced  with 
smale  Tawnye  lace  a  graye  Hat  with  a  Copper  edge  rounde  aboute  it  with  a  bande  p'cell  of  the  same 
Hart  a  payer  of  *  watched  Stockings.  Likewise  he  hath  twoe  clokes  th'one  of  Vessey  Collor  garded 
with  twoe  gardes  of  black  Clothe  and  twisted  lace  of  Carnacion  Colour  and  lyned  with  Crymsone 
Bayes  and  th'other  is  a  Red  Shipp  russet  Colour  striped  about  the  Cape  and  downe  the  fore  face 
twisted  with  twoe  rows  of  twisted  lace  russet  and  gold  buttons  afore  and  uppon  the  Sholdier  being  of 
the  Clothe  itselfe  set  with  the  said  twisted  lace  and  the  buttons  of  russet  silke  and  golde.  This 
youthes  name  is  Gilbert  Edwodd  and  Page  to  Sr  Valentine  Browne  Knight,  who  is  run  awaye  this 
fowerth  daye  of  Januarie  with  theis  parcells  followeing :  viz.  A  Chaine  of  Wyer  worke  golde  with  a 
button  of  the  same  and  a  small  Ringe  of  Golde  at  it,  two  flagging  Chaines  of  Golde  th'one  being 
marked  with  theis  letters  v.  and  b.  uppon  the  lock  and  th'other  with  a  little  broken  jewell  at  it,  One 
Carkanet  of  Pearle  and  Jasynits  thereto  hanginge,  a  Jewell  like  a  Marimade  of  gold  enameled  the 

tyle  therof  being  sett  with  diamonds  the  bellye  of    the made  with  a   Ruby  and  the  shilde  a 

Diamond,  the  Cheine  of  golde  whereon  it  hangeth  is  set  with  smale  Diamonds  and  Rubyes,  and 
certeyne  Money  in  golde  and  white  Money.  Burghlye.         Warwick. 

HlJNSDONE.  HOWARDE. 

*  Blue. 


414  the  queen's  visits  to  dr.  dee  at  mortlake. 

1575- 

Queen  Elizabeth's  Visits  at  the  house  of  Dr.  John  Dee  *,  at  Mortlake  in  Surrey, 
were  frequent,  though  the  precise  dates  of  many  of  some  are  not  recollected. 

Early,  however,  in  1575,  her  Majesty,  with  several  of  the  Nobility,  came 
to  the  Doctor's  house,  with  an  intention  of  seeing  his  Library ;  but,  hearing 
that    his    wife   was    dead,   they    did    not  enter  the    house.      Dee  attended    her 

1  Of  this  celebrated  Astrologer,  who  was  born  in  London  in  1527,  the  personal  history  is  remark- 
able. He  was  the  son  of  Rowland  Dee,  Gentleman  Sewer  to  King  Henry  VIII.  At  the  age  of  15, 
he  was  entered  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  applied  himself  to  his  studies  with  such  dili- 
gence that  he  allowed  only  four  hours  for  sleep,  and  two  for  his  meals  and  and  recreation.  He  went 
abroad  in  1547,  to  converse  with  learned  men,  particularly  mathematicians;  and  on  his  return,  the 
next  year,  was  elected  Fellow  of  his  College,  and  made  under-reader  of  the  Greek  language.  He  soon 
again  visited  the  Continent ;  and  read  several  lectures  at  Paris  on  Euclid's  Elements.  He  was  after- 
wards patronized  by  King  Edward  VI.  ;  and  in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Mary  was  imprisoned  on  suspicion 
of  treasonable  designs,  and  narrowly  escaped  the  stake.  But  Queen  Elizabeth,  on  her  accession  to 
the  throne,  immediately  received  him  under  her  protection  ;  and  appointed  him,  though  a  layman, 
to  the  Deanry  of  Gloucester,  of  which,  however,  he  never  got  possession.  He  himself  avers  that  the 
Queen  promised  him,  "  that  where  her  brother  gave  him  a  crown,  she  would  give  him  a  noble."  The 
instances  of  her  attachment  to  him  were  striking  and  numerous  ;  and  certainly  prove  either  that  she 
was  indebted  to  him  for  real,  or  that  he  duped  her  by  magnifying  the  importance  of  imaginary  ser- 
vices. We  have  his  own  authority  for  stating  that  he  had  been  employed  to  determine,  according  to 
the  opinion  of  the  antient  astrologers,  what  day  would  be  most  fortunate  for  Elizabeth's  coronation, 
and  that  he  was  some  time  after  sent  for,  to  counteract  the  ill  effects  which  it  was  apprehended  would 
befall  the  Queen,  from  a  waxen  image  of  her  Majesty  stuck  full  of  pins,  which  had  been  picked  up 
in  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 

In  1583,  after  having  involved  himself  in  extreme  difficulty  by  his  jugglings  and  incantations,  Dr. 
Dee  was  obliged  to  quit  the  kingdom,  and  took  shelter  first  in  Poland,  and  afterwards  in  Germany ; 
till  in  1589,  being  then  in  Bohemia,  the  Queen  commanded  him  to  return  ;  and  on  his  arrival  in 
England,  he  waited  upon  her  Majesty  at  Richmond,  and  was  very  generously  received,  she  assuring 
him  "  that  he  might  rely  upon  her  protection  in  the  prosecution  of  his  studies."  It  is  the  opinion 
of  some  writers  that  he  was  employed  by  the  Queen  as  a  spy  5  Lilly  avers,  that  he  was  her  "  Intelli- 
gencer j"  and  some  have  gone  so  far  as  to  suppose  that  all  the  notes  of  his  pretended  conversation 
with  spirits  were,  in  fact,  political  intelligence,  couched  in  cyphers.  Having  been  in  England  three 
years  without  reaping  any  advantage  from  the  promise  which  had  been  made  him,  he  was  induced  to 
present  a  petition  to  the  Queen,  praying  that  she  would  appoint  commissioners  to  enquire  into  the 
losses  and  injuries  which  he  had  sustained,  the  services  he  had  done  to  her  Majesty,  and  the 
various  disappointments  which  he  had  encountered.  Sir  Thomas  Gorge,  Knt.  and  Mr.  Secretary 
Wolley,  were  in  consequence  appointed  commissioners  to  hear  his  grievances,  and  sat  as  such  at  his 
house  at  Mortlake,  Nov.  22,  1592 ;  to  whom,  sitting  in  his  Library,  he  related  his  case  at  large.     In 


THE    GLUEEN  S    VISITS    TO    DR.    DEE    AT    MORTLAKE.  415 

Majesty  at  the  door  ;  and  explained  to  her  the  properties  of  a  Glass  which 
had  occasioned  much  conversation,  and  given  rise  to  a  report  that  he  was  a 
Magician. 

One  day  the  Queen  came  on  horseback  ',  and  "  exhorted  him  to  take  his 
mother's  death  patiently."  Another  time,  as  he  describes  it  himself,  "  she  came 
from   Richmond  in  her  coach,  the  higher  way  of  Mortlake  field  ;  and  when  she 

the  mean  time  two  tables  were  placed  near  him  ;  on  one  of  them  were  the  proper  vouchers  for  the 
facts  he  asserted,  to  which  he  instantly  referred  ;  on  the  other,  all  the  printed  books  and  MSS.  which 
he  had  written.  Among  the  services  which  he  had  rendered  to  the  Queen,  he  reckons  some  consul- 
tations with  her  Majesty's  physicians  at  home,  and  a  journey  of  1500  miles,  which  he  undertook  in 
the  winter  season,  to  hold  a  conference  with  the  most  learned  Philosophers  on  the  Continent,  upon 
the  means  of  restoring  and  preserving  her  health.  In  enumerating  his  losses,  he  estimates  the 
damage  sustained  in  his  library  at  ^.390.  His  whole  collection,  which  consisted  of  4000  books,  of 
which  a  great  part  was  MS.  he  valued  at  ^.2000.  Among  the  latter  he  mentions  a  large  collection 
of  deeds  and  charters,  relating  principally  to  estates  in  Ireland,  which  he  got  out  of  a  ruined  Church. 
He  says,  they  had  been  examined  by  Heralds,  Clerks  of  the  Office  of  Records  at  the  Tower,  and  other 
Antiquaries,  who  had  spent  whole  days  at  his  house  in  looking  them  over,  and  had  taken  away  to 
their  liking.  His  chemical  apparatus,  which  cost  him  s£.200,  was  entirely  destroyed  by  the  mob, 
when  he  left  Mortlake,  in  1583  ;  at  the  same  time  they  broke  in  pieces  a  fine  quadrant  of  Chancel- 
lor's, which  cost  him  £.10 ;  and  took  away  a  magnet,  for  which  he  gave  a£.33.  Among  the  many 
promises  of  preferment  which  had  been  made  him  to  so  little  effect,  he  particularly  specifies  Dr. 
Aubrey's  benefices  in  the  diocese  of  St.  David's,  and  the  Mastership  of  St.  Cross.  He  concludes  with 
desiring  speedy  relief,  and  gives  his  reasons  for  preferring  the  Mastership  of  St.  Cross  to  any  other 
appointment,  it  being  a  retired  situation,  well  adapted  for  his  studies,  and  with  a  good  house  annexed ; 
whereas  his  present  situation  at  Mortlake  was  too  public,  and  his  house  too  small  to  entertain  the 
Foreign  Literati  who  resorted  to  him. 

Upon  the  report  of  the  commissioners,  "  the  Queen  willed  the  Lady  Howard  to  write  some  words  of 
comfort  to  his  wife  (Jane,  daughter  of  Bartholomew  Fromound,  Esq.  of  Cheam),  and  send  some 
friendly  tokens  besides  ;"  she  commanded  Sir  Thomas  Gorge  to  take  him  100  marks;  and  said,  that 
St.  Cross  he  should  have  ;  that  the  incumbent  might  be  removed  to  some  Bishoprick  ;  and  assigned 
him  a  pension  of  s£\200  a  year  out  of  the  Bishoprick  of  Oxford  till  it  should  become  vacant.  All 
these  promises,  like  the  former,  came  to  nothing.  The  Mastership  of  St.  Cross  he  never  got.  The 
next  year  indeed  he  was  presented  to  the  Chancellorship  of  St.  Paul's :  but  this  was  by  no  means 
adequate  to  his  expectations ;  and  he  continued  to  memorialise  her  Majesty,  l ill  at  length  he  pro- 
cured the  VVardenship  of  Manchester  in  1595.  There  he  continued  seven  years,  leading  a  very 
unquiet  life,  and  continually  engaged  in  disputes  with  the  Fellows ;  and  returned  to  Mortlake  in  1604. 
King  James  at  first  patronized,  but  was  afterwards  prejudiced  against  him  and  his  studies  ;  upon  which 
Dee  presented  a  petition  to  his  Majesty,  and  another  in  verse  to  the  House  of  Commons,  praying  that 
he  might  be  brought  to  trial,  having  been  accused  of  calling  up  evil  spirits. 

1  In  1575,  the  bells  at  Lambeth  were  rung,  "  when  the  Queen  took  horse  here." 


4l6  THE    QUEEN    AT    MORTLAKE,  AND    AT    BAYNARD    CASTLE. 

came  right  against  the  Church,  she  turned  down,"  he  says,  "  towards  my  house  ; 
and  when  she  was  against  my  garden  in  the  field,  her  Majesty  staid  there  a  good 
while,  and  then  came  into  the  field  at  the  great  gate  of  the  field,  where  her 
Majesty  espied  me  at  my  door  making  reverent  and  dutiful  obeysances  to  her, 
and  with  her  hand  her  Majesty  beckoned  me  to  come  to  her  ;  and  1  came  to  her 
coach  side.  Her  Majesty  then  very  speedily  pulled  off  her  glove,  and  gave  me 
her  hand  to  kiss;  and,  to  be  short,  her  Majesty  willed  me  Keeper  of  Gloves  to 
her  Court,  and  by  some  of  her  Privy  Chamber,  to  give  her  to  wear  when  I  am 
there."  When  he  was  sick,  the  Queen  ordered  her  own  physicians  to  attend  him  ; 
"  sent  him  divers  rarities  to  eat,  and  the  Honourable  Lady  Sidney  to  attend  on 
him,  and  comfort  him  with  divers  speeches  from  her  Majesty,  pithy  and  gracious1." 

A  Narrative  by  Dr.  Dee,  of  his  own  Life,  is  among  the  Harleian  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum  ;  with  a  Catalogue  of  his  Library,  under  the  name  of  "  Biblio- 
theca  Mortlakiensis."     There  is  another  copy  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Early  in  May  1575j  we  fi°d  the  Queen  humanely  attending  to  the  sick-bed  of 
Catherine  Countess  of  Pembroke,  daughter  of  George  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  and 
wife  of  Henry  second  Earl  of  Pembroke2,  by  whom  in  1 5 74  she  had  been 
entertained  at  Wilton.     See  before,  p.  408. 

1  Dr.  Dee  died  at  Mortlake  in  1608 ;  having  been  so  poor  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  as  to  be 
obliged  to  sell  his  library  piece-meal  for  subsistence.  He  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Mortlake 
Church,  where,  Aubrey  (Antiquities  of  Surrey,  vol.  I.  p.  8.)  says,  an  old  marble  stone  was  shewn  as 
belonging  to  his  tomb.  His  house  at  Mortlake  is  now  a  ladies'  boarding-school.  In  a  Survey 
of  Mortlake,  taken  in  1607,  it  is  called,  "  an  antient  house."  It  was  most  probably  built  in  the 
Reign  of  Henry  VII.  An  old  room  ornamented  with  red  and  white  roses  existed  a  few  years  ago. 
(Lysons,  vol.  I.  p.  381.)  Several  curious  particulars  relative  to  Dr.  Dee  have  been  collected  by 
Mr.  Lysons,  vol.  I.  pp.  377 — 385  ;  whence  the  present  article  has  been  chiefly  framed.  Mr.  Lysons 
has  also  given  a  portrait  of  him,  at  the  age  of  67,  from  a  fine  original  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

2  Anne  Lady  Talbof  thus  writes  from  Baynard  Castle  to  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury ; 

"  Good  Madame,  I  am  to  crave  pardon  of  you  for  not  wryteinge  by  my  Lorde's  man  Harry  Grace. 
The  cause  I  wylled  hym  to  declare  to  your  La.  whych  was  the  extremity  that  my  syster  of  Pembroke 
was  in  at  that  tyme  ;  whych  hath  contenued  tell  Theursdaye  laste.  Sethensse  that  day  she  hath  ben 
out  of  her  soundynge,  but  not  able  to  stand  or  goe.  Her  greatest  gryf  is  nowe  want  of  slepe,  and 
not  able  to  away  wyth  the  syght  of  meat:  but  consederynge  her  estat  befor,  we  thynke  our  selfes  hapy 
of  thys  change,  hopeing  that  better  will  followe  shortely.  The  Quynes  Maty  hath  ben  here  wyth  her 
twyss,  very  latt  both  tymes.  The  last  tyme  yt  was  x  of  the  cloke  at  nyght,  or  ever  her  Maty  whentte 
hensse,  being  so  great  a  myste,  as  ther  were  dyveres  of  the  barges  and  boottes  that  wayted  of  her  loste 
ther  wayes,  and  landed  in  wronge  plases ;  but  thankes  be  to  God  her  Maty  came  well  home  wythout 
colde  or  feare.     May  8,  1575."     Hunter's  Hallamshire,  p.  84. 


THE    ftUEEN   AT   THEOBALDS,  1575-  417 

May  24,  her  Majesty  was  at  Theobalds  ! ;  and  we  now  come  to  a  Progress 
more  memorable  than  that  of  any  other  preceding  or  following  year  ;  extending 
to  a  greater  distance  of  place,  and  to  a  period  of  nearly  three  months. 

In  this  Progress  the  Queen's  good  subjects  in  Leicester  were  grievously  dis- 
appointed. That  they  had  prepared  for  her  Majesty's  reception,  appears  by  the 
following  entry  in  the  Records  of  that  antient  and  loyal  Corporation  2 : 

"  29  April,  1575,  17  Eliz.  At  Common  Hall,  agreed  for  four  post-horses,  to 
allow  ^£.6.  I35.  4d. ;  that  is,  33*.  4d.  each ;  the  Twenty-four3  to  pay  2s.  and  the 
Forty-eight4  12c?.  each  ;  and  the  rest  to  be  levied  on  the  inhabitants. 

"  Also,  it  being  supposed  that  the  Queen  will  come  to  Leicester,  it  is  ordered, 
that,  for  a  stock  of  money,  the  Twenty -four  pay  40s.  and  the  Forty-eight  20*. 
each  to  the  Chamberlains,  upon  a  fortnight's  warning  ;  and  that  the  Mayor,  and 
such  as  have  been  Mayors,  meet  her  in  scarlet  gowns ;  and  that  the  rest  of  the 
Twenty-four  wear  black  gowns,  made  of  a  new  comely  fashion ;  also  the  Forty- 
eight  at  that  present  to  wear  coats  of  fine  black  cloth,  and  to  be  guarded  with 
velvet;  and  to  meet  her  Majesty  on  horseback.  And  that  every  Householder 
forthwith  amend  and  beautify  the  fore  front  of  their  houses,  and  amend  the  pave- 
ment; and  this  to  be  done  at  furthest  within  a  fortnight  after  Whitsuntide  week." 

The  "  Black  Book"  at  Warwick  again  assists  us:  "The  Somer  following  it 
pleased  her  Majesty  to  make  her  Progres  into  Northamptonshire,  Warwickshire5, 

1  This  appears  from  Lord  Burghley's  Diary. 

9  See  the  History  of  Leicestershire,  vol.  I.  p.  80. — Similar  preparations  had  been  made  at  North- 
ampton on  a  former  Progress. — "  In  1563  Queen  Elizabeth  on  a  Progress,  coming  to  Northamp- 
ton, great  preparations  were  made  for  her  reception,  the  town  gates  being  new  painted,  and  the 
houses  elegantly  ornamented';  and  at  her  departure  she  was  presented  by  the  Magistrates  with  s^.VO, 
in  a  purse  valued  at  §£.6.  A  like  compliment  was  paid  in  1634  to  Charles  I.  and  his  Queen,  who, 
passing  through  the  town,  had  given  them  by  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  two  bowls  of  silver  gilt, 
of  the  price  of  one  hundred  marks."     Bridges's  Northamptonshire,  vol.  I.  p.  431. 

3  The  number  of  Aldermen  of  Leicester.  4  The  Common  Council. 

s  Strype  says,  "  The  Queen's  Progress  this  Summer  was  towards  Warwickshire  ;  of  which,  and  of 
her  most  splendid  reception  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester  at  Kenilworth  Castle,  I  find  not  a  word  in  our 
Historians,  except  a  short  mention  of  it  in  the  additions  to  the  late  edition  of  •  Camden's  Britannia;' 
an  account  whereof  may  well  deserve  a  place  here.  There  is  a  particular  relation  of  it,  which  I  have 
seen,  writ  at  that,  time,  by  way  of  letter,  from  an  officer,  attendant  then  at  Court,  to  a  friend  of  his,  a 
citizen  of  London,  printed  upon  thin  vellum.  The  writer  was  Robert  Lanham,  gent.  Clerk  of  the 
Council  Chamber  ;  the  person  written  to  was  Humphry  Martin,  mercer.  Concerning  Kenilworth 
Castle,  and  some  of  the  preparations  made  by  the  Earl  against  the  Queen's  coming  thither,  one  in 
those  times  writes,  "  That  in  this  Castle  there  are  sufficient  to  furnish  10,000  soldiers,  of  all  things 
VOL.    I.  3    H 


418  THE    ftUEEN   AT   KENILWORTH,  1575. 

Staffordshire,  Worcestershire,  and  so  to  returne  to  Woodstock  in  Oxfordshire;  in 
which  Journey  her  Majesty  lay  at  Kenilworth  nineteen  days,  and  her  Houshold 
at  Warwick ;  by  reason  whereof  great  diligence  was  to  be  given  by  the  Bailief  of 
Warwick,  as  well  for  the  good  government  of  the  tovvne,  as  for  the  dutyfull  ex- 
pediting such  things  as  by  him  were  to  be  done  for  the  furtheraunce  of  her 
Majesty's  service  divers  wayes;  as  by  dispersing  of  letters  by  post,  which  came 
very  thick  ;  as  also  by  providing  and  furnishing  her  Majesty's  officers  with  all 
manner  of  carriages,  which  were  also  very  many,  by  reason  of  her  Majesty's  and 
her  Houshold's  lying  asunder;  and  by  reason  of  horses  provided  for  such  as  had 
commission  to  take  horses,  which  were  so  many,  that,  for  a  month's  space  and 
more,  24  horses,  30  horses,  and,  when  they  were  fewest,  20  horses  would  scarce 
suffice  to  serve  commissions,  some  to  Kenilworth,  some  to  Lichfield,  and  some 
further.  And  as  in  this,  so  in  all  things  else,  his  service  was  not  only  expected, 
but  also  at  all  hours  of  day  and  nyght  required.  Wherein  he  so  well  behaved 
himself,  that  her  Majesty  was  well  served,  to  the  good  contentacion  of  her  offi- 
cers, and  his  good  recommendacion  ;  which  procured  to  him  further  chardge  (as 
this  Writer  guesses) ;  for  the  yeomen  officers  of  the  Court  attending  her  person 
lieng  at  Kenilworth,  hearing  of  the  painfull  service  and  willingness  of  the  Bailief 
of  Warwick,  tooke  paynes  to  visite  him  as  her  Majesty's  lyeutenant  and  good  offi- 
cer, and,  bringing  with  them  a  cast  of  their  office,  by  courtly  mean,  devised  the 
opening  of  his  largesse ;  so  as  fees  (as  they  callid  them)  that  way  it  cost  him  40 
marks,  or  30  pounds,  as  may  appear  by  his  accompt  thereof;  of  which  chardge 
the  said  Bailief  was  not  willing  to  ask  any  allowance;  but  woold  haue  borne  it  of 
his  owne  purse,  contrary  to  all  reason,  if  some  of  his  freends  had  not  earnestly 
perswadid  him  to  the  contrary.  Such  was  his  benivolent  mynd  towards  the  towne, 
which  he  knoweth  to  be  greatly  chargid  otherwise,  as  by  presents  given  to  the 
Earl  of  Leycester,  to  the  Countyes  of  Warwick,  and  others." 

It  was  during  the  Entertainment  of  the  Queen  at  this  Visit,  of  which  the 
splendour  far  exceeded  what  had  any  where  else  been  given,  that  the  Earl  of  Lei- 
cester exerted  his  whole  munificence  in  a  manner  so  splendid,  as  to  claim  a  re- 
necessary  for  horse  and  man ;  besides  all  munition,  and  artillery  brought  thither  when  her  Majesty 
was  there,  never  carried  back  again."  Under  a  former  year,  1570,  Strype  had  observed,  that  "  plots 
and  disturbances  had  so  awakened  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  that,  whether  it  was  for  his  own  safe  recess, 
or  the  Queen's,  or  for  the  bringing  of  the  Queen  of  Scots  thither;  he  had  now  many  workmen  at  his 
seat  called  Killingworth  Castle,  to  make  it  strong ;  and  furnished  it  with  armour,  munition,  and  all 
necessaries  for  defence." 


THE    ftUEEN   AT   KENILWORTH. — PRICE    OF   PROVISIONS.  419 

membrance  even  in  the  Annals  of  our  Country ;  and  which  are  most  copiously 
displayed  in  Laneham's  description  of  the  Pageants,  and  in  Gascoigne's  "  Princely 
Pleasures,"  both  of  which  are  preserved  in  the  following  pages  ;  and  in  which  the 
Queen's  reception  and  Entertainment  are  described  by  Laneham  in  so  animated  a 
manner,  that  we  fancy  ourselves  present  at  the  chace  and  other  amusements, 
though  the  scenery  of  this  day  does  not  permit  imagination  to  realize  them. 
His  narrative  sets  out  with  an  historical  detail  and  description  of  the  Castle, 
which  Leicester  had  repaired,  and  in  part  rebuilt ;  whose  ruins  are  now  so 
reduced,  that  the  plan  given  by  Sir  William  Dugdale  is  scarcely  traceable,  and 
the  grand  Gateway  is  the  principal  remain. 

We  learn  from  Dugdale,  that  "  the  Earl  of  Leicester  gave  the  Queen  a  glorious 
Entertainment  at  Long  Ichington,  erecting  a  tent  of  extraordinary  largeness  for 
that  purpose,  the  ruins  belonging  whereto  amounted  to  seven  cart-loads,  by  which 
the  magnificence  thereof  may  be  guessed  at.  And  Laneham  informs  us,  that  "  on 
Saturday  the  9th  of  July,  at  Long  Ichington,  a  town  and  lordship  of  my  Lord's, 
within  seven  miles  of  Killingworth,  his  Honour  made  her  Majesty  great  cheer 
at  dinner  and  pleasant  pastime  in  hunting,  by  the  way  after,  that  it  was  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evening  ere  her  Highness  came  to  Killingworth1." 

But  Master  Laneham's  Letter  shall  now  be  given  at  large. 


1  To  shew  the  prices  of  provisions  at  this  period,  the  following  particulars  of  an  entertainment  at 

Norwich,  in  1561,  to  feast  the  Earls  of  Northumberland  and  Huntingdon,  at  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's 

Palace,  is  extracted  from  Blomefield's  Norfolk  : 

Eight  stone  of  beef  at  8d.  a  stone,  and  a  Thirty-four  eggs  - 

surloin  by          -         -  -  -  -58A  bushel  of  flower                   n 

Two  collars  of  brawn    -  -  -  -     1     0  A  peck  of  oatmeal          - 

Tour  cheeses  at  4d.  a  cheese  -  ■  -     1     4  Sixteen  white-bread  loaves 

Eight  pints  of  butter     -  -  -  -16  Eighteen  loaves  of  white-wheat  bread 

An  hinder  quarter  of  veal  -  -  -     0  10  Three  loaves  of  mesline  bread 

A  leg  of  mutton  -         -  -  -  -0     5A  barrel  of  double  strong  beer 

A  fore-quarter  of  veal    -  -  -  -     0     5  A  barrel  of  table-beer    - 

A  loin  of  mutton,  a  shoulder  of  veal  -     0     9  A  quarter  of  wood         - 

A  breast  and  cast  of  mutton  -  -  -     0     7  Nutmegs,  mace,  cinnamon,  and  cloves, 

Six  pullets    -         -         -  -  -  -10  Four  pounds  of  barbery  sugar 

Four  couple  of  rabbits  -  -  -     1     8  Sixteen  oranges     - 

Four  brace  of  partridges  -  -  -     2     0  Two  gallons  of  white-wine  and  canary 

Two  guinea  cocks          -  -  -  -16  Fruit,  almonds,  sweet-waters,  perfumes, 

Two  couple  of  mallards  -  -  -     1     0  The  cook's  wages           - 

Mayor's  share.     £.  1  12     4     The  feast-makers  paid  the  rest  of  the  charge. 


0 

6 

0 

6 

0 

2 

0 

4 

0 

9 

0 

3 

2 

6 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

1 

0 

0 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

1 

2 

420 

A  LETTER : 

Whearin,  part  of  the  Entertain- 
ment, untoo  the  Queenz  Maiesty, 
at  Killingworth  Castl,  in  Warwik  Sheer, 
in  this  Soomerz  Progress,  1575,  iz 
signified  :  from  a  freend  officer 
attendant  in  the  Coourt,  unto 
hiz  freend  a  Citizen, 
and  Merchaunt 
of  London  l» 


De  Regina  nostra  illustrissima. 

Dum  laniata  ruat  vicina  ob  regna  tumultu, 
Lseta  suos  inter  genialibus  Illa  diebus. 
(Gratia  Diis)  fruitur  :  Ru'pantur  et  ilia  Codro. 


*#*  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  we  possess  no  further  account  of  the  lively  and  facetious 
writer  of  the  following  Letter  than  is  incidently  contained  in  the  Letter  itself;  but  his 
communicative  disposition  has  furnished  numerous  hints  respecting  himself,  from  which 
we  may  clearly  collect  the  following  facts  : — 

That  he  was  a  native  of  Nottinghamshire,  and  went  to  St.  Paul's  School,  as  also  to 
"  St.  Antoniez,"  where  he  was  in  the  fifth  form,  and  read  Esop,  Terence,  and  Virgil. 

It  seems  he  was  originally  destined  for  trade,  and  that  his  master's  name  was  Bomsted, 
a  Mercer  in  London,  in  which  City  he  probably  resided  early  in  life,  though  born  in  the 
County  of  Nottingham.  Here  he  evidently  formed  acquaintance  with  other  respectable 
tradesmen  besides  his  friend  Humphrey  Martin,  Mercer  and  Merchant,  to  whom  his 
printed  letter  is  addressed,  as  he  particularly  commends  himself  to  Master  Alderman 
Pullison,  to  Master  Thorogood,  and  to  his  merry  companion  Master  Denman,  Mercer. 

■  There  are  two  copies  of  this  book  in  the  Bodleian  Libary,  (38  Jur.  Seld.  and  M.  9.  Act.  B.  S.) 
both  in  small  octavos,  in  black  letter,  and  consisting  of  89  pages.  They  differ  very  little  from  each 
other,  sufficiently  however  to  prove  that  they  are  separate  editions.  Neither  of  them  has  any  date  or 
printers  name.  From  a  copy  of  the  former  of  them,  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Green,  of  Stratford,  an  octavo 
edition  was  printed  in  1784,  with  the  notes  marked  J.  G.  A  more  accurate  transcript  of  the  same 
original,  with  some  few  corrections  from  a  copy  in  the  possession  of  the  Duchess  Dowager  of 
Portland,  was  printed  in  the  former  Edition  of  these  Progresses ;  and  is  here  re-printed. — In  Herbert's 
Ames,  p.  1689,  this  tract  is  intituled,  "  A  Whip  for  an  Ape,  or  Martin  displaied." 


LIFE    AND    CHARACTER    OF    LANEHAM.  421 

As  a  Merchant-adventurer  he  traded  into  "sundry  countries,"  amongst  which  he  parti- 
cularly enumerates  France  and  Flanders;  but  as  he  mentions  Spanish  as  well  as  French 
and  Dutch  in  the  foreign  languages  he  had  acquired  a  knowledge  of,  it  seems  probable 
that  he  visited  Spain  also.  To  these  accomplishments  he  added  dancing  and  music, 
playing  (according  to  his  own  account)  on  the  guitar,  cittern,  and  virginal :  he  sang 
also,  and  appears  to  have  been  a  gallant  with  the  Ladies,  and  a  bon  vivant  with  the  men, 
loving  sack  and  sugar,  or  else,  according  to  his  own  confession,  he  should  not  "  blush 
so  mooch  a  dayz."  "  I  am  woont  (says  he)  to  be  jolly  &  dry  a  mornings ;"  and  in  hig 
remembrances  to  his  London  acquaintances,  he  names  especially  his  "  good  old  freend 

Master  Smith,  Custumer,  by  that  same   token, '  Set   my  hors  up  to  the  rack,  and 

then  let's  have  a  Cup  of  Sak.'     He  knoes  ye  token  well  ynough,  and  will  laugh,  1  hold 
ye  a  grote." 

He  mentions  his  love  of  reading,  and,  that  his  friend  may  not  marvel  to  see  him  "  so 
bookish,"  describes  his  education,  adding,  that  when  at  leisure  from  the  Councel,  he 
reads  various  books ;  "  storiez  (says  he)  I  delight  in ;  the  more  auncient  &  rare,  the 
more  like-sum  unto  me."     And  the  truth  of  this  is  abundantly  shown  in  his  Letter. 

Whether  his  "  adventures"  proved  unsuccessful,  or  mercurial  disposition  ill  suited  the 
regular  habits  of  a  Merchant  trader,  is  not  apparent ;  but  that  one  or  other  was  the  case 
may  well  be  guessed  :  and  it  appears  that  some  time  before  the  Queen's  Visit  to  Kenil- 
worth  he  became  a  Protege  of  the  munificent  and  powerful  Earl  of  Leicester,  by  whose 
influence  he  was  made  "  Clark  of  the  Councel  Chamber  door,  and  also  Keeper  of  the 
same."  Nor  did  his  Patron's  kindness  rest  here  :  for  Laneham  very  gratefully  relates, 
that,  besides  this,  the  noble  Earl  gave  him  apparel  from  his  own  back,  got  him  allowance 
in  the  stable,  and  helped  him  in  his  licence  of  beans,  whereby  (although  he  does  not 
much  use  it)  his  good  father  is  well  relieved  by  being  permitted  to  serve  the  stable  :  and 
thus  adds  be,  I  now  go  in  my  silks,  that  else  might  ruffle  in  my  cut-canvas;  ride  on 
horseback  that  else  might  manage  on  foot ;  am  known  to  their  honours,  and  taken  forth 
with  the  best,  that  else  might  be  bid  to  stand  back. 

How  he  carried  himself  in  this  office  is  thus  described  with  much  naivete  in  his  own 
words.  When  the  Councel  sit  (says  he)  I  am  at  hand ;  if  any  make  a  babbling, 
"  peace,"  I  say ;  if  I  take  a  listener  or  a  prier  in  at  the  chinks  or  lock-hole,  I  am  bye 
and  bye  at  the  bones  of  him  ;  if  a  friend  come,  I  make  him  sit  down  by  me  on  a  form 
or  chest — let  the  rest  walk  a  god's  name. 

With  the  companionable  qualities  before  described,  it  is  not  surprising  that  his  society 
was  sought  after,  and  that  he  was  admitted  into  the  company  of  his  superiors  :  accord- 
ingly we  find  that  many  afternoons  and  nights,  during  the  stay  of  Elizabeth  at  Kenil- 
worth  Castle,  he  was  with  Sir  George  Howard,  and  sometimes  at  Lady  Sidney's 
chambers,  but  always  amongst  the  gentlewomen,  "  by  my  good-will."  To  his  old 
companions  in  London  it  seems  he  was  known  by  the  appellation  of  the  Black  Prince, 


422  LIFE   AND    CHARACTER    OF    LANEHAM. 

and  to  evince  his  knowledge  in  Spanish,  he  concludes  his  description  of  himself  at  the 
close  of  his  Letter  by  the  term,  "  El  prencipe  Negro." 

Whether  the  present  is  the  only  instance  of  his  authorship  may  perhaps  be  questioned, 
though  the  grounds  are  merely  conjectural:  but  in  DTsraeli's  Quarrels  of  Authors,  vol. 
III.  p.  271,  et  seq.  is  the  copy  of  a  very  rare  poetical  tract,  describing  with  considerable 
force  the  Revolutionists  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Reign,  entitled,  "Rythmes1  against 
Martin  Marre-Prelate,"  in  which  is  the  following  stanza  :— 

And  ye  grave  men,  that  answere  Martin's  mowes, 

He  mocks  the  more,  and  you  in  vain  loose  times, 
Leave  Apes  to  Doggs  to  baite,  their  skins  to  Crowes, 

And  let  old  Lanam  lashe  him  with  his  rimes. 
The  beast  is  proud,  when  men  wey  his  enditings  j 

Let  his  workes  goe  the  waie  of  all  wast  writings. 

It  seems  not  very  improbable  to  conjecture,  that,  amongst  the  various  qualifications 
of  our  Laneham,  a  talent  for  versification  was  included,  and  his  powers  of  satire  and 
ridicule  cannot  be  doubted,  for  these  he  possessed  in  a  supereminent  degree.  No  poet  of 
the  name  of  Laneham  occurs  in  Ritson,  or  is  noticed  by  any  other  writer. 

Perhaps  it  may  not  be  quite  irrelevant  to  remark,  that,  in  1574,  Queen  Elizabeth 
granted  a  licence  to  James  Burbage,  John  Perkyn,  John  Lanham,   and  two  others 
"  servaunts  to  the  Earle  of  Leycester,"  to  exhibit  all  kinds  of  stage-plays  during  pleasure 
in  any  part  of  England.     And  in   a  chronological  series  of  the  Queen's  payments  for 
plays  acted  before  her,  taken  from  the  Council-registers,  is  the  following  item  : 

15  March  1589-90,  to  John  Dutton  and  John  Lanham,  two  of  the  Queen's  Players, 
for  two  interludes ;  showed  before  her,  on  St.  Stephen's  day,  and  Shrove  Sunday  last, 
20..0..0. 

The  coincidence  of  a  John  Laneham  being  a  player  under  the  licence  and  protection 
of  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  in  1574  (and  undoubtedly  of  eminence  in  his  profession),  is 
remarkable,  and  seems  to  point  out  the  person  as  being  a  relative,  or,  at  least,  connected 
with  the  author  of  the  descriptive  letter  :  but  materials  are  wanting  to  trace  the  particular 
nature  of  the  connection. 

Thus  far  from  the  splendid  publication  of  Laneham's  Letter,  in  1821,  by  Messrs. 
Merridew  and  Son,  Booksellers  at  Coventry,  under  the  superintendance  of  my  valuable 
friends  William  Hamper,  Esq.  of  Birmingham,  and  Thomas  Sharp,  Esq.  of  Coventry1. 

1  An  interesting  Print  has  been  also  published  by  Messrs.  Merridew,  being  a  View  of  Kenilworth 
Castle,  as  it  appeared  in  1G20,  engraved  by  Mr.  William  Radcliffe,  from  a  drawing  (in  the  possession  of 
J.  Newdigate  Ludford,  Esq.  LL.D.  of  Ansley  Hall)  made  by  Henry  Beighton  in  1716,  of  the  curious 
fresco  Painting  then  existing  upon  a  Wall  (since  destroyed)  at  Newnham  Padox,  the  Seat  of  the  Earl 
of  Denbigh  ;  and  a  reduced  copy  of  it  may  be  seen  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  XCI,  i.  249. 


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I^R 


LIFE   AND    CHARACTER    OF    LANEHAM.  423 

I  shall  now  subjoin  some  Extracts  from  another  Biographical  Memoir,  prefixed  to  a 
new  edition,  published  also  in  1821, in  a  small  octavo,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Burn;  which,  though 
it  unavoidably  contains  some  repetition  of  facts  stated  in  the  preceding  pages,  places 
some  of  them  in  a  new  light,  and  introduces  a  few  particulars  not  noticed  in  the  former 
Memoir. — The  Notes  to  my  former  Edition  are  still  preserved  ;  and  many  others  added 
from  the  two  above-noticed  publications,  and  also  from  Warton's  History  of  English 
Poetry,  and  other  sources. 

"  It  would  seem  that  Robert  Laneham  was  born  in  the  county  of  Nottingham,  and  that 
he  was  educated  at  St.  Paul's  school,  and  afterwards  at  that  of  St.  Anthony,  near  the 
Royal  Exchange,  which,  according  to  Stow,  bore  the  highest f  reputation  in  the  City  in 
former  times.'  His  father  seems  to  have  moved  in  a  moderate,  if  not  in  a  very  inferior  rank 
of  life ;  for  towards  the  conclusion  of  his  letter,  he  states,  that  it  was  a  great  relief  to  his 
parent  when  the  Earl  of  Leicester  received  him  into  favour  and  protection.  Laneham 
appears  to  have  held  some  situation  in  the  Royal  stables,  where  also  his  father  was  placed 
after  his  own  advancement  in  the  Court.  In  addition  to  this  situation,  Laneham  procured 
a  patent,  or  licence,  as  it  was  then  called,  for  serving  the  Royal  Mews  with  beans,  which, 
however,  he  neglected  when  promoted  to  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the  Council-chamber 
door.  It  is  to  this  office  that  he  alludes  in  the  commencement  of  his  letter,  when  he 
says,  that  he  had  the  power,  on  such  days  as  the  Council  did  not  sit,  to  visit  whatever 
he  thought  proper  to  see,  as  well  as  the  privilege  of  being  present  at  any  exhibition 
which  should  be  prepared  for  the  Queen.  Hence,  it  would  appear,  that  Laneham's  duty 
was  not  confined  to  keeping  the  entrance  of  the  Council-room  only,  but  that  he  also 
performed  the  office  of  a  Gentleman-Usher,  in  preserving  the  Presence-chamber, 
wherever  that  might  be,  free  from  the  intrusion  of  strangers.  It  is  evidently  with  this 
feeling  that  the  Author  of  "  Kenilworth"  makes  Laneham  say  to  his  Patron  Leicester, 
when  requesting  that  he  may  visit  the  Castle  in  the  Queen's  suite,  "  Bethink  you,  my 
Lord,  how  necessary  is  this  rod  of  mine  to  fright  away  all  those  listeners,  who  else  would 
play  at  bo-peep  with  the  honourable  Council,  and  be  searching  for  key-holes  and 
crannies  in  the  door  of  the  Chamber,  so  as  to  render  my  staff  as  needful  as  a  fly-flap  in 
a  butcher's  shop."     Vol.  ii.  p.  115. 

It  is  not  easy  to  imagine  what  the  lordly  and  ambitious  Dudley  could  have  discovered 
in  the  conceited  and  talkative  Laneham,  to  have  induced  him  to  become  so  excellent  a 
patron ;  but  the  reasons  might  probably  be,  the  boldness  of  the  latter,  joined  to  his 
knowledge  of  several  foreign  languages,  which  rendered  him  peculiarly  fitted  for  the 
duties  of  a  Gentleman-Usher,  who  could,  with  official  importance,  keep  order  in  the 
Court,  and  converse,  in  their  own  tongues,  with  any  of  the  numerous  foreigners  who 
visited  it.  Nor  is  this  supposition  founded  upon  speculation  only,  for,  towards  the  conclu- 
sion of  this  letter,  Laneham  expresses  himself  in  terms  like  the  following :  "  Now,  Sir, 
when  the  Council  sits,  I  am  at  hand,  and  attend  them  closely,  I  warrant  you ;  if  any  should 
talk,  then  I  say,  '  Peace,  know  you  where  you  are  ?'     If  I  see  one  listening  either  at  the 


424  LIFE    AND    CHARACTER    OF    LANEHAM. 

aperture  in  the  door,  or  between  the  spaces  of  it,  then  presently  I  am  upon  him  for  his 
rudeness."     In  a  very  rare  small  duodecimo  volume,  entitled,  (t  The  Rules  of  Civility, 
or  Certain  Ways  of  Deportment  observed  in  France,  amongst  all  Persons  of  Quality, 
upon  several  Occasions.     London:  1671,"  are  some  remarks  on  the  behaviour  of  those 
who  wait  in  the  Presence  and  Anti-chambers,  which  tend  particularly  to  illustrate  this 
branch  of  Laneham's  duty.     The  Courtier  is  informed,  that  "  whilst  he  attends  in  the 
Anti-chamber  or  Presence-chamber,  it  is  not  decent  to  walk  up  and  down  the  room ; 
and  if  at  any  time  he  does  so,  it  is  the  Usher's  duty  and  common  practice  to  rebuke  him. 
It  is  no  less  absurd  to  whistle  or  sing  for  his  divertisement  (as  they  call  it)  whilst  he  is 
in  waiting  in  those  rooms."     Again,  in  speaking  of  first  visiting  the  State-chambers,  it 
is  stated,  that  "  it  is  uncivil  to  knock  hard,  or  to  give  more  than  one  knock."     At  the 
door  of  a  bed-chamber  "  to  knock  is  no  less  than  brutish ;  the  way  is,  to  scratch  only 
with  the  nails.     When  he  scratches  with  his  nails  at  the  King's  bed-chamber  door,  or 
any  other  great  person's,  and  the  Usher  demands  his  name,  he  must  tell  him  his  sirname 
only,  without  the  qualification  of  Mr.  S.  or  my  Lord.     When  he  comes  into  a  great 
man's  house,  or  chamber,  it  is  not  civil  to  wrap  himself  in  his  cloak ;  but  in  the  King's 
Court  he  runs  great  hazard  of  correction.    It  is  boldness  to  enter  of  himself  without  being 
introduced.     If  it  be  of  importance  to  him  to  enter,  and  there  be  nobody  to  introduce 
him,  he  must  try  gently  whether  the  door  be  locked  or  bolted  on  the  inside :  if  it  be,  he 
is  not  to  knock  or  fiddle  about  the  lock,  like  an  impatient  person,  as  if  he  would  pick  it, 
but  he  must  patiently  expect  till  it  be  opened,  or  scratch  softly  to  make  them  hear:  if 
nobody  comes,  he  must  retire  to  some  distance,  lest  being  found  about  the  door,  he 
should  be  taken  as  an  eves-dropper,  or  spy,  which  would  be  a  great  offence  to  all  persons 
of  quality.     It  is  but  civil  to  walk  with  his  hat  off  in  the  halls  and  Anti-chambers." 
Such  were  the  regulations  of  conduct  formerly  required  among  the  higher  ranks  of 
society  ;  and  these  it  was  Laneham's  office  to  see  most  punctiliously  observed.     With 
respect  to  his  knowledge  of  "  the  tongues,"  as  the  ability  to  speak  the  Continental 
languages  was  in  his  time  denominated,  there  is  Laneham's  own  testimony  concerning 
their  utility ;  for  in  the  following  letter  he  thus  speaks :  "  And  here  do  my  languages 
now  and  then  stand  me  in  good  stead;  my  French,  my  Spanish,  my  Dutch,  and  my 
Latin:  sometimes  among  the  Ambassador's  men,  if  their  master  be  within  Council; 
sometimes  with  the  Ambassador  himself,  if  he  desire  me  to  call  for  his  servant,  or  ask 
me  what  it  is  o'clock,  and  I  warrant  you  I  answer  him  so  boldly,  that  they  wonder  to  see 
such  a  fellow  there."     Besides  these  qualifications,  Laneham  had  travelled,  having  been 
a  Mercer  and  Merchant-adventurer;  and  the  very  conceits  he  had  brought  with  him  from 
the  Continent,  had  contributed  to  fit  him  for  his  duties  in  no  ordinary  manner.     The 
Courtiers  of  Elizabeth's  time,  with  a  few  exceptions,  were  young  men  of  romantic  and 
enthusiastic  imaginations,  full  of  love,  chivalry,  and  poetical  expressions  ;  and  therefore, 
one  who   could  ornament  his  conversation  with  fragments  of  foreign  languages  and 
flowery  metaphors,  was  of  all  others  fitted  to  be  the  amusing  servant  of  such  a  Court 


LIFE    OF    LANEHAM.  425 

Laneham  would  indeed  seem  to  have  had  qualifications  of  no  ordinary  degree;  for 
besides  the  knowledge  of  Continental  manners  that  he  had  acquired  in  his  travels,  his 
mind  was  well  stored  with  ancient  Romances,  Chronicles,  and  Poetry  of  all  descriptions  ; 
and  it  was  in  consequence  of  this  that  he  was  so  minute  in  his  account  of  Captain  Cox's 
library.  Of  his  love  for  Bibliography  there  can  be  no  doubt,  because  in  one  part  of  his 
letter  he  thus  speaks  :  "  I  have  leisure  sometime  when  I  attend  not  upon  the  Council ; 
whereby  now  I  look  on  one  book,  and  now  on  another.  Stories  I  delight  in,  the  more 
ancient  and  rare,  the  more  likesome  unto  me."  Surely  such  an  assertion  as  this  will  be 
sufficient  to  rank  the  name  of  Robert  Laneham  with  the  most  eminent  of  the  lovers  of 
early  English  Poetry  and  Romances  of  the  present  day. 

These,  then,  were  probably  the  qualifications  which  procured  for  Laneham  the  favour 
of  Leicester;  but  it  is  much  more  difficult  to  explain  a  title  which  he  applies  to  himself 
twice  in  the  course  of  the  following  letter,  namely,  that  of  "  the  Black  Prince."  It 
might  possibly  be  allusive  to  the  sign  by  which  his  mercer's  shop  had  been  known  in 
London,  and  this  appears  to  be  the  most  plausible  supposition,  for  names  so  contrived 
might,  at  a  former  period,  have  been  current  among  the  tradesmen  of  commercial  cities. 
It  was  also  a  common  practice  of  Elizabeth's  reign,  especially  with  the  higher  orders  of 
society,  to  invent  romantic  appellations  for  their  most  familiar  acquaintance;  but  the 
first  supposition  is  probably  the  nearest  to  the  truth,  since  Laneham  makes  use  of  the 
title  when  writing  to  an  intimate  friend,  a  citizen,  and  one  in  the  same  branch  of 
business  which  he  himself  had  followed.  This  circumstance  serves  to  corroborate  that 
it  was  a  title  used  by  his  mercantile  associates,  rather  than  one  given  him  from  a  more 
fashionable  source. 

Such  are  nearly  all  the  particulars  now  extant  concerning  Laneham  ;  and  it  is  evident 
that  these  were  in  the  mind  of  the  Author  of  "  Kenilworth,"  when  he  wrote  the  admirable 
description  of  Laneham  waiting  in  the  anti-room  at  Greenwich  Palace,  where  he  even 
notices  the  convivial  habits  of  that  singular  character,  which  gave  a  flushed  and  rosy 
tint  to  his  face.  This  information  was  first  given  by  Laneham  himself  in  the  ensuing 
letter,  and  in  the  following  terms  :  "  But  in  faith  it  is  not  so :  for  sipped  I  no  more 
sack  and  sugar  than  I  do  malmsey,  I  should  not  blush  so  much  now-a-days  as  I  do '." 

1  Having  now  so  long  dilated  upon  Laneham's  life  and  the  duties  of  his  station,  it  will  not  be 
uninteresting  to  extract  his  portrait  from  the  Romance  of  "  Kenilworth"  itself j  it  may  well  be 
regarded  as  an  authentic  likeness,  and  nothing  can  more  properly  conclude  these  memoranda  con- 
cerning him.  "  Then  the  Earl  was  approached,  with  several  fantastic  congees,  by  a  person  quaintly 
dressed  in  a  doublet  of  black  velvet,  curiously  slashed  and  pinked  with  crimson  satin.  A  long  cock's 
feather  in  the  velvet  bonnet,  which  he  held  in  his  hand,  and  an  enormous  ruff,  stiffened  to  the  extre- 
mity of  the  absurd  taste  of  the  rimes,  joined  with  a  sharp,  lively,  conceited  expression  of  countenance, 
seemed  to  body  forth  a  vain,  hair-brained  coxcomb,  and  small  wit ;  while  the  rod  he  held,  as  an 
assumption  of  formal  authority,  appeared  to  express  some  sense  of  official  consequence,  which 
qualified  the  natural  pertness  of  his  manner.  A  perpetual  blush,  which  occupied  rather  the  sharp 
nose  than  the  thin  cheek  of  the  personage,  seemed  to  speak  more  of  •  good  life,'  as  it  was  called, 
than  of  modesty."     Vol.  ii.  p.  115. 

VOL.  I.  3   I 


426  THE    QUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


Unto  my  good  Freend,  Master  Humfrey  Martin,  Mercer. 

After  my  hartie  commendacionz,  I  commende  me  hartily  too  yoo.  Under- 
stande  yee,  that  sins  throogh  God  and  good  freends,  I  am  placed  at  Coourt  heer 
(as  yee  wot)  in  a  woorshipfull  room  :  whearby,  I  am  not  onlie  acquainted  with  the 
most,  and  well  knoen  to  the  best,  and  every  Officer  glad  of  my  company :  but 
also  have  poour,  adayz  (while  the  Councell  sits  not)  to  go  and  too  see  things  sight- 
worthy,  and  too  be  prezent  at  any  sheaw  or  spectacl,  ony  whear  this  Progress 
reprezented  unto  her  Highness  :  and  of  part  of  which  sportez,  having  takin  sum 
notez  and  observationz  (for  I  cannot  bee  idl  at  ony  hand  in  the  world)  az  well  to 
put  fro  me  suspition  of  sluggardy,  az  too  pluk  from  yoo  doout  of  ony  my  forget- 
fulness  of  freendship:  I  have  thought  it  meet  to  impart  them  unto  yoo,  as 
frankly,  az  freendly,  and  az  fully  as  I  can.  Well  wot  yee  the  Blak  Prinz  waz 
never  stained  with  disloyaltee  of  ingratitude  towarde  ony,  I  dare  be  his  warrant, 
hee  will  not  begine  with  yoo  that  hath  at  hiz  hand  so  deeply  dezerved. 

But  heerin,  the  better  for  conceyving  of  my  minde  and  instruction  of  yoors, 
ye  must  gyve  mee  leave  a  littl,  az  well  to  preface  untoo  my  matter,  az  to  discoors 
sumwhat  of  Kyllyngwoorth  Castl,  a  territory  of  the  Right  Honorabl,  my  sin- 
gular good  Lord,  my  Lord  the  Earl  of  Leyceter :  of  whooz  incomparabl  cheryng 
and  Enterteynment  thear  unto  her  Majesty  noow,  I  will  shew  yoo  a  part  heer  that 
coold  not  see  all ;  nor,  had  I  seen  all,  coold  well  report  the  hallf.  Whear  thynges, 
for  the  parsons,  for  the  place,  time,  cost,  devisez,  straungnes,  and  aboundauns  of 
all  that  ever  I  sawe  (and  yet  have  I  been,  what  under  my  Master  Bomsted,  and 
what  on  my  oun  atfayres,  whyle  I  occupied  merchaundyze,  both  in  Fraunce  and 
Flaunders  long  and  many  a  day)  I  saw  none  ony  where  so  memorabl,  I  tell  you 
plain. 

The  Castl  hath  name  of  Killing woorth,  but  of  truth  grounded  uppon  feythful 
storie  Kenelwoorth  *.  It  stonds  in  Warwykshyre,  a  lxxiiii  myle  North-west  from 
London,  and  az  it  were  in  the  navell  of  Englande,  foure  myle  sumwhat  South 
from  Coventree  a  proper  Cittee,  and  a  lyke  distaunce  from  Warwyk,  a  fayre  Shere 
Toun  on  the  North.  In  ayr  sweet  and  hollsum,  raised  on  an  eazy-mounted  hill, 
iz  sette  eevenlie  coasted  with  the  froont  straight  intoo  the  East,  hath  the  tenaunts 

'  See  before,  under  the  years  1565  and  1572. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  42  J 

and  Tooun  about  it,  that  pleasauntly  shifts  from  dale  too  hyll  sundry  whear  wyth 
sweet  springs  bursting  foorth  :  and  iz  so  plentifullie  well  sorted  on  every  sideintoo 
arabl,  meado,  pasture,  wood,  water,  and  good  ayrz,  as  it  appeerz  to  have  need  of 
nothing  that  may  perteyn  too  living  or  pleazure.  Too  avauntage  hath  it:  hard 
on  the  West,  still  nourisht  with  many  lively  springs,  a  goodly  Pool  of  rare 
beauty,  bredth,  length,  deapth,  and  store  of  all  kinde  fresh  water  fish,  delicat, 
great,  and  fat,  and  also  of  wyld  fooul  by  side.  By  a  rare  situacion  and  natural 
amitee  seemz  this  Pool  conjoyned  to  the  Castl  that  on  the  West  layz  the  head  az 
it  wear  upon  the  Castlz  boosom,  embraceth  it  on  eyther  side  Soouth  and  North 
with  both  the  arms,  settlz  it  self  az  in  a  reach  a  flight  shoot  brode  1,  stretching 
foorth  body  and  legs,  a  myle  or  two  Westward.  Between  a  fayre  Park  on  the  one 
side,  which  by  the  Brayz  2  is  linked  too  the  Castl  on  the  South,  sprinckled  at  the 
entrauns  with  a  feaw  Coonyez,  that  for  colour  and  smallnes  of  number,  seem  to 
be  suffered  more  for  pleasure  then  comoditee :  and  on  the  oother  side,  North  and 
West,  a  goodlie  chase;  vast,  wyde,  large,  and  full  of  red  Deer  and  oother  stately 
gamez  for  hunting.  Beautified  with  many  delectabl,  fresh,  and  umbragioous 
bowerz,  arberz,  seatz,  and  walks,  that  with  great  art,  cost,  and  diligens  wear  very 
pleazauntlie  appointed  ;  which  also  the  natural  grace  by  the  tall  and  fresh  fragrant 
treez  and  soil  did  so  far  foorth  coommend,  az  Diana  herself  myght  have  deyned 
thear  well  enough  too  raunge  for  her  pastime. 

The  left  arm  of  this  Pool  Northward  had  my  Lorde  adoourned  with  a  beautifull 
bracelet  of  a  fayre  tymbred  bridge,  that  iz  of  a  xiiii  foot  wide,  and  a  six  hundred 
foot  long  ;  railed  all  on  both  sidez,  strongly  planked  for  passage,  reaching  from  the 
Chase  too  the  Castl :  that  thus  in  the  midst  hath  clear  prospect  over  theez  pleazurz 
on  the  back  part :  and  forward,  over  all  the  Toun,  and  mooch  of  the  countree 
beside.     Heertoo,  a  speciall  commoditee  at  hand  of  sundrie  quarreiz   of  large 

1  This  passage  may  have  two  significations  :  One  derived  from  the  same  expression  which  Lane- 
ham  uses  when  speaking  of  the  fire-works,  in  which  place  it  is  understood  to  mean  a  flying  shot,  or 
one  discharged  from  a  mortar. — The  other  method  of  understanding  the  words  is,  supposing  that  a 
flight  signified  a  small  arrow ;  in  contradistinction  to  shafts,  quarrels,  bolts,  and  piles.  The  latter  of 
these  is,  however,  the  most  probable,  as  the  pool  itself  was  not  more  than  three  hundred  feet  in 
breadth. 

a  The  Park  at  Kenilworth  was  separated  from  the  Castle  on  the  South  side  by  a  part  of  the  pool,  but 
was,  as  the  text  states,  connected  as  it  were  with  the  building  by  the  sloping  banks  next  the  water. 
The  word  Bra,  Brae,  or  Bray,  in  the  northern  counties  and  Scotland  is  used  for  the  acclivity  of  a  hill 
and  the  brink  or  bank  of  a  river.     See  Grose  and  Jamieson.  * 


428  THE    ftUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

building  stone,  the  goodnes  whearof  may  the  eazlyar  be  judged,  in  the  bilding  and 
auncienty  of  the  Cast],  that  (az  by  the  name  and  by  storiez  well  may  be  gathered) 
was  first  reared  by  Kenulph,  and  hiz  young  sun  and  successor  Kenelm  ;  born  both 
indeed  within  the  Ream  heer,  but  yet  of  the  race  of  Saxons  l,  and  reigned  Kings  of 
Marchlond  from  the  year  of  our  Lord  798  too  2$  yeerz  toogyther,  above  770  yeer 
ago.  Altho'  the  Castl  hath  one  auncient  strong  and  large  Keep  that  is  called 
Ceazarz  Tour2,  rather  (az  I  have  good  cauz  to  think)  for  that  it  iz  square  and 
high  foormed  after  the  maner  of  Cezarz  Fortz  then  that  ever  he  bylt  it.  Nay 
noow  I  am  a  littl  in,  Master  Martin,  ile  tell  you  all. 

This  Marchlond,  that  storyerz  call  Mercia,  iz  numbered  in  their  bookes  the 
foourth  of  the  seaven  kingdomes  that  the  Saxans  had  whilom  heer  divided  among 
them  in  the  Ream.  Began  in  Ann.  Dom.  6l6,  1$9  yeer  after  Horsins3  and 
Engist;  continued  in  the  race  of  a  17  Kings,  a  249  yeer  together,  and  ended  in 
Ann.  875.  Reyzed  from  the  rest  (sayz  the  book)  at  first  by  Penda'z  prezumption4, 
overthroun  at  last  by  Buthred's  hascardy  5,  and  so  fel  to  the  kingdoom  of  the 
West  Saxons. 

And  Marchlond  had  in  it,  London,  Mildelsex,  heerin  a  bishoprik.  Had  more 
of  Shyrez  :  Gloceter,  Woorceter,  and  Warwick,  and  heerin  a  bishoprik.  Chester 
(that  now  we  call  Chesshyre),  Darby,  and  Staflfoord,  wheruntoo  one  Bishop  that 
had  also  part  of  Warwyk  and  Shrewsbery,  and  hiz  See  at  Coventree  that  waz 
then  aforetime  at  Lychfeeld.  Heretoo,  Hereford,  wherin  a  bishoprik  that  had 
more  too  jurisdiction,  half  Shreusbury,  part  of  Warwyk  and  also  of  Gloceter,  and 
the  See  at  Hereford.  Also  had  Oxford,  Buckingham,  Hertford,  Huntingdon, 
and  halfe  of  Bedforde  ;  and  to  theez,  Northampton,  part  of  Leyceyter,  and  also 
Lincoln,  whearunto  a  Bishop,  whoz  See  at  Lincoln  Citee  that  sumtime  before 
was  at  Dorchester.     Heertoo  the  rest   of  Leyceter,  and  in  Nottingham,  that  of 

'  Florileg.  fol.  221  and  225. 

2  Guil.  Malmesb.  lib.  I. 

3  Another  copy  reads  "  Horsus  "  rectius  Horsa. 

4  In  the  year  642,  Penda  King  of  Mercia  invaded  the  dominions  of  Oswald  King  of  Northum- 
berland ;  who  was  slain  after  a  fierce  battle  at  Maserfield.  Burthred  or  Buthred,  who  is  mentioned 
in  the  context,  was  the  last  King  of  Mercia ;  whose  kingdom  was  invaded  in  874,  by  the  West-Saxons, 
under  Alfred.     Thus  overpowered  he  fled  to  Rome,  where  he  died. 

s  The  latter  of  these  words,  signifies  a  dispersion  or  scattering,  the  cause  of  which,  has  been  rela- 
ted in  the  preceding  note.  Hascardy  is  derived  from  the  Saxon  Aj-cabian,  which  is  of  the  same  inter- 
pretation.    See  Somner. 


THE   ClUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  I575.  429 

olid  had  a  speciall  Bishop,  whooz  See  waz  at  Leyceter;  but  after  put  to  the 
charge  of  the  Archbishop  of  Yorke. 

Noow  touching  the  name,  that  of  olid  recordes  I  understand,  and  of  auncient 
writers  I  finde,  iz  called  Kenelworth  ;  syns  most  of  the  Worths  in  England  stand 
ny  untoo  like  lakez,  and  ar  eyther  small  ilandz,  such  one  as  the  seat  of  this  Castl 
hath  been,  and  eazly  may  bee,  or  is  lond  ground  by  pool  or  river  whearon  willoz, 
allderz,  or  such  like  doo  gro.  Which  Althamerus l  writez  precizely  that  the  Ger- 
mains  cal  Werd  2 :  joyning  these  too  togither  with  the  nighness  allso  of  the 
woords  and  sybred  3  of  the  toongs,  I  am  the  bolder  to  pronoouns,  that  az  our 
English  Woorth,  with  the  rest  of  oour  auncient  langage,  waz  leaft  us  from  the 
Germains  ;  eeven  so  that  their  Werd  and  our  Woorth  iz  all  one  thing  in  signi- 
fiauns,  common  too  us  both,  e'en  at  this  day.  I  take  the  case  so  clear,  that  I  say 
not  az  mooch  az  I  moought.  Thus  proface  ye  with  the  preface ;  and  nowe  to 
the  matter. 

On  Saterday  the  nyenth  of  July,  at  Long  Ichington,  a  Toun  and  lordship  of 
my  Lord's,  within  a  seaven4  myle  of  Killingworth,  his  Honor  made  her  Majesty 
great  cheer  at  dinner,  and  pleazaunt  pastime  in  hunting  by  the  wey  after,  that  it 
was  eight  a  clock  in  the  evening  ear  her  Highness  came  too  Killingwoorth ; 
whear  in  the  park,  about  a  flight  shoot  from  the  Brayz  and  first  gate  of  the  Castl, 
one  of  the  ten  Sibills,  that  (we  reed)  wear  all  Fatidicae  and  Theobulse,  (az  parties 

1  Andrew  Althamer,  a  Lutheran  minister  of  Nuremberg,  who  lived  about  1560;  he  wrote  several 
controversial  works,  and  some  valuable  notes  on  Tacitus,  from  which  the  passage  in  the  text  is 
taken. — See  Dictionaire  Universe]. 

The  termination  Worth,  which  is  mentioned  in  the  text  to  signify  land  situate  by  water,  is  more 
properly  derived  from  the  Saxon  pojvS,  a  court  or  farm  ;  and  hence  the  place  was  originally  denomi- 
nated Kenelm's  Worth,  or  the  Court  of  Kenelm. 

2  Upon  Tac.  fol.  142.  The  Germans  call  werk  that  we  call  woork ;  werlt  woorld;  wermut,  worm- 
wood ;  so  viel  wert,  so  much  woorth. 

3  A  word  signifying  kindre,  from  the  Saxon  Sibpeben — Consanguinity. — See  Lye. 

*  Another  copy  erroneously  states  this  Town  to  be  only  three  miles  distant  from  Kenilworth.  In 
Dr.  Thomas's  edition  of  Dugdale's  Warwickshire,  Lond.  1730,  vol.  I.  p.  345,  it  is  related  that  at  the 
period  mentioned  in  the  text,  "  the  Earl  of  Leicester  gave  the  Queen  a  glorious  Entertainment  here, 
in  her  passage  to  Kenilworth  Castle,  erecting  a  tent  of  extraordinary  largeness  for  that  purpose,  the 
pins  belonging  whereto  amounted  to  seven  cart-loads ;  by  which  the  magnificence  thereof  may  be 
guessed  at."  Laneham  also  subsequently  notices  this  circumstance,  when  speaking  of  the  prepara- 
tions for  the  Queen's  reception  at  Kenilworth. 


430  THE    €IUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

and  privy  too  the  Gods  gracious  good  willz)  cumly  clad  in  pall  of  white  sylk1, 
pronounced  a  proper  poezi  in  English  rime  and  meeter2;  of  effect,  hoow  great 
gladnesse  her  goodnesse  3  prezenze  brought  into  everie  stede4  whear  it  pleazed  her 
too  cum,  and  speciall  now  into  that  place  that  had  so  long  longed  after  the  same ; 
ended  with  prophesie  certain,  of  mooch  and  long  prosperitee,  health,  and  feli- 
citee.  This  her  Majestie  benignly  accepting,  passed  foorth  untoo  the  next  gate 
of  the  Brayz,  which  for  the  length,  largenes  and  use  (as  well  it  may  so  serve)  they 
call  noow  the  Tylt  yard,  whear  a  Porter,  tall  of  person,  big  of  lim,  and  stearn  of 
coountinauns,  wrapt  also  all  in  silke,  with  a  club  and  keiz  of  quantitee  according, 
had  a  rough  speech  full  of  passions  in  meeter  aptly  made  to  the  purpose ;  whearby 
(az  her  Highnes  was  cum  within  his  warde)  hee  burst  out  in  a  great  pang  of  im- 
patiens  to  see  such  uncooth  trudging  too  and  fro,  such  riding  in  and  out,  with 
such  dyn  and  noiz  of  talk  within  the  charge  of  his  offis :  whearof  hee  never  saw 
the  like,  nor  had  any  warning  afore,  ne  yeet  coold  make  too  himself  any  cauze  of 
the  matter.  At  last  upon  better  vieu  and  avisement,  az  hee  preast  too  cum 
neerar,  confessing  anon  that  hee  found  himself  pearced  at  the  prezens  of  a  per- 
sonage so  evidently  expressing  an  heroicall  Soveraintee  over  all  the  whole  estates, 
and  by  degreez  thear  besyde,  callm'd  his  stoniz  5,  proclaims  open  gates  and  free 
passage  to  all,  yeelds  up  hiz  club,  hiz  keyz,  hiz  office  and  all,  and  on  hiz  kneez 
humbly  prayz  pardon  of  hiz  ignorauns  and  impaciens ;  which  her  Highness  gra- 
ciouslie  graunting,  he  cauzd  his  trumpetoourz,  that  stood  uppon  the  wall  of  the 
gate  thear,  too  soound  up  a  tune  of  welcum  :  which,  besyde  the  nobl  noyz,  was 
so  mooch  the  more  pleazaunt  too  behold,  becauz  theez  trumpetoourz,  beeing  sixe 
in  number,  wear  every  one  an  eight  foote  hye,  in  due  proportion  of  parson  besyde, 
all  in  long  garments  of  sylk  suitabl,  eache  with  hiz  sylvery  trumpet  of  a  five  foot 
long,  formed  taper  wyse,  and  straight  from  the  upper  part  untoo  the  neather  eend, 
whear  the  diameter  was  a  16  ynches  over,  and  yet  so  tempered  by  art,  that  being 
very  eazy  too  the  blast,  they  cast  foorth  no  greater  noyz  nor  a  more  unpleazaunt, 

1  A  long  and  large  upper  mantle  was  denominated  a  pall,  from  the  Latin  pallium,  or  palla,  a  cloak. 
The  great  mantle  worn  by  the  Knights  of  the  Garter,  is  by  ancient  writers  called  pallium. 

2  These  verses  are  given  in  Gascoigne's  "  Princelye  Pleasures." 
s  Another  copy  reads  **■  gracious  presence." 

That  is  to  say,  every  where,  or  into  every  place  j  the  word  stead  is  from  the  Saxon  Stebe,  a  room 
or  place.     See  Somner.  5  Stoniz — astonishment ;  Fr.  estonner. 


THE    GlUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  431 

soound  for  time  and  tune,  than  any  oother  common  trumpet,  bee  it  never  so  arti- 
ficially foormed.  Theese  armonious  blasterz,  from  the  foreside  of  the  gate  at  her 
Highnes'  entraunse  whear  they  began  ;  walking  upon  the  wallz,  untoo  the  inner; 
had  this  muzik  mainteined  from  them  very  delectably,  while  her  Highness  all 
along  this  Tylt-yard  rode  unto  the  inner  gate  next  the  base  coourt  of  the  Castl  : 
where  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  l  (famous  in  King  Arthur'z  book)  with  two  nymphes 
waiting  uppon  her,  arrayed  all  in  sylks,  attending  her  Highness  comming :  from 
the  midst  of  the  pool,  whear  upon  a  moovable  island,  bright  blazing  with  torches, 
she  floting  to  land,  met  her  Majesty  with  a  well-penned  meter  s  and  matter  after 
this  sort:  viz.  first  of  the  auncientee  of  the  Castl,  whoo  had  been  ownerz  of  the 
same  e'en  till  this  day,  most  allweyz  in  the  hands  of  the  Earls  of  Leyceter ;  hoow 
shee  had  kept  this  Lake  sins  King  Arthur'z  dayz  ;  and  now  understanding  of  her 
Highness  hither  cumming,  thought  it  both  office  and  duetie,  in  humble  wize  to 
discover  her  and  her  estate  ;  offering  up  the  same  her  Lake  and  poour  therein, 
with  promise  of  repayre  unto  the  Coourt.  It  pleazed  her  Highness  too  thank 
this  Lady,  and  too  add  withall, "  we  had  thought  indeed  the  Lake  had  been  oours, 
and  doo  you  call  it  yourz  noow  ?  Well,  we  will  herein  common  more  with  yoo 
hereafter." 

This  Pageaunt  was  cloz'd  up  with  a  delectable  harmony  of  hautboiz,  shalmz  3, 

1  The  Lady  of  the  Lake  was  a  distinguished  character  in  the  celebrated  Romance  called  "  La  Morte 
d' Arthur,"  and  in  the  xxvth  chapter  of  the  1st  book  of  that  Work  she  is  thus  introduced.     "  Soo 
they  rode  tyl  they  came  to  a  lake  the  whiche  was  a  fayr  water,  and  brood.     And  in  the  myddes  of  the 
Lake,  Arthur  was  ware  of  an  arme  clothed  in  white  samyte  [i.  e.  satin]  that  held  a  fayr  swerd  in  that 
hand ;  loo,  said  Merlin,  yonder  is  that  swerd  that  I  spak  of,  with  that  they  sawe  a  damoisel  going  upon 
the  Lake ;  what  damoisel  is  that?  said  Arthur;  that  is  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  said  Merlin."     From 
this  Lady  it  was  that  King  Arthur  received  his  sword  Excalibor,  which  some  have  explained  to  sig- 
nify cut  steel,  and  others  have  supposed  to  be  a  Hebrew  term,  meaning  more  precious  than  iron  or 
steel.     At  the  conclusion  of  the  Romance  this  famous  sword  is  again  cast  into  the  Lake,  when  the 
same  hand  receives  it ;  the  dying  Arthur  is  also  taken  into  a  barge  wherein  were  many  '*  fayr  ladyes 
and  amonge  hem  al  was  a  Quene,  and  al  they  had  blacke  hoodes,  and  al  they  wepte,  and  shryked 
when  they  sawe  Kyng  Arthur."     Such  was  that  Sovereign's  departure  from  this  world,  but  yet  he  is 
not  supposed  to  be  dead,  but  only  sleeping  on  the  magic  lap  of  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  "  by  the  wylle 
of  our  Lord  Jhesu  in  another  place,  and  men  say  that  he  shal  come  ageyn  and  he  shal  wynne  the 
Holy  Crosse."— See  "  La  Morte  d' Arthur,"  Caxton's  edit.  14S5. 

9  This  will  be  found  in  Gascoigne's  account,  as  delivered. 

3  The  word  shalm,  or  shawm,  is  derived  from  the  German  gefjalme,  a  musical  instrument  j  it,  however, 
strictly  signifies  a  psaltery  or  species  of  harp.  The  cornet  is  a  horn,  as  its  name  signifies  in  several 
languages. — See  Bailey,  Buy,  &c. 


432  THE    GLUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

cornets,  and  such  oother  looud  muzik,  that  held  on  while  her  Majestie  pleazauntly 
so  passed  from  thence  toward  the  Castl  gate  ;  whearunto,  from  the  baze  Coourt 
over  a  dry  valley,  cast  into  a  good  foorm,  waz  thear  framed  a  fayre  Bridge  of  a 
twentie  foot  wide,  and  a  seaventy  foot  long,  graveld  for  treading,  railed  on  either 
part  with  seaven  posts  on  a  side,  that  stood  a  12  foot  asunder,  thikned  betweene 
with  well-proportioned  pillars  turn'd. 

Upon  the  first  payr  of  posts  were  set  too  cumly  square  wyre  cagez,  each  a  three 
foot  long,  too  foot  wide;  and  hy  in  them  live  bitters,  curluz,  shoovelarz,  hearsh- 
eawz,  godwitz,  and  such  like  deinty  byrds,  of  the  prezents  of  Sylvanus  the  god 
of  Foul. 

On  the  second  payr,  too  great  sylver'd  bollz,  featly  apted  too  the  purpoze,  filde 
with  applz,  pearz,  cherriz,  fylberdz,  walnutz,  fresh  upon  their  braunches,  and 
with  oranges,  poungarnets,  lemmanz,  and  pipinz,  all  for  the  giftz  of  Pomona 
goddes  of  Frutez. 

The  third  pair  of  posts,  in  too  such  sylver'd  bollz,  had  (all  in  earz  green  and 
old)  wheat,  barly,  ootz,  beans,  and  peaz,  az  the  gifts  of  Ceres. 

The  fourth  post  on  the  leaft  hand,  in  a  lyke  sylvered  boll,  had  grapes  in  clusters 
whyte  and  red,  gracified  with  their  vine  leavez.  The  match  post  against  it  had  a 
payre  of  great  whyte  sylver  lyvery  pots  for  wyne :  and  before  them,  too  glassez  of 
good  capacitie,  fill'd  full :  the  t'on  with  whyte  wine,  the  two  other  with  claret :  so 
fresh  of  coolor,  and  of  look  so  lovely,  smiling  to  the  eyz  of  many,  that  by  my 
feith  mee  thought,  by  their  leering,  they  could  have  foound  in  their  harts  (az  the 
evening  was  hot)  to  have  kist  them  sweetlie,  and  thought  it  no  sin  :  and  theez  for 
the  potencial  prezents  of  Bacchus,  the  god  of  Wine. 

The  fift  payr  had  each  a  fair  large  trey  streawd l  with  fresh  grass  ;  and  in  them 
coonger,  burt,  mullet,  fresh  herring,  oisters,  samon,  crevis,  and  such  like,  from 
Neptunus,  god  of  the  sea. 

On  the  sixth  payr  of  posts  wear  set  two  ragged  stavez  of  sylver,  as  my  Lord 
givez  them  in  armz,  beautifully  glittering  of  armour,  thereupon  depending,  bowz, 
arroz,  spears,  sheeld,  head-pees,  gorget,  corslets,  swoords,  targets,  and  such  like, 
for  Mars  gifts,  the  god  of  war.  And  the  aptlyer  (methought)  waz  it  that  thooz 
ragged  staves  supported  theez  martial  prezents,  as  well  becauz  theez  staves  by 
their  tines  seem  naturallie  meete  for  the  bearing  of  armoour,  as  also  that  they 

'  In  another  copy,  "  streawd  a  little  with  fresh  grass." 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  433 

chiefly  in  this  place  might  take  upon  them  principall  protection  of  her  Highnes 
parson,  that  so  benignly  pleazed  her  to  take  herbour. 

On  the  seaventh  posts,  the  last  and  next  too  the  Castl,  wear  thear  pight 1  too 
saer  Bay  braunchez  of  a  four  foot  hy,  adourned  on  all  sides  with  lutes,  viollz, 
shallmz,  cornets,  flutes,  recorders  2,  and  harpes,  az  the  prezents  of  Phoebus  the 
god  of  Muzik,  for  rejoycing  the  mind,  and  also  of  phizik,  for  health  to  the  body. 

Over  the  Castl  Gate  was  there  fastened  a  tabl  beautifully  garrtisht  aboove  with 
her  Highness'  Armes,  and  featlie  with  ivy  wreathz  boordred  aboout,  of  a  ten  foot 
square :  The  ground  blak,  whearupon  in  large  white  capitall  Roman  fair  written, 
a  poem  mencioning  theez  gods  and  their  gifts,  thus  prezented  untoo  her  Highness : 
Which,  becauz  it  remained  unremooved,  at  leizure  and  pleaze  3  I  took  it  oout,  as 
foloeth  4  : 

AD    MAJESTATEM    REGIAM. 

Jupiter  hue  certos  cernens  te  tendere  gressus 
Caelicolas  Princeps  actutum  convocat  Omnes  : 
Obsequium  prsestare  jubet  Tibi  quenque  benignum. 
Unde  suas  Sylvanus  aves,  Pomonaque  fructus, 
Alma  Ceres  fruges,  hilarantia  vina  Liceus, 
Neptunus  Pisces,  tela  et  tutantia  Mavors, 
Suave  Melos  Phoebus,  solidam  longamque  salutem. 
Dii  Tibi  Regina  haec  (cum  sis  Dignissima)  prsebent : 
Haec  Tibi,  cum  Domino,  dedit  se  &  werda  Kenelmi. 

All  the  Letters  that  mention  her  Majesty,  which  heer  I  put  capitall,  for  reverens 
and  honour  wear  thear  made  in  Gold. 

1  This  word  is  the  ancient  preterite  and  participle  past  of  the  verb  to  pitch.  It  signifies,  generally, 
any  thing  placed,  fixed,  pitched,  or  determined.     See  Bailey. 

2  These  were  wind-instruments  somewhat  resembling  flutes,  or  rather  clarionets ;  for,  by  the 
description  which  is  given  of  one  by  Lord  Bacon,  in  the  second  century  of  his  "  Sylva  Sylvarum,"  at 
the -159th  and  161st  experiments,  it  may  be  ascertained  that  the  instrument  was  blown  into  at  one  end. 
It  appears  from  the  same  authority,  that  it  consisted  of  a  tube  with  stops  or  wind-holes,  and  a  fipple, 
or  mouth-piece ;  the  lower  end  was  open,  like  the  flageolets  of  the  present  time.  The  word  fipple, 
used  by  Bacon  for  mouth-piece,  literally  signifies  a  stopper,  from  the  Latin  fibuli,  whence  it  may  be 
argued  that  the  upper  end  of  the  Recorder  terminated  in  a  cap,  from  which  issued  the  pipe  that 
conveyed  the  breath  throughout  the  whole  instrument.     See  Mallett's  Bacon,  vol.  I.  and  Bailey. 

3  "  Pleazure."  *  We  learn  from  Gascoigne  that  these  verses  were  written  by  M.  Paten. 
VOL.  I.  3  K 


434  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

But  the  night  well  spent,  for  that  theez  Versez  by  torch  light  coold  not  easily 
bee  read ;  by  a  Poet,  thearfore,  in  a  long  ceruleoous  1  garment,  with  a  side  and 
wide  sleeves  2  Venecian  wize  drawen  up  to  his  elboz,  his  dooblett  sleevez  under 
that  crimzen,  nothing  but  silke;  a  bay  garland  on  hiz  head,  and  a  skro3  in  his 
hand,  making  first  a  humble  obeizaunz  at  her  Highness'  cummyng,  and  pointing 
untoo  everie  prezent  as  he  spake  ;  the  same  war  pronounced ;  pleazauntly  thus 
viewing  the  gifts,  az  she  past,  and  how  the  posts  might  agree  with  the  speech  of 
the  Poet.  At  the  eend  of  the  bridge  and  entree  of  the  gate,  waz  her  Highnes 
received  with  a  fresh  delicate  armony  of  flutz,  in  perfourmauns  of  Phoebus  prezents. 

So  passing  intoo  the  inner  Coourt,  her  Majesty  (that  never  ridez  but  alone) 
thear  set  doun  from  her  pallfrea,  was  conveied  up  to  chamber:  When  after  did 
folio  so  great  a  peal  of  gunz,  and  such  lightning  by  fyrwork  a  long  space  toogither, 
as  Jupiter  woold  sheaw  himself  too  bee   no  further  behind   with  hiz   welcum 

1  Azure-blue,  or  sky-colour,  from  the  Latin  ceruleus.  Anciently,  blue  dresses  were  worn  by  all 
servants.     See  Strutt. 

2  Side  and  wide  sleevez  side  or  syde,  in  the  North  of  England,  and  in  Scotland,  is  used  for  long, 
when  applied  to  the  garment ;  and  the  word  has  the  same  signification  in  Anglo-Saxon  and  Islandic 
or  Danish. 

"  The  Erie  Jamiss  with  his  Rowte  hale 
Thare  gert  stent  thare  Pavillownys, 
And  for  the  Hete  tuk  on  syd  Gwnys." 

Wyntown's  Chronicle,  vol.  II.  339. 

The  wide  and  long-pocketed  sleeve,  ealled  by  Heralds  the  manche,  was  much  in  fashion  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  IV.  Stowe,  in  his  Chronicle,  p.  327,  temp.  Henry  IV.  says,  "  This  time  was  used  exceeding 
pride  in  garments,  gownes  with  deepe  and  broade  sleeves  commonly  called  poke  sieves,  the  servants 
ware  them  as  well  as  their  masters,  which  might  well  have  been  called  receptacles  of  the  devil,  for 
what  they  stole,  they  hid  in  their  sleeves,  whereof  some  hung  down  to  the  feete,  and  at  least  to  the 
knees,  full  of  cuts  and  jagges. 

Again,  in  Fitzherbert's  "  Book  of  Husbandrie,"  is  the  following  passage  : 

"  Theyr  coses  be  so  syde  that  they  be  fayne  to  tucke  them  up  when  they  ride,  as  women  do  theyr 
kyrtels  when  they  go  the  market." 

-Of  these  Hoccleve,  a  master  of  that  age,  says, 

Nor  hath  this  land  less  need  of  brooms 
To  sweep  the  filth  out  of  the  street, 
Sen  side-sleeves  of  pennyless  grooms 
Will  lick  it  up  be't  dry  or  wet. 

Camden's  Remains.    Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa,  XV.  No.  II.  §  51. 
3  Skro — scroll. 


THE    QUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  435 

then  the  rest  of  hiz  gods ;  and  that  woold  he  have  all  the  countrie  to  kno ;  for 
indeed  the  noiz  and  flame  were  heard  and  scene  a  twenty  myle  of.  Thus  much, 
Master  Martin,  (that  I  remember  me,)  for  the  first  daiz  bien-venu.  Be  yee  not 
wery,  for  I  am  skant  in  the  midst  of  my  matter. 

On  Sunday :  the  forenoon  occupied  (az  for  the  Sabot  day)  in  quiet  and  vacation 
from  woork,  and  in  divine  servis  and  preaching  at  the  parish  Church :  The  after- 
noon in  excelent  muzik  of  sundry  swet  instruments,  and  in  dauncing  of  Lordes 
and  Ladiez,  and  oother  woorshipfull  degrees,  uttered  with  such  lively  agilitee  and 
commendable  grace,  az  whither  it  moought  be  more  straunge  too  the  eye,  or 
pleazaunt  too  the  minde,  for  my  part  indeed  I  coold  not  discern  ;  but  exceedingly 
well  was  it,  methought,  in  both. 

At  night  late,  az  though  Jupiter  the  last  night  had  forgot  for  biziness,  or 
forborn,  for  curtezy  and  quiet,  part  of  hiz  wellcoom  untoo  her  Highness  appointed, 
noow  entrins  at  the  fyrst  intoo  hiz  purpoze  moderatly  (az  mortalz  doo)  with  a 
warning  peec  or  too,  proceding  on  with  encres ;  at  last  the  Altitonant  displayz 
me  hiz  mayn  poour  ;  with  blaz  of  burning  darts,  flying  too  and  fro,  leamz  of 
starz  coruscant,  streamz  and  hail  of  firie  sparkes,  lightninges  of  wildfier  a  water 
and  lond,  flight  &  shoot  of  thunderboltz,  all  with  such  countinauns,  terror,  and 
vehemencie,  that  the  Heavins  thundred,  the  waters  soourged,  the  earth  shooke; 
in  such  sort  surly,  az  had  we  not  bee  assured  the  fulminant  Deitee  waz  all  but  in 
amitee,  and  could  not  otherwize  witnesse  hiz  wellcomming  unto  her  Highness  ;  it 
woold  have  made  mee,  for  my  part,  az  hardy  az  I  am,  very  veangeably  afeard. 
This  adoo  lasted  while  the  midnight  waz  past,  that  well  waz  me  soon  after  when 
I  waz  cought  in  my  cabayn :  and  this  for  the  secund  day. 

Munday  waz  hot,  and  thearfore  her  Highness  kept  in  till  a  five  a  clok  in  the 
eevening;  what  time  it  pleazz'd  her  to  ride  foorth  into  the  chace  too  hunt  the 
Hart  of  for  s  ;  which  foound  anon,  and  after  sore  chased,  and  chafed  by  the  hot 
pursuit  of  the  hooundes,  waz  fain  of  fine  fors  at  last  to  take  soil1.  Thear  to 
beholld  the  swift  fleeting  of  the  deer  afore,  with  the  stately  cariage  of  hiz  head 
in  his  swim  my  ng,  spred  (for  the  quantitee)  lyke  the  sail  of  a  ship  ;  the  hoounds 
harroing  after,  az  had  they  bin  a  number  of  skiphs  2  too  the  spoyle  of  a  karvell 3  ; 

1  A  term  used  in  hunting,  when  a  deer  runs  into  the  water.     See  Phillips. 

2  Skiffs,  ship-boats,  or  small  light  boats. 

3  A  Carvel,  or  Caravel,  was  a  species  of  light  round  vessel,  with  a  square  stern,  rigged  and  fitted  out 
like  a  galley,  and  of  about  140  tons  burthen.  Such  ships  were  formerly  much  used  by  the  Portuguese, 
and  were  esteemed  the  best  sailers  on  the  seas.     See  Phillips. 


43  6  THE    GLUEEN    AT    KILLING  WORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

the"  ton  no  lesse  eager  in  purchaz  of  his  pray,  than  waz  the  other  earnest  in 
savegard  of  hiz  life ;  so  az  the  earning  of  the  hoounds  l  in  continuauns  of  their 
crie,  the  swiftness  of  the  deer,  the  running  of  footmen,  the  galloping  of  horsez, 
the  blasting  of  hornz,  the  halloing  and  hewing  of  the  huntsmen2,  with  the  excel- 
lent echoz  between  whilez  from  the  woods  and  waters  in  valleiz  resounding ; 
moved  pastime  delectabl  in  so  hy  a  degre,  az,  for  ony  parson  to  take  pleazure  by 
moost  sensez  at  onez,  in  mine  opinion,  thear  can  be  none  ony  wey  comparable  to 
this ;  and  special  in  this  place,  that  of  nature  iz  foormed  so  feet  for  the  purpose ; 
in  feith,  Master  Martin,  if  ye  coold  with  a  wish,  I  woold  ye  had  bin  at  it :  Wei, 
the  hart  waz  kild,  a  goodly  deer,  but  so  ceast  not  the  game  yet. 

For  about  nien  a  clock,  at  the  hither  part  of  the  chase,  whear  torch-light  attended, 
oout  of  the  woods,  in  her  Majestiez  return,  rooughly  came  thear  foorth  Hombre 
Salvagio3,  with  an  oken  plant  pluct  up  by  the  roots  in  hiz  hande,  himself  forgrone 
all  in  moss  and  ivy ;  who,  for  parsonage,  gesture,  and  utterauns  beside,  coounte- 
naunst  the  matter  too  very  good  liking  ;  and  had  speech  to  effect :  That  continuing 
so  long  in  theez  wilde  wastes,  whearin  oft  had  he  fared  both  far  and  neer,  yet  hapt 
he  never  to  see  so  glorioous  an  assemble  afore ;  and  noow  cast  into  great  grief  of 
mind,  for  that  neyther  by  himself  coold  he  gess,  nor  knew  whear  else  too  bee 
taught,  what  they  should  be,  or  whoo  bare  estate.  Reports  sum  had  he  hard  of 
many  straunge  things,  but  brooyled  thearby  so  mooch  the  more  in  desire  of 
knoledge.     Thus  in  great  pangs  bethought  he,  and  call'd  he  upon  all  his  familiarz 

1  A  hunting  expression,  used  to  signify  the  barking  of  beagles  at  their  prey.     See  Bailey. 

3  Tourberville,  in  the  "  Noble  Art  of  Venerie  or  Hunting,"  4to.  Lond.  1611,  has  an  entire  chapter 
of  "  certaine  observations  and  subtleties  to  be  used  by  Huntsmen  in  hunting  an  Hart  at  force,"  and 
gives  us  the  words  of  encouragement  to  the  hounds  as  follows  : — 

"  Hyke  a  Talbot,  or  Hyke  a  Bewmont,  Hyke,  Hyke,  to  him,  to  him  ! 
There  he  goeth,  that's  he,  that's  he,  to  him,  to  him  ! 
To  him,  boyes,  counter,  to  him,  to  him  ! 
Talbot,  a  Talbot,  a  Talbot !" 

Such  is  the  cry, 

"  And  such  th'harmonious  din,  the  soldier  deems 
The  battle  kindling,  and  the  statesman  grave 
Forgets  his  weighty  cares  :  each  age,  each  sex, 
In  the  wild  transport  joins  !"  Somerville. 

3  Bp.  Percy  mistakes  his  appellation  of  the  print  at  the  end  of  the  third  volume  of  his  Old  Ballads. ; 
it  being  the  hombre  salvaggio  of  Laneham. 


THE    GtUEEN   AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  437 

and  companionz,  the  Fawnz,  the  Satyres,  the  Nymphs,  the  Dryades,  and  the 
Hamadryades  ;  but  none  making  aunswear,  whearby  his  cave  the  more  encreasing, 
in  utter  grief  and  extreem  refuge  calPd  he  allowd  at  last  after  his  olid  freend 
Echo,  "  that  he  wist  would  hyde  nothing  from  him,  but  tell  him  all,  if  she  wear 
heer."  "  Heer!"  (quoth  Echo).  "  Heer,  Echo,  and  art  thou  thear  ?"  (sayz  he). 
"  Ah  hoow  mooch  hast  thou  relieved  my  careful  spirits  with  thy  curtezy  onward. 
Ah,  my  good  Echo,  heer  is  a  marveiloous  prezenz  of  dignitee ;  what  are  they,  I 
pray  the  ?  who  iz  Soverain  ?  tell  me,  I  beseech  thee,  or  elz  hoow  moought  I 
kno?"  "I  kno!"  (quoth  she).  "  Rnoest  thou?"  (sayz  he);  "  marry,  that  is 
exceedingly  well.  Why  then,  I  dezire  thee  hartily  sho  mee  what  Majestie  (for 
no  mean  degree  is  it)  have  we  heer:  a  King  or  a  Queen  ?"  "  A  Queen?"  (quoth 
Echo).  "  A  Queen !"  sayez  hee,  pauzing  and  wisely  viewing  a  while ;  "  noow 
full  certeynlie  seemez  thy  tale  to  be  true."  And  proceeding  by  this  maner  of 
dialog,  with  an  earnest  beholding  her  Highness  a  while,  recounts  he  first  hoow 
justly  that  foormer  reports  agree  with  hiz  present  sight,  touching  the  beautiful 
linaments  of  coountenauns,  the  cumly  proportion  of  body,  the  prinsly  grace  of 
prezenz,  the  graciouz  giftz  of  nature,  with  the  rare  and  singular  qualities  of  both 
body  and  mind  in  her  Majesty  conjoyn'd,  and  so  apparent  at  ey.  Then  shortly 
rehearsing  Saterdaiz  acts,  of  Sibil's  salutation,  of  the  Porter's  proposition,  of  hiz 
Trumpetoour's  muzik,  of  the  Lake-Ladies  Oration,  of  the  seaven  Gods  seaven 
prezents ;  hee  reporteth  the  incredibl  joy  that  all  estatez  in  the  land  have  allweyz 
of  her  Highnes  whearsoever  it  cums  :  eendeth  with  presage  and  prayer  of  per- 
petuall  felicitee,  and  with  humble  subjection  of  him  and  hizzen,  and  all  that  they 
may  do.  After  this  sort  the  matter  went,  with  little  differens,  I  gesse,  saving  only 
in  this  point,  that  the  thing  which  heer  I  report  in  unpolisht  proez,  waz  thear 
pronounced  in  good  meeter  and  matter,  very  wel  indighted  in  rime.  Echo  finely 
framed  most  aptly  by  answerz  thus  to  utter  all l.  But  I  shall  tell  yoo,  Master 
Martin,  by  the  mass,  of  a  mad  adventure.  Az  thiz  Savage,  for  the  more  sub- 
mission, brake  hiz  tree  asunder,  kest  the  top  from  him,  it  had  allmost  light  upon 
her  Highness  hors  head ;  whereat  he  startld,  and  the  gentleman  mooch  dismayd. 
See  the  benignittee  of  the  Prins ;  as  the  footmen  lookt  well  to  the  hors,  and  hee 

1  The  speech  of  the  Savage  Man  in  verse,  as  delivered,  and  his  dialogue  with  Echo,  is  preserved  by 
Gascoigne. 


438  THE    aUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

of  generositee   soon   calmd   of   himself "no   hurt,  no  hurt!"  quoth  her 

Highness.     Which  words  I  promis  yoo  wee  wear  all  glad  to  heer ;  and  took 
them  too  be  the  best  part  of  the  Play. 

Tuisday,  pleazaunt  passing  of  the  time  with  muzik  and  daunsing ;  saving  that 
towards  night  it  liked  her  Majesty  too  walk  afoot  into  the  chase  over  the  bridge : 
whear  it  pleased  her  to  stand,  while  upon  the  pool  oout  of  a  barge  fine  appoynted 
for  the  purpoze,  too  heer  sundry  kinds  of  very  delectabl  muzik  ;  thus  recreated, 
and  after  sum  wallk,  her  Highnes  returned. 

Wednsday,  her  Majesty  rode  intoo  the  chase,  a  hunting  again  of  the  Hart  of 

fors.     The  deer,  after  hiz  property,  for  refuge  took  the  soyl :  but  so  master'd  by 

hote  pursuit  on  al  parts,  that  he  was  taken  quik  in  the  pool.     The  watermen 

held  him  up  hard  by  the  hed,  while,  at  her  Highnes'  commaundement,  he  lost 

hiz  earz  for  a  raundsum,  and  so  had  pardon  of  lyfe. 

Thursday,  the  foourteenth  of  this  July,  and  the  syxth  day  of  her  Majestyez 
cumming,  a  great  sort  of  Bandogs  l  whear  thear  tyed  in  the  utter  Coourt,  and 
thyrteen  Bearz  2  in  the  inner.     Whoosoever  made  the  pannell,  thear  wear  inoow 

1  Bewick  describes  the  Ban-dog  as  being  a  variety  of  the  mastiff,  but  lighter,  smaller,  and  more 
vigilant;  although  at  the  same  time  not  so  powerful.  The  nose  is  also  less,  and  possesses  somewhat 
of  the  hound's  scent ;  the  hair  is  rough,  and  of  a  yellowish  grey  colour,  marked  with  shades  of 
black.  The  bite  of  a  Ban-dog  is  keen,  and  considered  dangerous  j  and  its  attack  is  usually  made 
upon  the  flank.     Dogs  of  this  kind  are  now  rarely  to  be  met  with. 

2  Bear-baitings  were  at  this  time  not  only  considered  as  suitable  exhibitions  before  the  Queen  and 
her  Nobles,  but  the  amusement  was  under  the  particular  patronage  of  her  Majesty.  An  Order  of 
Privy  Council,  in  July  1591,  prohibits  the  exhibition  of  Plays  on  Thursdays,  because  on  Thursdays 
bear-baiting,  and  such  like  pastimes,  had  been  usually  practised:  and  an  injunction  to  the  same  effect 
was  sent  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  wherein  it  is  stated,  that  "  in  divers  places  the  players  do  use  to  recite 
their  plays  to  the  great  hurt  and  destruction  of  the  game  of  bear-baiting,  and  like  pastimes,  which 

.  are  maintained  for  her  Majesty's  pleasure.'' — When  confined  at  Hatfield  House,  Elizabeth  and  her 
sister  Mary  were  recreated  with  a  grand  exhibition  of  bear-baiting,  "  with  which  their  Highnesses 
were  right  well  content."  (Warton's  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Pope,  sect.  iii.  p.  85.)  The  French  Ambas- 
sadors were,  soon  after  her  ascension  to  the  throne,  entertained  with  bear  and  bull-baiting ;  and  she 
stood  to  see  the  exhibition  until  six  in  the  evening.  A  similar  exhibition  took  place  the  next  day  at 
Paris-garden  for  the  same  party.  The  Danish  Ambassador,  twenty-seven  years  afterwards,  was  en- 
tertained by  a  like  spectacle  at  Greenwich.  The  Bear-gar'dens  on  the  Bankside  are  too  well-known 
to  be  noticed  here,  further  than  to  mention  that  Crowley,  a  poet  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  describes 
them  as  then  existing,  that  they  exhibited  on  Sundays,  and  the  price  of  admission  to  Paris-garden 
was  one  halfpenny. 


THE    GIUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   15/5-  43^ 

for  a  queast,  and  one  for  challenge  and  need  wear.  A  wight  of  great  wizdoom 
and  gravitee  seemed  their  forman  to  be,  had  it  cum  to  a  Jury :  but  it  fell  oout 
that  they  wear  cauzd  too  appeer  thear  upon  no  such  matter,  but  onlie  too  aun- 
swear  too  an  auncient  quarrell  between  them  and  the  Bandogs,  in  a  cause  of  con- 
troversy that  hath  long  depended,  been  obstinatly  full  often  debated  with  sharp 
and  byting  arguments  a  both  sydes,  and  coold  never  be  decided,  grown  noow  too 
so  marveyloous  a  mallys,  that  with  spitefull  obrayds  and  uncharitabl  chaffings 
alweiz  they  freat,  az  far  az  any  whear  the  ton  can  heer,  see,  or  smell  the  toother  : 
and  indeed  at  utterly  deadly  fohod.  Many  a  maymd  member  (God  wot),  blody 
face,  and  a  torn  cote,  hath  the  quarrel  cost  betweene  them  ;  so  far  likely  the  lesse 
yet  noow  too  be  appeazd,  az  thear  wants  not  partakerz  too  bak  them  a  both  sidez. 

Well,  Syr,  the  bearz  wear  brought  foorth  intoo  the  Court,  the  dogs  set  too 
them,  too  argu  the  points  even  face  to  face ;  they  had  learnd  Coounsel  also  a 
both  parts :  what  may  they  be  coounted  parciall  that  are  retain  but  a  to  syde  ? 
I  ween  no.  Very  feers  both  ton  &  toother  and  eager  in  argument :  If  the  dog 
in  pleadyng  would  pluk  the  bear  by  the  throte,  the  bear  with  travers  woould 
claw  him  again  by  the  scalp ;  confess  and  a  list,  but  avoyd  a  coold  not  that  waz 
bound  too  the  bar  :  And  hiz  Coounsell  tolld  him  that  it  cold  be  too  him  no 
pollecy  in  pleading.  Thearfore  thus  with  fending  and  prooving,  with  plucking 
and  tugging,  skratting  and  byting,  by  plain  tooth  and  nayll  a  to  side  and  toother, 
such  expens  of  blood  and  leather  waz  thear  between  them,  az  a  moonths  licking, 
I  ween,  wyl  not  recoover  ;  and  yet  remain  az  far  out  az  ever  they  wear. 

It  was  a  sport  very  pleazaunt  of  theez  beastz  ;  to  see  the  bear  with  his  pink 
nyez  l  leering  after  hiz  enmiez  approch,  the  nimblness  and  wayt  of  the  dog  to 
take  hiz  avauntage,  and  the  fors  and  experiens  of  the  bear  agayn  to  avoyd  the 
assauts.  If  he  wear  bitten  in  one  place,  hoow  he  woold  pynch  in  an  oother  to 
get  free :  that  if  he  wear  taken  onez,  then  what  shyft,  with  byting,  with  claw- 

1  There  is  a  singular  coincidence  between  Laneham's  description  of  a  bear-fight,  and  that  given  in 
the  Romance  "  of  Kenilworth,"  where  the  Earl  of  Sussex  presents  a  petition  from  Orson  Pinnit, 
Keeper  of  the  Royal  Bears,  against  Shakspeare  and  the  players.  It  is  evident  that  the  author  of 
"  Kenilworth"  had  the  passage  in  his  mind  3  and  as  the  reader  may  also  like  to  compare  the  two 
passages,  an  extract  from  the  Romance  is  here  inserted  :  **  There  you  may  see  the  bear  lying  at  guard 
with  his  red  pinky  eyes,  watching  the  onset  of  the  mastiff  like  a  wily  captain,  who  maintains  his 
defence,  that  an  assailant  may  be  tempted  to  venture  within  his  danger."  See  Kenilworth,  vol.  II. 
p.  129. 


440  THE    GtUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1 5 J 5 . 

ying,  with  roring,  tossing  and  tumbling,  he  woold  woork  too  wynd  hymself  from 
them  :  and  when  he  waz  lose,  to  shake  his  ears  twyse  or  thryse  with  the  blud  and 
the  slaver  about  his  fiznamy,  was  a  matter  of  a  goodly  releef. 

As  this  sport  was  had  a  day  time,  in  the  Castl,  so  waz  thear  abrode  at  night, 
very  straunge  and  sundry  kindez  of  Fier-works  *,  compeld  by  cunning  to  fly  too 
and  fro,  and  too  mount  very  hye  intoo  the  ayr  upward,  and  also  too  burn  un- 
quenshabl  in  the  water  beneath ;  contrary,  ye  wot,  too  fyerz  kinde :  this  inter- 
mingld  with  a  great  peal  of  guns,  which  all  gave  both  to  the  ear  and  to  the  ey 
the  greater  fgrace  and  delight,  for  that  with  such  order  and  art  they  wear  tem- 
pered, toouching  tyme  and  continuans,  that  waz  about  too  hours  space. 

Noow  within  allso,  in  the  mean  time,  waz  thear  sheawed  before  her  Highness 
by  an  Italian,  such  feats  of  agilitie,  in  goinges,  turninges,  tumblinges,  castinges, 
hops,  jumps,  leaps,  skips,  springs,  gambaud,  soomersauts,  caprettiez  and  flights ; 
forward,  backward,  sydewize,  a  downward,  upward,  and  with  sundry  windings, 
gy rings  2,  and  circumflexions  ;  allso  lightly  and  with  such  easiness,  as  by  me  in 
feaw  words  it  iz  not  expressibl  by  pen  or  speech,  I  tell  yoo  plain.  I  bleast  me 
by  my  faith  to  behold  him,  and  began  to  doout  whither  a  waz  a  man  or  a  spirite, 
and  I  ween  had  dooubted  me  'till  this  time,  had  it  not  been  that  anon  I  be_ 
thought  me  of  men  that  can  reazon  and  talk  with  too  toongs,  and  with  two  par- 
sons at  onez,  sing  like  burds,  curteiz  of  behaviour,  of  body  strong,  and  in  joynts 
so  nymbl  withall,  that  their  bonez  seem  as  lythie  and  plyaunt  as  syneuz.  They 
dwel  in  a  happy  Hand  (az  the  Book  tearmz  it),  four  moonths  sayling  Southward 
beyond  Ethiop.  Nay,  Master  Martin,  I  tell  you  no  jest;  for  both  Diodorus 
Siculus,  an  auncient  Greek  Historiographer,  in   his  Third  Book3  of  the  Acts  of 

1  See  before,  p.  319,  under  the  year  1575,  when  Fireworks  were  introduced  for  the  Queen's 
amusement  at  Warwick. 

2  An  old  English  noun  formed  of  the  Latin  gyrus,  a  circuit  or  compass ;  a  career  or  circle. 

3  The  reference  made  in  the  text  to  the  third  book  of  this  author  is  erroneous ;  the  passage  alluded 
to,  being  in  the  fourth  chapter  of  the  second  book,  the  which,  as  it  tends  more  perfectly  to  illustrate 
Laneham's  remarks,  is  here  extracted  from  Booth's  translation  of  Diodorus  Siculus,  page  82.  "  The 
inhabitants  are  much  unlike  to  us  in  these  parts  of  the  world,  both  as  to  their  bodies  and  their  way 
of  living ;  but  among  themselves,  they  are  for  form  and  shape  like  one  to  another,  and  in  stature 
above  four  cubits  high  (six  feet).  They  can  bend  and  turn  their  bodies  like  unto  nerves  ;  and  as  the 
nervous  parts,  after  motion  ended,  return  to  their  former  state  and  position,  so  do  their  bones.  Their 
bodies  are  very  tender,  but  their  nerves  far  stronger  than  ours,  for  whatever  they  grasp  in  their  hands, 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    1575-  441 

the  Olid  Egypcians ;  and  also  from  him  Conrad  Gesnerus  l,  a  great  learned  man, 
and  a  very  diligent  Writer  in  all  good  arguments  of  oour  time  (but  deceased),  in 
the  first  chapter  of  hiz  Mithridates,  reporteth  the  same.  Az  for  thiz  fellow,  I 
cannot  tell  what  to  make  of  him,  save  that  I  may  gesse  hiz  bak  be  metalld  like  a 
lamprey,  that  haz  no  bone,  but  a  lyne  like  a  lute-string.  Well,  Syr,  let  him 
passe  and  hiz  featz,  and  this  dayz  pastime  withall,  for  heer  iz  az  mooch  az  I  can 
remember  mee  for  Thursdaiz  Entertainment. 

Friday  and  Saterday  wear  thear  no  open  sheawz  abrode,  becauz  the  weather 
enclynde  too  sum  moyster  and  wynde;  that  very  seazonably  temperd  the  drought 
and  the  heat,  cauzed  by  the  continuans  of  fayr  weather  and  sunshyne  afore,  all 
the  whyle  syns  her  Majestiez  thither  cumming. 

A  Sunday  opportunely  the  weather  brake  up  again,  and  after  divine  servis  in 
the  parish-church  for  the  Sabot-day,  and  a  frutefull  Sermon  thear  in  the  fore- 
noon :  At  afternoon  in  woorship  of  this  Kenelworth  Castl,  and  of  God  and  Saint 
Kenelm,  whooz  day  forsooth  by  the  calendar  this  waz ;  a  solemn  Brydeale2  of 

none  are  able  to  wrest  out  of  their  fingers.  They  have  not  the  least  hair  in  any  part  of  their  bodies, 
but  upon  their  heads,  eyebrows,  eyelids,  and  chins  ;  all  other  parts  are  so  smooth,  that  not  the  least 
down  appears  any  where.  They  are  very  comely  and  well-shaped,  but  the  holes  of  their  ears  are 
much  wider  than  ours,  and  have  something  like  little  tongues  growing  out  of  them.  Their  tongues 
have  something  in  them  singular  and  remarkable,  the  effect  both  of  nature  and  art ;  for  they  have 
partly  a  double  tongue,  naturally  a  little  divided,  but  cut  further  inwards  by  art,  so  that  it  forms  two, 
as  far  as  to  the  very  root,  and  therefore  there  is  great  variety  of  speech  among  them,  and  they  not  only 
imitate  man's  voice  in  articulate  speaking,  but  the  various  chatterings  of  birds,  and  even  all  sorts  of 
notes,  as  they  please ;  and  that  which  is  more  wonderful  than  all,  is,  that  they  can  speak  perfectly  to 
two  men  at  once,  both  in  answering  to  what  is  said,  and  aptly  carrying  on  a  continued  discourse 
relating  to  subject-matter  in  hand  ;  so  that  with  one  part  of  their  tongue  they  speak  to  one,  and  with 
the  other  part  to  the  other."  Diodorus,  surnamed  Siculus,  because  he  was  born  at  Argyra  in  Sicily, 
flourished  about  44  years  before  the  Christian  aera. 

1  An  eminent  Physician,  Naturalist,  and  Scholar  of  the  16th  century,  who  was  born  at  Zurich  in 
1516.  He  was  made  Professor  of  Greek  at  Lausanne,  and  at  Basil  he  took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Medicine.  After  having  published  many  valuable  works  in  Botany,  Medicine,  Natural  History,  and  Phi- 
lology, he  died  of  the  plague  in  the  year  1565,  aged  forty-nine.  His  "  Mithridates,"  mentioned  in  the 
text,  is  a  work  on  the  difference  of  tongues  throughout  the  world. 

2  As  the  account  of  this  rustic  bride-ale  has  a  considerable  share  of  the  ludicrous  mixed  up  with  it, 
the  following  description  of  the  procession  of  a  bride  of  middle  rank,  from  the  "  History  of  Jack  of 
Newbury,"  may  not  be  unacceptable :  "  The  bride,  being  attired  in  a  gown  of  sheep's  russet,  and 
a  kirtle  of  fine  worsted,  attired  with  abillement  of  gold,  and  her  hair  as  yellow  as  gold,  hanging  down 
behind  her,  which  was  curiously  combed  and  plaited,  she  was  led  to  church  between  two  sweet  boys, 

VOL.  I.  3  L 


442  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    I575. 

a  proper  coopl  waz  appointed  ;  set  in  order  in  the  Tylt-yard,  too  cum  and  make 
thear  sheaw  before  the  Castl  in  the  great  coourt,  whear  az  waz  pight  a  cumly 
Quintine1  for  featz  at  armz,  which  when  they  had  don,  too  march  out  at  the  North 
gate  of  the  Castl  homeward  againe  into  the  tooun. 

And  thus  were  they  marshalld.  Fyrst,  all  the  lustie  lads  and  bolld  bachelarz 
of  the  parish,  sutablie  every  wight  with  hiz  blu  buckeram  bridelace2  upon  a 
braunch  of  green  broom  (cause  rozemary  iz  skant  thear)  tyed  on  hiz  leaft  arme 
(for  a  that  syde  lyez  the  heart),  and  his  alder  poll  for  a  spear  in  his  right  hand, 
in  marciall  order  raunged  on  afore,  too  and  too  in  a  rank :  Sum  with  a  hat,  sum 
in  a  cap,  sum  a  cote,  sum  a  jerken,  sum  for  lightness  in  hiz  dooblet  and  hiz 
hoze,  clean  trust  with  a  point  afore:  Sum  botes  and  no  spurz,  he  spurz  and  no 
boots,  and  he  neyther  nother  :  One  a  sadel,  anoother  a  pad  or  a  pannell  fastened 
with  a  cord,  for  gyrts  wear  geazon  3 :  And  theez  to  the  number  of  a  sixteen  wight 

with  bride  laces  and  rosemary  tied  about  their  silken  sleeves.  There  was  fair  bride-cup  of  silver  gilt 
carried  before  her,  wherein  was  a  goodly  branch  of  rosemary,  gilded  very  fair,  hung  about  with  silken 
ribands  of  all  colours.  Musicians  came  next,  then  a  groupe  of  maidens,  some  bearing  great  bride- 
cakes, others  of  garlands  of  wheat  finely  gilded ;  and  thus  they  passed  unto  the  church." — Out  of  the 
bride-cup,  above  described,  it  was  customary  for  all  the  persons  present,  together  with  the  new-mar- 
ried couple,  to  drink  in  the  church.  There  is  a  ludicrous  reference  to  this  in  the  mad  wedding  of 
Catherine  and  Petruchio,  the  latter  of  whom 

QuafF'd  off  the  muscadel, 

And  threw  the  sops  all  in  the  sexton's  face. 
The  custom,  indeed,  was  universal,  from  the  Prince  to  the  Peasant ;  and  at  the  marriage  of  the 
Elector  Palatine  to  the  daughter  of  James  I.  in  1613,  we  are  informed  by.  an  eye-witness  there  was, 
"  in  conclusion,  a  joy  pronounced  by  the  King  and  Queen,  and  seconded  with  congratulation  of  the 
Lords  there  present,  which  crowned  with  draughts  of  Ippocras  out  of  a  great  golden  bowle,  as  an 
health  to  the  prosperity  of  the  marriage  (began  by  the  Prince  Palatine,  and  answered  by  the  Princess). 
After  which  were  served  up  by  six  or  seven  Barons  as  many  bowles  filled  with  wafers,  so  much  of  that 
work  was  consummate."  '  See  the  Note  in  p.  444. 

2  Laces  of  this  description  were  anciently  presented  to  all  the  guests  at  weddings,  and  scarfs  at 
funerals.     See  Ellis's  edit,  of  Brand. 

3  Or  geason,  an  ancient  word,  signifying  rare  or  scarce. — See  Phillips. 

"  And  if  we  speake  of  Astronomy, 
They  will  say  it  is  a  great  lye, 
For  they  can  no  other  reason ; 
But  all  that  knoweth  good  and  better, 
As  gentleman  that  loveth  swete  and  swetter, 
Wisdome  with  them  is  not  geason,"  &c. 

Shepheard's  Kalendar,  sign  A.  56*. 


THE    aUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575.  443 

riding  men  and  well  beseen :  But  the  bridegroom  formost,  in  his  fartherz  tawny- 
worsted  jacket  (for  his  freends  wear  fayn  that  he  shoold  be  a  brydegroom  before 
the  Queen),  a  fayr  strawn  hat  with  a  capitall  crooun,  steepl  wyze  on  hiz  hed :  a 
payr  of  harvest  glovez  on  his  hands,  az  a  sign  of  good  husbandry:  a  pen  and 
inkhorn  at  his  bak;  for  he  woold  be  knowen  to  be  bookish :  lame  of  a  leg,  that 
in  his  yooth  was  broken  at  football :  well  beloved  yet  of  his  mother,  that  lent  him 
a  nu  mufflar  for  a  napkin  that  was  tyed  too  hiz  girdl  for  lozyng.  It  was  no  small 
sport  too  marke  this  minion  in  hiz  full  apointment,  that  throogh  good  scoolation 
became  az  formal  in  his  action,  az  had  he  been  a  bridegroom  indeed  ;  with  this 
speciall  grace  by  the  wey,  that  ever  az  he  woold  have  framed  him  the  better 
countenauns,  with  the  woors  face  he  lookt. 

Well,  Syr,  after  theez  horsmen,  a  lively  morisdauns,  according  too  the  auncient 
manner;  six  dauncerz,  mawd-marion,  and  the  fool.  Then  three  pretty  puzels ', 
az  bright  as  a  breast  of  bacon,  of  a  thirtie  eere  old  apees,  that  carried  three 
speciall  spise-cakes  of  a  bushel  of  wheat  (they  had  it  by  meazure  oout  of  my  Lord's 
backhouse),  before  the  bryde:  Syzely  with  set  countenauns,  and  lips  so  demurely 
simpring,  as  it  had  been  a  mare  cropping  of  a  thistl.  After  theez,  a  loovely  loober 
woorts2,  freklfaced,  red  headed,  cleen  trust  in  hiz  dooblet  and  hiz  hoze  taken  up 
now  in  deed  by  commission,  for  that  he  was  so  loth  to  cum  forward,  for  reverens 
belike  of  his  nu  cut  canvas  dooblet ;  and  woold  by  his  good  will  have  been  but  a 
gazer,  but  found  to  bee  a  meet  actor  for  hiz  offis :  That  waz  to  beare  the  bride- 
cup,  foormed  of  a  sweet  sucket  barrell 3,  a  faire-turnd  foot  set  too  it,  all  seemly 
besylvered  and  parcell4  gilt,  adourned  with  a  beautiful  braunch  of  broom,  gayly 
begilded  for  rosemary  ;  from  which,  too  brode  brydelaces  of  red  and  yelloo 
buckeram  begilded,  and  galauntly  streaming  by  such  wind  az  thear  waz,  for  he 
carried  it  aloft:  This  gentl  cup-bearer,  yet  had  his  freckld  fiznemy  sum-what 
unhappily  infested  az  hee  went,  by  the  byzy  flyez  that  floct  about  the  bride-cup 
for  the  sweetness  of  the  sucket  that  it  savored  on;  but  hee,  like  a  tall  fello,  with- 

1  A  French  word  for  maids  or  virgins. 

2  A  dull,  heavy,  and  useless  fellow.  The  word  is  probably  derived  from  the  Danish  lubben,  gross 
or  fat,  and  vorte,  a  wart  or  wen.  See  Wolff. — Shakspeare  uses  the  latter  word  somewhat  in  this 
sense,  when  he  makes  Prince  Henry  say  to  Falstaff,  "  I  do  allow  this  wen  to  be  as  familiar  with  me  as 
my  dog." 

3  A  vessel  used  for  containing  sweetmeats,  for  which  sucket  is  the  ancient  word. 

4  Partially,  or  partly. 


444  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

stood  their  mallis  stoutly  (see  what  manhood  may  do),  bet  them  away,  kild  them 
by  scores,  stood  to  hiz  charge,  and  marched  on  in  good  order. 

Then  folloed  the  worshipful  bride,  led  (after  the  cuntrie  manner)  between  too 
auncient  parishioners,  honest  toounsmen.  But  a  stale  stallion,  and  a  well  spred 
(hot  az  the  weather  waz),  God  wot,  and  ill  smelling  waz  she;  a  thirtie-five1  yeer 
old,  of  colour  broun-bay,  not  very  beautifull  indeed,  but  ugly,  fooul  ill  favord ; 
yet  marveyloous  fain  of  the  offis,  because  shee  hard  say  she  should  dauns  before 
the  Queen,  in  which  feat  shee  thought  she  woold  foot  it  az  finely  az  the  best : 
well,  after  this  bride,  cam  thear  by  too  and  two,  a  dozen  damsel  for  bride-maides ; 
that  for  favor,  attyre,  for  facion  and  cleanlines,  were  as  meete  for  such  a  bride  az 
a  treen2  ladl  for  a  porige-pot;  mo  (but  for  fear  of  carrying  all  clean)  had  been  ap- 
pionted,  but  theaz  feaw  wear  inow. 

Az  the  cumpany  in  this  order  wear  cum  into  the  coourt,  marvelous  wear  the 
marcial  acts  that  wear  doon  thear  that  day ;  the  bryde-groome  for  pre-eminens 
had  the  fyrst  coors  at  the  Q,uintynez,  brak  hiz  spear  treshardiment ;  but  his  mare 

'  Another  copy  reads  "  thirty  yeer  old."  2  Treen — wooden,  made  of  tree. 

3  The  Quintain  was  a  martial  sport,  familiar  to  the  R.omans,  and  supposed  to  derive  its  name  from 
Quintus,  an  individual  of  that  Nation. — In  the  Glossary  to  Bishop  Kennett's  Parochial  Antiquities,  it 
is  stated  that  the  Quintain  was  a  customary  sport  •at  weddings.    It  consisted  of  an  upright  piece  with 
a  cross  piece,  one  end  of  which  is  broad,  and  pierced  full  of  holes,  and  to  the  other  is  appended  a  bag 
of  sand,  which  swings  round  upon  the  slightest  blow. — It  was  practised  during  the  early  feudal  ages 
of  modern  Europe,  by  the  higher  orders  of  Society,  and  probably  gave  origin  to  tilting,  justs,  and 
tournaments ;  the  elegance  and  splendour  of  which  soon  superseded  it  in  the  days  of  chivalry,  leaving 
the  more  humble  Quintain  as  an  exercise  for  the  citizens,  and  at  length  it  degenerated  into  a  mere 
rustic  sport.  A  rude  engraving  on  wood,  in  the  folio  Edition  of  Stowe's  Survey,  represents  the  Quintain 
as  formed  of  a  post  fixed  perpendicularly  in  the  ground,  with  a  cross-bar,  turning  upon  a  pivot  or 
spindle,  on  the  top,  having  a  broad  board  at  one  end,  and  a  bag  of  sand  suspended  at  the  other :  at 
this  board  they  ran  on  horseback  with  blunt  spears  or  staves ;  and  the  same  writer  describes  a  Quin- 
tain set  up  on  Cornhill  in  his  time,  which  "  made  great  pastime,  for  he  that  hit  not  the  broad 
end  of  the  Quinten,  was  of  all  men  laughed  to  scorn ;  and  he  that  hit  it  full,  if  he  rode  not  the 
faster,  had  a  sound  blowe  in  his  necke,  with  a  bag  full  of  sand  hanged  on  the  other  end."—"  The 
pastime  was,"  says  Hasted,  "  for  the  youth  on  horseback  to  run  at  it  as  fast  as  possible,  and  hit  the 
broad  part  in  his  career  with  much  force.     He  that  by  chance  hit  it  not  at  all  was  treated  with  loud 
peels  of  derision ;  and  he  who  did  hit  it,  made  the  best  use  of  his  swiftness,  lest  he  should  have  a 
sound  blow  on  his  neck  from  the  bag  of  sand,  which  instantly  swang  round  from  the  other  end  of 
the  Quintain.   The  great  design  of  this  sport  was  to  try  the  agility  of  the  horse  and  man,  and  to  break 
the  board,  which  whoever  did,  he  was  accounted  chief  of  the  day's  sport." 


THE  &UEEN  AT  KILLINGWORTH  CASTLE,  1575-  44"> 

in  hiz  manage  did  a  little  so  titubate,  that  mooch  adoo  had  hiz  manhood  to  sit  in  his 
saddl,  and  too  'scape  the  foyl  of  a  fall :  with  the  help  of  his  hand,  yet  he  recooverd 
himself,  and  lost  not  hiz  styrops  (for  he  had  none  to  his  saddl) ;  had  no  hurt  as 
it  hapt,  but  only  that  hiz  gyrt  burst,  and  lost  hiz  pen  and  inkhorn  that  he  vvaz 
redy  to  wep  for ;  but  his  handkercher,  az  good  hap  vvaz,  found  hee  safe  at  his 
gyrdl ;  that  cheerd  him  sum  what,  and  had  good  regard  it  should  net  be  fyeld. 
For  though  heat  and  coolness  upon  sundry  occazions  made  him  sum  time  too 
sweat,  and  sum  time  rumatick  ;  yet  durst  he  be  bollder  too  bio  hiz  noze  and 
wype  his  face  with  the  flapet  of  his  fatherz  jacket,  then  with  hiz  mother's  muf- 
flar :  'tiz  a  goodly  matter,  when  youth  is  manerly  brought  up,  in  fatherlie  loove 
and  motherly  aw. 

Noow,  Syr,  after  the  brydegroom  had  made  his  coors,  ran  the  rest  of  the  band 
a  whyle,  in  sum  order ;  but  soon  after,  tag  and  rag,  cut  and  long  tail l ;  whear 
the  speciality  of  the  sport  waz  to  see  how  sum  for  hiz  slackness  had  a  good  bob 
with  the  bag ;  and  sum  for  his  haste  too  toppl  dooun  right,  and  cum  tumbling 
to  the  post:  Sum  stryving  so  mooch  at  the  fyrst  setting  oout,  that  it  seemed  a 
question  between  the  man  and  the  beast,  whither  the  coors  shoold  be  made  a 
horsback  or  a  foot :  and  put  foorth  with  the  spurz,  then  wold  run  hiz  race  by  as 
among  the  thickest  of  the  throng,  that  dooun  cam  they  toogyther  hand  over  hed  : 
Anoother,  whyle  he  directed  his  coors  to  the  Quintyne,  his  jument2  woold  carry 
him  too  a  mare  amoong  the  pepl ;  so  his  hors  az  amoroos  az  himself  adventu- 
turoous  :  Another,  too,  run  and  miss  the  Quintyne  with  hiz  staff,  and  hit  the 
boord  with  his  hed ! 

Many  such  gay  gamez  wear  thear  among  theez  ryderz :  who  by  and  by  after, 
upon  a  greater  coorage,  left  their  quintining,  and  ran  one  at  another.     Thear  to 

1  This  phrase  occurs  in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  where  Slender,  after  the  declaration  of 
Shallow,  that  he  shall  maintain  Ann  Page  like  a  gentlewoman,  says,  "  Ay,  that  I  will,  come  cut  and 
long  tail,  under  the  degree  of  a  'squire."  It  is  also  found  in  the  First  Part  of  the  Eighth  Liberal 
Science,  entitled,  '  Ars  Adulandi,'  &c.  devised  and  compiled  by  Ulpian  Fulwell,  1576,  "Yea,  even 
their  veiy  dogs,  Rug,  Rig,  and  Risbie,  yea,  cut  and  long-taile,  they  shall  be  welcome."  Many  other 
instances  of  the  usage  of  this  phrase  are  to  be  met  with  in  old  plays,  and  it  seems  probable  that  it  ori- 
ginally referred  to  horses  only,  which  might  be  denominated  cut  and  long  tail,  as  they  were  curtailed 
of  this  appendage  or  allowed  its  full  growth  :  and  this  might  be  practised  according  to  their  value  or 
uses.  In  this  view,  cut  and  long  tail,  would  include  the  whole  species  of  horses,  good  and  bad,  and 
such  appears  to  be  the  comprehensive  meaning  of  the  phrase. 

•  A  French  word  for  a  mare. 


446  THE    Q.UEEN    AT   KILL1NGW0RTH    CASTLE,  I575. 

see  the  stearn  countenauns,  the  grym  looks,  the  cooragious  attempts,  the  desperat 
adventurez,  the  daungeroous  coorsez,  the  feers  encounterz,  whereby  the  buff  at 
the  man,  and  the  counterbuff  at  the  hors,  that  both  sumtime  cam  topling  to  the 
ground.  By  my  trooth,  Master  Martin,  twaz  a  lively  pastime;  I  believe  it  woold 
have  mooved  sum  man  to  a  right  merry  mood,  though  had  it  be  toold  him  hiz 
wife  lay  a  dying. 

And  heertoo  followed  az  good  a  sport  (methooght),  presented  in  an  historical 
ku  l3  by  certain  good-harted  men  of  Coyentree  2,  my  Lordes  neighboors  thear  ; 
who  understanding  amoong  them  the  thing  that  could  not  bee  hidden  from  onv, 
hoow  carefull  and  studious  hiz  Honour  waz  that  by  all  pleazaunt  recreasions  her. 
Highness  might  best  fynd  herself  wellcom,  and  be  made  gladsum  and  mery  (the 
groundworke  indeede  and  foundacion  of  hiz  Lordship's  myrth  and  gladnesse  of 
us  all),  made  petition  that  they  moought  renu  noow  their  old  storial  sheaw3: 
Of  argument  how  the  Danez  whylom   heere  in  a  troubleoous  seazon  wear  for 

1  Previous  to  the  suppression  of  the  English  Monasteries,  the  City  of  Coventry  was  particularly 
famed  for  the  Pageants  which  were  performed  in  it  on  the  14th  of  June,  or  Corpus-Christi  day.  This 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  ancient  fairs ;  and  the  Grey  Friars  or  Friars  Minors  of  the  above 
City,  had,  as  Dugdale  relates,  "  Theatres  for  the  several  scenes  very  large  and  high,  placed  upon 
wheels,  and  drawn  to  all  the  eminent  parts  of  the  City,  for  the  better  advantage  of  the  spectators  :  and 
contained  the  story  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  composed  in  the  Old  English  rhyme."  Coventry 
appears  to  have  derived  great  benefit  from  the  numbers  of  persons  who  came  to  visit  these  Pageants. 

2  Hok-tide  play  by  the  Coventry  men,  on  Hock  Tuesday,  was  a  tilting-match,  representing,  in 
dumb  shew,  the  defeat  of  the  Danes  by  the  English. 

3  Florileg.  lib.  i.  fol.  300. — The  origin  of  this  once  popular  holiday,  called  Hoke-day,  Hoke- 
tuesday,  or  Hoke-tide,  is  involved  in  considerable  obscurity.     By  some  writers  it  is  supposed  to  be 
commemorative  of  the  massacre  of  the  Danes  in  the  reign  of  Ethelred,  on  the  13th  of  November, 
1002 ;  whilst  by  others,  the  deliverance  of  the  English  from  the  tyranny  of  the  Danes,  by  the  death 
of  Hardicanute,  on  Tuesday  the  8th  of  June,  1042,  is  pointed  out  as  its  origin.     Our  author  adopts 
the  former  hypothesis,  though  the  weight  of  argument  preponderates  in  favour  of  the  national  deli- 
verance by  Hardicanute's  death  j  and  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  the  festival  was  celebrated  on  a 
Tuesday,  and  that  Hoke-teusday  was  the  Tuesday  in  the  second  week  after  Easter.     Various  conjec- 
tures have  been  offered  respecting  the  etymology  of  the  word  Hoke.     Lambard  imagined  it  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Hucxtyde,  the  time  of  scorning  or  mocking.     Bryant  prefers  Hock,  high,  apprehending 
that  Hock-day  means  no  more  than  a  high  day  ;  but  Mr  Denne,  in  a  very  learned  memoir  upon  this 
subject,  printed  in  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  VII.  p.  244,  &c    adopts  Spelman's  derivation  of  the  term 
from  the  German  Hocken,  in  reference  to  the  practice  of  binding,  which  was  formerly  practised  by  the 
women  upon  the  men  upon  Hoke-tuesday ;  though  he  considers  this  as  metaphorical,  and  that  the 
German  word  for  marriage,  or  a  wedding  feast,  Hock-zeil  is  more  immediately  applicable,  because  it 
was  at  the  wedding  feast  of  a  Danish  Lord,  with  the  daughter  of  a  Saxon  Nobleman,  that  Hardicanute 
died  suddenly,  not  without  suspicion  of  being  poisoned. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  447 

quietnesse  born  withall  and  suffeared  in  peas ;  that  anon,  by  outrage  and  im- 
portabl  insolency,  abuzing  both  Ethelred  the  King,  then,  and  all  Estates  everie 
whear  bysyde ;  at  the  greveous  complaint  and  coounsel  of  Huna  the  King's 
chieftain  in  warz,  on  a  Saint  Brice's  night,  Ann.  Dom.  1012  l  (az  the  book  sayz, 
that  falleth  yeerly  on  the  thirteenth  of  November),  wearall  dispatcht,  and  the 
ream  rid.  And  for  becauz  the  matter  mencioneth  how  valiantly  our  Eng- 
lish women  for  loove  of  their  countree  behaved  themselvez,  expressed  in  actionz 
and  rymez  after  their  manner,  they  thought  it  moought  moove  sum  myrth  to 
her  Majestie  the  rather.  The  thing,  said  they,  iz  grounded  on  story,  and  for 
pastime  woont  too  be  plaid  in  oour  cittee  yeerly;  without  ill  example  of  man- 
nerz,  papistry,  or  ony  superstition2;  and  elz  did  so  occupy  the  heads  of  a  number, 
that  likely  inoough  woold  have  had  woorz  meditationz ;  had  an  auncient  begin- 

1  More  correctly  1002. 

*  While  the  Catholic  Religion  was  the  established  faith  of  England,  there  were,  in  connection  with 
it,  many  public  amusements  and  festivals,  by  which  all  the  orders  of  society  were  entertained ;  such 
as  the  performance  of  Moralities  or  sacred  plays,  popular  customs  to  be  observed  on  certain  vigils  and 
Saints'  days,  and  the  keeping  of  many  holidays  enjoined  by  the  Romish  Calendar,  in  the  pastimes  com- 
mon to  the  lower  classes.  In  the  commencement  of  most  reformations  in  society,  it  is  common  to 
find  the  reverse  of  wrong  assumed  for  right ;  and  hence  the  Puritans,  who  increased  rapidly  after  the 
English  Reformation,  not  only  banished  all  those  festivals  and  customs  peculiar  to  the  Catholic 
Religion,  but  also  violently  declaimed  against  popular  pastimes,  innocent  in  themselves,  but  condemned 
by  them  because  they  had  existed  in  former  times.  This  illiberal  spirit  of  denouncing  public  amuse- 
ments, was,  however,  not  without  some  opposition ;  Randolph  severely  attacked  "  the  sanctified 
fraternity  of  Blackfriars,"  in  his  "  Muses  Looking  Glass,"  and  Ben  Jonson  scarcely  ever  let  them 
pass  without  some  satirical  remark.  In  the  Monologue,  or  "  Masque  of  Owls,"  the  latter  of  which, 
as  it  was  performed  at  Kenil worth,  in  the  Reign  of  Charles  L,  is  most  to  the  present  purpose ;  the 
third  owl  is  intended  to  represent  a  Puritan  of  Coventry,  one  of  those  who  contributed  to  put  down 
the  Coventry  plays,  and  is  thus  described : 

HEY    OWL   THIRD. 

"  A  pure  native  bird  Where  their  maids  and  their  mates, 

This,  and  though  his  hue  At  dancings  and  wakes, 

Be  Coventry  blue,  Had  their  napkins  and  posies, 

Yet  is  he  undone  And  the  wipers  for  their  noses, 

By  the  thread  he  has  apon  ;  And  their  smocks  all-be-wrought 

For  since  the  wise  town  With  his  thread  which  they  bought : 

Has  let  the  sports  down  It  now  lies  on  his  hands, 

Of  May-games  and  Morris,  And  having  neither  wit  nor  lands, 

For  which  he  right  sorry  is }  Is  ready  to  hang  or  choke  him, 

In  a  skein  of  that  that  broke  him." 


448  THE    aUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  157  5. 

ning  and  a  long  continuans ;  till  noow  of  late  laid  dooun,  they  knu  no  cauz  why, 
onless  it  wear  by  the  zeal  of  certain  theyr  preacherz,  men  very  commendabl  for 
their  behaviour  and  learning,  and  sweet  in  their  sermons,  but  sumwhat  too  sour 
in  preaching  awey  theyr  pastime  :  Wisht  therefore,  that  az  they  shoold  continue 
their  good  doctrine  in  pulpet,  so,  for  matters  of  pollicy  and  governauns  of  the 
citie,  they  would  permit  them  to  the  Mair  and  Magistratez :  and  sayed  by  my 

From  the  above  keen  satire  may  be  gathered,  that  in  abolishing  of  the  Coventry  Pageants,  the  trade 
of  that  City  suffered  considerably.      The  chief  staple  of  the  place  was    the  manufactory  of  blue 
thread,  of  which  a  great  consumption  was  formerly  made  in  the  embroidering  of  scarfs  and  napkins. 
But  beside  the  decay  of  trade  in  Coventry,  occasioned  by  the  loss  of  the  Pageants,  the  un-patriotic 
taste  for  articles  of  foreign  production,  was  also  of  considerable  detriment  to  that,  as  well  as  to 
the  other  manufacturing  Towns  of  England.      In  a  very  rare  tract,  intituled,  "  A  Briefe  Con- 
ceipte  of   English  Pollicye,"   Lond.   1581,  with    the    initials   W.  S.   and    ascribed    to   Shakspeare, 
but  in  reality  written   by  W.  Stafford,    there  are  the  following  passages  concerning  the  effect  of 
this  destructive    fashion  upon  the  staple  of  Coventry  :    and  as  they  tend  so  particularly  to  illus- 
trate the  period  of  the  Kenil worth  pageants,  and  Laneham's  own  manners,  which  were  so  strongly 
tinctured  with  foreign  fopperies,  it  is  presumed  that  their  insertion  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  the 
reader :  "  I  will  tell  you ;  while  men  were  contented  with  such  as  were  made  in  the  market-towns 
next  unto  them,  then  they  of  our  towns  and  cities  were  well  set  at  work,  as  I  knew  the  time  when 
men  were  contented  with  caps,  hats,  girdles,  and  points,  and  all  manner  of  garments  made  in  the 
towns  next  adjoining,  whereby  the  towns  were  then  well  occupied  and  set  a  work,  and  yet  the 
money  paid  for  the  stuff  remained  in  the  country.    Now,  the  poorest  young  man  in  a  country  cannot 
be  content  with  a  leather  girdle,  or  leather  points,  knives  or  daggers,  made  nigh  home.  And  specially 
no  gentleman  can  be  content  to  have  either  cap,  coat,  dooblet,  hose,  or  shirt,  in  his  country,  but  they 
must  have  this  gear  come  from  London,  and  yet  many  things  hereof  are  not  there  made,  but  beyond 
the  sea  :  whereby  the  artificers  of  our  good  towns  are  idle,  and  the  occupations  in  London,  and 
specially  of  the  towns  beyond  the  seas,  are  well  set  a  work  even  upon  our  costs. — I  have  heard  say 
that  the  chief  trade  of  Coventry  was  heretofore  in  making  of  blue  thread,  and  then  the  town  was  rich 
even  upon  that  trade  in  manner  only,  and  now  our  thread  comes  all  from  beyond  sea.     Wherefore 
that  trade  of  Coventry  is  decayed,  and  thereby  the  town  likewise." — In  consequence,  therefore,  of  the 
desire  for  foreign  articles  of  dress  and  ornament,  England,  which  had  been  hitherto  in  a  great  measure 
supplied  from  her  own  resources,  became  about  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century  filled  with  manu- 
factures which  were  imported  from  the  Continent ;  while  at  the  same  time  the  most  important  British 
productions  were  exchanged  for  what,  in  a  commercial  sense,  might  be  considered  only  as  superfluities. 
This,  also,  is  very  forcibly  hinted  at  in  the  pamphlet  before  quoted,  in  the  following  manner : — "  And  I 
marvel  no  man  takes  heed  to  it,  what  number  first  of  trifles  comes  hither  from  beyond  the  sea,  that  we 
might  either  clean  spare,  or  else  make  them  within  our  realm,  for  the  which  we  either  pay  inestima- 
ble treasure  every  year,  or  else  exchange  substantial  wares  and  necessary,  for  them,  for  the  which  we 
might  receive  great  treasure.     Of  the  which  sort  I  mean  as  well  looking-glasses  as  drinking,  and 
also  to  glaze  windows,  dials,  tables,  cards,  balls,  puppets,  penners  (pen-cases),  ink-horns,  tooth-picks, 


THE    QUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   15J5-  449 

fevth,  Master  Martyn,  they  woold  make  theyr  humbl  peticion  unto  her  Highnes, 
that  they  might  have  theyr  Playz  up  agayn. 

But  aware,  keep  bak,  make  room  noow,  beer  they  cum  : 

And  fyrst  Captain  Cox1,   an  od  man  I  promiz  yoo ;   by  profession  a  mason, 

gloves,  knives,  daggers,  ouches  (collars  or  necklaces),  brooches,  aglets  (the  metal  ends  of  tags  or 
iaces),  buttons  of  silk  and  silver,  earthen  pots,  pins  and  points,  hawks'  bells,  paper  both  white  and 
brown,  and  a  thousand  like  things  that  might  either  be  clean  spared,  or  else  made  within  the  realm 
sufficient  for  us :  and  as  for  some  things,  they  make  it  of  our  own  commodities,  and  send  it  us  again. 
whereby  they  set  their  people  a  work,  and  to  exhaust  much  treasure  out  of  this  realm  :  as  of  our 
wool  they  make  cloths,  caps,  and  kerseys ;  of  our  fells  (hides)  they  make  Spanish  skins,  gloves,  and 
girdles  ;  of  our  tin,  salt-sellers,  spoons,  and  dishes  ;  of  our  broken  linen  cloths  and  rags,  paper  both 
white  and  brown :  what  treasure  think  ye  goes  out  of  the  realm  for  every  of  these  things  ;  and  then 
for  altogether  it  exceeds  mine  estimation.  There  is  no  man  can  be  contented  now  with  any  other 
gloves  than  is  made  in  France  or  in  Spain  3  nor  kersey,  but  it  must  be  of  Flanders  dye  ;  nor  cloth,  but 
French  or  Friseadowe ;  nor  ouch,  brooch,  or  agglet,  but  of  Venice  making,  or  Milan  ;  nor  dagger, 
sword,  knife,  or  girdle,  but  of  Spanish  making,  or  some  outward  country  ;  no  not  as  much  as  a  spur, 
but  that  it  is  fetched  at  the  milliner.  I  have  heard  within  these  forty  years,  when  there  was  not  of 
these  haberdashers  that  sells  French  or  Milan  caps,  glasses,  knives,  daggers,  swords,  girdles,  and  such 
things,  not  a  dozen  in  all  London :  and  now  from  the  town  to  Westminster  along,  every  street  is 
full  of  them,  and  their  shops  glitters  and  shines  of  glasses  as  well  drinking  as  looking,  yea  all  man- 
ner of  vessels  of  the  same  stuff :  painted  cruises,  gay  daggers,  knives,  swords,  and  girdles,  that  it  is 
able  to  make  any  temperate  man  to  gaze  on  them,  and  to  buy  somewhat,  though  it  serve  to  no  pur- 
pose necessary." 

1  There  is  something  extremely  characteristic  in  Laneham's  manner  of  introducing  this  humorous 
personage]  as  he  does  it  in  the  ordinary  style  of  his  office,  it  being  customary  for  Heralds,  Gentlemen 
Ushers,  and  Waiters  of  the  Presence-Chamber,  to  call  out  for  room  to  be  made  for  the  passage  of 
any  Prince,  Ambassador,  or  Minister  of  State,  attending  the  Court.     In  Gifford's  admirable  Edition 
of  Ben  Jonson's  Works,  in  the  notes  to  the  "  Masque  of  Owls,"  Captain  Cox  is  supposed  "  to  have 
been  some  well-known  humourist ;"  but  at  any  rate,  as  the  judicious  Editor  very  properly  observes, 
though  Laneham,  in  his  description  of  Cox,  "  evidently  meant  to  raise  a  laugh  at  the  Captain's  ex- 
pense, there  is  no  occasion  for  it.     '  The  list  of  his  books  and  songs '  shews  him  to  have  been  a 
diligent  and  successful  collector  of  the  domestic  literature  of  his  country,  and  so  far  he  is  entitled  to 
praise."     By  some  antiquaries,  the  existence  of  Captain  Cox  has  been  considered  as  doubtful,  and  by 
others  it  has  been  supposed  that  Laneham  shadowed  out  his  own  portrait  under  that  name  5  yet  with 
respect  to  his  Library,  every  bibliographer,  from  Bodley  and  Selden  down  to  those  of  the  present 
times,  has  been  as  anxious  to  possess  it  as  Sir  Launcelot  du  Lake  was  to  win  the  holy  vessel.     In 
1626,  a  year  after  Charles  I.  became  King,  the  Kenilvvorth  pageants  were  again  revived  ;  and  for  this 
occasion  was  written  the  Monologue,  or  "  Masque  of  Owls,"   which  commenced  with  the  ghost  of 
Captain  Cox  appearing  on  his  Hobby-horse.     This,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  moi  rice-dancers, 
was  formed  with  the  resemblance  of  a  horse's  head  and  tail,  having  a  light  wooden  frame  to  be 
VOL.    I.  3    M 


450 


THE    &UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


and  that  right  skilfull ;  very  cunning  in  fens,  and  hardy  as  Gavin  ;  for  hiz  ton- 
attached  to  the  body  of  the  person  who  performed  the  hobby-horse.  The  trappings  and  foot-cloth 
reached  to  the  ground,  and  so  concealed  the  feet  of  the  actor,  who  was  to  prance,  curvet,  and  imitate 
all  the  motions  of  a  living  horse.  Such,  it  may  be  supposed,  were  the  horses  of  those  who  performed 
in  the  Coventry  play.  One  of  Ben  Jonson's  Masques  is  entitled  "  The  Masque  of  Owls  at  Kenil- 
worth,  presented  by  the  Ghost  of  Captain  Cox,  mounted  on  his  Hobby-horse,  1626."  The  introduc- 
tion to  this  Masque,  in  the  character  of  Captain  Cox,  is  short,  and  the  allusions  to  Laneham's  nar- 
rative so  strong,  that  it  seems  to  form  a  necessary  appendage  to  the  present  note.  Almost  the  whole 
of  the  first  part  of  Captain  Cox's  speech  alludes  to  the  Entertainments  exhibited  to  Queen  Elizabeth. 

Enter  Captain  Cox,  on  his  Hobby-horse. 


Room  !  room  !  for  my  horse  will  wince 
"  If  he  come  within  so  many  yards  of  a  Prince} 
And  though  he  have  not  on  his  wings, 
He  will  do  strange  things. 
He  is  the  Pegasus  that  uses 
To  wait  on  Warwick  Muses  ; 
And  on  gaudy  days  he  paces 
Before  the  Coventry  Graces  j 
"  For,  to  tell  you  true,  and  in  rhyme. 
He  was  foaled  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time, 
When  the  great  Earl  of  Lester 
In  this  Castle  did  feast  her. 
Now,  I  am  not  so  stupid 
To  think,  you  think  me  a  Cupid, 
Or  a  Mercury,  that  sit  him  ; 
Though  these  cocks  here  would  fit  him : 
But  a  spirit  very  civil, 
Neither  poet's  god,  nor  devil, 
An  old  Kenilworth  fox, 
The  ghost  of  Captain  Cox, 
For  which  I  am  the  bolder 
To  wear  a  cock  on  each  shoulder. 
This  Captain  Cox,  by  Saint  Mary, 
Was  at  Boulogne  with  King  Ha-ry } 
And  (if  some  do  not  vary) 
Had  a  goodly  library, 
By  which  he  was  discerned 
To  be  one  of  the  learned, 
To  entertain  the  Queen  here, 
When  she  last  was  seen  here : 
And  for  the  town  of  Coventry 
To  act  to  her  Sovereignty. 


But  so  his  lot  fell  out, 
That  serving  then  a-foot, 
And  being  a  little  man  ; 
When  the  skirmish  began 
'Twixt  the  Saxon  and  the  Dane, 
(From  thence  the  story  was  ta'en) 
He  was  not  so  well  seen 
As  he  would  have  been  o'  the  Queen. 
Though  his  sword  was  twice  as  long 
As  any  man's  else  in  the  throng ; 
And  for  his  sake,  the  play 
Was  called  for  the  second  day." 
But  he  made  a  vow 
(And  he  performs  it  now) 
That  were  he  alive  or  dead, 
Hereafter  it  should  never  be  said 
But  Captain  Cox  would  serve  on  horse, 
For  better  or  for  worse, 
If  any  Prince  came  hither, 
*  And  his  horse  should  have  a  feather  j 
Nay  such  a  Prince  it  might  be 
Perhaps  he  should  have  three. 
Now,  Sir,  in  your  approach, 
The  rumbling  of  your  coach 
Awaking  me  his  Ghost, 
I  come  to  play  your  host, 
And  feast  your  eyes  and  ears. 
Neither  with  dogs  nor  bears, 
Though  that  have  been  a  fit 
Of  our  main-shire  wit, 
In  times  heretofore, 
But  now,  we  have  got  a  little  more. 


THE    aUEEN    AT    KILL1NGW0RTH    CASTLE,   15 75.  451 

sword l  hangs  at  hiz  tablz  eend ;   great  oversight  hath  he  in  matters  of  storie : 
For  az  for  King  Arthurz  book ;   Huon  of  Burdeaus  ;  the  four  sons  of  Aymon ; 
Bevys  of  Hampton;  The  Squire  of  Lo  Degree2;  The  Knight  of  Courtesy,  and 
These  then  that  we  present  As  I  make  them  to  flush, 

With  a  most  loyal  intent,  Each  Owl  out  of  his  bush. 

And,  as  the  author  saith,  Now,  these  Owls,  some  say  were  men, 

No  ill  meaning  to  the  Catholic  faith,  And  they  may  be  so  again, 

Are  not  so  much  beasts,  as  fowls,  If  once  they  endure  the  light 

But  a  very  nest  of  Owls,  Of  your  Highnes's  sight, 

And  natural  so  thrive  I,  For  bankrupts  we  have  known 

I  found  them  in  the  ivy,  Rise  to  more  than  their  own 

A  thing,  that  though  I  blundered  at  With  a  little-little  savour 

It  may  in  time  be  wondered  at,  Of  the  Princes  favour ; 

If  the  place  but  affords  But  as  you  like  their  tricks 

Any  store  of  lucky  birds,  I'll  spring  them,  they  are  but  six, 

Hey,  Owl  first !  &c. 
In  the  above  lines  may  also  be  found  an  explanation  of  a  part  of  Laneham's  text,  namely,  the  word 
"  ton  sword"  which  most  probably  signifies  a  large  and  long  two-handed  sword.     The  epithet  is 
very  likely  a  corruption  of  espadon,  a  French  word  which  has  the  above  meaning.     Or  it  may  be  de- 
rived from  the  French  ton,  stylish,  fashionable ;  but  this  is  very  doubtful. 

This  masque  bears  date  1626,  but  as  it  was  evidently  presented  before  Charles  I.  when  Prince  of 
Wales  (who  succeeded  to  the  possession  of  Kenilworth  Castle  on  the  decease  of  his  brother  Henry), 
there  seems  good  reason  to  conclude  that  it  was  performed  in  1624  at  the  latest,  as  the  rupture  in  the 
Spanish  match,  which  happened  in  1623,  is  clearly  referred  to  in  the  character  of  the  fifth  Owl,  and 
James  I.  died  in  1625. 

1  In  the  account  of  expenses  by  the  Drapers'  Company  in  Coventry  on  Midsummer  night,  1557, 
occur,  fifteen  gunners,  a  flag-bearer,  flute,  drum,  and  a  "  wysseler."  There  is  also  the  following 
Item,  "  payd  for  a  long-sworde  and  the  skouryng  xijd."  which  long-sword  was  evidently  for  the 
person  marshalling  or  commanding  the  fifteen  gunners,  and  seems  to  be  exactly  analagous  to  the 
tonsword  of  Captain  Cox. 

*  The  Romance  of  "  the  Squire  of  Low  Degree,"  who  loved  the  King's  "  Daughter  of  Hungary," 
is  alluded  to,  says  Mr.  Warton,  by  Chaucer  in  the  Rime  of  Sir  Topas. — The  Princess  is  thus  repre- 
sented in  her  closet,  adorned  with  painted- glass,  listening  to  the  Squire's  complaint : 
"  That  Ladi  herde  hys  mournyng  alle,  In  her  oryall  *  there  she  was, 

Ryght  undir  the  chambre  walle  :  Closy'd  well  with  royall  glas, 


*  An  Oriel  seems  to  have  been  a  recess  in  a  chamber  or  hall,  formed  by  the  projection  of  a  spacious 
bow-window  from  top  to  bottom.  Rot.  Pip.  an  18.  Hen.  3.  [A.  D.  1234.]  "  Et  in  quadam  capella 
pulchra  et  decenti  facienda  ad  caput  Orioli  camere  regis  in  castro  Herefordie,  de  longitudine  xx  pedum." 
This  Oriel  was  at  the  end  of  the  King's  chamber,  from  which  the  new  Chapel  was  to  begin.  Again 
in  the  Castle  of  Kenilworth.  Rot.  Pip.  an.  19  Hen.  III.  [A.  D.  1235.]  "  Ef  in  uno  magno  Oriollo 
pulchro  et  competent!,  ante  ostium  magne  camere  regis  in  castro  de  Kenilworth  faciendo 
s£.\\.  xvis.  ivc/.  per  Brev.  Regis." 


452  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

the  Lady  Faguell ;  Frederik  of  Geneva  ;  Syr  Eglamoour ;   Syr  Tryamoour  ;  Syr 

Fulfyllyd  yt  was  with  ymagery,  Undid  a  pynne  of  yvere  f ; 

Every  windowe  by  and  by  An  wyd  the  wyndower  she  open  set, 

On  eche  syde  had  ther  a  gynne,  The  sunne  shonne  yn  at  hir  closet. 

Sperde  *  with  manie  a  dyvers  pynne.  In  that  arbre  fayre  and  gaye, 

Anone  that  Ladie  fayre  and  fre,  She  saw  where  that  Squyre  lay,  &c. 
"  I  am  persuaded,"  adds  Mr.  Warton,  "  to  transcribe  the  following  passage,  because  it  delineates,  in 

lively  colours,  the  fashionable  diversions  and  usages  of  antient  times.  The  King  of  Hungary  endea- 
vours to  comfort  his  Daughter  with  these  promises,  after  she  had  fallen  into  a  deep  and  incurable 
melancholy  from  the  supposed  loss  of  her  paramour. 

"  To  morow  ye  shall  yn  huntyng  fare ;  Ye  shall  have  harpe,  sautry,  and  songe, 

And  yede,  my  daughter,  yn  a  chare,  And  other  myrthes  you  amonge; 

Yt  shal  be  covered  wyth  velvette  reede,  Ye  shal  have  rumney  and  malespene, 

And  clothes  of  fyne  golde  al  about  your  heede.  Both  ypocrasse  and  vernage  wine, 

With  damaske  whyte,  and  asure  blewe,  Mountrese  and  wyne  of  Greke, 

Well  dyapered  X  with  lyllyes  newe  :  Both  algrade  and  despice  eke  ; 

Your  pomelles  shalbe  ended  with  golde,  Antioche  and  bastarde, 

Your  chaynes  enameled  many  a  folde.  Pyment  ||  also,  and  garnarde ; 

Your  mantell  of  ryche  degre,  Wine  of  Greke,  and  muscadell, 

Purple  palle,  and  armyne  fre.  Both  clare,  pyment,  and  rochell. 

Jennets  of  Spayne  that  ben  so  wyght  §,  The  reed  your  stomake  to  defye, 

Trapped  to  the  ground  with  velvet  bryght.  And  pottes  of  osey  sett  you  bye. 

*  Closed,  shut.     In  P.  Plowman,  of  a  blind  man,  "  unspanyd  his  cine,"  i.  e.  opened  his  eyes. 

f  Ivory. 

X  Embroidered,  diversified.     Chaucer  of  a  bow,  Rom.  R.  v.  934. 

And  it  was  painted  wel  and  thwitten, 
And  ore  all  diapred  and  written,  &c. 

Twhitten  is  twisted,  •wreathed:  The  following  instance  from  Chaucer  is  more  to  our  purpose. 
Knight's  Tale,  v.  <2160. 

Upon  a  stede  bay,  trappid  in  stele, 

Coverid  with  cloth  of  gold  diaprid  wele. 

This  term,  which  is  partly  heraldic,  occurs  in  the  Provisoes  Rolls  of  the  Great  Wardrobe,  containing 
deliveries  for  furnishing  rich  habiliments,  at  tilts  and  tournaments,  and  other  ceremonies. 
§  Swift. 

||  Sometimes  written  pimeate.  In  the  romance  of  Syr  Bevys,  a  Knight  just  going  to  repose  takes 
the  usual  draught  of  pimeate  -.  which,  mixed  with  spices,  is  what  the  French  romances  call  vin  du 
coucher,  and  for  which  an  Officer,  called  Espicies,  was  appointed  in  the  old  Royal  Household  of  France. 
Signat.  m.  111. 

The  knight  and  she  to  chamber  went, 

With  pimeate,  and  with  spisery, 

When  they  had  dronken  the  wyne. 

See  Carpentier,  Suppl.  Gloss.  Lat.     Du  Cange,  torn.  III.  p.  842.     So  Chaucer,  Leg.  Dido,  v.  185. 

The  spicis  parted,  and  the  wine  agon, 
Unto  his  chamber  he  is  lad  anon. 


THE    GLUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


453 


Lamwell;    Syr    Isenbras ;    Syr    Gawyn; 

You  shall  have  venyson  ybake  *  ; 

The  best  wylde  fowle  that  may  be  take  : 

A  lese  of  harehound  with  you  to  streke, 

And  hart,  and  hynde,  and  other  lyke, 

Ye  shalbe  set  at  such  a  tryst 

That  hart  and  hynde  shall  come  to  you  fyst. 

Your  disease  to  dryve  ye  fro, 

To  here  the  bugles  there  yblovve. 

Homward  thus  shall  ye  ryde, 

On  haukyng  by  the  ryvers  syde, 

With  goshauke  and  with  gentle  faucon, 

With  buglehorn  and  merlyon. 

When  you  come  home  your  menie  amonge, 

Ye  shall  have  revell,  daunces,  and  songe  ; 

Lytle  chyldren,  great  and  smal, 

Shall  syng  as  doth  the  nightyngale, 

Then  shall  ye  go  to  your  Even-song, 

With  tenours  and  trebles  among, 

Threscore  of  copes  of  damask  bryght, 

Full  of  pedes  they  shalbe  pyghte  ; 

Your  sensours  shalbe  of  golde 

Endent  with  asure  manie  a  folde  : 

Your  Quere  nor  organ  songe  shal  want 

With  countre  note  and  dyscauntj 

The  other  halfe  on  organs  playing, 

With  yong  chyldren  ful  fayn  singing. 

Than  shal  ye  go  to  your  suppere, 

And  sytte  in  tentis  in  grene  arbere, 


Olyver   of    the   Castl ;    Lucres    and 

With  clothe  of  arras  pyght  to  the  grounde, 

With  saphyres  set  of  dyamounde. 

A  hundred  kyghtes  truly  tolde 

Shall  plaie  with  bowles  in  alayes  colde, 

Your  disease  to  dryve  awaie, 

To  se  the  fisshes  yn  poles  plaie. 

To  a  drawe  brydge  then  shal  ye, 

Thone  halfe  of  stone,  thother  of  tre ; 

A  barge  shal  meet  you  full  ryght, 

With  xxim  ores  ful  bryght, 

With  trompettes  and  with  claryowne, 

The  fresshe  water  to  rowe  up  and  dovvne. 

Than  shal  you,  daughter,  aske  the  wyne, 

With  spises  that  be  gode  and  fyne  : 

Gentyll  pottes,  with  genger  grene, 

With  dates  and  deynties  you  betweene. 

Fortie  torches  brenynge  bright 

At  your  brydges  to  bring  you  lyght. 

Into  your  chambre  they  shall  you  brynge, 

Wyth  much  myrthe  and  more  lykynge. 

Your  blankettes  shall  be  of  fustyane, 

Your  shetes  shal  be  of  cloths  of  rayne  f, 

Your  head-shete  shall  be  of  pery  pyght  J, 

Wyth  dyamonds  set  and  rubys  bryght. 

When  you  are  layd  in  bed  so  softe, 

A  cage  of  golde  shall  hang  alofte, 

With  longe  peper  fayre  burning, 

And  cloves  that  be  sweet  smellyng, 


*  Chaucer  says  of  the  Frankelein,  Prol.  p.  4.  Urr.  v.  345. 

"  Withoutin  bake  mete  never  was  his  house." 
And  in  this  poem,  Signat.  B.  111. 

"  With  birds  in  bread  ybake, 
The  tele,  the  duck,  and  drake." 
In  this  is  mentioned  baked  venison — boiled  in  the  letter  to  Abp.  Parker.     See  before,    p.  201  :  and 
Wartons  History  of  English  Poetry,  vol.  I.  p.  175 — 178. 

f  Cloath,  or  linen,  of  Rennes,  a  city  in  Britany.     Chaucer.  Dr.  v.  255. 

And  many  a  pilowe,  and  every  bere 
Of  cloth  of  raynes  to  slepe  on  softe, 
Him  thare  not  nede  to  turnin  ofte. 
Tela  de  Revnes  is  mentioned  among  habits  delivered  to  Knights  of  the  Garter,  2  Rich.  II.     Anstis, 
Orel.  Gai-t.  I.  55. 

\  "  Inlaid  with  jewels."     Chaucer,  Knight's  Tale,  v.  2§38,  p.  22.  Urr. 

And  then  with  cloth  of  gold,  and  with  perie. 
And  in  numberless  other  places.     [History  of  English  Poetrv,  vol.  I.  pp.  175 — 180] 


454  THE    aUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

Curialus1;  Virgil's  Life;  the  Castl  of  Ladiez ;  the  Wido  Edytb  ;  the  King  and 
the  Tanner  ;  Frier  Rous  ;  Howleglas  ;  Gargantua  ;  Robinhood  ;  Adam  Bel ; 
Clim  of  the  Clough,  and  William  of  Cloudsley  ;  the  Churl  and  the  Burd ;  the 
Seven  Wise  Masters;  the  Wife  lapt  in  a  Morels  Skin;  the  Sak  full  of  Nuez ; 
the  Seargeaunt  that  became  a  Fryar ;  Skogan  ;  Collyn  Clout;  the  Fryar  and  the 
Boy;  Elynor  Rumming;  and  the  Nutbrooun  Maid;  with  many  moe  then  I 
rehearz  heere ;   I  beleeve  hee  have  them  all  at  hiz  fingers  endz. 

Then  in  Philosophy,  both  Morall  and  Naturall,  I  think  hee  be  az  naturally 
overseen ;  beside  Poetrie  and  Astronomie,  and  oother  hid  Sciencez,  az  I  may 
gesse  by  the  omberty2  of  his  books;  whearof  part,  az  I  remember,  The  Shepherdz  - 
Kalender ;  The  Ship  of  Foolz ;  Danielz  Dreamz ;  the  Booke  of  Fortune ;  Stans 
puer  ad  Mensam  ;  The  by  wey  to  the  Spitl-house ;  Julian  of  Brainford's  Testa- 
ment; the  Castle  of  Love;  the  Booget  of  Demaunds ;  the  Hundred  Mery 
Talez ;  the  Book  of  Riddels  ;  the  Seaven  Sororz  of  Wemen  ;  the  Prooud  Wives 
Pater  Noster ;  the  Chapman  of  a  Peniworth  of  Wit :  Beside  hiz  Auncient  Playz, 
Yooth  and  Charitee;  Hikskorner;  Nugizee ;  I mpacient  Poverty  ;  and  herewith 
Doctor  Boord's  Breviary  of  Health.  What  shoold  I  rehearz  heer,  what  a  bunch 
of  ballets  and  songs,  all  auncient ;  az  Broom  broom  on  Hil ;  So  Wo  iz  me  begon, 
troly  lo  ;  Over  a  Whinny  Meg ;  Hey  ding  a  ding  ;  Bony  lass  upon  a  Green  ;  My 
bony  on  gave  me  a  bek ;  By  a  bank  az  I  lay :  and  a  hundred  more  he  hath  fair 
wrapt  up  in  parchment,  and  bound  with  a  whipcord.  And  az  for  Almanaks  of 
Antiquitee  (a  point  for  Ephemerides),  I  ween  he  can  sheaw  from  Jasper  Laet  of 
Antwarp  unto  Nostradam  of  Frauns,  and  thens  untoo  oour  John  Securiz  of  Salis- 
bury. To  stay  ye  no  longer  heerin,  I  dare  say  hee  hath  az  fair  a  Library  for  theez 
Sciencez,  and  az  many  goodly  monuments  both  in  prose  and  poetry,  and  at 
afternoonz  can  talk  as  much  without  book,  az  ony  inholder  betwixt  Brainford  and 
Bagshot,  what  degree  soever  he  be. 

Beside  thiz,  in  the  field  a  good  marshall  at  musters ;  of  very  great  credite  and 
trust  in  the  toun  heer ;  for  he  haz  been  chozen  ale-cunner  many  a  yeer,  when  hiz 
betterz  have  stond  by  ;  and  ever  quited  himself  with  such  estimation,  az  yet,  too 

Frankincense  and  olibanum,  And  yf  ye  no  rest  can  take, 

That  when  ye  slepe  the  taste  may  comej  All  nyght  mynstrels  for  you  shall  wake. 

1  Another  copy  reads  "  Eurialus." 

*  This  seems  to  be  a  word  coined  by  our  author  to  express  the  bulk  or  quantity  of  Captain  Cox's 
library,  by  the  omberty  or  shadow  of  it      Fr.  ombre:  or  it  may  be  derived  from  ambry,  a  cupboard. 


THE    GLUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  455 

tast  of  a  cup  of  Nippitate1,  hiz  judgement  will  be  taken  above  the  best  in  the 
parish,  be  hiz  noze  near  so  read. 

Captain  Cox  cam  marching  on  valiantly  before,  cleen  trust  and  gartered  above 
the  knee,  all  fresh  in  a  velvet  cap  (Master  Golding  haz  lent  it  him),  floorishing 
with  hiz  ton  swoord  ;  and  another  fens  master  with  him  ;   thus  in  the  forward 
making  room   for  the    rest.      And  after   them,  proudly  prickt  on  formost    the 
Danish  launce  knights  on  horsbak,  and  then  the  English  ;  each  with  their  alder 
pole  martially  in  their  hand.     Even  at  the  first  entree,  the  meeting  waxt  sum  what 
warm  ;  that  bye  and   bye  kindled  with  corage  a  both  sidez,  gru  from  a  hot  skir- 
mish unto  a  blazing  battail :  first  by  speare  and  shield,  outragious  in  their  racez 
as  ramz  at  their  rut;  with  furious  encoounterz,  that  togyther  they  tumbl  too  the 
dust,  sumtime  hors  and  man,  and  after  fall  too  it  with  sworde  and  target,  good 
bangz  a  both  sidez.     The  fight  so  ceasing,  but  the  battail  not  so  ended  ;  folloed 
the  footmen ;  both  the  hostes  ton  after  toother ;  first  marching  in  ranks  ;   then 
warlik  turning  ;  then  from  ranks  into  squadrons  ;  then  in  too  trianglez  ;  from  that 
into  rings,  and  so  winding  oout  again.     A  valiant  Captain  of  great  prowez,  az 
fiers  az  a  fox  assauting  a  gooz,  waz  so  hardy  to  give  the  first  stroke;  then  get 
they  grisly  togyther,  that  great  was  the  activitee  that  day  too  be  seen  thear  a  both 
sidez :  ton  very  eager  for  purchaz  of  pray,  toother  utterly  stoout  for  redemption 
of  libertie:  thus,  quarrell  enflamed  fury  a  both  sidez:  Twise  the  Danes  had  the 
better,  but  at  the  last  conflict,  beaten  doun,  overcom,  and   many  led  captive  for 
triumph  by  our  English  weemen. 

This  waz  the  effect  of  this  sheaw ;  that,  az  it  waz  handled,  made  mootch  mat- 
ter of  good  pastime  ;  brought  all  indeed  into  the  great  Coourt,  een  under  her 
Highnes'  windo  to  have  been  seen ;  but  (az  unhappy  it  waz  for  the  bride)  that 
cam  thither  too  soon  (and  yet  waz  it  a  four  a  clok) ;  for  her  Highnes  beholding  in 
the  chamber  delectabl  dauncing  indeed,  and  heerwith  the  great  throng  and  unruli- 
ness  of  the  people,  waz  cauz  that  this  solemnitee  of  brideale  and  dauncing  had 
not  the  full  muster  waz  hoped  for ;  and    but   a   littl  of  the   Coventree   Plea  her 

1  Stubbes,  in  his  Anatomic  of  Abuses,  1595,  describing  the  excesses  at  Church-ales,  on  which 
occasion  he  says  ten  or  twenty  quarters  of  malt  is  frequently  made  into  very  strong  ale  or  beer  ;  adds, 
"  Then,  when  this  nappitalum,  this  huffe-cappe,  as  they  call  it,  this  nectar  of  life,  is  set  abroach,  well 
is  he  that  can  get  the  soonest  to  it,  and  spends  the  most  at  it  j  for  he  is  counted  the  godliest  man  of 
all  the  rest,  and  most  in  God's  favour,  because  it  is  spent  upon  his  Church  forsooth.  Mav  not  the 
terms  nappy-ale  and  brown-nappy,  be  derived  from  this  origin  ? 


45*>  THE    aUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

Highnes  also  saw,  commaunded  thearfore  on  the  Tuesday  folloing  to  have  it  full 
oout:  az  accordingly  it  waz  prezented ;  whereat  her  Majestie  laught  well.  They 
wear  the  jocunder,  and  so  mooch  the  more,  becauz  her  Highnes  had  given  them 
too  buckes  and  five  marke  in  mony,  to  make  mery  togyther.  They  prayed  for 
her  Majesty,  long,  happily  to  reign,  and  oft  to  cum  thither,  that  oft  they 
moought  see  her  ;  and  what  rejoycing  upon  their  ampl  reward,  and  what  triumph- 
ing upon  the  good  acceptauns,  they  vaunted  their  play  waz  never  so  dignified,  nor 
ever  any  players  before  so  beatified. 

Thus,  though  the  day  took  an  eend,  yet  slipt  not  the  night  all  sleeping  awey; 
for  az  neyther  offis  nor  obsequie  ceassed  at  any  time  too  the  full,  to  perform  the' 
plot  hiz  honor  had  appoynted  :  so  after  supper  was  thear  a  play  prezented  of  a 
very  good  theam,  but  so  set  foorth,  by  the  actoorz  well  handling,  that  pleazure  and 
mirth  made  it  seem  very  short,  though  it  lasted  too  good  oourz  and  more. 
But  stay,  Master  Martyn,  all  iz  not  doon  yet. 

After  the  play,  oout  of  hand  followed  a  most  deliciouz  and  (if  I  may  so  terme 
it)  an  ambrosiall  banket ;  whearof,  whither  I  myght  more  muze  at  the  deinty- 
nesse,  shapez,  and  the  cost ;  or  els  at  the  variete  and  number  of  the  dishez  (that 
wear  a  three  hundred)  that  for  my  part  I  coold  littl  tell  them  ;  and  now  less  I 
assure  yoo.  Her  Majesty  eat  smally  or  nothing;  which  understood,  the  coorsez 
wear  not  so  orderly  served  and  sizely  set  dooun,  but  wear  by  and  by  az  disorderly 
wasted  and  coorsly  consumed  ;  more  courtly  methought  than  curteously ;  but  that 
was  no  part  of  the  matter ;  moought  it  pleaz  and  be  liked,  and  do  that  it  cam  for, 
then  was  all  well  inough. 

Untoo  this  banket  thear  waz  appoynted  a  mask  ;  for  riches  of  aray,  of  an  incre- 
dibl  cost ;  but  the  time  so  far  spent,  and  very  late  in  the  night  noow,  waz  cauz 
that  it  cam  not  foorth  to  sheaw ;  and  thus  for  Sundayz  season,  having  stayd  yoo 
the  longer  (according  to  the  matter),  heer  make  I  an  end.  Ye  may  breath  yee 
a  while. 

Munday  the  eyghteenth  of  this  July,  the  weather  being  hot,  her  Highnes  kept 
the  Cast]  for  coolness,  'till  about  five  a  clok  her  Majesty  in  the  chase  hunted  the 
hart  (az  afore)  oJ'forsK  That  whyther  wear  it  by  the  cunning  of  the  hunts- 
men, or  by  the  natural  desyre  of  the  deer,  or  els  by  both  ;  anon  he  gat  him  to 
soil  agayne,  which  reyzed  the  accustomed  delight;  a  pastime  indeede  so  intyrely 
pleazaunt,  az  whearof  at  times  whoo  may  have  the  full  and  free  fruition,  can  find 

1  Psalm  xxiv. 


THE    GIUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    1575-  457 

no  more  sacietee  (I  ween)  for  a  recreation,  then  of  theyr  good  viaundes  at  times 
for  their  sustentation. 

Well,  the  game  was  gotten  ;  and  her  Highnes  returning,  cam  thear,  upon  a  swim- 
ming mermayd  (that  from  top  too  tayl  was  an  eyghteen  foot  long).  Triton,  Nep- 
tune's blaster,  whoo,  with  hiz  trumpet  foormed  of  a  wrinkled  wealk,  as  her  Ma- 
jesty was  in  sight,  gave  soound  very  shrill  and  sonorous,  in  sign  he  had  an  ambassy 
too  pronoouns.     Anon  her  Highnes  waz  cummen  upon  the  bridge,  whearunto  he 

made  hiz   fish  to  swim  the  swifter ;  and  he  then  declared  l   "  How  the 

supreame  salsipotent 2  Monarch  Neptune,  the  great  God  of  the  swelling  seas, 
Prins  of  Profunditees,  and  Sooverain  Segnior  of  all  lakez,  fresh  waterz,  riverz, 
creeks,  and  goolphs ;  understanding  how  a  cruel  Knight,  one  Sir  Bruse  Sauns 
Pitee,  a  mortal  enemy  unto  Ladiez  of  estate,  had  long  lyen  about  the  banks  of  this 
pool,  in  wayt  with  his  bands,  heer  to  distress  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  whearby  she 
hath  been  restrayned  not  only  from  having  any  use  of  her  auncient  liberty  and 
territoriez  in  theez  parts ;  but  also  of  making  repayr  and  giving  attendauns  unto 
yoo,  nobl  Queen,  (qd  he)  az  she  vvoold,  she  promist,  and  also  shoold ;  dooth  thear- 
fore  signify,  and  heerto,  of  yoo  az  of  her  good  leag  and  der  freend  make  this 
request,  that  ye  will  deyn  but  too  sheaw  your  parson  toward  this  pool  ;  whearby 
yoor  only  prezens  shall  be  matter  sufficient  of  abandoning  this  uncurtess  Knight, 
and  putting  all  his  bands  too  flight,  and  also  deliverauns  of  the  Lady  oout  of  this 
thralldom." 

Mooving  heerwith  from  the  bridge,  and  fleeting  more  into  the  pool,  chargeth 
he  in  Neptune's  name  both  Eolus  with  al  his  windez,  the  waters  with  hiz  springs, 
hiz  fysh  and  fooul,  and  all  his  clients  in  the  same,  that  they  ne  be  so  hardye  in 
any  fors  to  stur,  but  keep  them  calm  and  quiet  while  this  Queen  be  prezent.  At 
which  petition,  her  Highness  staying,  it  appeered  straight  how  Syr  Bruse  became 
unseen,  his  bands  skaled3,  and  the  Lady  by  and  by,  with  her  too  nymphs,  floating 
upon  her  rnoovable  ilands  (Triton  on  his  mermaid  skimming  by),  approched 
toward  her  Highness  on  the  bridge; az  well  to  declare  that  her  Majestiez  pre- 
zens hath  so  graciouslie  thus  wrought  her  deliverauns,  az  allso  to  excuze  her  not 
comming  to  Coourt  az  she  promist;  and  cheefly  to  prezent  her  Majestie  (az  a 

1  This  Speech  which  was  delivered  in  metre,  is  also  preserved  by  Gascoigne,  as  well  as  his  charge  to 
the  winds,  and  the  Speech  of  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  following  it. 

*  An  epithet  derived  from  the  Latin  salsipolens,  which  signifies  one  who  has  power  over  the  salt 
seas  ;  in  which  sense  it  is  used  by  Plautus.     Ainsworth.  3  Came  away,  dispersed. 

VOL.   I.  3  N 


458  THE    QUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

token  of  her  duty  and  good  hart),  for  her  Highness'  recreation,  with  thiz  gift; 
which  was  Arion1,  that  excellent  and  famouz  muzicien,  in  tyre  and  appointment 
straunge,  well  seeming  to  hiz  parson,  ryding  alofte  upon  hiz  old  freend  the  dolphin 
(that  from  hed  too  tayl  waz  a  foour  and  twenty  foot  long),  and  swymd  hard  by 
theez  ilands.  Heerwith  Avion,  for  theez  great  benefitez,  after  a  feaw  well- 
coouched  words  unto  her  Majesty  of  thanksgyving,  in  supplement  of  the  same; 
beegan  a  delectabl  ditty  of  a  song2  well  apted  to  a  melodious  noiz  ;  compounded 
of  six  severall  instruments,  al  coovert,  casting  soound  from  the  dolphin's  belly 
within  ;  Arion,  the  seaventh,  sitting  thus  singing  (az  I  say)  without. 

Noow,  Syr,  the  ditty  in  mitter  so  aptly  endighted  to  the  matter,  and  after  by. 
voys  so  deliciously  deliver'd ;  the  song  by  a  skilful  artist  into  hiz  parts  so  sweetlie 
sorted  ;  each  part  in  hiz  instrument  so  clean  and  sharpely  toouched  ;  every  instru- 
ment agayn  in  hiz  kind  so  excellently  tunabl ;  and  this  in  the  eeving  of  the  day, 
resoounding  from  the  calm  waters,  whear  prezens  of  her  Majesty,  and  longing  to 
listen,  had  utterly  damped  all  noyz  and  dyn  ;  the  hole  armony  conveyd  in  tyme, 
tune,  and  temper  thus  incomparably  melodious  ;  with  what  pleazure,  Master  Mar- 
tyn,  with  what  sharpnes  of  conceyt,  with  what  lyvely  delighte,  this  moought  pears 
into  the  heerers  harts,  I  pray  ye  imagin  yoorself  az  ye  may  ;  for,  so  God  judge  me, 
by  all  the  wit  and  cunning  I  have,  I  cannot  express,  I  promis  yoo.  "  Mais  j'ai 
bien  vieu  cela,  Monsieur,  que  forte  grande  est  la  pouvoyr  qu'avoit  la  tres  noble 
science  de  musique  sur  les  esprites  humains."  Perceive  ye  me  ?  I  have  told  ye  a 
great  matter  now.  As  for  me,  surely  I  was  lull'd  in  such  liking,  and  so  loth  too  leave 
off,  that  mooch  adoo,  a  good  while  after,  had  I,  to  fynde  me  whear  I  waz.  And 
take  ye  this  by  the  way,  that  for  the  small  skyl  in  muzik,  that  God  hath  sent  me 

1  In  a  collection  of  "  Merry  Passages  and  Jeasts."  MS.  Harl.  6395,  is  the  following  relating  to 
this  character  :  "  There  was  a  spectacle  presented  to  Queen  Elizabeth  upon  the  water,  and  among 
others  Harry  Goldingham  was  to  represent  Arion  upon  the  dolphin's  backe,  but  rinding  his  voice  to 
be  verye  hoarse  and  unpleasant,  when  he  was  to  perform  it,  he  tears  off  his  disguise,  and  swears  he 
was  none  of  Arion,  not  he,  but  even  honest  Harry  Goldingham,  which  blunt  discoverie  pleased  the 
Queene  better  than  if  it  had  gone  through  in  the  right  way ;  yet  he  could  order  his  voice  to  an 
instrument  exceeding  well." 

Mr.  Malone  was  of  opinion  that  the  collector  of  these  Merry  Passages  was  the  nephew  of  Sir  Roger 
L'Estrange. 

2  In  Gascoigne's  account  the  song  is  given,  but  Protheus  is  the  character  instead  of  Arion,  which  is 
apparently  an  error. 


THE    GLUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  459 

(ye  kno  it  iz  sumwhat)  ile  set  the  more  by  myself  while  my  name  iz  Laneham,  and 
grace  a  God,    muzik  iz  a  nobl  art! 

A,  stay  a  while,  see  a  short  wit :  by  my  trooth  I  had  almost  forgot.  This  daye 
was  a  day  of  grace  beside,  whearin  wear  advaunced  fyve  Gentlemen  of  woorshippe 
unto  the  degree  of  Knighthood  ;  Syr  Thomas  Cecyl,  sun  and  heyr  unto  the 
Right  Honorabl  the  Lord  Treazorer,  Syr  Henry  Cobham,  broother  unto  the  Lord 
Cobham,  Syr  Thomas  Stanhop,  Syr  Arthur  Basset,  and  Syr  Thomas  Tresham ; 
and  also,  by  her  Highnes'  accustumed  mercy  and  charittee,  nyne  cured  of  the 
peynfull  and  dangerous  deseaz  called  the  King's  evill ;  for  that  Kings  and  Queenz 
of  this  Realm  withoout  other  medsin  (save  only  by  handling  and  prayerz)  only  doo 
cure  it.  Bear  with  me,  though  perchauns  I  place  not  thoz  Gentlmen,  in  my 
recitall  heer,  after  theyr  estatez  ;  for  I  am  neythergood  Heraud  of  Armez,  nor  yet 
kno  hoow  they  are  set  in  the  Subsydy  Bookez :  men  of  great  worship,  I  under- 
stand, they  are  all. 

Tuisday,  according  to  commaundement,  cam  oour  Coventree  men.  What 
their  matter  was,  of  her  Highnes'  myrth  and  good  acceptauns  and  rewarde  untoo 
them,  and  of  their  rejoysing  thereat,  I  sheawd  you  afore,  and  so  say  the  less  noow. 

Wednesday  in  the  forenoon,  preparacion  was  in  hand  for  her  Majesty  to  have 
supt  in  Wedgenall l,  a  three  myle  west  from  the  Castl,  a  goodly  park  of  the 
Queenz  Majestyez.  For  that  cauz  a  fayr  pavilion,  and  other  provision  accord- 
ingly thither  sent  and  prepay  red  ;  but  by  means  of  weather  not  so  cleerly  dis- 
pozed,  the  matter  waz  countermaunded  again.  That  had  her  Highnes  hapned 
this  daye  too  have  cummen  abrode,  there  was  made  reddy  a  devise  of  goddessez 
and  nymphes  2,  which  az  well  for  the  ingenious  argument,  az  for  the  well  handling 
of  it  in  rime  and  endighting,  woold  undooutedly  have  gained  great  lyking,  and 
mooved  no  less  delight.  Of  the  particulariteez  whereof  I  ceas  to  entreat,  least, 
like  the  boongling  carpentar,  by  missorting  the  peecez,  I  mar  a  good  frame  in  the 
bad  setting  up ;  or,  by  my  fond  tempring  aforehand,  embleamish  the  beauty, 
when  itshoold  be  rear'd  up  in  deede. 

A  this  day  allso  waz  thear  such  earnest  tallk  and  appointment  of  removing, 
that  I  gave  over  my  noting,  and  harkened  after  my  hors. 

1  The  Duchess  of  Portland's  copy  reads,  "  a  goodly  park  of  the  Right  Honourable  my  very  good 
Lord  the  Earl  of  Warwick."     It  still  belongs  to  that  noble  family,  and  is  now  called  Wedgnock  Park. 

'  A  very  particular  account  of  this  intended  "  Devise"  will  be  found  in  (iascoigne,  who  was  the 
author  of  it. 


4^0  THE    GLUEEN    AT    KILLING  WORTH    CASTLE,    1575. 

Mary,  Syr,  I  must  tell  yoo ;  az  all  endeavoour  waz  to  moove  mirth  and  pastime 
(az  I  tolld  ye)  :  eeven  so  a  ridiculous  devise  of  an  auncient  M'mstrell  and  his  song 
waz  prepared  to  have  been  profFer'd,  if  meete  time  and  place  had  been  foound  for 
it.  Ons  in  a  woorshipful  company,  whear,  full  appointed,  he  recoounted  his  mat- 
ter in  sort  az  it  should  have  been  uttered,  I  chaunsed  to  bee ;  what  noted,  heer 
thus  I  tell  yoo. 

A  parson  very  meet  seemed  he  for  the  purpoze,  of  a  xlv  l  years  olid,  apparelled 
partly  as  he  woold  himself:  hiz  cap  of2  his  hed  seemly  roounded  tonster  wyze3; 
fayr  kemb,  that  with  a  spoonge  deintly  dipt  in  a  littl  capons  greaz  was  finely 
smoothed  too  make  it  shine  like  a  mallard's  wing.  Hiz  beard  smugly  shaven  ;  and 
yet  his  shyrt  after  the  nu  trink,  with  ruffs  fayr  starched,  sleeked,  and  glistering 
like  a  payr  of  nu  shooz,  marshalled  in  good  order,   with  a  setting  stick 4,  and 

1  The  Duchess  of  Portland's  copy  reads  "  xiv."  2  Read,  off. 

3  More  properly  written  tonsure-wise  ;  that  is  to  say,  shaven  in  a  circle  after  the  manner  of  the 
monks.     See  Percy. 

*  The  pains  bestowed  by  our  ancestors  upon  their  Ruff's  is  little  known  to  the  general  reader,  who 
will  be  surprised  to  find  from  the  ensuing  extracts,  that  it  fully  equalled  the  Dandyism  of  the  present 
day.     In  the  "  Second  part  of  the  Anatoinie  of  Abuses,  by  P.  Stubbes,  1583,"  is  the  following  dialogue : 

Theod.  I  have  heard  it  saide  that  they  use  great  ruffes  in  Dnalgne ;  do  they  continue  them  still  as 
they  were  woont  to  doe,  or  not  ? 

Amphil.  There  is  no  amendment  in  any  thing  that  I  can  see,  for  they  not  only  continue  their  great 
ruffes  still,  but  also  use  them  bigger  than  ever  they  did  :  and  as  1  heare  say,  they  have  their  starching 
houses  made  of  purpose,  to  that  use  and  end  only,  the  better  to  trimme  and  dresse  their  ruffes  to 
please  the  divells  eies  with  all. 

Theod.  Have  they  not  also  houses  to  set  their  ruffes  in,  to  trim  them,  and  to  trick  them,  as  well  as 
to  starch  them  in  ? 

Amphil.  Yea,  marry  have  they,  for  either  the  same  starching  houses  (I  had  almost  said  farting, 
houses)  do  serve  the  turn,  or  else  they  have  their  other  chambers  and  secret  closets  to  the  same  use., 
wherein  they  tricke  up  these  cartwheeles  of  the  divels  charet  of  pride,  leading  the  direct  way  to  the 
dungeon  of  hell.  . 

Theod.  What  tooles  and  instruments  have  they  to  set  their  ruffes  withall  ?  For  I  am  persuaded 
they  cannot  set  them  artificially  inough  without  some  kind  of  tooles  ? 

Amphil.  Very  true  ;  and  doe  you  thinke  that  they  want  any  thing  that  might  set  forth  their  divelrie 
to  the  world  ?     I  would  you  wist  it,  they  have  their  tooles  and  instruments  for  the  purpose. 
Theod.  Whereof  be  they  made,  I  pray  you,  or  howe  ? 

Amphil.  They  be  made  of  yron  and  Steele,  and  some  of  brasse,  kept  as  bright  as  silver,  yea,  and 
some  of  silver  itselfe  ;  and  it  is  well,  if  in  processe  of  time  they  grow  not  to  be  gold.  The  fashion 
whereafter  they  be  made,  I  cannot  resemble  to  any  thing  so  well  as  a  squirt,  or  a  squibbe,  which  little 
children  used  to  squirt  out  water  withall,  and  when  they  come  to  starching  and  setting  of  their  ruffes, 


THE    GLUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  46 1 

stroout  that  every  ruff  stood  up  like  a  wafer.  A  side  gooun  of  Kendall-green1, 
after  the  freshnes  of  the  yeear  noow  ;  gathered  at  the  neck  with  a  narro  gorget 

then  must  this  instrument  be  heated  in  the  fire,  the  better  to  stiffen  the  ruffe.  For  you  know  heate 
will  drie  and  stiffen  any  thing.  And  if  you  woulde  know  the  name  of  this  goodly  toole,  forsooth  the 
devill  hath  given  it  to  name  a  putter,  or  else  a  putting-sticke,  as  I  heare  say.  They  have  also  another 
instrument  a  settinge-sticke,  either  of  wood  or  bone,  and  sometimes  of  gold  and  silver,  made  forked 
wise  at  both  ends,  and  with  this  (Si  diis  placet)  they  set  their  ruffes. 

The  same  caustic  writer  also  mentions  that  the  ruffes  have  "  a  support  or  under-propper,  called  a  sup- 
pertasse.  Stowe  informs  us,  that  "  about  the  sixteenth  yeare  of  the  Queene  (Elizabeth)  began  the  use 
of  steel  poking-sticks,  and  until  that  time  all  lawndresses  used  setting-sticks  made  of  wood  or  bone.'' 
Autolycus  in  the  Winter's  Tale,  has  "  poking-sticks  of  steel"  amongst  his  other  wares. 

In  Marston's  Malcontent,  1604,  is  the  following  observation,  "  There  is  such  a  deale  of  pinning 
these  ruffes,  when  the  fine  clean  fall  is  worth  them  all."  And  again,  "  If  you  should  chance  to  take 
a  nap  in  an  afternoon,  your  falling-band  requires  no  poking-stick  to  recover  his  form." 

Middleton's  comedy  of  Blunt  Master  Constable,  1602,  has  this  passage  :  "  Your  ruff  must'stand  in 
print,  and  for  that  purpose  get  poking-sticks  with  fair  long  handles,  lest  they  scorch  your  hands."  To 
conclude  this  long  note,  take  the  following  extract  from  Law  Tricks,  1608  : 

"  Broke  broad  jests  upon  her  narrow  wheel, 
Poked  her  rabatoes,  and  surveyed  her  steel .'" 

Cotgrave  explains  rabat,  "  a  Rebatae  for  a  woman's  ruffe  ;  also  a  falling-band."  Menage  says  from 
rabattre,  to  put  back,  because  it  was  at  first  nothing  but  the  collar  of  the  shirt  or  shift  turned  back 
towards  the  shoulders. 

1  This  description  of  the  Minstrel's  dress  is  particularly  valuable,  as  it  gives  a  highly-finished  por- 
trait of  a  class  of  men  long  since  entirely  extinct ;  and  therefore,  as  many  parts  of  the  costume 
alluded  to  in  the  text  are  now  unknown,  it  will  form  an  interesting  note  to  consider  over  and  to 
explain  them.  The  person  mentioned  is  stated  to  have  resembled  "  a  Squire  Minstrel  of  Middlesex ;" 
and  from  this  Dr.  Percy  supposes,  that  '*  there  were  other  inferior  orders,  as  yeomen  minstrels,  or 
the  like."  Philip  Stubbes,  in  his  "  Anatomy  of  Abuses,"  1595,  gives  a  particular  detail  of  the  Ruff, 
which  is  the  first  part  of  the  Minstrel's  dress  mentioned  in  the  text.  From  this  it  may  be  learned, 
that  a  setting  stick,  also  alluded  to,  was  an  instrument  made  either  of  wood  or  bone  for  laying  the 
plaits  of  the  ruff  in  proper  form.  "  A  side  gown  of  Kendal  green,"  was  a  long  hanging  robe  of  coarse 
green  woollen  cloth  or  baize,  for  the  manufacture  of  which  the  town  of  Kendal  in  Westmoreland 
was  very  anciently  celebrated.  From  Stafford's  tract  already  cited,  it  would  appear  that  this  cloth 
was  appropriated  to  servants ;  as  he  there  says,  "  For  I  know  when  a  serving-man  was  content  to  go 
in  a  Kendal  coat  in  summer,  and  a  frise  coat  in  winter ;  and  with  a  plain  white  hose  made  meet  for 
his  body ;  and  with  a  piece  of  beef,  or  some  other  dish  of  sodden  meat,  all  the  week  long :  now  will 
he  look  to  have  at  the  least  for  summer,  a  coat  of  the  finest  cloth  that  may  be  gotten  for  money,  and 
his  hosen  of  the  finest  kersey,  and  that  of  some  strange  dye,  as  Flanders-dye  or  French-puke,  that  a 
Prince  or  great  Lord  can  wear  no  finer  if  he  wear  cloth."  The  mantle  of  Kendal-green,  Laneham 
proceeds  to  state,  was  gathered  at  the  neck  with  a  narrow  gorget,  or  collar.  The  gorget,  which 
literally  signifies  a  throat-piece,  was  originally  a  part  of  the  female  dress,  and  consisted  of  a  long 


462  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

fastened  afore  with  a  white  clasp  and  a  keepar  close  up  to  the  chin,  but  easily  for 
heat  too  undoo  when  he  list ;  seemly  begyrt  in  a  red  caddiz  1  gyrdl ;  from  that,  a 
payr  of  capped  Sheffeld  2  knives  hanging  a  to  side.  Out  of  his  bozome  drawne 
foorth  a  lappet  of  his  napkin,  edged  with  a  blu  lace,  and  marked  with  a  truloove, 
a  hart,  and  a  D.  for  Damian  ;  for  he  was  but  a  bachelar  yet. 

Hiz  gooun  had  syde3  sleevez  dooun  to  midlegge,  slit  from  theshooulder  too  the 
hand,  and  lined  with  white  cotten.     Hiz  dooblet  sleevez  of  blak  woorsted  ;  upon 

piece  of  cloth,  or  other  stuff,  wrapped  several  times  about  the  neck,  raised  on  either  side  the  face,  and 
secured  in  the  front  by  long  pins  driven  into  the  folds.  The  white  clasp  and  keeper  were  probably 
formed  of  pewter,  as  the  words  "  white  metal"  are  often  used  in  this  sense  in  the  writers  of  Lane-, 
ham's  period.  A  red  Caddis  girdle  was  one  of  those  Spanish  manufactures  of  which  Stafford  so  much 
complains ;  they  derived  their  name  from  being  made  at  the  city  of  Cadiz  in  Spain,  out  of  the  fells 
or  untanned  hides,  which  were  sent  from  England  to  be  formed  into  skins  of  Spanish  leather.  To 
this  girdle  hung,  as  usual,  a  pair  of  Sheffield  knives,  capped,  or  placed  within  a  case ;  for  as  the  use 
of  forks  was  not  known  in  England  till  about  the  year  1610,  knives,  for  common  purposes,  were 
usually  made  in  pairs.  The  word  napkin  is  placed  for  handkerchief.  The  description  of  the 
Minstrel's  gown  will  easily  be  understood ;  and  it  is  only  requisite  to  remark  upon  it,  that  fustian-a- 
napes  signifies  Naples  fustian,  or  what  was  sometimes  called  fustian  bustian.  Nether  stocks  were 
under  stockings.  The  scutcheon  about  the  Minstrel's  neck,  alludes  to  an  ancient  custom  for  persons 
of  that  profession  to  wear  the  badge  of  that  family  by  which  they  were  retained  ;  as  the  three  belong- 
ing to  the  house  of  Percy  wore  each  of  them  a  silver  crescent. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century,  this  class  of  men  had  lost  all  their  former  credit,  and 
were  sunk  so  low  in  public  estimation,  that  in  1597,  39th  of  Eliz.  a  statute  was  passed,  by  which 
minstrels,  wandering  abroad,  were  included  with  "  rogues,  vagabonds,  and  sturdy  beggars,"  and 
were  directed  to  be  punished  as  such.     This  act  seems  to  have  put  an  end  to  the  profession. 

Kendall  Green  is  green-baize,  which  was  very  early  manufactured  at  Kendal.  In  Robin  Hood's 
ballads  Lincoln  Green  is  frequently  mentioned.  In  the  ballad  of  Robin  Hood  and  the  Pindar  of 
Wakefield,  Robin  promises  him, 

"  Thou  shalt  have  a  livery  twice  in  the  year, 
The  one  green,  the  other  brown." 
i.  e.  one  to  conceal  him  in  the  woods  in  Summer ;  the  other  in  Winter.     This  might  hold  good  in  the 
case  of  a  deer-stealer  ;  but  there  needs  no  stretch  of  invention  to  discover  why  hunters,  foresters, 
park-keepers,  and  the  train  of  wood-men,  should  be  clad  in  a  livery  so  applicable  to  the  scenery  about 
which  thev  were  conversant. 

Coventry  blue  was  a  cloth  of  that  colour  manufactured  at  Coventry.  In  old  songs  it  is  called 
Coyntrie;  Percy,  vol.  I.  p.  309,  in  the  song  of  Dowsabell,  where  a  frock  of  folicke  green  is  mentioned 
as  well  beseeming  a  may  den  Queen. 

'  A  narrow  worsted  galloon. 

*  The  intelligent  reader  will  immediately  recollect  Chaucer's  Miller  of  Trompington  who  "  a 
Shefeld  thwitel  bare  he  in  his  hose."  3  Long. 


THE    GtUEEN   AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  4*>3 

them  a  payr  of  poynets  of  tawny  chamblet,  laced  along  the  wreast  wyth  blu 
threeden  points  ;  a  weak  toward  the  hand  of  fustian  anapes  J  :  a  payr  of  red 
neather  stocks :  a  payr  of  pumps  on  his  feet,  with  a  crosscut  at  the  toze  for  cornz, 
not  nu  indeede,  yet  cleanly  blakt  with  soot,  and  shining  aza  shoeing  horn.  About 
hiz  neck  a  red  rebond  sutable  to  hiz  girdl.  His  harp  in  good  grace  dependaunt 
before  him  ;  his  wreast2  tyed  to  a  green  lace  and  hanging  by.  Under  the  gor- 
get of  hiz  gooun  a  fayr  flagon  cheyn,  pewter  (for  sylver)  ;  az  a  Squier  Minstrel 
of  Middilsex,  that  travaild  the  cuntree  thys  soomer  season  unto  fairz,  and  worship- 
full  menz  houzez.  From  hiz  cheyn  hoong  a  schoochion,  with  metall  and  cooller 
resplandant  upon  his  breast,  of  the  auncient  armez  of  Islington.  Upon  a  question 
whearof,  he,  az  one  that  was  wel  school'd,  and  coold  his  lesson  parfit  withoout 
booke,  too  aunswear  at  full,  if  question  wear  askt  hym,  declared,  "  How  the  woor- 
shipful  village  of  Islington  in  Middelsex,  well  knooen  too  bee  one  of  the  most 
auncient  and  best  toounz  in  England  next  London  at  thiz  day  ;  for  the  feythfull 
freendship  of  long  time  sheawed,  az  well  at  Cookez  feast  in  Aldersgate-streete 
yeerely  upon  Holly  Rood  day,  az  allso  at  all  solemn  Bridealez  in  the  Citie  of 
London  all  the  yeer  after;  in  well  serving  them  of  furmenty  for  porage,  not  over- 
sod  till  it  be  too  weak  ;  of  mylk  for  theyr  flawnez3,  not  yet  pild4  nor  chalked  ; 
of  cream  for  their  custardes,  not  frothed  nor  thykned  with  floour:  and  of  butter 
for  theyr  pastiez  and  pye-paste,  not  made  of  well  curds,  nor  gatherd  of  whey  in 
Soomer,  nor  mingled  in  Winter  with  salt-butter  watered  or  washt ;  did  obteyn 
long  ago  thez  woorshipfull  armez  in  cooler  and  foorm  az  yee  see ;  which  are,  the 
arms :  A  field  Argent,  as  the  field  and  groound  indeed  whearin  the  milk-wivez  of 

!  Probably  this  word  means  cloth :  it  is  probably  formed  from  Fr.  nappe,  a  table-cloth,  whence  our 
napkin  is  derived. — See  this  word  differently  explained  in  p.  462. 

2  H'reast  is  a  tuning-hammer,  or  turn-screw.  So  much  has  been  written  on  the  subject  of  our 
ancient  Miustrels,  not  without  considerable  diversity  of  opinion  on  certain  points,  that  it  may  suffice 
to  mention  here,  that  so  late  as  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  a  stated  number  of  Minstrels  were  retained  in 
most  of  our  great  or  noble  families.  It  appears  from  the  Northumberland  Household  Book,  that,  the 
establishment  of  that  noble  family  at  Lekinfield  Castle  was  either  a  band  of  musicians,  viz.  a 
taberet,  a  luyte,  and  a  rebeec;  three  players  on  the  ancient  Northumberland  bagpipe  (very  dif- 
ferent from  the  Scotch)  ;  or  reciters  of  verses  or  moral  Speeches  of  their  own  composition  or  others. 

5  Phillips  describes  a  flawn  to  be  "  a  kind  of  dainty  made  of  fine  flower,  eggs,  and  butter." 

*  Not  robbed  or  lowered  by  water,  and  chalk  added  to  cover  the  deceit.  Fr.  piller,  to  rob  or 
deprive. 


464  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLING  WORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

this  woorthy  tooun,  and  every  man  els  in  hys  faculty,  doth  trade  for  hiz  living. 
On  a  fess  tenny  three  platez  betweene  three  milk  tankerds  proper.  The  three 
milk  tankerds  az  the  proper  vessell  whearin  the  substauns  and  matter  of  their 
trade  iz  too  and  fro  transported.  The  fess  tenny,  which  is  a  cooler,  betokening 
dout  and  suspition  ;  so  az  suspition  and  good  heed  taking,  as  well  to  their  markets 
and  servants,  as  to  their  customerz,  that  they  trust  not  too  farre,  may  bring  unto 
them  platez,  that  iz,  coynnd  sylver  ;  three,  that  iz  sufficient  and  plentie ;  for  so 
that  number  in  armory  may  well  signifie. 

"  For  creast,  upon  a  wad  of  ote  strawe  for  a  wreath,  a  bool  of  furmenty. 
Wheat  (az  ye  kno)  iz  the  most  precious  gyft  of  Ceres ;  and  in  the  midst  of  it, 
sticking,  a  dozen  of  horn-spoonz  in  a  bunch,  az  the  instruments  meetest  too  eate 
furmenty  porage  wythall  ;  a  dozen  az  a  number  of  plenty  compleat  for  full  cheere 
or  a  banket ;  and  of  horn,  az  of  a  substauns  more  estimabl  then  iz  made  for  a 
great  deel ;  beeing  nether  so  churlish  in  weight,  az  iz  mettal ;  nor  so  froward  and 
brittle  to  manure  az  stone  ;  nor  yet  so  soily  in  use  nor  roough  to  the  lips  az  wood 
iz  ;  but  lyght,  plyaunt,  and  smooth  ;  that  with  a  little  licking,  wool  allweiz  be 
kept  az  clen  as  a  dy.  With  yoor  paciens,  Gentlmen  (quoth  the  Minstrel),  be  it  said  ; 
wear  it  not  in  deede  that  hornz  bee  so  plentie,  horn-ware,  I  beleeve,  woould  bee 
more  set  by  than  it  iz ;  and  yet  are  thear  in  our  parts  that  wyl  not  stick  too  avow, 
that  many  an  honest  man,  both  in  citee  and  cuntree,  hath  had  hiz  hoous  by  horn- 
ing well  upholden,  and  a  daily  freend  also  at  need  ;  and  thiz  with  your  favoour 
may  I  further  affirm  ;  a  very  ingenioous  parson  waz  hee,  that  for  dignittee  of  the 
stuff,  coold  thus  by  spooning  devise  to  advauns  the  horn  so  neer  to  the  head.  With 
great  congruens  allso  wear  theez  horn-spoonz  put  to  the  wheat ;  az  a  token  and 
porcion  of  cornucopice,  the  horn  of  Achelous;  which  the  Naiades  *  did  fil  with 
all  good  frutez,  corn,  and  grain;  and  after  did  consecrate  unto  abooundauns  and 
plenty. 

"  This  skoochion  with  beastz,  very  aptly  agreeing  both  to  the  armz,  and  to  the 
trade  of  the  bearers  ;  glorioously  supported.  Between  a  gray  mare  (a  beast 
meetest  for  carrying  of  milk  tankards) ;  her  pannell  on  her  bak,  az  alwaiz  reddy 
for  servis  at  every  feast  and  brydale  at  neede ;  her  tail  splayd  at  most  eaz  ;  and 
her  filly  fole,  fallow  and  flaxen  mane  after  the  syre. 

1  Qu.  Maiades  ? 


THE    ai'EEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  46*5 

"  In  the  skro  under-graven  (quoth  hee)  iz  thear  a  proper  woord,  an  Hemistichi, 
well  squaring  with  al  the  rest,  taken  out  of  Salern's  chapter,  Of  things  that  moost 
noorish  man's  body;  Lac,  Caseus  infans ;  that  iz,  good  milke,  and  yoong  cheez. 
And  thus  mooch,  Gentlmen,  and  pleaz  you  (quoth  he)  for  the  armz  of  oour  wor- 
shipful tooun  ;"  and  thearwithall  made  a  manerly  leg,  and  so  held  his  peas. 

Az  the  cumpany  pawzed,  and  the  Minstrel  seemde  to  gape  after  a  praiz  for  hiz 
beau  parlar,  and  bicause  he  had  rendered  hiz  lessen  so  well :  saiz  a  good  fello  of 
the  cumpany,  "  I  am  sorry  to  see  how  mooch  the  poore  Minstrel  mistakez  the 
matter  ;  for  indeed  the  armez  are  thus  : 

"  Three  milk  tankerds  proper,  in  a  fielde  of  cloouted  cream,  three  green  cheesez 
upon  a  shealf  of  cake-bread.  The  fyrmenty  boll  and  horn  spoonz:  cauz  their 
profit  corns  all  by  horned  beastz.  Supported  by  a  mare  with  a  gald  bak,  and 
thearfore  still  coovered  with  a  panniell,  risking  with  her  tail  for  flyez,  and  her 
filly  fole  neying  after  the  dam  for  suk.  This  woord  Lac,  Caseus  infans,  that  iz, 
a  fresh  cheez  and  cream,  and  the  common  cry  that  theez  milk-wivez  make  in  Lon- 
don streetes  yeerly  betwixt  Easter  and  Whitsuntide :  and  this  iz  the  very  matter, 
I  kno  it  well  inough  :"  and  so  ended  hiz  tale,  and  sate  him  dooun  again. 

Heerat  every  man  laught  a  good,  save  the  Minstrell :  that  thoogh  the  fooll  wear 
made  privy  all  waz  but  for  sport,  yet  too  see  himself  thus  crost  with  a  contrary 
ku  that  hee  lookt  not  for,  woold  straight  have  geen  over  all ;  waxt  very  wayward, 
eager  l,  and  soor :  hoow  be  it  at  last,  by  sum  entreaty,  and  many  fayr  woordz,  with 
sak  and  suger  we  sweetned  him  againe,  and  after  becam  az  mery  az  a  py.  Ap- 
peerez  then  afresh,  in  hiz  ful  formalitee  with  a  lovely  loock  ;  after  three  lowlie 
cooursiez,  cleered  his  vois  with  a  hem  and  a  reach,  and  spat  oout  withal ;  wiped  hiz 
lips  with  the  hollo  of  his  hand,  for  fyling  hiz  napkin,  temperd  a  string  or  too  with 
his  wreast,  and  after  a  littl  warbling  on  his  harp  for  a  prelude,  came  foorth  with  a 
sollem  song,  warraunted  for  story  oout  of  King  Arthurz  Acts2,  the  first  booke, 
and  26  chapter;  whearof  I  gate  a  copy;   and  that  is  this : 

1  Sharp,  tart. 

9  In  Caxton's  edition,  "  La  Morte  d' Arthur,"  the  chapter  whence  this  story  is  taken  is  entitled, 
"  How  the  tydings  came  to  Arthur  that  Kyng  Ryons  had  overcome  xi  Kynges;  and  how  he  desyred 
Arthur's  berde  to  purfyl  his  mantel."  With  respect  to  the  poetical  tale  given  in  the  text,  Dr.  Percy, 
by  whom  it  was  printed  in  his  "  Reliques,"  supposes  the  thought  to  have  been  originally  taken  from 
Jeffery  of  Monmouth's  History.  It  has  also  been  printed  in  Enderbie's  "  Cambria  Triumphans," 
with  some  variations  in  the  text,  which  is  probably  much  more  pure  than  that  used  by  Lane- 
ham,  since  it  is  stated  to  have  been  procured  from  "  a  manuscript  in  the  library  of  the  Right  Honour- 
able Thomas  Lord  Windesore." 

VOL.  I.  30 


466  THE    QUEEN    AT   KJLLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

So  it  befell  upon  a  Penticost  day, 
When  King  Arthur  at  Camelot1  kept  Coourt  rial, 
With  hiz  cumly  Queen  dame  Gaynoour  the  gay, 
And  many  bolld  Barrons  sitting  in  hall ; 
Ladies  apparaild  in  purpl  and  pall. 
When  Herauds  in  hukes2  berried  full  hy, 
Largess,  Largess3,  Chevaliers  tres  hardy. 

A  doouty  Dwarf  to  the  uppermost  deas4 
Right  peartly  gan  prik5,  and  kneeling  on  knee, 
With  steeven6  full  stoout  amids  all  the  preas, 
Said,  Hail  Syr  King,  God  thee  save,  and  see 
King  Ryens  of  Northgalez7  greeteth  well  thee, 
And  bids  that  thy  beard  anon  thou  him  send, 
Or  els  from  thy  jaws  he  will  it  of  rend. 

For  his  robe  of  state,  a  rich  scarlet  mantell, 
With  eleaven  Kings  beards  bordred  aboout, 
He  hath  made  late,  and  yet  in  a  cantell8 
Iz  leaft  a  place  the  twelth  to  make  oout, 
Whear  thin  must  stand  bee  thou  never  so  stout ; 
This  must  bee  doon  I  tell  thee  no  fabl, 
Mawgree  the  poour  of  all  thy  roound  tabl. 

When  thiz  mortal  message  from  hiz  mouth  waz  past, 
Great  waz  the  brute9  in  Hall  and  in  Boour, 
The  King  fumed,  the  Queen  shriked,  Ladiez  wear  agast, 

1  The  City  of  Winchester. 

8  The  original  word  in  this  balled  is  hewkes,  which  is  derived  from  the  French  huque,  a  cloak.  The 
tabards,  or  surcoats,  of  the  ancient  heralds,  were  often  denominated  houces,  or  housings ;  and  this 
expression  was  applied,  indiscriminately,  to  their  coats  of  arms,  as  well  as  to  a  dark-coloured  robe 
without  sleeves,  edged  with  fur,  which  they  formerly  wore. 

3  A  cry  used  by  the  Heralds  whenever  they  were  rewarded  by  Knights  or  Sovereigns.  It  is  still  in 
use  at  a  Coronation.     It  is  a  French  expression,  signifying  a  present  or  gift. 

4  The  highest  or  principal  table  in  a  hall,  which  usually  stood  upon  a  platform.  The  word  comes 
from  the  French  dais,  a  canopy,  as  such  a  covering  was  usually  erected  over  the  chief  seats. 

i  Pressed  hastily  forwards.  6  Voice,  sounds.  7  North  Wales. 

'  A  piece,  or  part.     Shakspeare  uses  the  word  in  King  Henry  IV.  part  I.  act  hi.  scene  1. 

"  And  cuts  me,  from  the  best  of  all  my  land, 
A  huge  half-moon,  a  monstrous  cantle  out. 

9  Rumour,  report. 


THE    aUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575.  46~ 

Princes  puft,  Baronz  blustered,  Lordz  began  too  loour, 
Knightz  stampt,  Squirez  startld  az  steedz  in  a  stoour1. 
Yeemen  and  Pagez  veald*2  oout  in  the  Hall, 
Thearwith  cam  in  Syr  Kay  of  Seneshall. 

Sylenz,  my  suffrains,  quoth  the  courteyz  Knight, 
And  in  that  stoound  the  chearm  becam  still ; 
The  Dwarfs  dynner  full  deerly  was  dight, 
For  wine  and  wastell3  hee  had  at  hiz  will; 
And  when  he  had  eaten  and  fed  hiz  fill, 
One  hundred  peeces  of  coyned  gould, 
Wear  given  the  Dwarfe  for  his  message  bolld. 

Say  too  Syr  Ryens,  thou  Dwarf,  quoth  the  King, 
That  for  his  proud  message  I  him  defy, 
And  shortly  with  basinz  and  panz  will  him  ring 
Oout  of  Northgalez  ;  whearaz  hee  and  I 
With  sweards  and  no  razerz  shall  utterly  try 
Which  of  us  both  iz  the  better  Barber : 
And  thearwith,  he  shook  hiz  swoord  Excalaber! 

At  this  the  Minstrell  made  a  pauz  and  a  curtezy,  for  primus  passus.  More  of 
the  song  iz  thear,  but  I  gat  it  not.  Az  for  the  matter,  had  it  cum  to  the  sheaw, 
I  think  the  fello  would  have  handled  it  well  ynoough. 

Her  Highnes  tarryed  at  Killingworth  tyll  the  Wednesday  after,  being  the  27  of 
this  July,  and  the  nienteenth  (inclusive)  of  her  Majestiez  cumming  thither.  For 
which  seven  daiz,  perceyving  my  notez  so  slenderly  aunswering,  I  tooke  it  less 
blame  too  ceas,  and  thearof  to  write  yoo  nothing  at  al,  then  in  such  matterz  to 
write  nothing  likely :  And  so  mooch  the  rather  (as  I  have  well  bethooght  me), 
that  if  I  dyd  but  ruminate  the  dayz  I  have  spoken  of,  I  shall  bring  oout  yet 
sumwhat  more  meet  for  yoor  appetite  (thoogh  a  deinty  tooth  have  ye)  which  I 
beleve  yoor  tender  stomak  will  brook  well  inoogh. 

Whearof  part  iz,  fyrst  hoow  according  to  her  Highnes'  name  Elizabeth,  which 
I  heer  say  oout  of  the  Hebru  signifieth  (amoong  oother)  the  seaventh  of  my 
God  :  diverz  things  heer  did  so  justly  in  number  square  with  the  same.  Az  fyrst 
her  Highness  hither  cumming  in  this  seaventh  moonth ;  and  then  presented  with 
the  seaven  prezents  of  the  seaven  Gods  ;  and  after,  with  the  melody  of  the  seaven 

1  A  battle.  *  Yelled,  cryed.  *  Wastel-bread,  fine  bread. 


468  THE    GLUEEN    At    KILLING  WORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

sorted  muzik  in  the  dollphin,  the  Lake-ladiez  gyft.  Then  too  consider,  how 
fully  the  Gods  (as  it  seemed)  had  conspyred  most  magnificently  in  aboundauns  to 
bestow  their  influencez  and  gyfts  upon  her  Coourt  thear,  to  make  her  Majesty  merry. 

Sage  Saturn  himself  in  parson  (that  becauz  of  his  lame  leg  coold  not  so  well  stur) 
in  chayr,  thearforetoo  take  order  with  the  grave  Officerz  of  Hooushold,  holpen 
indeed  with  the  good  advise  of  hiz  prudent  nees  Pallas,  that  no  unruly  body  or 
disquiet  disturb  the  nobl  Assemblee,  or  els  be  ons  so  bolld  too  enter  within  the 
Castl  gatez.  Awey  with  all  rascal lz,  captivez,  melancholik,  waiward,  froward 
Conjurerz  and  Usurers ;  and  to  have  laborers  and  underwork  men  for  the  beauti- 
fying of  ony  place,  alwey  at  hand  az  they  shoold  be  commaunded. 

Jupiter  sent  parsonagez  of  hy  honor  and  dignitee:  Barons,  Lords,  Ladies, 
Juges,  Bishops,  Lawyerz,  Doctors :  With  them,  Vertu,  Noblness,  Equittee, 
Liberalitee,  and  Compassion:  due  seazon,  and  fay  r  weather :  saving  that,  at  the 
petition  of  hiz  deer  sister  Ceres,  he  graunted  a  day  or  two  of  sum  sweet  shoourz, 
for  rypening  of  her  corn  that  vvaz  so  well  set,  and  too  set  forward  harvest.  Here- 
with, bestoed  he  such  plenty  of  pleasaunt  thunder,  lightning,  and  thunderbolts,  by 
hiz  halting  sun  and  fyermaster  Vulcan,  stil  fresh  and  fresh  framed :  alweyz  so 
frequent,  so  intellabl,  and  of  such  continuans  in  the  spending  (as  I  partly  tolld 
ve)  consumed,  that  surely  he  seemz  to  be  az  of  poor  inestimabl ;  so,  in  store  of 
municion,  unwastable  ;  for  all  Ovid's  censure,  that  says, 

Si  quoties  peccant  homines  sua  fulmina  mittat 
Jupiter,  exiguo  tempore  inermis  erit. 

If  Jove  shoold  shoot  hiz  thunderbolts  az  oft  az  men  offend, 
Assure  you  hiz  artillary  wold  soon  be  at  an  end  ! 

What  a  number  of  estatez  and  of  nobilitee  had  Jupiter  assembled  thear,  gess  yee 
by  this,  that  of  sort  woorshipfull  thear  wear  in  the  Coourt  dayly  aboove  fourty, 
whearof  the  meynest  of  a  thouzand  mark  yeerly  revenu,  and  many  of  mooch 
more.  This  great  gyft  byside  did  hiz  Deitee  cast  upon  her  Highnes,  too  have 
fayr  and  seazonabl  weather  at  her  ooun  appointment ;  according  whearunto  her 
Majesty  so  had.  For  her  gracious  prezens,  thearfore,  with  this  great  gift  indewed, 
Lichfeeld,  Worceter,  and  Middelton ',  with  manye  placez  mo,  made  humbl  sute 
untoo  her  Highnes  too  cum  :  to  such  whearof  as  her  Majesty  coold,  it  cam,  and 
they  seazon  acceptabl. 

1  Lichfield  and  Worcester  were  both  successively  honoured  in  this  Progress. — Query,  what  Middleton 
is  here  meant  ? 


THE  &UEEN  AT  KILLINGWORTH  CASTLE,  15/5-  4^9 

Phoebus,  bisides  his  continual  and  most  delicious  muzik  (az  I  have  toold  yoo), 
appointed  lie  Princes  too  adourn  her  Highnes'  Coourt,  Counselerz,  Herauds,  and 
sanguine  youth,  pleazaunt  and  mery,  costlye  garments,  learned  Phizicianz,  and 
no  need  of  them. 

Juno,  Golld  cheynez,  ouchez,  jewels  of  gret  price  and  rich  attyre,  woorn  in 
mooch  grace,  and  good  beseeming,  without  pryde,  or  emulacion  of  ony. 

Mars,  Captainz  of  good  conduct,  men  skylfull  in  feats  of  armz,  pollitik  in 
stratagem z,  good  coorage  in  good  quarelz,  valiant  and  wizehardy  :  abandoning 
pikquarrells  and  ruffianz :  appoynting  also  pursyvaunts,  currarz  *,  and  posts,  still 
feeding  her  Highnes  with  nuze  and  intelligencez  from  all  parts. 

Venus,  Unto  the  Ladiez  and  Gentlwemen,  beauty,  good  favor,  cumlinesse, 
galant  attyre,  dauncing  with  cumly  grace,  sweet  vois  in  song  and  pleazaunt  talk, 
with  express  commaundment  and  charge  untoo  her  sunn  on  her  blessing,  that 
he  shoot  not  a  shaft  in  the  Coourt  all  the  while  her  Highnes  remayned  at 
Killingwoorth. 

Mercuri,  Learned  men  in  Sciencez  ;  Poets,  Merchaunts,  Painterz,  Karverz, 
Players,  Engyners,  Devyserz,  and  dexteritee  in  handling  of  all  pleazaunt  attempts. 

Luna,  Callm  nights  for  quiet  rest,  and  sylver  moonshine,  that  nightly  indeede 
shone  for  most  of  her  Majestyez  beeing  thear. 

Blind  Plutus,  bags  of  moony,  Custumerz,  Exchaungers,  Bankers,  store  of 
riches  in  plate  and  in  coyn. 

Bacchus,  Full  cups  every  whear,  every  oour,  of  all  kynds  of  Wyne.  Thear 
waz  no  deintee  that  the  Sea  coold  yeeld,  but  Neptune  (thoough  hiz  reign  at  the 
neerest  ly  well  ny  a  hundred  mile  of),  did  dayly  send  in  great  plenty,  sweet  and 
freash.     As  for  freash-water  fish,  the  store  of  all  sorts  waz  aboundaunt. 

And  hoow  bountifull  Ceres  in  provizion  waz,  gess  ye  by  this,  that  in  lytel  more 
then  a  three  dayz  space,  72  tunn  of  ale  and  beer  was  pyept  up  quite:  what  that 
mighte  whilst  with  it  of  bread  beside  meat,  I  report  me  to  yoo  :  and  yet  Master 
Controller,  Master  Coferar,  and  diverz  officers  of  the  Coourt,  sum  honorabl,  and 
sundrye  right  woorshipfull,  placed  at  Warwick,  for  more  rooum  in  the  Castl.  But 
heer  waz  no  ho!  Master  Martin,  in  devoout  drinking  allwey  ;  that  brought  lak 
unlookt-for;  whiche  being  knoen  too  the  worshipfull  my  Lord's  good  neighboorz, 
cam  thear  in  a  two  dayz  space,  from  sundry  friendz,  a  releef  of  a  xl  tunn,  'till 
a  nu  supply  waz  gotten  agayn  :  and  then  to  oour  drinking  a  freshe  az  fast  az  ever 
we  did. 

1  Couriers. 


470  THE    GtUEEN    AT   KILLING  WORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

Flora,  Abrode  and  within  the  hoouse,  ministred  of  flourz  so  great  a  quantitee, 
of  such  sweet  savoour,  so  beautifully  hued,  so  large  and  fayr  of  proporcion,  and 
of  so  straunge  kindez  and  shapez,  that  it  waz  great  pleasure  to  see  :  and  so  mooch 
the  more,  az  thear  waz  great  store  yet  counterfet,  and  foormed  of  featherz  by  art ; 
lyke  glorioous  to  the  sheaw,  az  wear  the  naturall. 

Protheus,  Hiz  tumbler,  that  coold  by  nimblness  cast  himself  into  so  many 
foorms  and  facionz. 

Pan,  Hiz  mery  morrys-dauns,  with  theyr  pype  and  taber. 

Bellona,  Her  quintine  knights  and  proper  bickerings  of  the  Coventree  men. 

Polyphemus,  Neptunez  sun  and  heyr:  (let  him  I  pray,  and  it  be  but  for  his- 
father's  sake,  and  for  hiz  good  vvyll,  be  allowed  for  a  God,)  with  hiz  bearz,  hiz 
bear  whealps,  and  bandogs. 

JEolus,  Hollding  up  hiz  windez,  while  her  Highnes  at  any  tyme  took  pleazure 
on  the  water,  and  staying  of  tempests  during  her  abode  heer. 

Sylvanus,  Beside  hiz  plentifull  provizion  of  fooul  for  deynty  viaunds,  his  plea- 
zaunt  and  sweet  singing  byrds  ;  whearof  I  will  sheaw  you  more  anon. 

Echo,  Her  wel  endighted  dialog. 

Faunus,  Hiz  joly  savage. 

Genius  loci,  Hiz  tempring  of  all  things  within  and  without,  with  apt  tyme  and 
place  to  pleazure  and  delight. 

Then  the  three  Charites:  Aglaia,  with  her  lightsum  gladnes;  Thalia,  her 
floorishing  freshnes ;  Euphrosyne,  her  cheerfulnes  of  spirite ;  and  with  theez  three 
in  one  assent,  Concordia,  with  her  amittee  and  good  agreement.  That  to  hoow 
great  effects  their  poourz  wear  pooured  oout  hear  among  us,  let  it  bee  judged  by 
this,  that  by  a  multytude  thus  met  of  a  three  or  foour  thoouzand  every  day ;  and 
diverz  dayz  more,  of  so  sundry  degrees,  professions,  agez,  appetytz,  dispozicions, 
and  affections ;  such  a  drifte  of  tyme  waz  thear  passed,  with  such  amitee,  loove, 
pastime,  agreement,  and  obediens  whear  it  shoold  ;  and  without  quarrell,  jarring, 
grudging,  or  (that  I  coold  heer)  of  yll  woord  between  any.  A  thing,  Master 
Martin,  very  rare  and  straunge,  and  yet  no  more  straunge  then  tru. 

The  Parcce  (as  earst  I  shoold  have  said)  the  first  night  of  her  Majestiez 

cumming,  they  heering  and  seeing  so  precioous  ado  heer  at  a  place  unlookt-for, 

in  an  uplondish  cuntree  so  far  within  the  ream :  preassing  intoo  every  steed  whear 

her  Highnes  went,  whearby  so  duddld  l  with  such  varietee  of  delyghts,  did  set 

1  This  strange  word,  which  by  the  context  must  mean  confused  or  interrupted  seems  to  have  origin- 
ated in  the  prolific  brain  of  Laneham.     It  may  have  been  intended  for  muddled. 


THE    &UEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575.  471 

aside  their  huswifre,  coold  not  for  their  harts  tend  their  work  a  whyt.  But  after 
they  had  seen  her  Majesty  a-bed,  gat  them  a-prying  into  every  place :  Olid  hags ! 
az  fond  of  nuellties,  az  yoong  girls  that  had  never  seen  Coourt  afore :  but  neyther 
full  with  gazing,  nor  wery  with  gadding ;  leaft  of  yet  for  that  time,  and  at  high 
midnight  gate  them  gigling  (but  not  alooud)  into  the  Prezens-chamber :  minding 
indeed,  with  their  prezent  diligens,  too  recompens  their  former  slaknes. 

So,  setting  themselvez  thus  dooun  to  their  work,  "  Alas !"  sayz  Atropos,  "  I 
have  lost  my  sheerz !"  Lachesis  laught  apace,  and  woold  not  draw  a  threed  : 
"  And  think  ye,  damez,  that  ile  hoold  the  distaff,  whyle  both  ye  sit  idle  ?"  "  Why, 
no,  by  my  mootherz  soil,"  qd  Clotho.  Thearwith,  fayr  lapt  in  a  fine  lawn  the 
spindel  and  rok  ],  that  waz  dizend  with  pure  purpl  sylk,  layd  they  safely  up  too- 
gyther,  that  of  hir  Majestyz  distaff,  for  an  eighteen  dayz,  thear  waz  not  a  threed 
spoon,  I  assure  you.  The  too  systers  after  that  (I  hard  say)  began  their  work 
again,  that  long  may  they  continu :  but  Atropos  hard  no  tydings  of  her  sheers, 
and  not  a  man  that  moned  her  loss.  Shee  iz  not  beloved  surely  ;  for  this  can  I 
tell  yoo,  that  whither  it  bee  for  hate  too  the  hag,  or  loove  to  her  Highness,  or  els 
for  both,  every  man  prayz  God  she  may  never  find  them  for  that  woork,  and 
so  pray  I  dayly  and  duly  with  the  devoutest. 

Thus  partly  ye  perceyve  noow,  hoow  greatly  the  Gods  can  do  for  mortals,  and 
hoow  mooch  alwey  they  loove  whear  they  like :  that  what  a  gentl  Jove  waz  thys, 
thus  curteoously  too  contrive  heer  such  a  treyn  of  Gods  ?  Nay  then  rather 
Master  Martin  (to  cum  oout  of  our  poeticaliteez,  and  too  talk  on  more  serioous 
terms),  what  a  magnificent  Lord  may  we  justly  account  him,  that  cold  so  highli 
cast  order  for  such  a  Jupiter  and  all  hiz  Gods  besid :  That  none  with  hiz  influens, 
good  property,  or  prezent,  wear  wanting ;  but  alweis  redy  at  hand,  in  such  order 
and  aboundans,  for  the  honoring  and  delight  of  so  high  a  Prins,  oour  most  gracious 
Queen  and  Soverain.  A  Prins  (I  say)  so  singuler  in  pre-eminens,  and  vvorthines 
aboove  al  other  Princes  and  Digniteez  of  oour  time :  thoogh  I  make  no  comparison 
too  yeers  past,  to  him  that  in  thiz  point,  either  of  ignorauns  (if  any  such  can  be), 
or  els  of  malevolens  woold  make  any  doout :  sit  liber  Judex  (as  they  say) ;  let 
him  look  on  the  matter,  and  aunswer  himself,  he  haz  not  far  too  travell. 

Az  for  the  amptitude  of  his  Lordship's  mynde,  all  be  it  that  I,  poor  soil,  can  in 
conceit  no  more  attain  untoo,  then  judge  of  a  gem  whearof  I  have  no  skill ;  yea, 

1  A  distaff  held  in  the  hand,  from  which  the  wool  was  spun  by  a  ball  fixed  below  on  a  spindle,  upon 
which  every  thread  was  wound  up  as  it  was  done.  It  was  the  ancient  way  of  spinning,  and  is  still  in 
use  in  many  Northern  Counties.     See  Bailey. 


472  THE    GtUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

thoough  dayly  worn  and  resplendent  in  myneey:  Yet  sum  of  the  vertuze  and 
propertiez  thearof,  in  quantitee  or  qualitee  so  apparaunt  az  cannot  be  hidden 
but  seen  of  all  men,  moought  I  be  the  boolder  to  report  her  unto  yoo :  but  as  for 
the  valu,  yoor  jewellers  by  their  carrets  let  them  cast  and  they  can. 

And  fyrst,  who  that  considerz  untoo  the  stately  seat  of  Kenelwoorth  Castl,  the 
rare  beauty  of  bilding  that  his  Honor  hath  avaunced  l  ;  all  of  the  hard  quarry 
stone:  every  room  so  spacious,  so  well  belighted,  and  so  hy  roofed  within:  so 
seemly  to  sight  by  du  proportion  without :  a  day  tyme,  on  every  side  so  glittering 
by  glasse ;  a  nights,  by  continuall  brightnesse  of  candel,  fyre,  and  torch-light, 
transparent  thro  the  lyghtsome  wyndz,  az  it  wear  the  Egiptian  Pharos  relucent. 
untoo  all  the  Alexandrian  coast:  or  els  (too  talke  merily  with  my  mery  freend) 
thus  radiaunt,  az  thoogh  Phoebus  for  hiz  eaz  woold  rest  him  in  the  Castl,  and  not 
every  night  so  to  travel  dooun  untoo  the  Antipodes.  Heertoo  so  fully  furnisht  of 
rich  apparell  and  utensilez  apted  in  all  pointes  to  the  best. 

Untoo  thiz,  hiz  Honorz  exquisit  appointment  of  a  beautifull  Garden2,  an  aker 

1  This  description  refers  to  that  part  of  the  Castle  called  "  Leicester's  Buildings." 

2  It  would  appear  from  the  "Secret  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester,"  that  the  magnificent 
gardens  and  spacious  parks  at  Kenilworth  were  riot  completed  without  some  oppression  on  the  part 
of  their  possessor,  as  the  unknown  author  of  the  above  work  thus  speaks  concerning  them  :  "  The 
like  proceedings  he  used  with  the  tenants  about  Killingworth,  where  he  received  the  said  Lordship 
and  Castle  from  the  Prince,  in  gift,  of  s^.24  yearly  rent,  or  thereabouts,  hath  made  it  better  than 
sg.500  by  year,  by  an  old  record  also  found,  by  great  good  fortune,  in  a  hole  of  the  wall,  as  it  is 
given  out  (for  he  hath  singular  good  luck  always  in  finding  out  records  for  his  purpose)  ;  by  virtue 
whereof  he  hath  taken  from  his  tenants  round  about,  their  lands,  woods,  pastures,  and  commons,  to 
make  himself  parks,  chases,  and  other  commodities  therewith,  to  the  subversion  of  many  a  good 
family  which  was  maintained  there  before  this  devourer  set  foot  in  that  country."  At  a  subsequent 
part  of  the  same  volume  is  mentioned  Lord  Leicester's  "  intolerable  tyranny"  upon  the  lands  of  one 
Lane,  "  who  offered  to  take  Killingworth  Castle."  A  Royal  favourite,  however,  and  a  successful 
minister,  was  never  yet  without  enemies,  and  it  is  certain  that  Lord  Leicester  was  not;  the  whole  of 
the  volume  out  of  which  these  extracts  have  been  made,  is  filled  with  charges  of  the  most  dreadful 
crimes  with  which  human  nature  can  be  stained ;  yet  even  these  are  related  with  such  levity,  such 
seeming  familiarity  with  vice,  that  the  reader  is  tempted  to  believe  that  a  great  proportion  of  it  was 
fabricated  by  malice,  and  that  the  author  was  even  worse  than  the  character  he  describes.  But  to 
return : — The  garden  mentioned  in  the  text  will  doubtless  remind  some  readers  of  those  splendid 
pleasure-grounds  which  belonged  to  Lord  Burleigh,  at  Theobalds  in  Hertfordshire,  and  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  at  Shirburne  Castle  in  Dorsetshire.  Of  the  former,  Peck,  in  his  "  Desiderata  Curiosa," 
says,  "  He  also  greatly  delighted  in  making  gardens,  fountains,  and  walks,  which  at  Theobalds  were 
perfected  most  costly,  beautifully,  and  pleasantly.     Where  one  might  walk  two  miles  in  the  walks 


THE  QUEEN  AT  KILLINGWORTH  CASTLE,  1575-  4~3 

or  more  of  quantitee,  that  lyeth  on  the  North  thear :  whearin  hard  all  along  the 
Castl  wall  iz  reared  a  pleazaunt  terres,  of  a  ten  foot  hy,  and  a  twelve  brode,  eeven 
under  foot,  and  fresh  of  fyne  grass;  az  iz  also  the  syde  thearof  toward  the 
gardein  :  in  whiche,  by  sundry  equall  distauncez,  with  obelisks,  sphearz,  and 
white  bearz1,  all  of  stone  upon  theyr  curioouz  basez,  by  goodly  shew  wear  set: 
too  theez,  too  fine  arbers  redolent 2  by  sweet  trees  and  floourz,  at  ech  end  one,  the 
garden  plot  under  that,  with  fayr  alleyz  green  by  grass,  eeven  voided  from  the 
borderz  a  both  sydez,  and  sum  (for  chaunge)  with  sand,  not  light  or  to  soft  or 
soilly  by  dust,  but  smooth  and  fyrme,  pleasaunt  to  walk  on,  az  a  sea-shore  when 
the  water  iz  availd  :  then,  much  gracified  by  du  proporcion  of  four  eeven  quarterz: 
in  the  midst  of  each,  upon  a  base  a  too  foot  square,  and  hy,  seemly  borderd  of 
itself,  a  square  pilaster  rising  pyramidally  of  a  fyfteen  foot  hy  :  simmetrically 
peerced  through  from  a  foot  beneath,  until  a  too  foot  of  the  top  :  whearupon  for 

before  he  came  to  their  ends."  Sir  Paul  Hentzner,  in  his  "  Journey  into  England,"  when  speaking 
of  the  same  place,  describes  it  more  particularly.  "  From  this  place  [i.  e.  the  gallery,]  one  goes 
into  the  garden,  encompassed  with  a  ditch  full  of  water,  large  enough  for  one  to  have  the  pleasure  of 
going  in  a  boat,  and  rowing  between  the  shrubs  j  here  are  great  variety  of  trees  and  plants ;  laby- 
rinths made  with  a  great  deal  of  labour  ;  a.  jet  d'enu,  with  its  bason  of  white  marble  ;  and  columns 
and  pyramids  of  wood  and  other  materials  up  and  down  the  garden.  After  seeing  these,  we  were  led 
by  the  gardener  into  the  Summer-house,  in  the  lower  part  of  which,  built  semicircularly,  are  the  twelve 
Roman  Emperors,  in  white  marble,  and  a  table  of  touchstone ;  the  upper  part  of  it  is  set  round  with 
cisterns  of  lead,  into  which  water  is  conveyed  through  pipes,  so  that  6sh  may  be  kept  in  them,  and  in 
Summer  time  they  are  very  convenient  for  bathing ;  in  another  room  for  entertainment,  very  near 
this,  and  joined  to  it  by  a  little  bridge,  is  an  oval  table  of  red  marble."  Concerning  the  pleasure- 
grounds  at  Shirburne,  in  Peck's  work,  before  cited,  there  is  only  a  notice  that  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  had 
drawn  the  river  through  the  rocks  into  his  garden  ;  but  Coker  states,  that  he  built  in  the  park, 
adjoining  to  the  Castle,  "  from  the  ground,  a  most  fine  house,  which  he  beautified  with  orchard':, 
gardens,  and  groves,  of  such  variety  and  delight,  that  whether  you  consider  the  goodness  of  the  soil, 
the  pleasantness  of  the  seat,  and  other  delicacies  belonging  to  it,  it  is  unparalleled  by  any  in  these 
parts."  The  above  extracts  will  be  an  amusing  counterpart  to  Laneham's  elaborate  description  of 
Lord  Leicester's  gardens. 

1  These  effigies  were  allusive  to  the  ancient  badge  of  the  Earls  of  Warwick,  which  was,  a  bear 
erect  Argent,  muzzled  Gules,  supporting  a  ragged  staff  of  the  first ;  the  ragged  staffs  were  introduced  in 
another  part  of  the  garden,  see  hereafter,  p.  476.  Lord  Leicester's  connexion  with  the  Earls  of  War- 
wick was,  through  the  houses  of  Lisle  and  Beauchamp,  brought  into  the  family  of  Dudley  by  his 
mother,  Elizabeth  Talbot.  In  1561,  Ambrose  Dudley,  Robert's  elder  brother,  was  made  Earl  of 
Warwick,  and  consequently  the  badge  was  thus  introduced. 
8  From  the  Latin  redolens,  yielding  a  sweet  smell  or  scent. 
VOL.  I.  3    P 


474  THE    ClUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

a  capitell,  an  orb  of  a  ten  inches  thik  :  Every  of  theez  (with  its  base),  from  the 
groound  too  the  top,  of  one  hole  pees ;  heawen  oout  of  hard  porphiry,  and  with 
great  art  and  heed  (thinks  me)  thyther  conveyd  and  thear  erected.  Whear,  further 
allso,  by  great  cast  and  cost,  the  sweetness  of  savoour  on  all  sidez,  made  so  respi- 
raunt  from  the  redolent  plants  and  fragrant  earbs  and  floourz,  in  foorm,  cooler, 
and  quantitee  so  deliciously  variant;  and  frute  trees  bedecked  with  applz,  peares, 
and  ripe  cherryez. 

And  unto  theez,  in  the  midst  agaynst  the  terres,  a  square  cage,  sumptuoous  and 
beautifull,  joyned  hard  to  the  North  wall  (that  a  that  side  gards  the  gardein,  as 
the  Gardein  the  Castl)  of  a  rare  form  and  excellency  was  reyzed :  in  heyth  a- 
twentye  foot,  thyrty  long,  and  a  foourteen  brode.  From  the  ground  strong  and 
close,  reared  breast  hy,  whearat  a  soyl  of  a  fayr  moolding  was  coouched  all  aboout: 
from  that  upward,  foour  great  wyndoz  a  front,  and  too  at  each  eend,  every  one  a 
fyve  foot  wyde,  az  many  mo  eeven  above  them,  divided  on  all  parts  by  a  transum 
and  architrave  *,  so  likewise  raunging  aboout  the  cage.  Each  windo  arched  in 
the  top,  and  parted  from  oother  in  eeven  distauns  by  flat  fayr  bolteld  columns  3, 
all  in  foorm  and  beauty  like,  that  supported  a  cumly  cornish  couched  al  along 
upon  the  bole  square ;  which  with  a  wire  net,  finely  knit,  of  mashez  six  square, 
an  inch  wyde  (az  it  wear  for  a  flat  roof)  and  likewyse  the  space  of  every  windo 
with  great  cunning  and  cumlines,  eeven  and  tight  waz  all  over-strained.  Under 
the  cornish  again,  every  part  beautifyed  with  great  diamonds,  emerauds,  rubyes, 
and  saphyres ;  poynted,  tabid,  rok3  and  round4;  garnisht  with  their  golld,  by 
skilful  hed  and  hand,  and  by  toile  and  pensil  so  lively  exprest,  az  it  mought  bee 

1  The  word  architrave  signifies  the  lowest  member  of  the  cornice,  and  an  architrave  window  is  one 
with  an  ogee,  or  wreathed  moulding.     A  transom  is  a  beam  or  lintel  crossing  over  a  window. 

*  Boltel  is  a  term  used  in  building,  to  signify  any  prominence  or  jutting-out  beyond  the  flat  face  of 
the  wall. 

3  This  description  of  the  mode  of  setting  the  precious  stones,  is  not  very  intelligible  :  perhaps  rok 
may  mean  style,  resembling  rock  work,  and  opposed  to  those  that  were  finished  round. 

4  It  is  evident  that  these  precious  stones  were  imitated  in  painting ;  and  that  they  were  meant  to 
represent  the  gems  in  their  various  appearances.  Pointed,  or  rose,  as  it  is  termed  by  the  lapidaries,  is 
when  a  stone  is  cut  with  many  angles  rising  from  an  octagon,  and  terminating  in  a  point.  Tabled  is 
when  a  diamond  is  formed  with  one  flat  upper  surface  ;  and  the  word  table  also  signifies  the  principal 
face.  Rough  is  understood  to  mean  the  gem  in  its  primary  state,  when  its  radiance  is  seen  to  sparkle 
through  the  dross  of  the  mine.  Round  denotes  the  jewel  when  it  is  cut  and  polished  with  a  convex 
surface.  The  expression,  "  Garnished  with  their  gold,"  which  follows  in  the  text,  signifies  orna- 
mented with  their  settings. 


THE    QUEEN   AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575.  475 

great  marveil  and  pleasure  to  consider  how  neer  excellency  of  Art  could  approach 
unto  perfection  of  Nature. 

Bear  with  me,  good  Cuntreeman,  thoogh  thinges  be  not  sheeawd  heer  az  well  as 
I  woold,  or  az  well  as  they  shoold ;  for  indeed  I  can  better  imagin  and  conceyve 
that  I  see,  than  wel  utter  or  duly  declare  it.  Holez  wear  thear  also  and  caverns 
in  orderly  distauns  and  facion,  voyded  into  the  wall,  az  well  for  heat,  for  coolnes, 
for  roost  a  nightz  and  refuge  in  weather,  az  allso  for  breeding  when  tyme  iz. 
More,  fayr  eeven  and  fresh  hollye  treez  for  pearching  and  proining,  set  within, 
tooward  each  eend  one. 

Heerto,  their  diversitee  of  meats,  their  fine  several  vessels  for  their  water  and 
sundry  grainz  ;  and  a  man  skilful  and  diligent  to  looke  to  them  and  tend  them. 

But  (shall  I  tell  you)  the  silver  soounded  lute,  withoout  the  sweet  toouch  of 
hand ;  the  glorioous  goollden  cup,  without  the  fresh  fragrant  wine ;  or  the  rich 
ring  with  gem,  without  the  fayr  feawtered  finger ;  is  nothing  indeed  in  hiz  proper 
grace  and  use :  even  so  his  Honor  accounted  of  thiz  mansion,  'till  he  had  plast 
thear  tenauntes  according.  Had  it  thearfore  replenishte  with  lively  burds,  English, 
French,  Spanish,  Canarian,  and  (I  am  deceaved  if  I  saw  not  sum)  African. 
Whearby,  whither  it  becam  more  delightsum  in  chaunge  of  tunez,  and  armony 
too  the  eare ;  or  els  in  differens  of  coollerz,  kindez,  and  propertyez  too  the  ey,  ile 
tell  yoo  if  I  can,  when  I  have  better  bethought  me. 

One  day,  Master  Martin,  az  the  garden  door  was  open,  and  her  Highnes  a 
hunting,  by  licens  of  my  good  freend  Adrian,  I  cam  in  at  a  bek,  but  woold  skant 
oout  with  a  thrust:  for  sure  I  waz  loth  so  soon  to  depart.  Well  may  this, 
Master  Martyn,  bee  sumwhat  too  magnitude  of  mynde ;  but  more  thearof  az  ye 
shall  kno,  more  cauz  ye  shall  have  so  to  think:  heer  out  what  I  tell  yoo,  and  tell 
me  when  we  meet. 

In  the  center  (az  it  wear)  of  this  goodly  gardein,  waz  theer  placed  a  very  fayr 
foountain  !,  cast  intoo  an  eight  square,  reared  a  four  foot  hy ;  from  the  midst 
whearof  a  colum  up  set  in  shape  of  too  Athlants  joined  togeather  a  back  half; 

1  In  a  valuation  of  the  Castle  of  Kenilworth  (Cotton  MS.  Tiberius  E  viiij  without  date,  but  temp. 
James  I.  and  somewhat  injured  by  the  fire,  is  the  following  item:  A  fountaine  of  white  marble, 
engraven  round  about  with  storie  woork,  with  the  Queenes  seat  of  freestone,  both  being  in  the 
garden — valued  at  sg.50.  A  view  of  this  fountain  is  preserved  in  the  copy  made  by  Beighton,  in 
1716,  of  a  large  fresco  painting,  formerly  at  Newnham  Padox,  representing  the  Castle  as  it  appeared 
in  1629,  and  from  which  an  engraving  was  made  in  1817. 


476  THE    QlUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

the  oon  looking  East,  toother  West,  with  theyr  hands  uphollding  a  fayr  formed 
boll  of  a  three  foot  over;  from  wheans  sundrye  fine  pipez  did  lively  distill  con- 
tinuall  streamz  intoo  the  receyt  of  the  foountayn,  maynteyned  styll  too  foot  deep 
by  the  same  fresh  falling  water :  whearin  pleazaunly  playing  too  and  fro,  and  round 
about,  carp,  tench,  bream,  and  for  varietee,  perch  and  eel,  fish  fayr-liking  all,  and 
large:  In  the  toppe,  the  ragged  staff;  which,  with  the  boll,  the  pillar,  and  eyght 
sidez  beneath,  wear  all  heawen  oout  of  rich  and  hard  white  marbl.  A  one  syde, 
Neptune  wyth  hiz  tridental  fuskin  l  triumphing  in  hiz  throne,  trayled  into  the 
deep  by  his  marine  horsez.  On  another,  Thetis  in  her  chariot  drawn  by  her 
dolphins.  Then  Triton  by  hiz  fishez.  Heer  Protheus  hearding  hiz  sea  buls. 
Thear  Doris  and  her  doughterz  solacing  a  sea  and  sandz.  The  wavez  soourging 
with  froth  and  fome,  entermengled  in  place,  with  walez,  whirlpoolz,  sturgeonz, 
tunneyz,  conchs,  and  wealks,  all  engraven  by  exquisit  devize  and  skill,  so  az  I 
maye  thinke  this  not  much  inferioour  unto  Phoebus  gatez,  which  (Ovid  sayz)  and 
peradventur  a  pattern  to  thiz,  that  Vulcan  himself  dyd  cut :  whearof  such  waz 
the  excellency  of  art,  that  the  woork  in  valu  surmoounted  the  stuff,  and  yet  wer 
the  gatez  all  of  clean  massy  sylver. 

Heer  wear  thinges,  ye  see,  moought  inflame  ony  mynde  too  long  after  looking : 
but  whooso  was  found  so  hot  in  desyre,  with  the  wreast  of  a  cok  waz  sure  of  a 
coolar :  water  spurting  upward  with  such  vehemency,  az  they  shoold  by  and  by^ 
be  moystned  from  top  too  toe;  the  hee's  to  sum  laughing,  but  the  shee's  to  more 
sport.     [Thiz  sumtime  waz  occupied  to  very  good  pastime2.] 

A  garden  then  so  appoynted,  az  whearin  aloft  upon  sweet  shadoed  walk  of 
terres,  in  heat  of  Soomer,  too  feel  the  pleazaunt  whysking  winde  aboove,  or 
delectabl  coolnes  of  the  fountain  spring  beneath :  to  taste  of  delicious  strawberiez, 
cherryes,  and  oother  frutez,  eeven  from  their  stalks  :  too  smell  such  fragrancy  of 
sweet  odoourz,  breathing  from  the  plants,  earbs,  and  floourz :  too  heer  such 
naturall  meloodioous  musik  and  tunez  of  burdz  :  to  have  in  ey,  for  myrth,  sum- 
time  theez  undersprynging  steamz ;  then,  the  woods,  the  waters  (for  both  pool 
and  chase  wer  hard  at  hand  in  sight),  the  deer,  the  peepl  (that  oout  of  the  East 
arber  in  the  base  coourt  allso  at  hande  in  view),  the  frute  trees,  the  plants,  the 
earbs,  the  floourz,  the  chaunge  in  coolers,  the  burds  flyttering,  the  mountain 

1  A  term  derived  from  the  Latin  fuscina,  an  eel-spear,  trident,  or  three-forked  mace.  — ^See 
Ainsworth. 

1  This  sentence  is  wanting  in  the  Duchess  of  Portland's  copy. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575*  477 

Streaming,  the  fysh  swymming,  all  in  such  delectabl  varietee,  order,  dignitee ; 
whearby,  at  one  moment,  in  one  place,  at  hande,  without  travell,  to  have  so  full 
fruition  of  so  many  God's  blessinges,  by  entyer  delight  unto  all  sencez  (if  al  can 
take)  at  ones  :  for  etymon  of  the  word  woorthy  to  be  calld  Paradys  l :  and  though 
not  so  goodly  as  Paradis  for  want  of  the  fayr  rivers,  yet  better  a  great  deel  by  the 
lak  of  so  unhappy  a  tree.  Argument  most  certein  of  a  right  nobl  minde,  that  in 
this  sort  coold  have  thus  all  contrived. 

But,  Master  Martin,  yet  one  wyndlesse  must  I   featch,  to  make  ye  one  more 

fayr  coorz  and  I  can :  and  cauz  I  speak  of  One,  let  me  tell  you  a  littl  of  the 

dignittee  of  One-hood ;  whearin  allweyz  al  hy  Deitee,  al  Soveraintee,  preeminens, 

principalitee,  and  concord,  withoout  possibilitee  of  disagreement,  iz  conteyned  ; 

az,  One  God,  One  Saviour,  One  Feith,  One  Prins,  One  Sun,  One  Phoenix  ;  and, 

az  One  of  great  wisdom  sayz,  One  Hart,  One  Wey.     Whear  One-hood  reinz, 

ther  Quiet  bears  rule,  and  Discord  fliez  a  pase.    Three  again  may  signify  cumpany ; 

a  meeting,  a  multitude,  pluralitee;  so  az  all  talez  and  numbrings  from  too  untoo 

three,  and  so  upward,  may  well  be  counted  numberz,  'till  they  moount  untoo  infi- 

nitee,  or  els  to  confusion,  which  thing  the  sum  of  Too  can  never  admit ;  nor  itself 

can  well  be  coounted  a  number,  but  rather  a  freendly  conjunction  of  too  One's  ; 

that,  keeping  in  a  synceritee  of  accord,  may  purport  untoo  us  charitee  each  too 

other;  mutuall  love,  agreement,  and  integritee  of  friendship  without  dissimulation. 

Az  iz  in  theez :  The  Too  Testamentes ;  The  Too  Tables  of  the  Law  ;  The  Too 

great  Lights,  Duo  luminaria  magna,  the  Sun  and  Moon.     And,  but  mark  a  lyttl, 

I  pray,  and  see  hoow  of  all  things  in  the  world,  oour  toongs  in  talk  doo  alweys  so 

redily  trip  upon  tooz,  payrz,  and  cooplez :  Sumtimez  az  of  things  in  equality, 

sumtime  of  diflferens,  sumtime  of  contrariez,  or  for  comparyzon  ;  but  cheefly  for 

the  most  part,  of  things  that  between  themselvez  do  well  agree,  and  are  fast  linked 

in  amitee :  Az,  fyrst,  for  pastimez,  hooundz  and  hawks  ?  deer  red  and  fallo  ;  hare 

and  fox  ;  partrich  and  fezaunt ;  fish  and  fooul ;  carp  and  tench.     For  warz,  spear 

and  sheeld  ;  hors  and  harnes ;  swoord  and  bukler.     For  sustenauns,  wheat  and 

1  Paradisus  Graec.  Hortus  amaeniss.  aut  Hebrse.  Pardes ;  id  est,  Hortus. — Laneham,  in  making  use 
of  this  expression,  gave  to  Lord  Leicester's  gardens  a  name  which  it  was  customary  to  apply  to 
pleasure-grounds  and  houses  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries,  as  in  the  instances  of  Wressel 
and  Lekinfield,  in  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 


4?  8  THE    &UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  I575. 

barly ;  peas  and  beanz ;  meat  and  drinke ;  bread  and  meat ;  beer  and  ale  ;  appls 
and  pearz. 

But  least  by  such  Dualiteez  I  draw  yoo  too  far;  let  us  heer  stay,  and  cum 
neerer  home.  See  what  a  sort  of  freendlie  biniteez  J  we  oourselvez  do  consist 
and  stond  upon  :  fyrst,  oour  too  feet,  too  legs,  too  kneez,  so  upward  ;  and  aboove, 
too  shoolderz,  too  arms,  and  too  hands.  But  cheefly  oour  principll  too;  that  iz, 
body  and  soil.  Then  in  the  hed,  whear  all  oour  sensez  meet,  and  almost  all  in 
tooz  :  too  nozethrills,  too  earz,  and  too  eyz  :  so  ar  we  of  freendly  tooz's  from  top 
too  to.  Wei,  to  this  number  of  biniteez,  take  ye  one  mo  for  an  upshot,  and  heer 
an  eend. 

Too  Dialz  ny  unto  the  battilments  ar  set  aloft  upon  too  of  the  sidez  of  Caezars 
Tour;  one  East,  thoother  Soouth  ;  for  so  stond  they  best,  to  sheaw  the  hoourz 
to  the  Tooun  and  Cuntree  ;  both  fayre,  large,  and  rich,  by  byse3  for  ground,  and 
goold  for  letterz,  whearby  they  glitter  conspicuous  a  great  wey  of.  The  clok-bell, 
that  iz  good  and  shrill,  waz  commaunded  to  silens  at  first,  and  indeede  sang  not  a 
note  all  the  while  her  Highnes  waz  thear  ;  the  clok  stood  allso  still  withall.  But 
mark  now,  whither  wear  it  by  chauns,  by  constellation  of  starz,  or  by  fatal 
appoyntment  (if  fatez  and  starz  do  deal  with  dialz),  thus  waz  it  indeede.  The 
handz  of  both  the  tablz  stood  firm  and  fast,  allweyz  pointing  too  just  too  a  clok, 
still  at  too  a  clok.  Which  thing  holding  by  hap  at  fyrst,  but  after  seriously 
marking  indeed,  enprinted  intoo  me  a  deepe  sign  and  argument  certein.  That 
thiz  thing,  amoong  the  rest,  waz  for  full  signifiauns  of  his  Lordship's  honorabl, 
frank,  freendly,  and  noble  hart  towards  al  estates  :  which  whither  cum  they  to 
stay  and  take  cheer,  or  straight  to  returne ;  to  see,  or  to  be  seene ;  cum  they  for 
duty  to  her  Majesty,  or  loove  too  hiz  Lordship,  or  for  both  :  cum  they  early  or 
late  :  for  his  Lordship's  part,  they  cum  allweyz  all  at  too  a  clok,  een  jump  at  too 
a  clok;  that  iz  to  say,  in  good  harte,  good  acceptauns,  in  amitee  and  freendlye 
wellcom  ;  who  saw  els  that  I  saw,  in  right  must  say  az  I  say.     For  so  maney 

1  A  word  probably  coined  by  Laneham  to  express  duality,  or  the  quality  of  being  two.  Its  prin- 
cipal derivation  is  evidently  from  the  Latin  binus,  two. 

2  Bice  is  a  pale  blue  colour  prepared  from  the  Armenian  stone,  formerly  brought  from  Armenia, 
but  now  from  the  silver  mines  of  Germany ;  in  consequence  of  which  smalt  is  sometimes  finely 
levigated,  and  called  bice.  The  dials  alluded  to  in  the  text  were  enamelled,  and  with  the  sun's  reflec- 
tion the  gold  figures,  heightened  by  the  azure  ground,  must  have  had  a  most  splendid  appearance. — 
The  marks  occasioned  by  fastening  up  these  Dials  are  very  distinct  and  obvious  at  the  present  day. 


THE    GIUEEN    AT   KILLINGYVORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  479 

things  byside,  Master  Humphrey,. wear  heerin  so  consonant  unto  my  construction, 
that  this  poynting  of  the  clok  (to  myself)  I  took  in  amitee,  as  an  oracle  certain. 
And  heer  iz  my  wyndlesse,  like  yoor  coorse  az  pleaz  ye. 

But  noow,  Syr,  cum  to  eend.  For  receyving  of  her  Highnes,  and  entertain- 
ment of  all  thoother  estatez.  Syns  of  delicatez  that  oney  wey  moought  serve  or 
delight ;  az  of  wyne,  spice,  deynty  viaunds,  plate,  muzik,  ornaments  of  hoous, 
rich  arras,  and  sylk  (too  say  nothing  of  the  meaner  thinges),  the  mass  by  provizion 
waz  heaped  so  hoouge,  which  the  boounty  in  spending  did  after  bewray.  The 
conceit  so  deep  in  casting  the  plat  at  first  ;  such  a  wizdom  and  cunning  in  acquir- 
ing things  so  rich,  so  rare,  and  in  such  abundauns  ;  by  so  immens  and  profuse  a 
charge  of  expens,  whiche,  by  so  honorabl  servis,  and  exquisit  order,  curteizy  of 
officerz,  and  humanitee  of  al,  wear  after  so  bountifully  bestoed  and  spent;  what 
may  this  express,  what  may  this  set  oout  untoo  us,  but  only  a  magnifyk  minde,  a 
singuler  wizdoom,  a  prinsly  purs,  and  an  heroical  hart  ?  If  it  wear  my  theam, 
Master  Martyn,  too  speake  of  hiz  Lordship's  great  honor  and  magnificens,  though 
it  be  not  in  mee  to  say  sufficiently,  az  bad  a  pen-clark  az  I  am,  yet  coold  I  say  a 
great  deel  more. 

But  being  heer  now  in  magnificens,  and  matterz  of  greatnes,  it  fals  wel  too 
mynd  the  greatnes  of  his  Honor's  tent,  that  for  her  Majestyez  dining  waz  pighte 
at  Long  Ichington1,  the  day  her  Highnes  cam  to  Killingworth  Castl.  A  taber- 
nacl  indeed  for  number  and  shift  of  large  and  goodlye  roomz,  for  fayr  and  eazy 
offices  both  inward  and  ooutward,  allso  likesum  in  order  and  eysight  :  that  justly 
for  dignitee  may  be  comparabl  with  a  beautifull  pallais ;  and  for  greatnes  and 
quantitee,  with  a  proper  Tooun,  or  rather  a  citadell.  But  to  be  short,  leaste  I  keep 
yoo  too  long  from  the  Royall  Exchaunge  noow,  and  too  cauz  yoo  concevve 
mooche  matter  in  feawest  woordes.  The  iron  bedsted  of  Og  the  King  of  Basan  2 
(ye  wot)  waz  foour  yards  and  a  half  long,  and  too  yards  wide,  whearby  ye  consider 
a  Gyaunt  of  a  great  proportion  waz  he.  This  tent  had  seaven  carte  lode  of  pynz 
perteining  too  it.     Noow  for  the  greatness,  gess  az  ye  can. 

And  great  az  it  waz  (to  marshall  oour  matters  of  greatnes  togither),  not  forgett- 
ing a  weather  at  Grafton,  brought  too  the  Coort,  that  for  body  and  wooll  waz 
exceeding  great;  the  meazure  I  tooke  not.  Let  me  sheaw  you  with  what  °reat 
marveyl  a  great  chyld  of  Leycetershire,  at  this  Long  Icchington,  by  the  parents 
waz  prezented  ;  great  (I  say)  of  limz  and  proportion,  of  a  foour  foot  and  four 

'  See  before,,  p.  419.  «  Deuteronomy,  chap.  iii.  verse  11. 


48o 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    XILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


inches  hy;  and  els  lanuginoous  1  as  a  lad  of  eyghteen  yeerz,  being  indeede  avowcl 
too  be  but  six  yeer  olid  ;  nothing  more  bewraying  hiz  age,  then  his  wit :  that  was, 
az  for  thooz  yeers,  simple  and  childish'. 

Az  for  unto  hiz  Lordship,  having  with  such  greatnes  of  honorabl  modesty  and 
benignitte  so  passed  foorth,  as  Laitdem  sine  inv'tdia  et  amicos  parit2.  By  great- 
nesse  of  well-dooing,  woon  with  all  sorts  to  bee  in  such  reverens  az  De  quo  mentiri 
Jama  veretur3.  In  synceritee  of  freendship  so  great,  az  no  man  more  devooutly 
woorships  Mud  amicitice  sanctum  et  venerabile  nomen4.  So  great  in  liberalise, 
az  hath  no  wey  to  heap  up  the  mass  of  his  trezure,  but  only  by  liberal  gyving  and 
boonteoous  bestowing  his  trezure:  folloing  (az  it  seemez)  that  saw  5  of  Martial6, 
that  sayth, 

Extra  fortunam  est,  quicquid  donatur  amicis  ; 
Quas  dederis,  solas  semper  habebis  opes. 

Oout  of  all  hazered  doest  thou  set  that  to  thy  freends  thou  givest  : 
A  surer  trezure  canst  thou  not  have  ever  whyle  thoou  lyvest. 

What  may  theez  greatnesses  bode,  but  only  az  great  honor,  fame,  and  renooun  for 
theez  parts  heer  awey,  az  ever  waz  untoo  thoz  two  nobl  Greatz;  the  Macedonian 
Alexander  in  Emathia  or  Grees,  or  to  Romane  Charles  in  Gemanye  or'  Italy  ? 
which,  wear  it  in  me  ony  wey  to  set  oout,  no  man  of  all  men,  by  God,  MasteF 
Martin,  had  ever  more  cauz,  and  that  hereby  consider  yoo. 

It  pleazed  his  Honor  to  beare  me  good  wil  at  fyrst,  and  so  to  continu.  To  have 
given  me  apparail  eeven  from  hiz  bak,  to  get  me  allowauns  in  the  stabl,  to  advauns 
me  untoo  this  woorshipful  office  so  neer  the  most  honorabl  Councell,  to  help  me  in 
my  licens  of  beans  (though  indeed  I  do  not  so  much  uze  it,  for  I  thank  God  I  need 
not,  to  permit  my  good  Father  to  serve  the  stable.  Whearby  I  go  noow  in  my  sylks, 
that  else  might  ruffl  in  my  cut  canves ;  I  ryde  now  a  hors  bak,  that  els  many  timez 
mighte  mannage  it  a  foot;  am  knoen  to  their  honors,  and  taken  foorth  with  the 
best;  that  els  might  be  bidden  to  stand  bak  myself.  My  good  Father  a  good 
releef,  that  hee  farez  mooch  the  better  by,  and  none  of  theez  for  my  dezert,  eyther 
at  fyrst  or  sins,  God  he  knoez.  What  say  ye,  my  good  freend  Humfrey,  shoold  I 
not  for  ever  honor,  extol  him  all  the  weyz  I  can?    Yes,  by  your  leave,  while  God 

1  An  adjective  derived  from  the  Latin  lanuginoms,  downy,  covered  with  soft  hair. 

2  Terentius,  Andr.  T.  i.  30.  J  Bias.  4  Ovid. 

5  Another  copy  reads  "  the  law  of  Martial."  *  Lib.  V.  Epig.  xliii. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    1.575-  48 1 

lends  me  poour  to  utter  my  minde.     And,  having  az  good  cauz  of  his  honor,  az 
Virgil  had  of  Augustus  Cezar,  will  I  poet  it  a  littl  with  Virgil  *,  and  say, 

"  Namque  erit  Me  mihi  semper  Deus,  illius  arain 
Saepe  tener  nostris  ab  ovilibus  imbuet  agnus." 

For  he  shall  be  a  God  to  me,  'till  death  my  life  consumez, 
His  Auters  will  I  sacrifice  with  incens  and  parfumez. 

A  singular  patron  of  humanittee  may  he  be  well  unto  us  toward  all  degreez  :  of 
honor,  toward  hy  estates ;  and  cheeflye  whearby  we  may  learne  in  what  dignitee, 
worship,  an  reverens  her  Highnes  is  to  be  esteemed,  honored,  and  received,  that 
waz  never  indeed  more  condignly  doon  then  heer  ;  so  as  neither  by  the  bylders  at 
first,  nor  by  the  Edict2  of  pacification  after3,  was  ever  Kenelworth  more  nobled, 
then  by  biz  Lordship's  receiving  hir  Highnes  heer  now. 

But  Jesu,  Jesu,  whither  am  I  drawen  noow?  But  talk  I  of  my  Lord  onz,  een 
thus  it  farez  with  me :  I  forget  al  my  freends,  and  myself  too.  And  yet  yoo, 
being  a  Mercer,  a  Merchant,  az  I  am  ;  my  cuntreeman  born,  and  my  good  freend 
withall,  whearby  I  kno  ye  ar  compassiond  with  me ;  methought  it  my  part  sum- 
what  to  empart  unto  yoo  hoow  it  iz  here  with  me,  and  hoow  1  lead  my  life,  which 
indeed  iz  this. 

A  mornings  I  rise  ordinarily  at  seaven  a  clok.  Then  reddy,  I  go  into  the 
Chappell;  soon  after  eyght,  I  get  me  commonly  intoo  my  Lord's  chamber,  or 
into  my  Lord's  prezidents.  Thearat  the  cupboord  after  I  have  eaten  the  manchet 
served  over  night  for  livery  (for  I  dare  be  az  bolld,  I  promis  yoo,  as  any  of  my 
freends  the  servaunts  thear ;  and  indeed  coold  I  have  fresh,  if  I  woold  tarry ;  but 
I  am  of  woont  jolly  and  dry  a  mornings).  I  drink  me  up  a  good  bol  of  ale  ; 
when  in  a  sweet  pot  it  iz  defecated  4  by  al  night's  standing,  the  drink  iz  the  better, 
take  that  of  me;  and  a  morsell  in  a  morning,  with  a  sound  draught,  is  very  noi- 
some and  good  for  the  ey-sight.  Then  I  am  az  fresh  all  the  forenoon  after,  az  had 
1  eaten  a  hole  pees  of  beef.  Noow,  Syr,  if  the  Councell  sit,  I  am  at  hand;  wait 
at  an  inch,  I  warrant  yoo.  If  any  make  babling,  "  Peas,"  say  I,  "  whoot  ye 
whear  ye  ar  ?"     If  I  take  a  lystenar,  or  a  priar  in  at  the  chinks  or  at  the  lok-hole, 

1  Eclog.  I.  7. 

1  This  alludes  to  the  famous  Dictum  de  Kenelworth,  of  which  an  account  has  been  given  in    the 
History  of  the  Castle.  »  1266,  an.  50  Hen.  III. 

4  A  participle  formed  of  the  Latin  verb  defeeco,  to  purify  licmors  from  their  lees  and  foulness. 

vol.  i.  3  a 


482  THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    1575- 

I  am  by  and  by  in  the  bones  of  him.  But  now  they  keep  good  order,  they  kno 
me  well  inough.  If  a  be  a  freend,  or  such  a  one  az  I  lyke,  I  make  hym  sit  dooun 
by  me  on  a  foorm  or  a  cheast ;  let  the  rest  walk,  a  God's  name. 

And  heer  doth  my  langagez  now  and  than  stond  me  in  good  sted  ;  my  French, 
my  Spanish,  my  Dutch,  and  my  Latten.  Sumtime  amoong  Ambassadour's  men, 
if  their  master  be  within  the  Councel ;  sumtime  with  the  Ambassadour  himself, 
if  hee  bid  call  his  lacky,  or  ask  me  what's  a  clok  ;  and  I  warrant  ye  I  aunswer  him 
roundly;  that  they  marvel  to  see  such  a  fellow  thear ;  then  laugh  I,  and  say 
nothing.  Dinner  and  supper  I  have  twenty  placez  to  go  to,  and  hartly  prayd  to. 
Sumtime  get  I  to  Master  Pinner ;  by  my  faith,  a  worshipfull  Gentleman,  and  az 
carefull  for  hiz  charge  az  ony  hir  Highnes  hath  ;  thear  find  I  alway  good  store  of 
very  good  viaunds  ;  we  eat,  and  bee  merry,  thank  God  and  the  Queene.  Himself 
in  feeding  very  temperat  and  moderat  az  ye  shall  see  ony  ;  and  yet,  by  your  leave, 
of  a  dish,  az  a  colld  pigeon  or  so,  that  hath  cum  to  him  at  meat  more  than  he 
lookt  for,  I  have  seen  him  een  so  by  and  by  surfit,  as  he  hath  pluct  off  hiz  napkin, 
wyept  his  knife,  and  eat  not  a  morsell  more ;  lyke  ynoough  to  stick  in  hiz 
stomake  a  too  days  after.  (Sum  hard  message  from  the  higher  Officers  ;  per- 
ceive ye  me  r)     Upon  search,  hiz  faithfull  dealing  and  diligens  hath  found  him 

faultles. 

In   afternoons  and  a  nights,    sumtime  am   I  with  the  right  woorshipfull  Sir 

George  Howard,  az  good  a  Gentleman  as  ony  livez  :  And  sumtime,  at  my  good 

Lady  Sidneis  chamber,  a  Noblwooman  that  I  am  az  mooch  boound  untoo,  as  ony 

poore  man  may  bee  unto  so  gracyous  a  Lady  ;  and  sumtime  in  sum  oother  place. 

But  alwayez  among  the  Gentlewemen  by  my  good  will ;  (O,  yee  kno  that  cumz 

alweyez  of  a  gentle  spirite) :  And  when  I  see  cumpany  according,  than  can  I  bee 

az  lyvely  too  :  Sumtyme  I  foote  it  with  dauncing  :  noow  with  my  gittern,  and  els 

with  my  cittern  !,  then  at  the  virgynalz2:  Ye  kno  nothing  cums  amisse  to  mee : 

Then  carroll  I  up  a  song  withall ;  that  by  and  by  they  com  flocking  about  me  lyke 

beez  to  hunny :   And  ever  they  cry,  "  Anoother,  good  Langham,  anoother !"  Shall 

1  These  instruments,  if  not  the  same,  were  at  least  closely  resembling  each  other.  The  words 
are  a  corruption  from  the  Spanish  citara,  a  guitar ;  or  citron,  a  guitar-maker.  Citterns  were  a 
species  of  that  extensive  class  of  musical  instruments  of  the  guitar  form,  known  in  the  best  era 
of  music  in  England,  which  went  under  the  names  of  the  Lute  Ompharion,  Bambora,  &c.  some 
of  which  had  notes  to  9. — See  "  A  Pathway  of  Musick,"  obi.  Svo. 

*  The  virginals  was  a  keyed  instrument  of  one  string  to  each  note  like  a  spinet,  but  in  shape  re- 
sembling a  small  piano-forte. 


THE    Q.UEEN    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,    1575-  483 

1  tell  voo?  when  I  see  Misterz (A,  see  a  raadde  Knave;   I  had  almost  tollde 

all) !  that  she  gyvez  onz  but  an  ey  or  an  ear ;  why  then,  man,  am  I  blest ;  my 
grace,  my  corage,  my  cunning  iz  doobled :  She  sayz,  sumtime,  "She  likes  it;" 
and  then  I  like  it  mooch  the  better;  it  dooth  me  good  to  heer  hoow  well  I  can 
doo.  And  to  say  truth  ;  what  with  myne  eyz,  az  I  can  amorously  gloit  it,  with 
my  Spanish  sospires1,  my  French  heighes,  myne  Italian  dulcets,  my  Dutch  hovez, 
my  doobl  releas,  my  hy-reaches,  my  fine  feyning,  my  deep  diapason,  my  wanton 
warblz,  my  running,  my  tyming,  my  tuning,  and  my  twynkling,  I  can  gracify 
the  matters  az  well  as  the  proudest  of  them,  and  waz  yet  never  staynd,  I  thank' 
God:  By  my  troth,  Cuntreman,  it  iz  sumtim  hy  midnight  ear  I  can  get  from 
them.  And  thus  have  I  told  ye  most  of  my  trade,  al  the  leeve  long  daye :  what 
will  ye  more,  God  save  the  Queene,  and  my  Lord.     I  am  well,  I  thank  you. 

Heerwith  ment  I  fully  to  bid  ye  farewell,  had  not  this  doubt  cum  to  my  minde, 
that  heer  remainz  a  doubt  in  voo,  which  I  ought  (methought)  in  any  wyze  to  cleer. 
Which  iz,  ye  marvel  perchauns  to  see  me  so  bookish.  Let  me  tell  yoo,  in  few 
words  :  I  went  to  scholl,  forsooth,  both  at  Pollez,  and  allso  at  Saint  Antoniez  :  In 
the  fifth  foorm,  past  Esop  Fabls,  I  wys,  red  Terens2,  Vos  istcec  intro  auferte, 
and  began  with  my  Virgill3,  Tytire  tu  patulce.  I  coold  my  rulez,  coold  conster 
and  pars  with  the  best  of  them  :  syns  that,  az  partly  ye  kno,  have  I  traded  the 
feat  of  marchaundize  in  sundry  cuntreyz,  and  so  gat  me  langagez:  which  do  so 
little  hinder  my  Latten,  az  (I  thank  God)  have  mooch  encreast  it.  I  have  leizure 
sumtime,  when  I  tend  not  upon  the  Coounsell,  whearby,  now  look  I  on  one  book, 
noow  on  another.  Stories  I  delight  in  :  the  more  auncient  and  rare,  the  more 
like-sum  unto  me:  If  I  tolld  ye,  I  lyked  William  a  Malmsbury  so  well,  bicauz 
of  his  diligenz  and  antiquitee,  perchauns  ye  woold  conster  it  bicauz  I  love 
Mamzey  so  well :  But  ifaith  it  iz  not  so:  for  sipt  I  no  more  sak  and  suger  (and 
yet  never  but  with  company)  then  I  do  Malmzey,  I  shoold  not  blush  so  mooch 
a  dayz  az  I  doo  :  ye  kno  my  minde. 

Well  noow,  thus  fare  ye  hartily  well  yfeith :  If  with  wishing  it  coold  have  bin, 
ye  had  a  buk  or  two  this  somer ;  but  we  shal  cum  neerer  shortly,  and  then  shal 
we  merelcy  meet,  and  grace  a  God.     In  the  mean  time,  commend  me,  I  besek 

1  Laneham  gives  in  this  passage  a  specimen  of  making  love  in  the  various  languages  in  which  he 
was  skilled.  Suspiro,  in  the  Spanish  tongue,  signifies  a  very  deep  sigh  j  He,  in  the  French,  expresses 
the  emotions  of  the  soul  in  love;  Dnlce,  in  Italian,  means  dear  or  beloved  ;  and  in  Dutch,  Hnofshxed 
is  the  word  for  courtship.  *  Andr.  1.  i.  1.  *  Eel.  [.  i. 


484  THE    aUEEN    AT   KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

yo,    unto    my  good    freends,   almost    most   of    thern    yoor    neighbors :    Master 
Alderman  Pullison1,  a  special  freende  of  mine:  And  in  ony  wise  too  my  good 

old  freend  Master  Smith,  custumer,  by  that  same  token, "  Set  my  hors  up 

too  the  rak,  and  then  let's  have  a  cup  of   sak."      He  knoez  the   token  well 

ynough,  and  wil  laugh,  I  hold  ye  a  grote.     Too  Master  Thorogood :  and  to  my 

mery  companion  (a  Mercer,  ye  wot,  az  we  be)   Master  Denham,  mio  fratello  in 

Christo  :  He  iz  woont  to  summon  me  by  the  name  of  "  Ro.  La.  of  the  Coounty 

of  Nosingham,  Gentlman:"  A  good  companion,  I  feyth.    Well,onez  again,  fareye 

hartely  well.   From  the  Coourt;  at  theCitee  of  Worceter,  the  xx  of  August,  1575. 

Yor  cuntreeman,  companion,  and    freend  assuredly :    Mercer,  Merchaunt-r 

adventurer,   and  Clark  of   the  Counsel  Chamber-doore,  and  also  Keeper 

of  the  same :    El  Prencipe  Negro,  par  me  R.  L. 2  Gent.  Mercer. 


De  Majestate  Regia. 
Benigno. 

Cedant  arma  togae,  concedat  laurea  linguae, 

Jactanter  Cicero,  at  justius  illud  habe: 
Cedant  arma  togae,  vigil  et  toga  cedit  honori, 

Omnia  concedant  imperioque  suo. 

Deo  Opt.  Max.  Gratis. 

Sir  Thomas  Pullison,  Lord  Mayor  in  1584. 

Laneham,  see  p.  459  ;  Langham,  p.  482.     He  calls  himself  the  Black  Prince,  in  p.  421. 


*#*  In  the  Museum  of  the  late  Mr.  Greene,  of  Litchfield,  was  an  instrument  of 
brass,  by  Humph.  Cole,  1575  (the  time  of  this  Royal  Visit),  consisting  of  a  Noc- 
turnal, a  Table  of  Latitude,  an  Horizontal  and  South  Dial,  a  Marine  Compass, 
and  Perpetual  Almanack.     Round  the  verge, 

"  AS   TIME    AND    HOWRES    PASSITH    AWAY, 
SO    DOTH    THE    LIFE    OF    MAN    DECAY, 
AS    TIME    CAN    BE    REDEEMED    WITH    NO    COSTE, 
BESTOW    IT   WELL,    AND    LET   NO    HOW'R    BE    LOST." 


485 

"  The  Princely  Plea- 
sures at  the  Courte 
at  Kenelwoorth1. 

That  is  to  saye, 
The  Copies  of  all  such  Verses, 
Proses,  or  poetical  inuentions,  and  other 
Deuices  of  Pleasure,  as  were  there  deui- 
sed,  and  presented  by  sundry  Gentle- 
men, before  the  Quene's 
Majestie,  in 
the  yeare  15 75  2. 

1  George  Gascoigne,  Author  of  "  The  Princely  Pleasures,"  was  a  Poet  of  considerable  merit,  as  may 
be  seen  by  his  collected  Works  ;  including  a  transcript  of  a  very  scarce  book,  intituled,  "  A  Remem- 
braunce  of  the  well-employed  life  and  godly  end  of  George  Gascoigne,  esq.  who  deceased  at  Stamford 
in  Lincolnshire  7th  October  1577,  reported  by  George  Whetstone ; "  to  which  a  satisfactory  Life  of 
him  is  prefixed,  in  the  edition  of  English  Poets  by  Johnson  and  Chalmers.  He  accompanied  the 
Queen  in  her  Progress  to  Kenilworth ;  and  wrote  this  Masque  for  her  amusement.  Some  of  the 
verses  were  not  only  written,  but  spoken  by  him  on  that  occasion ;  but  the  whole  of  the  Entertain- 
ment, owing  to  the  unfavourable  weather,  was  not  performed.  Continuing  in  attendance  on  the  Queen, 
we  find  him  at  Woodstock,  amusing  the  Royal  Traveller  with  "  The  Hermit's  Tale,"  which  will  be 
given  in  its  proper  place.  In  an  address  prefixed  to  this  Tale,  he  complains  of  "  his  infirmities;"  and 
died,  as  appears  above,  in  1577. — The  following  Epitaph  on  him  was  written  by  George  Whetstone: 

For  Gaskoygnes  death,  leave  to  mone  or  morne !      But  you  will  say,  by  death  he  only  gaines, 
You  are  deceived  :  alive  the  man  is  stil.  And  now  his  life  would  many  stand  in  stead. 

Alive  ?  O  yea,  and  laugheth  death  to  scorne,  Odainnot,Freend!  (tocounterchaungehispaynes) 

In  that,  that  he  his  fleshly  lyfe  did  kil.  If  now  in  he^n,  he  have  his  earned  meade  . 

For  by  such  death,  two  lyves  he  eaines  for  one  :  v .,    ,.         , 

'  ,  .  ,       .  ^or  °nce  in  earth  his  toyle  was  passing  great, 

His  soule  in  heaven  dooth  live  in  endles  ioye,  A     ,         ,  ,    ,  „    ,,  ,  . 

, .  i,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  And  we  devoured  the  sweet  of  all  his  sweat, 

his  woorthy  woorks  such  fame  in  earth  have  sowne, 

As  sack  nor  wrack  his  name  can  there  destroy.  G.  W. 

Commendatory  Verses  on  Gascoigne's,  Poems  were  also  written  both  by  Whetstone  and  Churchyard  ; 

as  were  the  following  quaint  lines  by  Richard  Smith  : 

Chaucer  by  writing  purchast  fame,  Old  Rochfort  clambe  the  statelie  throne, 

And  Gower  got  a  worthie  name  :  Which  Muses  held  in  Helicone ; 

Sweet  Surrey  suckt  Parnassus'  springs  ;  Then  thither  let  good  Gascoigne  go, 

And  PViatt  wrote  of  wondrous  things.  For  sure  his  verse  deserveth  so. 

9  "  Imprinted  at  London  by  Rychard  Ihones,  and  are  to  be  solde  without  Newgate,  ouer  against 

Saint  Sepulchers  Church,  1576;''  and  here  faithfully  transcribed  from  "The  whoole  Works  of  George 

Gascoigne  Esquyre:  Newlye  compyled  into  one  volume,  that  is  to  say  :  His  Flowers,  Hearbes,  Weedes, 

the  Fruites  of  Warre ;  the  Comedie  called  Supposes,  the  Tragedy  of  Iocasta,  the  Steele  Glasse,  the 


486  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1575- 

"  The  Printer  to  the  Reader. 

"  Being  aduertised  (gentle  Reader)  that  in  this  last  Progresse  hir  Maiestie  was  (by  the 
ryght  noble  Earle  of  Leycester)  honarably  and  triumphantly  receyued  and  entertained  at 
his  Castle  of  Kenelwoorth ;  and  that  sundry  pleasaunt  and  poeticall  inuentions  were 
there  expressed,  aswell  in  verse  as  in  prose.  All  which  haue  beene  sundrie  tymes 
demaunded  for,  aswell  at  my  handes,  as  also  of  other  printers;  for  that  in  deede,  all 
studious  and  well-disposed  yong  Gentlemen  and  others  were  desyrous  to  be  partakers  of 
those  pleasures  by  a  profitable  publication  :  I  thought  meete  to  trye  by  all  meanes 
possible  if  I  might  recover  the  true  copies  of  the  same,  to  gratifye  all  suche  as  had 
requyred  them  at  my  handes,  or  might  hereafter  bee  styrred  with  the  lyke  desire.  And 
in  fine,  I  have  with  much  trauayle  and  paine  obtained  the  very  true  and  perfect  copies 
of  all  that  were  there  presented  and  executed ;  ouer  and  besides,  one  morall  and  gallant 
devyce,  which  neuer  came  to  execution,  although  it  were  often  in  a  readinesse.  And 
these  (being  thus  collected)  I  have  (for  thy  comoditie,  gentle  Reader)  now  published  :  the. 
rather,  because  of  a  report  therof  lately  imprinted,  by  the  name  of  "  The  Pastime  of 
the  Progresse1;"  which  (in  deede)  doth  nothing  touch  the  particularitie  of  euery  com- 
mendable action,  but  generally  reherseth  hir  Majestie's  cheerefull  entertainment  in  all 
places  where  shee  passed  :  togither  with  the  exceeding  ioye  that  her  subiects  had  to  see 
hir:  which  report  made  verye  many  the  more  desirous  to  have  this  perfect  copy:  for  that 
it  plainelye  doth  set  downe  ever}'  thing  as  it  was  in  deede  presented,  at  large:  and  further 
doth  declare  who  was  the  aucthour  and  deviser  of  every  poeme  and  invencion.  So  that 
I  doubt  not  but  it  shall  please  and  satisfy  thee  both  with  reason  and  contentacion  :  in 
full  hope  wherof  I  leave  thee  to  the  reading  of  the  same,  and  promise  to  be  styl 
occupied  in  publishing  such  workes  as  may  be  both  for  thy  pleasure  and  commoditie. 
This  26  of  March,  1576." 


A  briefe  Rehearsall,  or  rather,  a  true  Copie  of  as  much  as  ivas  presented  before 
her  Majestie  at  Kenelworth  during  her  last  aboade  there,  as  followeth  : 
Her  Majestie  came  thether  (as  I  remember)  on  Saturday,  being  the  nienth  of 
July  last  past:  On  which   day  there  met  her  on  the  way,  somewhat  neere  the 
Castl  Sibylla,  who  prophecied  unto  her  Highness  the  prosperous  raigne  that  she 
should  continue,  according  to  the  happy  beginning  of  the  same.      The  order 
thereof  was  this:  Sibylla  being  placed  in  an  arbor  in  the  parke,  neere  the  high- 
way, where  the  Queen's  Majestie  came,  did  step  out,  and  pronounced  as  followeth  : 
All  hayle,  all  hayle,  thrice  happy  Prince;      I  am  Sibylla  she, 
Of  future  chaunce,  and  after  happ,  foreshewing  what  shall  be. 

As  now  the  dewe  of  heavenly  gifts  full  thick  on  you  doth  fall, 

Even  so  shall  Vertue  more  and  more  augment  your  years  withal. 

The  rage  of  Wane,  bound  fast  in  chaines,     shall  never  stirre  ne  move  : 
But  Peace  shall  governe  all  your  daies,     encreasing  subjects  love. 

Complaint  of  Philomene,  the  Story  of  Ferdinando  Ieronimi,  and  the  Pleasure  at  Kenelworth  Castle. 
London,  Imprinted  by  Abel  Ieffes,  dwelling  in  the  Fore-streete,  without  Creeplegate,  neereunto  Grub 
street,  1587-"  4to. — The  first  edition  of  Gascoigne's  Works,  though  without  date,  was  printed  in 
1572.     This  is  ascertained  by  a  prefix  to  the  subsequent  edition  in  1575- 
1  This  "Pastime"  1  have  not  been  able  to  recover. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KILLINGWORTH    CASTLE,   1 575-  487 

You  shall  be  called  the  Prince  of  Peace,  and  peace  shal  be  your  shield, 

So  that  your  eyes  shall  never  see  the  broyls  of  bloody  field. 

If  perfect  peace  then  glad  your  minde,  he  joyes  above  the  rest 

Which  doth  receive  into  his  house  so  good  and  sweet  a  guest. 

And  one  thing  more  I  shall  foretell,  as  by  my  skill  I  know, 

Your  comming  is  rejoyced  at  tenne  thousand  times  and  mo. 

And  whiles  your  Highnes  here  abides,  nothing  shall  rest  unsought, 

That  may  bring  pleasure  to  your  mind,  or  quyet  to  your  thought. 

And  so  passe  foorth  in  peace,  O  Prince  of  high  and  worthy  praise  : 

The  God  that  governs  all  in  all,  encrease  your  happy  dayes ! 
This  device  was  invented,  and  the  verses  also  written,  by  M.  Hunneys,  Master 
of  her  Majesties  Chappell1. 

1  The  first  edition  of  Gascoigne's  Princely  Pleasures  reads  "  Master  of  the  children  in  hir  Majesty's 
chapel.''  jQueen  Elizabeth  retained  on  her  Royal  establishment  four  sets  of  singing-boys ;  which 
belonged  to  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  the  Abbey  of  Westminster,  St.  George's  Chapel  Windsor,  and 
the  Household  Chapel.  For  the  support  and  reinforcement  of  her  musical  bands,  Elizabeth,  like  the 
other  English  Sovereigns,  issued  out  warrants  for  taking  "  up  suche  apt  and  meete  children,  as  are 
fitt  to  be  instructed  and  framed  in  the  Art  and  Science  of  Musicke  and  Singing."  Thomas  Tusser, 
the  well-known  author  of  "  Five  Hundreth  Points  of  Good  Husbandrye,"  was  in  his  youth  a  choir- 
boy of  St.  Paul's.  Nor  is  it  astonishing,  that  although  masses  had  ceased  to  be  performed,  the  (Queen 
should  yet  endeavour  to  preserve  sacred  melody  in  a  high  state  of  perfection  ;  since,  according  to 
Burney,  she  was  herself  greatly  skilled  in  musical  learning.  "  If  her  Majesty,"  says  that  eminent 
author,  "  was  .ever  able  to  execute  any  of  the  pieces  that  are  preserved  in  a  MS.  which  goes  under 
the  name  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Virginal-book,  she  must  have  been  a  very  great  player :  as  some  of 
these  pieces,  which  were  composed  by  Tallis,  Bird,  Giles,  Farnaby,  Dr.  Bull,  and  others,  are  so  difficult 
that  it  would  be  hardly  possible  to  find  a  master  in  Europe  who  would  undertake  to  play  any  of  them 
at  the  end  of  a  month's  practice*."  Burney's  General  History  of  Music,  vol.  III.  p.  15.  But  the 
children  of  the  Chapel  were  also  employed  in  the  theatrical  exhibitions  represented  at  Court,  for  which 
their  musical  education  had  peculiarly  qualified  them.  Kichard  Edwards,  an  eminent  poet  and 
musician  of  the  sixteenth  century,  had  written  two  comedies,  Damon  and  Pythias,  and  Palemon  and 
Arcite,  which,  according  to  Wood,  were  often  acted  before  the  Queen,  both  at  Court  and  at  Oxford. 
With  the  latter  of  these  Elizabeth  was  so  much  delighted,  that  she  promised  Edwards  a  reward,  whichv 
she  subsequently  gave  him  by  making  him  first  Gentleman  of  her  Chapel,  and  in  15G1,  Master  of  the 
Children  on  the  death  of  Richard  Bowyer.  As  the  Queen  was  particularly  attached  to  dramatic 
entertainments,  about  1569  she  formed  the  children  of  the  Royal  Chapel  into  a  company  of  theatrical 
performers,  and  placed  them  under  the  superintendanee  of  Edwards.  Not  long  after  she  formed  a 
second  society  of  players,  under  the  title  of  the  "Children  of  the  Revels,"  and  by  these  two  compa- 
nies all  Liliy's  Plays,  and  many  of  Shakspeare's  and  Jonson's  were  first  performed.     The  latter  of 


*  The  "  Queen's  Skill  in  Music"  has  been  before  noticed  in  p.  «293. 


488  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575- 

Her  Majesty  passing  on  to  the  first  gate,  there  stode,  in  the  leades  and  battle- 

these  authors  has  celebrated  one  of  the  Chapel  Children,  named  Salathiel  Pavy,  who  was  famous  for 
his  performance  of  old  men,  but  who  died  about  1601,  under  the  age  of  thirteen,  in  a  most  beautiful 
epitaph  printed  with  his  epigrams.  As  this  poem  has  a  close  analogy  with  the  present  note,  the 
reader  will  be  gratified  by  the  following  copy  of  it,  only  premising  that  Jonson  might  speak  of  his 
subject  with  greater  fondness,  as  he  acted  in  his  own  Masques  of  "  Cynthia's  Revels,"  and  the 
"  Poetaster." 

An  Epitaph  on  Salathiel  Pavy,  a  Child  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Chapel. 

Weep  with  me  all  you  that  read  And  did  act,  what  now  what  we  moan, 

This  little  story  :  Old  men  so  duly, 

And  know,  for  whom  a  tear  you  ahed  That  the  Parcse  thought  him  one, 

Death's  self  is  sorry :  He  played  so  truly. 

'Twas  a  child  that  so  did  thrive  So,  by  error  to  his  fate 

In  grace  and  feature,  They  all  consented  ; 

As  heaven  and  nature  seem'd  to  strive  But  viewing  him  since,  alas,  too  late  ! 

Which  own'd  the  creature.  They  have  repented ; 

Years  he  number'd  scarce  thirteen  And  have  sought,  to  give  new  birth, 

When  fates  turn'd  cruel,  In  baths  to  steep  him  ; 

Yet  three  fill'd  Zodiacs  had  he  been  But  being  much  too  good  for  earth, 

The  stage's  jewel ;  Heaven  vows  to  keep  him. 

Ben  Jonson's  Works,  by  Gifford,  vol.  viii.  p.  229. 
But,  however  Jonson  might  think  and  write  concerning  young  Pavy,  the  actors  of  the  public 
theatres,  such  as  the  Globe,  and  the  Fortune,  looked  enviously  at  the  Queen's  protected  band  of 
infantile  performers ;  and  the  Puritans  made  their  first  essay  at  the  overthrow  of  the  drama  by 
writing  violently  against  them.  A  pamphlet  which  came  from  this  source  in  1569,  called  "  The 
Children  of  the  Chapel  stript  and  whipt,"  remarks,  that  "  plaies  will  never  be  suppresst,  while  her 
Maiesties  unfledged  minions  flaunt  it  in  silkes  and  sattens.  They  had  as  well  be  at  their  Popish  service 
in  the  devil's  garments."  But  a  certain  number  of  the  Children  of  the  Revels  was  attached  to  each 
of  the  public  theatres  ;  and  these,  though  involved  in  the  denunciations  of  the  Puritans,  were  at  least 
free  from  the  hatred  of  the  actors.  Malone  supposes,  that  it  was  against  the  Choir-boys  of  St.  Paul's  * 
that  Shakspeare  launched  the  following  tirade  in  the  6th  scene  of  the  second  act  of  Hamlet,  where 
Rosencrantz  and  the  Prince  are  conversing  about  the  state  of  dramatic  excellence. 

"  Ros.   There  is,  Sir,  an  aieryf  of  children,  little  eyasses  X  that  cry  out  on  the  top  of  question,  and 

are  most  tyrannically  clapt  for't :  these  are  now  the  fasshion  ;  and  so  be-rattle  the  common  stages 

(so  they  call  them)  that  many  wearing  rapiers  are  afraid  of  goose-quills,  and  dare  scarce  come  thither. 

"Ham.    What,  are  they  children  ?  who  maintains  them  ?  how  are  they  escoted  §  ?  will  they  pursue 

the  quality  no  longer  than  they  can  sing  ?" 

.  At  length,  in  1583-4,  the  Theatre  in  the  Convocation-house  of  St.  Paul's  was  suppressed  ;  in  con- 
sequence, says  Flecknoe,  of  "  people  growing  more  precise,   and  playes  more  licentious."     After 

*  See,  in  p.  307,  a  substantial  token  of  Royal  favour  to  the  Gentlemen  of  the  Queen's  Chapel, 
f  Brood.  +  Nestlings.  §  Paid. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575.  489 

merits  thereof,  sixe  trumpetters  hugelie  advaunced  \,  much  exceeding  the  com- 

this,  both  the  Children  of  the  Chapel,  and  the  Children  of  the  Revels,  went  over  to  the  theatre  in 
Blackfriars,  and  the  Choir-boys  of  St.  Paul's  were  confined  to  perform  in  their  own  school-roorn. 

"  It  is  believed,"  say  the  Editors  of  Kenilworth  Illustrated,  in  a  note  upon  the  very  passage  now 
under  consideration,  "■  that  Queen  Elizabeth  never  attended  a  public  theatre  :"  now,  although  there 
is  probably  no  proof  extant  that  she  did,  yet  the  following  passage  in  one  of  her  licenses,  certainly 
appears  very  like  it.  This  is  extracted  from  a  privilege  which  she  granted  in  1574  to  James  Burbage, 
and  four  other  servants  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  to  exhibit  all  kinds  of  Stage-plays,  during  pleasure, 
in  any  part  of  England,  "  as  well  for  the  recreation  of  our  loving  subjects,  as  for  our  solace  and 
pleasure  when  we  shall  think  good  to  see  them." 

Having  thus  given  some  account  of  the  Children  of  her  Majesty's  Chapel,  it  remains  to  state  a  few 
memoranda  concerning  William  Hunnis,  their  Master,  who  is  mentioned  in  the  text. — All  who  have 
written  of  him  agree  that  he  was  a  Gentleman  of  the  Chapel  Royal  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  VI. 
in  whose  reign,  in  1550,  he  published  "  Certayne  Psalms  chosen  out  of  the  Psalter  of  David,  and 
drawen  furth  into  English  meter,  by  William  Hunnis,  seruant  to  the  Right  Honorable  Sir  Wil- 
liam Harberde,  Knyght,  newly  collected  and  imprinted,"  Svo.  He  continued  in  the  Chapel  under 
Queen  Mary;  and  on  the  15th  of  November,  1566,  he  was  made  Master  of  the  Children  by  Eliza- 
beth, on  the  death  of  Richard  Edwards*,  already  mentioned.  On  February  the  14th,  1568,  probably 
by  the  command  of  the  Queen,  who  often  exerted  her  power  in  a  similar  manner,  he  received  from 
Sir  Gilbert  Dethick,  Garter  King  of  Arms,  the  following  armorial  ensign  for  the  name  of  Hunnis 
of  Middlesex  :  "  Bendy  of  six,  Or  and  Aznre,  a  Unicorn  rampant  Vert,  armed  Argent.  Crest : 
On  a  wreath,  between  two  honeysuckles  proper,  a  Unicorn's  head  couped,  Or,  charged  with  two  bendlets 
Azure."  In  1576  Hunnis  next  appeared  as  an  author  in  the  celebrated  "  Paradise  of  Daynty 
Deuices,"  for  which  he  seems  to  have  written  twelve  poems,  including  those  which  were  printed  in 
the  subsequent  editions.  In  1578,  he  published  his  "  Hyve  full  of  Hunnye,"  in  4to  and  Svo  ;  and  in 
15S5,  his  "  Seven  Sobs  of  a  Sorrowful  Soule  for  Sinne."  This  went  through  five  editions  ;  it  con- 
sisted of  the  Seven  Penitential  Psalms,  and  a  "  Handfull  of  Honisuckles  :"  it  was  last  printed  in 
1621  at  Edinburgh,  l^mo.  As  a  poet,  Mr.  Haslewood,  in  his  admirable  account  of  the  contributors 
to  the  "  Paradise  of  Daynty  Deuices,"  printed  in  the  British  Bibliographer,  vol.  IV.  p.  xiv.  gives  him 
the  following  character  :  "  Some  of  Hunnis's  pieces  are  pretty  at  least;  and  discover  such  a  simplicity 
of  sentiment,  ease  of  language,  and  flow  of  verse,  as  justly  entitle  them  to  commendation."  Warton, 
however,  says  of  him,  "  his  honeysuckles  and  his  honey  are  now  no  longer  delicious."  According  to  the 
cheque-book  of  the  Chapel  Royal,  William  Hunnis  died  on  the  6th  of  June,  1597,  and  was  succeeded 
in  his  office  by  Nathaniel,  afterwards  Dr.  Giles. 

1  This  serves  to  explain  a  passage  in  Laneham's  Letter  which  has  excited  considerable  doubt  ; 
namely,  that  where  he  says,  "  these  trumpeters  being  six  in  number,  were  every  one  eight  feet 
long."  See  before,  p.  430.  It  would  appear  that  these  were  but  figures  constructed  like  all  those 
used  in  ancient  triumphs  and  pageants,  of  hoops,  deal  boards,  pasteboard,  paper,  cloth,  buckram, 

*  Mr.  Haslewood,  in  the  preliminary  notices  of  the  contributors  to  the  "  Paradyse  of  Daynty 
Deuices,"  has  inserted  an  interesting  memoir  of  Richard  Edwards,  who  was  considered  as  its  prin- 
cipal collector,  though  he  had  been  dead  about  ten  years  in  1576,  when  the  first  edition  was  published. 
VOL.  I.  3  R 


490        THE  PRINCELY  PLEASURES  AT  KENELWORTH  CASTLE,  1575. 

raon  stature  of  men  in  this  age,  who  had  likewise  huge  and  monstrous  trumpettes 
counterfetted,  wherein  they  seemed  to  sound :  and  behind  them  were  placed  cer- 
taine  trumpetters,  who  sounded  indeede  at  her  Majestie's  entrie.  And  by  this 
dum  shew  it  was  ment,  that  in  the  daies  and  reigne  of  King  Arthure,  men  were 
of  that  stature;  so  that  the  Castle  of  Kenelworth  should  seeme  still  to  be  kept 
by  Arthur's  heires  and  their  seruants.  And  when  her  Majestie  entred  the  gate, 
there  stood  Hercules  for  Porter,  who  seemed  to  be  amazed  at  such  a  presence 
upon  such  a  sodain,  profFerred  to  stay  them.  And  yet  at  last,  being  overcome  by 
viewe  of  the  rare  beutie  and  princelie  countenance  of  her  Majestie,  yeelded  him- 
selfe  and  his  charge,  presenting  the  keyes  unto  her  Highnesse,  with  these  words :  . 
What  stirre,  what  coyle  is  here  ?  come  back,  holde,  whether  now  ? 
Not  one  so  stout  to  stirre,  what  harrying  !  have  we  here  ? 

My  friends,  a  Porter  I,  no  Poper  here  am  plast : 

By  leave  perhaps,  els  not  while  club  and  limmes  do  last. 

A  garboyle2  this  indeede!  what  yea,  fair  Dames  !  what  yea, 

What  daintie  darling's  here  ?  Oh  God !  a  peereles  Pearle  ! 

No  worldly  wight,  no  doubt ;  some  soveraigne  Goddes  sure  I 

Even  face,  even  hand,  even  eye,  even  other  features  all, 

Yea  beutie,  grace,  and  cheare,  yea  port  and  majestie, 

Shewe  all  some  heavenly  peere,  with  vertues  all  beset, 

Come,  come,  most  perfet  Paragon ;     passe  on  with  joy  and  blisse: 
Most  worthy  welcome  Goddes  guest,  whose  presence  gladdeth  all. 

&c.  which  were  gilded  and  coloured  on  the  outside ;  and  within  this  case  the  real  trumpeter  was 
placed.  An  exhibition,  similar  to  that  mentioned  in  the  text,  is  related  by  Holinshed  to  have  taken 
place  when  Queen  Mary  proceeded  through  London,  before  her  Coronation,  Sept.  30th,  1553.  "  At 
the  upper  end  of  Grace's-street,"  says  that  minute  chronicler,  "  there  was  another  pageant,  made  by 
the  Florentines,  verie  high,  on  the  top  whereof  there  stood  four  pictures,  and  in  the  middest  of  them 
and  most  highest,  there  stood  an  angell  all  in  greene,  with  a  trumpet  in  his  hand :  and  when  the 
trumpetter  (who  stood  secretlie  in  the  pageant)  did  sound  his  trumpet,  the  angell  did  put  his 
trumpet  to  his  mouth,  as  though  it  had  been  the  same  that  had  sounded,  to  the  great  marvelling 
of  many  ignorant  persons.**  Chronicles  of  England,  1586,  fol.  vol.  III.  p.  1091.  Selden,  in  his 
"  Table  Talk,"  when  speaking  of  Judges,  alludes  to  such  figures:  "  We  see,"  says  he,  "  the  pageants 
in  Cheapside,  the  lions,  and  the  elephants,  but  we  do  not  see  the  men  that  carry  them." 

1  This  word  signifies  an  outcry  or  chasing,  and  is  derived  from  the  Norman  French  Haro,  or 
Harron,  which  was  a  hue-and-cry  after  felons  and  malefactors.  See  Phillips,  and  Jacob's  Law 
Dictionary. 

*  Tumult  or  disorder.     See  Phillips. 


THE    PRINCELY   PLEASURES    AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575-  491 

Have  here,  have  here,  both  club  and  keyes ;  myselfe  my  warde  I  yielde  ; 
Even  gates  and  all,  yea  Lord  himselfe,    submitte  and  seeke  your  sheelde. 

These  verses  were  devised  and  pronounced  by  Master  Badger,  of  Oxenforde, 
Maister  of  Arte,  and  Bedle  in  the  same  Universitie. 

When  her  Majesty  was  entred  the  gate,  and  come  into  the  base  court,  there 

came  unto  her  a  Ladie  attended  with  two  Nimphes,  who  came  all  over  the  Poole, 

being  so  conveyed,  that  it  seemed  shee  had  gone  upon  the  water.     This  Ladie 

named  herselfe  the  Ladie  of  the  Lake1,  who  spake  to  her  Highnesse  as  followeth: 

Though  haste  say  on,  let  sute  obtain  some  stay, 

(Most  peerles  Prince,  the  honour  of  your  kinde,) 
While  that  in  short  my  state  I  doe  display, 

And  yeelde  you  thanks  for  that  which  now  I  finde, 
Who  erst  have  wisht  that  death  me  hence  had  fet 2  ; 
If  Gods  not  borne  to  die  had  ought  death  any  det. 

I  am  the  Lady  of  this  pleasant  Lake, 

Who,  since  the  time  of  great  King  Arthure's  reigne, 
That  here  with  royal  Court  abode  did  make, 

Have  led  a  lowring  life  in  restles  paine, 
Till  now,  that  this  your  third  arrival  here  3, 

Doth  cause  me  come  abroad,  and  boldly  thus  appeare. 
For  after  him  such  stormes  this  Castle  shooke, 

By  swarming  Saxons  first  who  scourgde  this  land, 
As  foorth  of  this  my  Poole  I  neer  durst  looke. 

Though  Kenelme  King  of  Merce  did  take  in  hand 
(As  sorrowing  to  see  it  in  deface) 

To  reare  these  ruines  up,  and  fortifie  this  place. 

For  straight  by  Danes  and  Normans  all  this  He 

Was  sore  distrest,  and  conquered  at  last ; 
Whose  force  this  Castle  felt,  and  I  therewhile 

Did  hide  my  head ;  and  though  it  straightway  past 

1  See  note  on  Laneham's  Letter,  p.  431. 

*  The  preterite  and  participle  past  of  the  ancient  verb  active  to  Fet  ;  viz.  to  fetch,  to  go  and  bring. 
This  word  is  evidently  taken  from  the  Saxon  Fettan,  jretian,  or  jretnjian,  which  are  all  of  the  same 
signification  as  the  former.     See  Bailey,  Somner. 

1  Of  the  Queen's  two  former  Visits,  in  1565  and  1572,  see  before,  pp.  197,  318. 


492  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

Unto  Lord  Sentloe's  hands,  I  stode  at  bay, 

And  never  shewed  myselfe,  but  stil  in  keepe  I  lay. 

The  Earle  Sir  Moumford's  force  gave  me  no  hart, 
Sir  Edmund  Crouchbacke's  state,  the  Prince's  sonne, 

Could  not  cause  me  out  of  my  Lake  to  part, 
Nor  Roger  Mortimers  ruffe,  who  first  begun 

(As  Arthur's  heire)  to  keepe  the  table  round, 

Could  not  comfort  once  my  hart,  or  cause  me  come  on  ground. 

Nor  anv  owner  els,  not  he  that's  now, 

(Such  feare  I  felt  againe  some  force  to  feele) 
Tyl  now  the  Gods  doe  seeme  themselves  t'allow 

My  comming  foorth,  which  at  this  time  reveale 
By  number  due,  that  your  thrice  comming  here 

Doth  bode  thrise  happy  hope,  and  voides  the  place '  from  feare. 

Wherefore  I  wil  attend  while  you  lodge  here, 
(Most  peereles  Queene)  to  Court  to  make  resort ; 

And  as  my  love  to  Arthure  dyd  appeere, 
So  shal't  to  you  in  earnest  and  in  sport. 

Passe  on,  Madame,  you  need  no  longer  stand ; 

The  Lake,  the  Lodge,  the  Lord,  are  yours  for  to  command. 

These  verses  were  devised  and  penned  by  M.  Ferrers,  sometime  Lord  of  Mis- 
rule in  the  Court. 

Her  Majesty,  proceeding  towards  the  inward  Court,  passed  on  a  bridge,  the 
which  was  ray  led  in  on  both  sides.  And  in  the  toppes  of  the  postes  thereof  were 
set  sundrie  presents,  and  giftes  of  provision  :  As  wine,  corne,  fruites,  fishes, 
fowles,  instrements  of  musike,  and  weapons  for  martial  defence.  All  which  were 
expounded  by  an  Actor,  clad  like  a  Poet,  who  pronounced  these  verses  in  Latine : 

1  An  old  English  verb  active,  originally  derived  from  the  French  Vider,  to  empty  or  leave  vacant. 
It  was  frequently  used  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeeth  centuries.  Sbakspeare,  in  his  Henry  V. 
act.  v.  scene  vii.  makes  the  King  say, 

"  Ride  thou  unto  the  .horsemen  on  yon  hill ; 
If  they  will  fight  with  us,  bid  them  come  down, 
Or  void  the  field  >  they  do  offend  our  sight." 


THE    PRINCELY   PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  4^3 

Jupiter  e  summi  dum  vertice  cernit  Olympi, 

Hunc  princeps  regina  tuos  te  tendere  gressus: 

Scilicet  eximiae  succensus  imagine  formae, 

Et  memor  antiqui  qui  semper  ferverat  ignis, 

Siccine  Caelicolae  pacientur  turpitur  (inquit) 

Muneris  exortem  reginam  hoc  visere  castrum, 

Quod  tam  lseta  subit  ?  Reliqui  sensere  Tonantis : 

Imperium  Superi  pro  se  dat  quisque  libenter, 

Musiculas  Sylvanus  aves ;  Pomanaque  poma, 

Fruges  alma  Ceres  rorantia  vina  Lyaeus : 

Neptunus  pisces,  tela  et  tutantia  Mavors, 

Haec  (regina  potens)  Superi  dat  munera  Divi : 

Ipse  loci  Dominus  dat  se  Castrumque  Kenelmi. 
These  verses  were  devised  by  Master  Muncaster  l,  and  other  verses  to  the  very 
self  same  effect  were  devised  by  M.  Paten,  and  fixed  over  the  gate  in  a  frame.  I 
am  not  very  sure  whether  these,  or  Master  Paten's,  were  pronounced  by  the 
Author ;  but  they  were  all  to  one  effect.  This  speech  being  ended,  she  was  re- 
ceived into  the  inner  Court  with  sweet  musicke.  And  so  alighting  from  her 
horse,  the  drummes,  fifes,  and  trumpets  sounded  :  wherewith  she  mounted  the 
stay  res,  and  went  to  her  lodging. 

1  From  Fuller's  Worthies  of  England,  edit.  1662,  part  III.  p.  139.  Wood's  Athene  Oxonienses, 
vol.  I.  p.  369,  and  Wilson's  Memorabilia  Cantabrigice,  p.  112,  a  few  particulars  may  be  gained  of  the 
life  of  this  eminent  scholar,  Dr.  Richard  Mulcaster.  He  was  the  son  of  William  Mulcaster ;  was 
born  at  Carlisle,  and  was  descended  from  an  ancient  family  in  Cumberland,  which  had  been 
employed  by  King  William  I.  to  defend  the  border  provinces  of  England  from  the  depredations  of 
the  Scots.  After  having  received  his  education  on  the  foundation  at  Eton,  in  1548,  he  was  elected 
to  King's  College,  Cambridge ;  but  after  taking  one  degree,  he  removed  to  Christ-Church,  Oxford,  to 
which  he  was  elected  in  1555.  In  December,  1556,  he  assumed  his  Bachelor's  degree,  and  became 
so  eminent  for  his  Greek  learning,  that  in  1561,  he  was  made  the  first  Master  of  the  Merchant-Tay- 
lors' School,  then  recently  founded.  After  passing  upwards  of  twenty-five  years  in  this  situation,  in 
1596,  he  resigned  it,  and  was  made  Head-master  of  St.  Paul's,  where  he  continued  for  twelve  years 
more  ;  and  then,  on  the  death  of  his  wife,  he  retired  to  the  Rectory  of  Stamford-Rivers,  in  Essex, 
which  was  given  him  by  Queen  Elizabeth.  He  was  also,  in  1594,  made  a  Prebendary  of  Salisbury,  and 
was  sometimes  employed  by  the  Queen  in  dramatic  productions,  since  his  name  appears  for  two  pay- 
ments in  the  Council-Register.  On  April  15th,  1611,  Mulcaster  died  at  his  Rectory,  and  was  buried, 
in  his  own  church,  by  the  side  of  his  wife.  The  works  of  Dr.  Mulcaster  were,  "  Positions,"  a  book 
on  the  training  up  of  children,  1581,  4to;  "  Elementarie,"  a  volume  on  the  English  language,  1582. 
4to;  and  a  Catechism  for  St.  Paul's  School,  in  Latin  verse,  1599,  8vo. 


494  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575- 

On  the  next  day  (being  Sunday)  there  was  nothing  done  until  the  evening, 
at  which  time  there  were  fire- works  shewed  upon  the  water,  the  which  were  both 
strange  and  well  executed ;  as  sometimes,  passing  under  the  water  a  long  space, 
when  all  men  had  thought  they  had  been  quenched,  they  would  rise  and  mount 
out  of  the  water  againe,  and  burn  very  furiously  untill  they  were  utterly  consumed. 

Now  to  make  some  playner  declaration  and  rehersall  of  all  these  things  before 
her  Majestie,  on  the  x  of  Julie,  there  met  her  in  the  Forest,  as  she  came  from 
hunting,  one  clad  like  a  Savage  man,  all  in  ivie,  who  seeming  to  woonder  at  such 
a  presence,  fell  to  quarrelling  with  Jupiter,  as  followeth : 

O  thundring  Jupiter,  which  swayest  the  heavenly  sword : 

At  whose  command  all  Gods  must  crouch,  and  knowledge  thee  their  Lord. 

Since  I  (O  wretch  therewhiles)  am  here  by  thy  decree, 

Ordeyned  thus  in  savage  wise  for  ever  more  to  be  ; 

Since,  for  some  cause  unknowen  but  only  to  thy  wil, 

I  may  not  come  in  stately  Court,  but  feed  in  forrestes  still ; 

Vouchsafe  yet,  greatest  God,  that  I  the  cause  may  know, 

Why  all  these  worthy  Lordes  and  Peeres  are  here  assembled  so  ? 

Thou  knowest  (O  mighty  God)  no  man  can  be  so  base, 

But  needs  must  mount,  if  once  it  see  a  sparke  of  perfect  grace. 

And  since  I  see  such  sights,  I  mean  such  glorious  Dames, 

As  kindle  might  in  frozen  brestes  a  furnace  full  of  flames, 

I  crave  (great  God)  to  know,  what  all  these  Peers  might  be : 

And  what  has  moved  these  sundry  shewes,  which  I  of  late  did  see  ?, 

Enform  me,  some  good  man;  speake,speake,somecourteousknight; 

They  all  cry  mumme  :  what  shall  I  do  what  sunne  shall  lend  me  light? 

Well,  Eccho,  where  art  thou  ?  could  I  but  Eccho  finde, 

Shee  would  returne  me  answere  yet  by  blast  of  every  winde. 

Ho,  Eccho ;  Eccho,  ho !  where  art  thou,  Eccho,  where  ? 
Why, Eccho  friend,  where  dwellest  thou now?Thou  woont'st  to  harbour  here. 

Eccho  answered. 

Eccho.  Here. 

Then  tell  thou  me  some  newes  j 
For  els  my  heart  would  burst  with  griefe,     of  truth  it  cannot  choose. 

Eccho.  Choose. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


495 


Choose  ?  why  ?  but  thou  me  helpe, 
And  therefore,  even  of  curtesie, 

Eccho. 
I  speake,  yes  that  I  will, 
Then  tell  me  first  what  is  the  cause, 

Eccho. 
Joy  ?  surely  that  is  so, 
But  wherefore  do  they  so  rejoyce  ? 

Eccho. 
Queene  ?  what,  the  Queene  of  Heaven  ? 
No,  sure,  some  Queerie  on  earth, 

Eccho. 
O  then  it  seemes  the  Queene 
Whose  graces  make  the  Gods  to  grudge, 

Eccho. 
And  is  it  she  indeede  ? 
By  every  shew  that  yet  was  seene ; 

Eccho. 
What  meant  the  woman  first, 
Could  she  devine  of  things  to  come, 

Eccho. 
The  same  ?  what  Sibyll  ?  she 
Alas !  what  dyd  that  beldame  there  ? 

Eccho. 
O  then  belike  she  causde 
What  happy  raigne  she  still  should  hold, 

Eccho. 
And  what  ment  those  great  men, 
They  were  some  Gyants  certainly, 

Eccho. 
Have  been  ?  why  then  they  served 
And  ever  since  this  Castle  kept 

Eccho. 


I  say  my  heart  will  breake ; 
I  pray  thee,  Eccho,  speake. 

Speake. 
unlesse  thou  be  too  coye  : 
that  all  the  people  joy  ? 

Joy. 
as  may  full  well  be  seene ; 
is  it  for  King  or  Queene  ? 

Queene. 
They  knew  hir  long  agone ! 
whose  like  was  never  none. 

None, 
of  England  for  to  be : 
methinkes  it  should  be  shee. 

Shee. 
then  tell  me  what  was  ment, 
good  Eccho,  be  content. 

Content, 
which  met  her  as  she  came  ? 
as  Sibelles  use  the  same  ? 

The  same, 
which  used  not  to  lye  ? 
what  dyd  she  prophecie  e 

Prophecie. 
the  worthy  Queen  to  knowe 
since  Heavens  ordeyned  so. 

So. 
which  on  the  walles  were  seene  ? 
no  men  so  bigge  have  been. 

Have  been. 
King  Arthur,  man  of  might; 
for  Arthur's  heyres  by  right. 

Right. 


496 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


Well,  Hercules  stood  bie, 

Or  was  it  eke  some  monstrous  man, 

Eccho. 
A  Porter  r  surely  then, 
Or  else,  to  see  so  many  men, 

Eccho. 
Amased  ?  so  methought ; 


why  came  he  from  his  dorter l  ? 
appoynted  for  a  Porter  ? 

A  Porter, 
he  eyther  was  accrased3, 
his  spirits  were  amased. 

Amased. 
why  did  he  let  them  passe  ; 


And  yeeld  his  keyes  ?  percase  he  knew,     his  Master's  will  so  was. 


Eccho. 
Well,  then  dyd  he  but  well, 
Much  like  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  ; 

Eccho. 
Alas,  and  what  could  she 
I  knewe  her  well :  percase  she  came, 

Eccho. 
So  would  I  her  advise : 
Of  sundry  things  upon  a  bridge  ? 

Eccho. 
Gifts  ?  what  ?  sent  from  the  Gods, 
Or  pleasures  of  provision, 

Eccho. 
And  who  gave  all  these  gifts  ? 
Was  it  not  he  who  (but  of  late) 

Eccho. 
O,  Dudley,  so  methought: 
A  worthy  gift  to  be  received, 

Eccho. 
What  meant  the  fierie  flames, 
Can  no  colde  answers  quench  desire  ? 

Eccho.  „ 


So  was. 
yet  sawe  I  yet  a  dame, 
perchaunce  so  was  her  name. 

Her  name, 
(poor  dame  distrest)  deserve  ? 
this  worthy  Queen  to  serve. 

To  serve, 
but  what  meant  all  these  shifts, 
were  those  rewards  of  gifts  ? 

Gifts, 
as  presents  from  above  ? 
as  tokens  of  true  love  ? 

True  love. 
I  pray  thee  (Eccho)  say ; 
this  building  here  did  lay  ? 

Dudley, 
he  gave  himselfe  and  all, 
and  so  I  trust  it  shall. 

It  shall, 
which  through  the  waves  so  flue  ? 
is  that  experience  true  ? 

True. 


1  A  word  derived  from  the  French  noun,  dortoir,  a  dormitory.  It  originally  signified,  according 
to  Phillips,  "  the  common  room  or  place  where  all  the  Friars  of  one  Convent  sleep  together  and 
lie  all  night." 

*  Crazed,  intellect  impaired.    Accrazer.  Fr. 


THE  PRINCELY  PLEASURES  AT  KENELWORTH  CASTLE,  1575- 


49/ 


Well,  Eccho,  tell  me  yet, 
This  comely  Queen  of  whom  we  talke  ? 
Eccho. 

By  me?  oh,  were  that  true, 
Howe  might  I  knowe  her  from  the  rest, 
Eccho. 

Well  then,  if  so  myne  eyes, 
Methinkes  I  see  among  them  all, 
Eccho. 

Herewith  he  fell  on  his  knees,  and  spake 

O  Queene,  I  must  confesse, 
These  civile  people  so  rejoice, 
Since  I,  which  live  at  large, 
And  have  ronne  out  a  wilfull  race, 
Do  here  submit  my  selfe, 
And  that  you  take  in  worth  my  will, 
Had  I  the  learned  skill, 
My  tale  had  flowed  in  eloquence, 
Had  I  the  bevvties  blase, 
Then  might  I  seeme  a  faulcon  fayre, 
Could  I  but  touch  the  strings, 
I  would  confesse,  that  fortune  then, 
O  Queene  without  compare, 
That  here,  amid  this  wildernesse, 
The  windes  resound  your  worth, 
These  hills,  these  dales,   these  woods, 

these  waves, 
And  we  which  dwell  abroade, 
But  tydings  of  an  English  Queene, 
Yea,  since  I  first  was  borne, 
As  when  I  might  behold  your  face, 
And  death  or  drearie  dole 
As  soon  as  you  shall  once  depart, 

vol.  i.  3  s 


howe  might  I  come  to  see 
oh,  where  she  nowe  by  thee. 

By  thee. 

how  might  I  see  her  face  ? 
or  judge  her  by  her  grace  ? 

Her  grace. 

be  such  as  they  have  been, 
this  same  should  be  the  Queene. 

The  Queene. 

as  followeth  : 

it  is  not  without  cause, 
that  you  should  give  them  lawes. 
a  wilde  and  savage  man, 
since  first  my  lyfe  began, 
beseeching  you  to  serve  ; 
which  can  but  well  deserve, 
which  in  your  head  is  found  ; 
where  now  my  words  are  drown'd. 
which  shines  in  you  so  bright ; 
which  now  am  but  a  kite, 
which  you  so  heavenly  handle  ; 
full  freendly  dyd  me  dandle, 
you  must  not  think  it  strange, 
your  glorie  so  doth  raunge. 
the  rockes  record  your  name ; 

these  fields  pronounce  your  fame. 

can  hear  none  other  newes ; 

whom  Heaven  hath  dect  with  hewes. 

I  never  joyed  so  much  ; 

because  I  see  none  such. 

(I  know)  will  end  my  dayes, 

or  wish  to  go  your  wayes. 


498  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575 

But,  comely  peerlesse  Prince,  since  my  desires  be  great  ; 

Walke  here  sometimes  in  pleasants  hade,  to  fende  the  parching  heate. 

On  Thursday  next  (thinke  I)  here  will  be  pleasant  dames  ; 

Who  bet l  then  I  may  make  you  glee,  with  sundry  gladsome  games. 

Mean  while  (good  Queen)  farewell  ;  the  Gods  your  life  prolong ; 

And  take  in  worth  the  wilde  man's  words,  for  else  you  do  him  wrong. 

Then  he  bad  Eccho  farewell,  thus  : 

Eccho,  likewise,  farewell,  let  me  go  seeke  some  death, 

Since  I  may  see  this  Queene  no  more,        good  greef  nowe  stop  my  breath  ; 

These  verses  were  devised,  penned,  and  pronounced  by  Master  Gascoyne :  and 
that  (as  I  have  heard  credibly  reported)  upon  a  very  great  sudden. 

The  next  thing  that  was  presented  before  her  Majestie,  was  the  deliverie  of  the 
Lady  of  the  Lake  ;  whereof  the  summe  was  this.  Tryton,  in  likenesse  of  a  mer- 
maide,  came  towards  the  Queene's  Majestie  as  she  passed  over  the  bridge,  return- 
ing from  hunting :  and  to  her  declared,  that  Neptune  had  sent  him  to  her  Highnes, 
to  declare  the  woefull  distresse  wherein  the  poore  Ladie  of  the  Lake  did  remaine ; 
the  cause  whereof  was  this.  Sir  Bruse  sauns  pitie,  in  revenge  of  his  cosen  Mer- 
lyne  the  prophet2,  whom  for  his  inordinate  lust  she  had  inclosed  in  a  rocke,  did 
continuallie  pursue  the  Ladie  of  the  Lake;  and  had  (long  sithens)  surprized  her, 
but  that  Neptune,  pitying  her  distresse,  had  envyroned  her  with  waves.  Where- 
upon she  was  enforced  to  live  alwaies  in  that  Poole,  and  was  thereby  called  the 
Lady  of  the  Lake.  Furthermore  affirming,  that  by  Merlynes  prophecie,  it 
seemed  she  coulde  never  be  delivered  but  by  the  presence  of  a  better  maide  than 
herselfe.  Wherefore  Neptune  had  sent  him  right  humbly  to  beseech  her  Majestie, 

1  An  ancient  poetical  contraction,  and  also  the  original  Saxon  word  Bet,  used  for  better.  During 
the  repetition  of  the  five  lines  preceding  the  above,  a  marginal  note,  in  the  first  edition  of  the  Princely 
Pleasures,  states  that  "  the  Queene  saide  the  actor  was  blind,"  in  consequence  of  which,  at  p.  507, 
Audax,  his  son,  comes  to  entreat  her  Majesty  to  restore  his  father  to  sight. 

2  The  original  of  this  story,  as  well  as  the  history  of  the  Lady  of  the  Lake  herself,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  well-known  romance  of  La  Morte  (V Arthur ;  for  the  first  chapter  of  the  fourth  book  is  thus 
entitled  :  "  How  Merlyn  was  assotted  and  dooted  on  one  of  the  Ladies  of  the  Lake,  and  how  he  was 
shytte  in  a  roche,  vnder  a  stone,  and  there  deyed."  The  idea  of  Sir  Bruce's  revenge  seems  to  be 
without  foundation. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  499 

that  she  would  no  more  but  shew  herselfe,  and  it  should  be  sufficient  to  make 
Sir  Bruse  withdrawe  his  forces.  Furthermore  commanding  both  the  waves  to  be 
calme,  and  the  fishes  to  give  their  attendance.  And  this  he  expressed  in  verse  as 
folio weth  : 

The  Speech  of  Tryton  to  the  Queene's  Majestic 

Muse  not  at  all,  most  mightie  Prince,  though  on  this  Lake  you  see 

Me  Triton  floate,  that  in  salt  seas  among  the  Gods  should  be. 

Forlooke,whatNeptunedothcommaund,  of  Triton  is  obeyde  : 

And  now  in  charge  I  am  to  guyde  your  poore  distressed  Mayde  ; 

Who,  when  your  Highnesse  hither  came,  dyd  humbly  yeeld  her  Lake ; 

And  to  attende  upon  your  Court,  did  loyall  promise  make. 

But  parting  hence,  that  yrefull  Knight  Sir  Bruce  had  hyr  in  chase; 

And  sought  by  force  her  virgin's  state  full  fowlie  to  deface. 

Yea,  yet  at  hand  about  these  bankes  his  bands  be  often  seen  ; 

That  neither  can  she  come  nor  scape,  but  by  your  helpe,  o  Queene : 

For  though  that  Neptune  has  so  fenst  with  floods  her  fortresse  long, 

Yet  Mars  her  foe  must  needs  prevaile,  his  batteries  are  so  strong. 

How  then  can  Diane  Juno's  force  and  sharpe  assaults  abyde  ? 

When  all  the  crue  of  cheefest  Gods  is  bent  on  Bruse  his  side. 

Yea,  oracle  and  prophecie,  say  sure  she  cannot  stand  ; 

Except  a  worthier  maid  than  she  her  cause  do  take  in  hand. 

Loe,  here  therefore  a  worthy  worke,  most  fit  for  you  alone  ; 

Her  to  defend  and  set  at  large,  but l  you,  O  Queene,  can  none  : 

And  God's  decree,  and  Neptune  sues  this  graunt,  O  peerles  Prince  ; 

Your  presence  onely  shall  suffice,  her  enemies  to  convince. 

Herewith  Triton  soundeth  his  trompe,  and  spake  to  the  Winds,  Waters,  and 

Fishes,  as  followeth  : 

You  windes,  returne  into  your  caves,  and  silent  there  remaine  ; 

You  waters  wilde,  suppresse  your  waves,  and  keepe  you  calme  and  plaine. 

You  fishes  all,  and  each  thing  else,  that  here  have  any  sway  ; 

I  charge  you  all,  in  Neptune's  name,  you  keepe  you  at  a  stay, 

1  But,  except. 


500  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,    1575. 

Untill  such  time  this  puissant  Prince  Sir  Bruse  hath  put  to  flight ; 

And  that  the  maide  released  be,  by  soveraigne  maiden's  might. 

This  Speach  being  ended,  her  Majestie  proceeded  further  on  the  bridge,  and  the 
Ladie  of  the  Lake  (attended  with  her  two  Nimphes)  came  to  her  upon  heapes  of 
bulrushes,  according  to  this  former  devise  :  and  spake  as  followeth  : 

What  worthy  thankes  might  I  poore  maide  expresse  ? 

Or  thinke  in  heart,  that  is  not  justly  due 
To  thee  (O  Queene)  which  in  my  great  distres, 

Succours  hast  sent,  mine  enemies  to  subdue? 
Not  mine  alone,  but  foe  to  Ladyes  all, 

That  tyrant  Bruce  sans  pitie  whom  we  call. 

Untill  this  day,  the  Lake  was  never  free 

From  his  assaults,  and  other  of  his  knights  ; 
Untill  such  tyme  as  he  did  playnely  see 

Thy  presence  dread,  and  feared  of  all  wyghts. 
Which  made  him  yeeld,  and  all  his  bragging  bands, 

Resigning  all  into  thy  princely  hands. 

For  which  great  grace  of  liberty  obtayned, 

Not  only  I,  but  nymphs  and  sisters  all 
Of  this  large  Lake,  with  humble  heart  unfayned, 

Render  thee  thankes,  and  honour  thee  withall ; 
And,  for  playne  proof  how  much  we  do  rejoyce, 

Expresse  the  same  with  tongue,  with  sound,  and  voice. 

From  thence  her  Majestie  passing  yet  further  on  the  brydge,  Protheus  appeared, 
sitting  on  a  dolphyn's  back.  And  the  dolphyn  was  conveyed  upon  a  boate,  so 
that  the  owers  seemed  to  be  his  fynnes.  Within  the  which  dolphyn  a  consort  of 
musicke  was  secretely  placed,  the  which  sounded  ;  and  Protheus,  clearing  his 
voyce,  sang  this  song  of  congratulation,  as  well  in  the  behalfe  of  the  Lady  dis- 
tressed, as  also  in  the  behalfe  of  all  the  Nimphs  and  Gods  of  the  Sea : 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1,575-  50l 

The  Song  of  Protheus1. 

0  noble  Queene,  give  eare  to  this  my  floating  Muse  ; 
And  let  the  right  of  readie  will                         my  little  skill  excuse. 

For  heardmen  of  the  seas  sing  not  the  sweetest  notes  ; 

The  winds  and  waves  do  roare  and  crie,  where  Phoebus  seldome  floates  : 

Yet,  since  I  doe  my  best,  in  thankful  wise  to  sing ; 
Vouchsafe  (good  Queene)  that  calm  consent,  these  words  to  you  may  bring. 

We  yeeld  you  humble  thanks,  in  mightie  Neptune's  name, 

Both  for  ourselves,  and  therewithall  for  yonder  seemely  dame. 

A  dame  whom  none  but  you  deliver  could  from  thrall : 

Ne  none  but  vou  deliver  us  from  loitring  life  withall. 

She  pined  long  in  paine,  as  overworne  with  woes  ; 

And  we  consumde  in  endless  care,  to  fend  her  from  her  foes. 

Both  which  you  set  at  large,  most  like  a  faithful  freend ; 

Your  noble  name  be  praisde  therefore,  and  so  my  song  I  ende. 

This  song  being  ended,  Protheus  told  the  Queene's  Majestie  a  pleasant  tale  of 
his  deliverie,  and  the  fishes  which  he  had  in  charge.  The  devise  of  the  Ladie  of 
the  Lake  also  was  Master  Hunnes  ;  and  surely,  if  it  had  bene  executed  according 
to  the  first  invention,  it  had  been  a  gallant  shewe;  for  it  was  first  devised,  that 
(two  dayes  before  the  Ladie  of  the  Lake's  deliverie)  a  Captaine  with  twentie  or 
thyrtie  shotte  shoulde  have  bene  sent  from  the  Hearon  House  l  (which  represented 
the  Lady  of  the  Lake's  Castell)  upon  heapes  of  bulrushes  :  and  that  Syr  Bruse, 
shewing  a  great  power  upon  the  land,  should  have  sent  out  as  many  or  moe  shot 
to  surprise  the  sayde  Captayne ;  and  so  they  should  have  skirmished  upon  the 
waters  in  such  sort,  that  no  man  coulde  perceive  but  that  they  went  upon  the 
waves.  At  last  (Syr  Bruse  his  men  being  put  to  flight)  the  Captaine  should  have 
come  to  her  Majestie  at  the  Castell  window,  and  have  declared  more  plainly  the 
distresse  of  his  Mistresse,  and  the  cause  that  she  came  not  to  the  Court,  according 
to  duetie  and   promise,  to  give  hyr  attendance  :  and  that  thereupon  he  should 

1  Proteus  here  assumes  the  character  of  Priori. — See  the  note  in  p.  458. 

1  The  marginal  notes  to  the  first  edition  of  Gascoigne's  Princely  Pleasures,  states  that  "  there  was 
a  Heron  House  in  the  Pool  ;"  the  original  survey  of  the  Manor,  preserved  in  the  Cottonian  Library, 
Tiberius,  E.  viii.  246,  is,  however,  so  damaged  by  fire,  that  this  building  is  never  mentioned. 


502  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,    1575- 

have  besought  hyr  Majestie  to  succour  his  Mistresse,  the  rather  because  Merlin 
had  prophecied  that  she  should  never  be  delivered  but  by  the  presence  of  a  better 
maide  than  herselfe.  This  had  not  onely  bene  a  more  apt  introduction  to  her 
deliverie,  but  also  the  skirmish  by  night  woulde  have  bene  both  very  strange  and 
gallant ;  and  thereupon  her  Majesty  might  have  taken  good  occasion  to  have  gone 
in  barge  upon  the  water,  for  the  better  execution  of  her  deliverie.  The  verses, 
as  I  thinke,  were  penned,  some  by  Master  Hunnes,  some  by  Master  Ferrers,  and 
some  by  Master  Goldingham  l. 

And  now  you  have  as  much  as  I  could  recover  hitherto  of  the  devices  executed 
there;  theCountrie2  shews  excepted,  and  the  merry  marriage,  the  which  were  so 
plaine  as  needeth  no  further  explication.  To  proceede  then  ;  there  was  prepared 
a  shew  to  have  bene  presented  before  her  Majestie  in  the  Forest3 ;  the  argument 
whereof  was  this : 

Dyana,  passing  in  chase  with  her  Nymphs,  taketh  knowledge  of  the  countrie, 
and  thereby  calleth  to  minde  how  (neere  seventeen  yeares  past)  she  lost  in  those 
coastes  one  of  the  best-beloved  Nimphes,  called  Zabeta4.    She  describeth  the  rare 

1  There  was  a  spectacle  presented  to  Queen  Elizabeth  upon  the  water  ;  and  among  others  Harry 
Goldingham  was  to  present  Arion  upon  the  dolphin's  back.     See  before,  p.  458. 

Of  Henry  Goldingham  only  a  very  few  memoranda  are  now  extant :  like  many  scholars  of  his 
time,  he  appears  to  have  been  employed,  both  as  a  writer  and  an  actor  of  pageants,  as  in  the  present 
instance,  when  he  performed  Arion.  A  whole  Masque  of  his  composing  will  be  found  in  "  The 
receiving  of  the  Queene's  Majestie  into  her  Citie  of  Norwich,"  will  be  found  in  the  second  Volume 
of  the  present  Collection,  under  the  year  1578. — There  is  also  in  the  British  Museum  a  Poem  by 
Goldingham,  which,  in  the  Harleian  Catalogue,  edit.  1808,  vol.  III.  p.  447,  is  thus  described: 
"  Numb.  690"2.  A  quarto,  containing  a  Poem  inscribed  to  (Queen  Elizabeth  by  Henry  Goldyngham, 
and  entitled  '  The  Garden  Plot.'  It  is  an  allegorical  Poem,  (118  verses)  with  a  long  introduction, 
(46  verses)  in  stanzas  of  six  lines  ;  and  will  be  further  noticed  under  15/8.  The  copy  of  it  is  prepared 
for  introducing  illuminations,  but  none  are  finished." — In  another  Harleian  Manuscript,  No.  3695, 
which  is  a  collection  of  "  Merry  Passages  and  Jeasts,"  are  two  anecdotes  concerning  Goldingham, 
one  of  which,  relative  to  the  Kenilworth  Pageant,  has  been  already  transcribed  in  p.  458. 

In  the  Romance  of  Kenilworth  this  incident  is  given  to  a  fictitious  but  well-drawn  character  called 
Michael  Lambourne,  see  vol.  III.  p.  79.  Before  closing  this  note,  it  should  be  remarked,  that  in  the 
text  the  name  of  Proteus  is  erroneously  inserted  for  Arion. 

2  Coventrie,  in  the  first  edition.  This  and  "  the  merry  marriage"  are  described  by  Laneham  ;  see 
before,  pp.  444,  445. 

»  See  Laneham's  Letter,  p.  459,  for  the  reason  it  was  omitted. 

«  A  title  formed  from  the  last  three  syllables  of  the  Queen's  name,  when  translated  into  Latin,  viz. 
Elizabeth.    She  is  subsequently  (p.  518)  called  by  several  other  appellations,  as  Ahtebasile,  Completa,  and 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,    1575-  503 

virtues  of  Zabeta.  One  of  her  Nimphes  confirmeth  the  remembrance  thereof, 
and  seemeth  to  doubt  that  dame  Juno  hath  vvonne  Zabeta  to  be  a  follower  of  hers. 
Dyana  confirmeth  the  suspition;  but  yet,  affirming  herselfe  much  in  Zabetaes  con- 
stancie,  giveth  charge  to  her  Nimphes,  that  they  diligently  hearken  and  espie  in  all 
places  to  finde  or  here  newes  of  Zabeta  :   and  so  passeth  on. 

To  entertayne  intervallum  temporis,  a  man  cladde  all  in  mosse  cometh  in 
lamentyng,  and  declaryng  that  he  is  the  wylde  man's  sonne,  which,  not  longbefore, 
had  presented  hymselfe  before  hyr  Majestie  ;  and  that  his  father  (uppon  such 
wordes  as  hyr  Highnesse  dvd  then  use  unto  him)  lay  languishing  like  a  blind  man, 
untill  it  might  please  hyr  Hyghnesse  to  take  the  filme  from  his  eyes. 

The  Nimphes  returne  one  after  another  in  quest  of  Zabeta ;  at  last  Diana  her- 
self, returning  and  hearing  no  newes  of  her,  invoketh  the  helpe  of  her  Father 
Jupiter.  Mercurie  commeth  downe  in  a  cloude,  sent  by  Jupiter,  to  recomfort 
Dyana,  and  bringeth  her  unto  Zabeta.  Diana  rejoiceth,  and  after  much  freendly 
discourse  departeth :  aflfying1  herselfe  in  Zabetaes  prudence  and  pollicie.  She 
and  Mercurie  being  departed,  Iris  commeth  downe  from  the  rainbowe,  sent  by 
Juno  ;  perswading  the  Queene's  Majestie  that  she  be  not  carryed  away  with  Mer- 
curie's  filed2  speeach,  nor  Dyanaes  faire  words  ;  but  that  she  consider  all  things 
by3  proofe,  and  then  she  shall  finde  much  greater  cause  to  followe  Juno  than 
Dyana. 

Complacida.  The  first  of  these  when  divided  thus,  Ah  te  basile,  signifies  Ah  thou  Queen,  taking  the  word 
basile,  for  BxtriWiovi ;  the  second  is  the  feminine  gender  in  the  nominative  case,  of  the  Latin  adjective 
Completus,  accomplished,  complete ;  and  the  third  is  also  a  female  name,  expresssive  of  pleasing  or 
delighting.  It  is  evident,  that  both  the  exhibitions  in  which  these  names  were  used,  were  composed 
to  display  to  Elizabeth  the  national  wish  for  her  marriage  with  Lord  Leicester  ;  who  is  represented  in 
the  latter  under  the  name  of  Deep-desire ;  while  it  is  probable  that  Due-desire*  and  all  the  other  alle- 
gorical characters  were  but  the  types  of  real  personages  at  the  Court.  Dudley  in  this  manner  showed 
his  policy,  by  enforcing  his  own  suit,  and  depreciating  his  rivals,  even  when  the  Queen  had  withdrawn 
from  the  intrigues  of  government,  to  pleasure  and  retirement. 

1  Assuring ;  the  word  is  originally  derived  from  the  French  verb  active  Fier,  to  trust  or  rely  upon. 
Another  edition  reads  affirming. 

*  Smooth,  polished. — Probably  from  the  Saxon  Fylb,  a  folding  or  rolling. 

3  By  the  proofe. — First  edition. 


*  This  character  has  erroneously  been  supposed  to  be  intended  for  Robert  Devereux,  afterwards  the 
unfortunate  Earl  of  Essex  ;  but  that  Nobleman  was,  in  1575,  only  nine  years  old.  His  father  (Walter 
Devereux  the  first  Earl  of  Essex  of  that  name)  was  honoured  by  a  Visit  from  the  Queen,  at  Chartley 
Castle,  in  her  road  from  Lichfield  to  Stafford.  Earl  Walter  died'  Sept.  2C2,  15*6  ;  and  his  Widow  was 
re-married  in  1578  to  the  Earl  of  Leicester. 


504        THE  PRINCELY  PLEASURES  AT  KENELWORTH  CASTLE,  1575. 

The  Interlocutors  were  these. 

Diana,  Goddesse  of  Chastitie. 

Castibula,  Anamale,  Nichalis,  Dianes,  Nimphes. 

Mercurie,  Jove's  Messenger. 

Iris,  Juno's  Messenger. 

Audax,  the  Sonne  of  Silvester. 

Actus  I.     Scena  I. 
Diana.     Castibula. 

Mine  owne  deere  Nimphes,  which  knowledge  me  your  Queene, 

And  vow  (like  me)  to  live  in  chastitie; 
My  lovely  Nimphes  (which  be  as  I  have  bene) 

Delightfull  dames,  and  gemmes  of  jolytie ; 
Rejoysing  yet  (much  more)  to  drive  your  dayes, 

In  life  at  large,  that  yeeldeth  calme  content, 
Than  wilfully  to  tread  the  wayward  wayes 

Of  wedded  state,  which  is  to  thraldome  bent : 
I  need  not  nowe,  with  curious  speach,  perswade 

Your  chast  consents,  in  constant  vowe  to  stande  : 
But  yet  beware  least  Cupid's  Knights  invade, 

By  slight,  by  force,  by  mouth,  or  mightie  hand, 
The  stately  tower  of  your  unspotted  myndes  : 

Beware  (I  say)  least,  whiles  we  walke  these  woods, 
In  pleasant  chase  of  swiftest  harts  and  hyndes, 

Some  harmfull  hart  entrap  your  harmlesse  rnoodes, 
You  know  these  holts  !,  these  hils,  these  covert  places, 

May  close  convey  some  hidden  force  unseene. 
You  see  likewise  the  sundry  gladsome  graces, 

Which  in  this  soyle  we  joyfully  have  seene, 
Are  not  unlike  some  Court  to  keepe  at  hand  ; 

Where  guilefull  tongues,  with  sweet  entising  tales, 
Might  (Circes  like)  set  all  your  ships  on  sand  : 
And  turne  your  present  blysse  to  after  bales. 

'  Small  woods,  or  groves, — derived  from  the  Saxon  Holce. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575-  505 

In  sweetest  flowres  the  subtyll  snakes  may  lurke  : 
The  sugred  baite  oft  hides  the  harmefull  hookes  ; 

The  smoothest  words  draw  wils  to  wicked  worke, 
And  deepe  deceipts  do  follow  fairest  lookes. 

Hereat  pausing,  and   looking  about  her,  she  took  knowledge  of  the  coast,  and 
proceeded : 

But  what  ?  ahlas  !  oh  whyther  wander  wee  ? 

What  chase  hath  led  us  thus  into  this  coast  ? 
By  sundrie  signes,  I  now  perceive  we  be, 

In  Brutus'  land,  whereof  he  made  such  boast, 
Which  Albion  in  olden  days  dyd  hyght  lf 

And  Brittaine  next  by  Brute  his  noble  name ; 
Then  Engiste's  lande,  as  Chronicles  do  write  : 

Now  England  short,  a  land  of  worthy  fame : 
Ahlas  !  behold,  how  memory  breedes  moone  : 

Behold  and  see,  how  sight  brings  sorrow  in, 
My  restless  thoughts  have  made  me  woe-begon  ; 

My  gasing  eyes  did  all  this  greef  begin. 
Beleeve  me,  Nimphs,  I  feel  great  grips  of  greef, 

Which  bruse  my  brest,  to  thinke  how  here  I  lost 
(Now  long  agoe)  a  love  to  me  most  lefe2, 

Content  you  all,  hyr  whom  I  loved  most : 
You  cannot  chuse  but  call  unto  your  mynde, 

Zabetae's  name,  who  twentie  yeeres  or  more 
Dyd  follow  me,  still  skorning  Cupid's  kinde, 

And  vowing  so  to  serve  me  evermore  : 
You  cannot  chuse  but  beare  in  memory 

Zabeta  hyr,  whose  excellencie  was  such, 
In  all  respects  of  every  qualitie, 

As  Gods  themselves  those  gifts  in  her  did  grutch. 
My  sister  first,  which  Pallas  hath  to  name, 

Envyed  Zabeta  for  hyr  learned  brayne. 

1  Named,  called.  *  Dear-beloved. 

VOL.  I.  3   T 


506  THE    PRINCELY  PLEASURES    AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

My  sister  Venus  fear'd  Zabetaes  fame, 

Whose  gleames  of  grace  hyr  beutie's  blase  did  stayne; 
Apollo  dread  to  touch  an  instrument, 

Where  my  Zabeta  chaunst  to  come  in  place: 
Yea,  Mercurie  was  not  so  eloquent, 

Nor  in  his  words  had  halfe  so  good  a  grace. 
My  stepdame  Juno,  in  hyr  glyttering  guyse, 

Was  nothing  like  so  heavenlie  to  beholde; 
Short  tale  to  make,  Zabeta  was  the  wight l, 

On  whom  to  thinke  my  heart  now  waxeth  cold. 
The  fearef  ull  byrd  oft  lets  hyr  food  downe  fall, 

Which  findes  her  neast  dispoyled  of  hyr  yong : 
Much  lyke  myselfe  whose  mynde  such  mones  appale, 

To  see  this  soyle,  and  therewithal!  among, 
To  thinke  how,  now  neer  seventeen  yeeres  agoe, 

By  great  myshap  I  chaunst  to  leese  her  here : 
But,  my  deere  Nimphes,  (on  hunting  as  you  go) 

Looke  narrowly,  and  hearken  every  where ; 
It  cannot  be  that  such  a  starre  as  she 

Can  leese  her  lyght  for  any  lowring  cloude ; 
It  cannot  be  that  such  a  Saint  to  see 

Can  long  in  shrine  her  seemely  selfe  to  shroude. 
I  promise  here   that  she  which  first  can  bryng 

The  joyful  newes  of  my  Zabetae's  lyfe, 
Shall  never  breake  hyr  bow,  nor  fret  hyr  string ; 

I  promise  eke,  that  never  storme  of  strife 
Shall  trouble  hyr;  nowe,  Nimphs,  looke  well  about : 

Some  happie  eye  spy  my  Zabeta  out. 

Castibula. 

O  heavenly  Dame,  thy  wofull  words  have  pearst 
The  very  depth  of  your2  forgetfull  mynde: 

And,  by  the  tale  which  thou  hast  here  rehearst, 
I  yet  record,  those  heavenly  gifts  which  shinde, 

1  A  person. — Saxon  UJiht ;  a  creature,  an  animal.  2  My. — First  edition. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  50J 

Tryumpbantly,  in  bright  Zabetae's  deedes ; 

But  therewythall,  a  sparke  of  jellowsie. 
With  nice  conceypt,  my  mynde  thus  farforth  feedes, 

That  she,  which  alwayes  liked  liberty, 
And  coulde  not  bowe  to  beare  the  servyle  yoke 

Of  false  suspect,  which  mars  these  lovers  marts, 
Was  never  wonne  to  lyke  that  smouldring  smoke, 

Without  some  feate  that  passeth  common  arts. 
I  dread  Dame  Juno  with  some  gorgeous  gift 

Hath  layde  some  snare,  her  fancie  to  entrap, 
And  hopeth  so  hyr  loftie  mynde  to  lyft 

On  Hymen's  bed,  by  height  of  worldly  hap. 

Diana. 

My  loving  Nimph,  even  so  feare  I  likewise; 

And  yet,  to  speake  as  truth  and  cause  requires, 
I  never  sawe  Zabeta  use  the  guyse, 

Which  gave  suspect  of  such  unchast  desires. 
Full  twenty  yeeres  I  marked  still  hyr  mynde, 

Ne  could  I  see  that  any  sparke  of  lust 
A  loytering  lodge  within  her  breast  could  finde. 

How  so  it  be  (deare  Nimphes)  in  you  I  trust : 
To  harke,  and  marke,  what  might  of  hyr  betyde; 

And  what  mishap  withholds  her  thus  from  me. 
High  Jove  himselfe  my  luckie  steps  so  guyde, 

That  I  may  once  mine  owne  Zabeta  see ! 

Diana  with  her  Nimphes  proceede  in  chase;  and,  to  entertaine  time,  com  met  h 
in  one  clad  in  mosse,  saying  as  followeth  : 

ACTUS    I.-       SCENA    II. 
AUDAX  Solus. 

If  ever  pity  pearst  a  peerelesse  Princesse  breast; 

Or  ruthfull  mone  moved  noble  minde  to  graunt  a  just  request; 


•08 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 


1  hen,  worthy  Queene,  give  eare 

For  needes  that  sonne  must  sobbe  and  sigh, 

O  Queene,  O  stately  Queene, 

Which  not  long  since  before  you  here 

Who  told  you  what  he  thought 

And  therefore  ever  since  (and  yet) 

Alas !  alas !  good  Queene, 

To  punish  him  which  speakes  no  more 

Especially  whenas 

And  seeme  with  common  voyce  to  prove 

You  heard  what  Eccho  said, 

You  heare  the  speech  of  Dyanaes  Nimphes, 

And  can  your  Highnesse  then 

Or  can  you  so  with  needles  greefe 

His-  eyes  (good  Queene)  be  great, 

He  never  yet  had  pinne  or  webbe, 

And  sure  the  Dames  that  dwell 

Have  thought  his  eyes  of  skil  enough, 

For  proofe,  your  Majestie 

He  did  not  onley  see  you  then, 

What  after  should  betide ; 

You  should  finde  here  bright  heavenly  dames, 

And  now  you  finde  it  true 

Your  praises  peyze  1  by  them  a  pound, 

For  sure  he  is  nor  blinde, 

But  yet,  because  you  tolde  him  so, 

And  I  therefore,  his  sonne, 

To  take  in  worth,  as  subjects  due, 

And  if  you  finde  some  filme, 

Vouchsafe,  good  (jueene,  to  take  it  off, 

He  sighing  lies,  and  saies, 

Ere  choice  of  change  in  England  fall, 

Finis  Actus  I. 


unto  my  woful  tale : 
whose  Father  bides  in  bale. 
I  am  that  wild  man's  sonne, 
presumed  for  to  runne ; 
of  all  your  vertues  rare  : 
he  pines  in  woe  and  care, 
it  were  a  cruel  deede, 
but  what  he  thinks  in  deede. 
all  men  with  him  consent, 
the  pith  of  his  intent, 
to  every  word  he  spake ; 
and  what  reports  they  make, 
condemn  him  to  be  blinde? 
torment  his  harmles  minde? 
so  are  they  cleere  and  graye : 
his  sight  for  to  decay.  . 
in  woods  abroad  with  us, 
their  beuties  to  discusse. 
may  now  full  plainly  see, 
but  more  he  did  foresee, 
he  tolde  you  that  ere  long 
would  sing  the  self-same  song, 
that  he  did  then  pronounce, 
which  he  weyed  but  an  ounce, 
nor  lame  of  any  limine ; 
he  doubts  his  eyes  are  dimme. 
your  Highnesse  here  beseech, 
my  Father's  simple  speech, 
that  seems  to  hide  his  eyes ; 
in  gratious  woonted  wise. 
God  put  mine  eyes  out  cleane, 
to  see  another  Queene ! 


1  Peyze — weigh.     Fr.  peser. 


THE  PRINCELY  PLEASURES  AT  KENELWORTH  CASTLE,  1575-        509 

ACTUS  II.   SCENA  I. 

Anamale  sola. 

Would  God  I  either  had  some  Argus'  eyes, 

Or  such  an  ear  as  every  tydings  heares, 
Oh  that  I  could  some  subtiltie  devise, 

To  heare  or  see  what  mould  Zabeta  beares, 
That  so  the  moode  of  my  Dyanaes  minde, 

Might  rest  (by  me)  contented  or  appeased, 
And  I  likewise  might  so  her  favour  finde, 

Whom  (Goddesse  like)  I  wish  to  have  well  pleased ! 
Some  courteous  winde,  come  blowe  me  happy  newes ; 

Some  sweete  birde,  sing  and  shewe  me  where  she  is  ; 
Some  Forrest  God,  or  some  of  Faunus*  crewes, 

Direct  my  feete,  if  so  they  treade  amisse  ! 

ACTUS    II.       SCENA    II. 

Nichalis  sola. 

If  ever  Eccho  sounded  at  request, 

To  satisfie  an  uncontented  mind. 
Then,  Eccho,  now  come  helpe  me  in  my  quest, 

And  tel  me  where  I  might  Zabeta  finde. 
Speake,  Eccho,  speake,  where  dwels  Zabeta,  where  ? 

Alas  ?  alas  ?  or  she  or  I  am  deafe. 
She  answereth  not,  ha !  what  is  that  I  heare  ? 

Alas  !  it  was  the  shaking  of  some  leafe. 
Wei,  since  I  heare  not  tidings  in  this  place, 

I  will  goe  seeke  her  out  in  some  place  els  : 
And  yet  my  mind  divineth  in  this  case, 

That  she  is  here,  or  not  farre  off  she  dwels. 

ACTUS    II.       SCENA    III. 

Diana,  with  her  Traine. 

No  newes,  my  Nimphes  ?     Wei  then,  I  may  well  thinke, 
That  carejesly  you  have  of  her  enquired  : 


510 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 


And  since  from  me  in  this  distresse  you  shrinke, 

While  I  (meane  while)  my  wearie  limmes  have  tyred  ; 

My  Father  Jove,  vouchsafe  to  rue  my  greefe, 
Since  here  on  earth  I  call  for  helpe  in  vaine : 

O  King  of  Kings,  send  thou  me  some  releefe, 
That  I  may  see  Zabeta  once  againe. 

ACTUS    II.       SCENA    IV. 

Mercury,  Diana,  and  the  Nimphes. 

O  Goddes,  ceasse  thy  mone  ;  Thy  plaints  have  pearst  the  skies, 

And  Jove  thy  friendly  Father  hath  Vouchsaft  to  hear  thy  cries, 

Yea  more,  he  hath  vouchsaft,  In  hast,  post  hast,  to  send  ' 

Me  downe  from  heaven,  to  heale  thy  harme,  And  all  thy  misse  to  mend. 


Zabeta,  whom  thou  seek'st, 

And  passinglie,  in  woonted  wise, 

But,  as  thou  doest  suspect, 

And  many  a  day,  to  winne  her  wil, 

For  first,  these  sixteen  yeres, 

In  richest  real  me  that  Europe  hath, 

And  Juno  hath  likewise 

The  richest  and  the  bravest  both, 

With  other  worthy  wights, 

And  cunningly,  with  queint  conceits, 

Dame  Juno  geves  her  wealth, 

Dame  Juno  gets  her  every  good 

And  so  in  joy  and  peace 

Not  as  thou  thought'st  nor  done  to  death, 

For,  though  she  finde  the  skil 

Yet  cannot  Juno  winne  her  will, 

Unto  the  wedded  life; 

And  holdes  her  neck  from  any  yoke, 

Thus  much  it  pleased  Jove, 

And  furthermore,  by  words  exprest, 

But  bring  thee  to  the  place 

To  prop  up  so  thy  stagring  mind, 


In  heart  even  yet  is  thine, 
Her  virtues  still  doe  shine. 
Dame  Juno  train'd  a  trap, 
Hath  lulde  her  in  her  lap. 
She  hath  beene  daily  seene, 
A  comlie  crowned  Queene. 
Suborned  sundrie  Kings, 
That  this  our  age  foorth  brings, 
Which  sew  to  her  for  grace  ; 
Doe  pleade  the  lover's  case. 
Dame  Juno  geves  her  ease ; 
That  woman's  wil  may  please. 
She  holdeth  happy  daies ; 
Or  wonne  to  wicked  wayes. 
A  kingdome  for  to  weelde, 
Nor  make  her  once  to  yeelde 
But  still  she  lives  at  large, 
Without  controll  of  charge. 
That  I  to  thee  should  say, 
He  bade  I  should  not  stay ; 
Wherein  Zabeta  bides, 
Which  in  these  sorrowes  slides. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575.  511 

O  Goddes,  then,  be  blithe,  Let  comfort  chase  out  greef ; 

Thy  heavenly  father's  will  it  is,  To  lend  thee  such  releef. 

Diana. 

O  noble  Mercurie,  doest  thou  me  then  assure, 

That  I  shall  see  Zabetae's  face,  and  that  she  doeth  endure 

Even  yet  in  constant  vowe  of  chaste  unspotted  life  ? 

And  that  my  stepdame  cannot  yet  make  her  a  wedded  wife  ? 

If  that  be  so  indeed,  O  Muses,  helpe  my  voice, 

Whomgreefeandgroneshavemadesohoarce,  I  cannot  well  rejoyce. 

O  Muses,  souncrthe  praise  of  Jove  his  mighty  name  ; 

And  you,  deere  Nimphes,  which  me  attend,  by  duetie  doe  the  same. 

Here  Dyana  with  her  Nimphes,  assisted  by   a  consort  of  musicke  unseene, 
should  sing  this  song,  or  rondled,  following : 

O  Muses,  now  come  helpe  me  to  rejoice, 

Since  Jove  hath  changed  my  greefe  to  sodain  joy  ; 
And  since  the  chaunce  whereof  I  craved  choice 
Is  graunted  me  to  comfort  mine  annoy  ; 

O  praise  the  name  of  Jove,  who  promist  plaine, 
That  I  shall  see  Zabeta  once  againe. 

O  Gods  of  woods,  and  Goddes  Flora  eke, 

Now  clere  your  brestes,  and  beare  a  part  with  me  : 
My  jewel  she,  for  whom  I  woont  to  seeke, 
Is  yet  full  safe,  and  soone  I  shall  her  see. 

O  praise  the  name  of  Jove,  who  promist  plaine, 
That  I  shall  see  Zabeta  once  againe. 

And  you,  deere  Nimphes,  who  know  what  cruel  care 

I  bare  in  brest  since  she  from  me  did  part, 
May  well  conceive  what  pleasures  I  prepare, 
And  how  great  joyes  I  harbour  in  my  heart. 

Then  praise  the  name  of  Jove,  who  promist  plaine, 
That  I  shall  see  Zabeta  once  againe. 


512  the  princely  pleasures  at  kenelworth  castle,  1575- 

Mercurie. 

Come,  Goddes,  come  with  me  ;  thy  leysures  last  too  long ; 

For  now  thou  shalt  her  here  beholde,  for  whom  thou  sing'st  this  song. 

Behold  where  here  she  sits,  whom  thou  so  long  hast  sought, 

Embrace  her,  since  she  is  to  thee  a  jewel  dearly  bought. 

And  I  will  now  returne  to  God  in  heaven  on  hie, 

Who  graunt  you  both  always  to  please  his  heavenly  Majestie! 

Mercury  departeth  to  Heaven. 

What  do  I  dreame  ?  or  doth  my  minde  but  muse  ? 

Is  this  my  leefe,  my  love,  and  my  delight  ? 
Or  did  this  God  my  longing  mind  abuse, 

To  feede  my  fancie  with  a  fained  sight  ? 
Is  this  Zabeta,  is  it  she  indeed  ? 

It  is  she  sure :  Zabeta  mine,  all  haile ; 
And  though  dame  Fortune  seemeth  you  to  feede 

With  princely  port,  which  serves  for  your  availe, 
Yet  give  me  leave  to  gaze  you  in  the  face, 

Since  now  (long  since)  myselfe  yourself  did  seeke, 
And  be  content,  for  all  your  statelie  grace, 

Still  to  remaine  a  maiden  alwaies  meeke. 
Zabeta  mine  (now  Queene  of  high  renowne), 

You  knowe  how  well  I  loved  you  alwaies  ; 
And  long  before  you  did  atcheeve  this  Crowne, 

You  know  how  wel  you  seemde  to  like  my  wayes 
Since  when,  you  (woone  by  Juno's  gorgeous  giftes) 

Have  left  my  lawndes,  and  closely  kept  in  Court, 
Since  when,  delight,  and  pleasures  gallant  shifts, 

Have  fed  your  minde  with  many  a  princely  sport. 
But,  peereles  Queen,  sometime  my  peereles  maide, 

And  yet  the  same,  as  Mercurie  doeth  tel, 
Had  you  but  knowen  how  much  I  was  dismaide, 

When  first  you  did  forsake  with  me  to  dwel ; 
Had  you  but  felt  what  privie  panges  I  had, 

Because  I  could  not  finde  you  foorth  againe  ; 


THE   PRINCELY    PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  513 

I  know  full  wel  yourselfe  would  haue  been  sad. 

To  put  me  so  to  proofe  of  pinching  paine. 
Well,  since  Dan  Jove  (my  Father)  me  assures. 

That,  notwithstanding  all  my  stepdames  wyles, 
Your  Maiden's  minde  yet  constant  still  endures, 

Though  wel  content  a  Queene  to  be  therewhiles, 
And  since,  by  prudence  and  by  pollicie, 

You  winne  from  Juno  so  much  worldly  wealth, 
And  since  the  piller  of  your  chastitie 

Still  standeth  fast  as  Mercurie  me  telleth, 
I  joy  with  you,  and  leave  it  to  your  choice. 

What  kinde  of  life  you  best  shall  like  to  holde ; 
And  in  meane  while  I  cannot  but  rejoyce, 

To  see  you  thus  bedeckt  with  glistring  golde. 
To  see  you  have  this  traine  of  stately  Dames, 

Of  whom  each  one  may  seem  some  Goddes  peere, 
And  you  yourselfe  (by  due  desert  of  fame) 

A  Goddes  full ;  and  so  I  leave  you  here. 
It  shall  suffice  that  on  your  faith  I  trust ; 

It  shall  suffice  that  once  I  have  you  seene: 
Farewell ;  not  as  I  would,  but  as  I  must ; 

Farewel,  my  Nimphe;  farewel,  my  noble  Queen. 

Diana,  with  her  Traine,  departeth. 

Actus  II.     Scena  ultima. 

Iris  sola. 

Oh,  loe!  1  come  to  late  ;  oh,  why  had  I  no  wings  ? 
To  helpe  my  willing  feete,  which  fet      these  hastie,  frisking  flings  ? 

Ahlas  !  I  came  too  late:  that  bablingGod  is  gone; 

And  Dame  Diana  fled  likewise ;  here  stands  the  Queene  alone. 

Well,  since  a  booteles  plaint  but  little  would  prevaile  : 

I  will  goe  tell  the  Quene  my  tale:  O  peerles  Prince,  all  haile! 

The  Queen  of  Heaven  herselfe  did  send  me,  to  controle 

That  tatling  traytor  Mercurie,  who  hopes  to  get  the  gole : 

vol.  i.  3  u 


514  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575. 

By  curious  filed  speech,  abusing  you  by  arte ; 

But,Queene,  had  I  come  soon  enough,    he  should  have  felt  the  smart, 
And  you,  whose  wit  excelles,  whose  judgement  hath  no  peer, 

Beare  not  in  minde  those  flattering  words,  which  he  expressed  heere. 
You  know  that  in  his  tongue  consistes  his  chiefest  might ; 

You  know  his  eloquence  can  serve         to  make  the  crowe  seeme  white. 
But  come  to  deedes  indeede,  and  then  you  shall  perceive, 

WhichGoddesmeanesyourgreatestgood,and  which  would  you  deceive. 
Call  you  to  mind  the  time,  in  which  you  did  insue 

Dianaes  chase,  and  were  not  yet  a  guest  of  Juno's  crue. 

Remember  all  your  life,  before  you  were  a  Queene ; 

And  then  compare  it  with  the  daies        which  you  since  them  have  seene. 
Were  you  not  captive  caught  ?  were  you  not  kept  in  walles  ? 

Were  you  not  forst  to  leade  a  life  like  other  wretched  thralles  ? 

Where  was  Diana  then,  why  did  she  you  not  ayde  ? 

Why  did  she  not  defend  your  state,        which  were  and  are  her  maide  ? 
Who  brought  you  out  of  bryers  ?  who  gave  you  rule  of  realms  ? 

Who  crowned  first  your  comely  head     with  princely  dyademes  ? 
Even  Juno  she,  which  meant,  and  yet  doth  meane  likewise, 

To  geve  you  more  than  will  can  wish,     or  wit  can  well  devise. 
Wherefore,  good  Queene,  forget  Dianaes  tysing  tale : 

Let  never  needlesse  dread  presume        to  bring  your  blisse  to  bale. 
How  necesserie  were  for  worthy  Queenes  to  wed, 

That  know  you  wel,  whose  life  alwaies  in  learning  hath  beene  led. 
The  country  craves  consent,  your  virtues  vaunt  themselfe, 

And  Jove  in  Heaven  would  smile  to  see    Diana  set  on  shelfe. 
His  Queene  hath  sworne  (but  you)         there  shall  no  mo  be  such ; 
You  know  she  lies  with  Jove  a  nights,     and  night  ravens  may  doe  much. 
Then  geve  consent,  O  Queene,  to  Juno's  just  desire, 

Who  for  your  wealth  would  have  you  wed,  and,  for  your  farther  hire, 
Some  Empresse  wil  you  make,  she  bad  me  tell  you  thus ; 

Forgeve  me,  Queene;  the  words  are  hers;  I  come  not  to  discusse  : 
I  am  but  messenger ;  but  sure  she  bade  me  say, 

That  where  you  now  in  princely  port     have  past  one  pleasant  day, 


THE  PRINCELY  PLEASURES  AT  KENELWORTH  CASTLE,  1575'       515 

A  world  of  wealth  at  wil,  you  henceforth  shall  enjoy, 

In  weded  state,  and  therewithall  holde  up  from  great  annoy  ; 

The  staffe  of  your  estate ;  O  Queen,  O  worthy  Queen, 

Yet  never  wight  felt  perfect  blis,  but  such  as  wedded  bene. 

Tarn  Marti,  quam  Mer curio. 

This  shewe  was  devised  and  penned  by  M.  Gascoigne ;  and  being  prepared 
and  redy  (every  Actor  in  his  garment)  two  or  three  days  together,  yet  never  came 
to  execution.  The  cause  whereof  I  cannot  attribute  to  any  other  thing  than  to 
lack  of  opportunity  and  seasonable  weather. 

The  Queenes  Majestie  hasting  her  departure  from  thence,  the  Earle  com- 
manded Master  Gascoigne  to  devise  some  farewel  worth  the  presenting ;  where- 
upon he  himselfe,  clad  like  unto  Sylvanus,  God  of  the  woods,  and  meeting  her 
as  she  went  on  hunting,  spake  ex  tempore,  as  followeth  : 

Right  excellent,  puissant,  and  most  happy  Princesse,  whiles  I  walke  in  these 
woods  and  wildernes  (whereof  I  have  the  charge),  I  have  often  mused  with  myselfe 
that  your  Majesty  being  so  highly  esteemed,  so  entirely  beloved,  and  so  largely 
endued  by  the  Celestial  Powers ;  you  can  yet  continually  give  eare  to  the  councel 
of  these  terrestrial  companions,  and  so  consequently  passe  your  time  wheresoever 
they  devise  or  determine  that  it  is  meete  for  your  Royal  person  to  be  resident. 
Surely,  if  your  Highnesse  did  understand  (as  it  is  not  to  me  unknowen)  what 
pleasures  have  been  for  you  prepared,  what  great  good-will  declared,  what  joy  and 
comfort  conceived  in  your  presence,  and  what  sorrowe  and  greef  sustained  by 
likelihoode  of  your  absence  (yea,  and  that  by  the  whole  bench  in  Heaven)  since 
you  first  arryved  in  these  coastes :  I  think  it  would  be  sufficient  to  drawe  your 
resolute  determination  for  ever  to  abide  in  this  countrey,  and  never  to  wander  any 
further  by  the  direction  and  advice  of  these  Peers  and  Counsellers;  since  thereby 
the  heavens  might  greatly  be  pleased,  and  most  men  throughly  recomforted.  But 
because  I  rather  wish  the  increase  of  your  delights,  then  any  way  to  diminish 
the  heape  of  your  contentment,  I  will  not  presume  to  stay  your  hunting,  for  the 
hearing  of  my  needlesse,  thriftlesse,  and  bootlesse  discours :  but  I  doe  humbly 
beseech  that  your  Excellencie  will  geeve  me  leave  to  attend  you  as  one  of  your 
footmen,  wherein  I  undertake  to  doe  you  double  service:  for  I  will  not  only  con- 
duct your  Majestie   in   safetie  from   the  perillous   passages  which   are   in  these 


$16  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

Woods  and  Forrests,  but  will  also  recount  unto  you  (if  your  Majestie  vouchsafe 
to  hearken  thereunto)  certaine  adventures,  neither  unpleasant  to  heare,  nor  un- 
profitable to  be  marked. 

Herewith  her  Majesty  proceeded,  and  Sylvanus  continued  at  followeth : 

There  are  not  yet  twentie  days  past  (most  noble  Queene)  since  I  have  beene  by 
the  Procuror-general  twise  severally  summoned  to  appear  before  the  great  Gods 
in  their  Council-chamber ;  and  making  mine  appearance  according  to  my  duety, 
I  have  seene  in  Heaven  two  such  exceedyng  great  contraryetyes,  or  rather  two 
such  woonderful  changes,  as  drawe  me  into  deep  admiration  and  suddayne  per- 
plexitie.  At  my  first  comming,  I  found  the  whole  company  of  heaven  in  such  a 
jollitie,  as  I  rather  want  skill  to  expresse  it  lively,  then  will  to  declare  it  redily. 
There  was  nothing  in  any  corner  to  be  seene,  but  rejoysing  and  mirth,  singing, 
daunsing,  melody,  and  harmony,  amiable  regardes,  plentiful  rewards,  tokens  of 
love  and  great  good  will,  tropheys  and  triumphes,  gifts  and  presents  (alas,  my 
breath  and  memorie  faile  me)  ;  leaping,  frisking,  and  clapping  of  hands. 

To  conclude,  there  was  the  greatest  feast  and  joye  that  ever  eye  sawe,  or  eare 
heard  tell  of,  since  heaven  was  heaven,  and  the  earth  began  to  have  his  being. 
And  enquiring  the  cause  thereof,  Reason,  one  of  the  heavenly  Ushers,  told  me, 
that  it  was  to  congratulate  for  the  comming  of  your  most  excellent  Majestie  into 
this  country.  In  very  deede  to  confesse  a  truth,  I  might  have  perceived  no  les 
by  sundry  manifest  tokens  here  on  earth,  for  even  here  in  my  charge  I  might  see 
the  trees  florish  in  more  than  ordinarie  bravery,  the  grasse  growe  greener  than  it 
was  woont  to  doe,  and  the  deer  went  tripping  (though  against  their  death)  in  ex- 
treme delicacie  and  delight.  Wei,  to  speak  of  what  I  sawe  in  heaven,  every  God 
and  Goddes  made  all  preparations  possible  to  present  your  Majestie  with  some 
acceptable  gift ;  thereby  to  declare  the  exceeding  joy  which  they  conceived  in 
your  presence.  And  I,  poor  rural  God,  which  am  but  seldome  called  amongst 
them,  and  then  also  but  slenderly  countenanced,  yet  for  my  great  good-will 
towards  your  Majestie,  no  way  inferior  to  the  proudest  God  of  them  all,  came 
downe  againe  with  a  flea  in  mine  eare,  and  began  to  beate  my  braines  for  some 
device  of  some  present,  which  might  both  bewray  the  depth  of  mine  affections, 
and  also  be  worthy  for  so  excellent  a  Princesse  to  receive.  But  whiles  I  went  so 
musing  with  myselfe,  many,  yea  too  many  dayes,  I  found  by  due  experience, 
that  this  proverbe  was  all  too  true,  Omnis  mora  trahit  periculum.     For  whiles 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,    15 75-  5^7 

I  studied  to  atcheeve  the  height  of  my  desires,  behold  I  was  the  second  time 
summoned  to  appeare  in  heaven.  What,  said  I  ?  Heaven  ?  No,  no,  most 
comely  Queene ;  for  when  I  came  there,  Heaven  was  not  Heaven  ;  it  was  rather 
a  very  Hell.  There  was  nothing  but  weeping  and  wayling,  crying  and  howling, 
dole,  desperation,  mourning,  and  moane.  All  which  I  perceived  also  here  on 
earth  before  I  went  up  ;  for  of  a  trueth  (most  noble  Princesse)  not  only  the  skies 
scowled,  the  windes  raged,  the  waves  rored  and  tossed,  but  also  the  fishes  in  the 
waters  turned  up  their  bellies,  the  deer  in  the  woods  went  drowping,  the  grasse 
was  weary  of  growing,  the  trees  shooke  off  their  leaves,  and  all  the  beastes  of  the 
forrest  stood  amazed. 

The  which  sudden  change  I  plainly  perceived  to  be,  for  that  they  understood 
above,  that  your  Majestie  would  shortly  (and  too  speedely)  depart  out  of  this 
countrey,  wherein  the  heavens  have  happely  placed  you,  and  the  whole  earth 
earnestly  desired  to  keep  you.  Surely  (gracious  Queene)  I  suppose  that  this  late 
alteration  in  the  skyes  hath  seemed  unto  your  judgement  droppes  of  raine  in 
accustomed  maner.  But,  if  your  Highness  will  believe  me,  it  was  nothing  els 
but  the  very  flowing  teares  of  the  Gods,  who  melted  into  moane  for  your  hastie 
departure. 

Well,  because  we  Rural  Gods  are  bound  patiently  to  abide  the  censure  of  the 
celestiall  bench,  I  thought  meete  to  hearken  what  they  would  determine ;  and, 
for  a  finall  conclusion,  it  was  generally  determined,  that  some  convenient  Mes- 
senger should  be  dispatched  with  all  expedition  possyble,  as  wel  to  beseech  your 
Majestie  that  you  would  here  remaine,  as  also  further  to  present  you  with  the 
proffer  of  any  such  commodities  and  delights,  as  might  draw  your  full  consent  to 
continue  here,  for  their  contentation,  and  the  general  comfort  of  men. 

Here  her  Majestie  stayed  her  horse  to  favour  Sylvanus,  fearing  least  he  should 
be  driven  out  of  breath  by  following  her  horse  so  fast.  But  Sylvanus  humbly 
besought  her  Highnesse  to  goe  on,  declaring  that  if  hys  rude  speech  did  not 
offend  her,  he  coulde  continue  this  tale  to  be  twenty  miles  long.  And  there- 
withal! protested  that  he  had  rather  be  her  Majesties  footman  on  earth,  than  God 
on  horseback  in  heaven  ;  proceeding  as  followeth  : 

Now  to  returne  to  my  purpose  (most  excellent  Queene),  when  I  had  heard 
their  deliberation,  and  called  unto  minde  that  sundry  Realmes  and  Provinces  had 
come  to   utter  subvertion  by   over-great   trust  given  to  Ambassadors,  I  (being 


518  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  I575. 

thorowly  tickled  with  a  restlesse  desire)  thought  good  to  pleade  in  person  ;  for  I 
will  tell  your  Majestie  one  strange  propertie  that  I  have  ;  there  are  fewe  or  none 
which  know  my  minde  so  well  as  myselfe,  neither  are  there  many  which  can  tel 
mine  owne  tale  better  than  I  myselfe  can  do.  And  therefore  I  have  continually 
awayted  these  three  dayes,  to  espie  when  your  Majesty  would  (in  accustomed 
manner)  come  on  hunting  this  way. 

And  being  now  arrived  most  happely  into  the  porte  of  my  desires,  I  wil  pre- 
sume to  beseech  most  humbly,  and  to  intreate  most  earnestly,  that  your  Highnes 
have  good  regard  to  the  general  desire  of  the  Gods,  together  with  the  humble 
petitions  of  your  most  loyal  and  deeply  affectionate  servants. 

And  for  my  poore  part,  in  full  token  of  my  dutiful  meaning,  I  here  present 
you  with  the  store  of  my  charge,  undertaking  that  the  deer  shal  be  dayly  double 
for  your  delight  in  chase.  Furthermore,  I  will  intreate  Dame  Flora  to  make  it 
continually  spring  here  with  store  of  redolent  and  fragrant  flowers.  Ceres  shall 
be  compelled  to  yeelde  your  Majestie  competent  provision  ;  and  Bacchus  shall  be 
sued  unto  for  the  first-fruits  of  his  vineyards.  To  be  shorte,  O  peerelessse 
Princes,  you  shall  have  all  things  that  may  possibly  be  gotten  for  the  furtheraunce 
of  your  delights.  And  I  shall  be  most  glad  and  triumphant,  if  I  may  place  my 
Godhead  in  your  service  perpetually.  This  tedious  tale,  O  comely  Queene,  I 
began  with  a  bashfull  boldnes,  I  have  continued  in  base  eloquence,  and  I  cannot 
better  knit  it  up,  then,  with  homely  humilitie,  referring  the  consideration  of  these 
my  simple  wordes,  unto  the  deepe  discretion  of  your  princelie  will.  And  now  1 
will,  by  your  Majestie's  leave,  turne  my  discourse  into  the  rehearsal  of  strange 
and  pitiful  adventures. 

So  it  is,  good  gracious  Lady,  that  Diana  passeth  oftentimes  through  this  forest, 
with  a  stately  traine  of  gallant  and  beutiful  Nimphs. 

Among;  whom  there  is  one  surpassing  all  the  rest  for  singuler  gifts  and  graces ; 
some  call  her  Zabeta,  some  other  have  named  hyr  Ahtebasile  l,  some  Completa, 
and  some  Complacida :  whatsoever  hyr  name  be,  I  will  not  stand  upon  it.  But, 
as  I  have  sayde,  her  rare  gifts  have  drawn  the  most  noble  and  worthy  personages 
in  the  whole  world  to  sue  unto  hyr  for  grace. 

All  which  she  hath  so  rigorously  repulsed,  or  rather  (to  speake  playne  English) 
so  obstinately  and  cruelly  rejected,  that  I  sigh  to  thinke  of  some  of  their  mishaps. 

1  A  division  of  this  name  into  the  three  words  of  which  it  is  compounded,  will  show  the  writer's 
direct  allusion  to  the  Queen — Ah  te  basile. 


THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  519 

I  alio  we  and  commende  her  justice  towards  some  others,  and  yet  the  tears  stande 
in  mine  eyes,  yea,  and  my  tongue  trembleth  and  faltereth  in  my  mouth,  when  I 
begin  to  declare  the  distresses  wherein  some  of  them  doe  presently  remayne.  I 
could  tell  your  Highnesse  of  sundry  famous  and  worthy  persons,  whome  shee 
hath  turned  and  converted  into  most  monstrous  shapes  and  proportions  ;  as  some 
into  fishes,  some  others  into  foules,  and  some  into  huge  stony  rocks  and  great 
mountains :  but  because  diverse  of  her  most  earnest  and  faithfull  followers,  as  also 
some  cicophants,  have  bin  converted  into  sundry  of  these  plants  whereof  I  have 
charge,  I  will  on  shew  unto  your  Majestie  so  many  of  them  as  are  in  sight  in 
th£se  places  where  you  pass. 

Behold,  gracious  Lady,  this  old  Oke ;  the  same  was  many  years  a  faithfull  fol- 
lower and  trustie  servant  of  hyrs,  named  Constance,  whome  when  shee  coulde  by 
none  other  means  overthrowe,  considering  that  no  chaunge  coulde  creepe  into  his 
thoughts,  nor  any  trouble  of  passions  and  perplexities  coulde  turne  his  resolute 
minde,  at  length  she  caused  him,  as  I  say,  to  be  converted  into  this  Oke,  a  strange 
and  cruel  metamorphosis!  But  yet  the  heavens  have  thus  far  forth  favoured  and 
rewarded  his  long  continued  service,  that  as  in  life  he  was  unmovable,  even  so 
now  all  the  vehement  blasts  of  the  most  raging  windes  cannot  once  move  his 
rocky  body  from  his  rooted  place  and  abyding.  But,  to  countervaile  this  cruelty 
with  a  shewe  of  justice,  she  converted  his  contrarie  Inconstancie  into  yonder 
Popler,  whose  leaves  move  and  shake  with  the  least  breathe  or  blast. 

As  also  shee  dressed  Vaineglory  in  his  right  colours,  converting  him  into  this 
Ash-tree,  which  is  the  first  of  my  plants  that  buddeth,  and  the  first  likewise  that 
casteth  leafe.  For,  believe  mee,  most  excellent  Princesse,  Vaineglory  may  well 
begin  hastily,  but  seldom  continueth  long. 

Again ;  she  hath  well  requited  that  busie  elfe  Contention,  whom  she  turned 
into  this  Bramble  Bryer,  the  which,  as  your  Majesty  may  well  see,  doth  even  yet 
catch  and  snatch  at  your  garments,  and  every  other  thing  that  passeth  by  it.  And 
as  for  that  wicked  wretch  Ambition,  she  dyd  by  good  right  condemn  him  into 
this  braunch  of  Ivy,  the  which  can  never  clyme  on  high,  nor  flourish  without 
the  helpe  of  some  other  plant  or  tree  ;  and  yet,  commonly,  what  tree  soever  it 
ryse  by,  it  never  leaveth  to  wynde  about  it,  and  strayghtly  to  infolde  it,  untyll  it 
have  smowldred  and  killed  it.  And  by  your  leave,  good  Queene,  such  is  the 
unthankfull  nature  of  cancred  ambitious  mindes,  that  commonly  they  maligne 
them  by  whom  they  have  rysen,  and  never  cease  untyll  they  have  brought  them 


520  THE    PRINCELY    PLEASURES    AT    KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

to  confusion.  Well,  notwithstanding  these  examples  of  justice,  I  will  now  re- 
hearse unto  your  Majestie  such  a  straunge  and  cruell  metamorphosis  as  I  think 
must  needes  move  your  noble  minde  unto  compassion.  There  were  two  sworne 
brethren,  which  long  time  served  hyr,  called  Deepedesire  and  Dewedesert ;  and 
although  it  bee  very  hard  to  part  these  two  in  sunder,  yet  it  is  sayd,  that  she  dyd 
long  sithens  convert  Dewedesert  into  yonder  same  Lawrell-tree.  The  which 
may  very  well  be  so,  considering  the  etymologie  of  his  name,  for  we  see  that  the 
Lawrell-braunch  is  a  token  of  triumph  in  all  Trophies,  and  given  as  a  reward  to 
all  Victors,  a  dignitie  for  all  degrees,  consecrated  and  dedicate  to  Apollo  and  the 
Muses,  as  a  worthie  flower,  leafe  or  braunch,  for  their  due  deserts.  Of  him  I 
will  no  longer  discourse,  because  he  was  metamorphosed  before  my  tym  ;  for 
your  Majestie  must  understand  that  1  have  not  long  helde  this  charge,  neyther 
do  I  meane  long  to  continue  in  it ;  but  rather  most  gladly  to  followe  your  High- 
nesse  wheresoever  you  shall  become. 

But  to  speake  of  Deepedesire  (that  wretch  of  worthies,  and  yet  the  worthiest 
that  ever  was  condemned  to  wretched  estate) ;  he  was  such  an  one  as  neither  any 
delay  could  daunt  him,  no  disgrace  could  abate  his  passions,  no  tyrre  coulde  tyre 
him,  no  water  quench  his  flames,  nor  death  itself  could  amase  him  with  terror. 

And  yet  this  straunge  starre,  this  courteous  cruell,  and  yet  the  cruellest  cour- 
teous that  ever  was ;  this  Ahtebasile,  Zabeta,  or  by  what  name  soever  it  shall 
please  your  Majestie  to  remember  hyr,  did  never  cease  to  use  imprecation,  invo- 
cation, conjuration,  and  all  means  possible,  until  she  had  caused  him  to  be  turned 
into  this  Hollybush  ;  and  as  he  was  in  this  life  and  worlde  continually  full  of 
compunctions,  so  is  he  now  furnished  on  every  side  with  sharpe  pricking  leaves, 
to  prove  the  restlesse  prickes  of  his  privie  thoughts.  Mary  there  are  two  kinds 
of  Holly,  that  is  to  say,  He-Holly,  and  She-Holly.  Now  some  will  say,  that 
She-Holly  hath  no  prickes  ;  but  thereof  I  intermeddle  not. 

At  these  wordes  her  Majestie  came  by  a  close  arbor,  made  all  of  Hollie ;  and 
whiles  Silvanus  pointed  to  the  same,  the  principal  bush  shaked.  For  therein 
were  placed  both  strange  musicke,  and  one  who  was  there  appointed  to  represent 
Deepedesire.     Silvanus,  perceiving  the  bush  to  shake,  continued  thus : 

Behold,  most  gracious  Queene,  this  Hollybush  doeth  tremble  at  your  pre- 
sence; and  therefore  I  believe  that  Deepedesire  hath  gotten  leave  of  the  Gods  to 
speake  unto  your  excellent  Majestie  in  their  behalfe,  for  I  myself  was  present  in 


THE    PRINCELY   PLEASURES   AT   KENELVVORTH    CASTLE,   1575-  521 

the  Council-chamber  of  Heaven,  when  Desire  was  thought  a  meete  messenger  to 
be  sent  from  that  Convocation  unto  your  Majestie  as  Ambassadour:  and  give 
eare,  good  Queene;   methinks  I  hear  his  voyce. 

Herewith  Deepedesire  spake  out  of  the  Hollybush  as  followeth  : 

Stay,  stay  your  hasty  steppes,  O  Queene  without  compare ; 

Andhearehim  talke,  whose  trusty  tongue  consumed  is  with  care; 

I  am  that  wretch  Desire,  whom  neither  death  could  daunt ; 

Nor  dole  decay,  nor  dread  delay,  nor  fayned  cheere  inchant: 

Whom  neither  care  could  quench,  nor  fancie  force  to  change  ; 

And  therefore  turned  into  this  tree,  which  sight  percase  seems  strange. 

But  when  the  Gods  of  Heaven,  and  Goddesses  withall, 

Both  Gods  of  Fieldes  and  Forest  Gods,  yea,  Satires,  Nimphes,  and  all, 

Determined  a  dole,  by  course  of  free  consent, 

With  wailing  words  and  mourning  notes  your  partyng  to  lament : 

Then  thought  they  meet  to  chuse  me  silly  wretch  Desire, 

To  tell  a  tale  that  might  bewray  as  much  as  they  require. 

And  hence  proceedes,  O  Queene,  that,  from  this  Holly-tree, 

Your  learned  ears  may  heare  him  speake  whom  yet  you  cannot  see. 

But,  Queene,  beleeve  me  noWe,  although  I  do  not  sweare ; 

Was  never  greefe,  as  I  could  gesse,  which  sat  their  harts  so  neere, 

As  when  they  heard  the  newes,  that  you,  O  royal  Queene, 
Would  partfrom  hence;  and  that  to  proove,  it  may  full  well  be  seene. 

For  marke  what  teares  they  shed  these  five  dayes  past  and  gone ; 

It  was  no  rayne  of  honestie,  it  was  great  floods  of  mone. 

As,  first,  Diana  wept  such  brynish  bitter  tears, 
That  all  hyr  Nimphes dyd doubt  hyrdeathjhyr  face  the  signe  yet  beares. 

Dame  Flora  fell  on  ground,  and  brusde  hyr  wofull  breast : 

Yea,  Pan  dyd  breake  his  oten  pipes  ;  Sylvanus  and  the  rest, 

Which  walke  amid  these  woods,  for  greefe  did  rore  and  cry: 

And  Jove,  to  shewe  what  mone  he  made,  with  thundring  crackt  the  sky  : 

O  Queene,  O  worthy  Queene,  within  these  holts  and  hilles, 

Were  never  heard  such  grieevous  grones,  nor  seen  such  woful  wils. 

But,  since  they  have  decreed,  that  I  poor  wretch  Desire, 

In  their  behalfe,  shall  make  their  mone,  and  comfort  thus  require. 

vol.  i.  3  x 


522  THE   PRINCELY   PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575. 

Vouchsafe,  O  comely  Queene,  yet  longer  to  remaine, 

Or  still  to  dwell  amongst  us  here !  O  Queene  commaunde  againe 

This  Castle  and  the  Knight,  which  keepes  the  same  for  you  ; 

These  woods,  these  waves,  these  foules,  these  fishes,  these  deere  which  are  your  due! 

Live  here,  good  Queene,  live  here ;  you  are  amongst  your  friends ; 

Their  comfort  comes  when  you  approach,  and  when  you  part  it  ends. 

What  fruits  this  soyle  may  serve,  thereof  you  may  be  sure : 

Dame  Ceres  and  Dame  Flora  both  will  with  you  still  indure. 

Diana  would  be  glad  to  meet  you  in  the  chase ; 

Silvan  us  and  the  Forest  Gods  would  follow  you  apace. 

Yea,  Pan  would  pipe  his  part  such  daunces  as  he  can  : 

Or  els  Apollo  musicke  make,  and  Mars  would  be  your  man. 

And,  to  be  short,  asmuch  as  Gods  and  men  may  doe, 

So  much  your  Highnesse  here  may  finde,  with  faith  and  favour  too. 

But  if  your  noble  mynde,  resolved  by  decree, 

Be  not  content  by  me  Desire  perswaded  for  to  be ; 

Then  bende  your  willing  ears  unto  my  willing  note  ; 

And  heare  what  song  theGods  themselves  have  taught  me  now  by  rote : 

Give  eare,  good  gratious  Queene,  and  so  you  shall  perceive 

That  Gods  in  heaven,  and  men  on  earth,  are  loath  such  Queenes  to  leave. 

Herewith  the  consort  of  musicke  sounded,  and  Deepedesire  sung  this  Song : 

Come,  Muses,  come,  and  help  me  to  lament, 

Come  woods,  come  waves,  come  hills,  come  doleful  dales, 
Since  life  and  death  are  both  against  me  bent, 

Come  gods,  come  men,  beare  witnesse  of  my  bales. 
O  heavenly  Nimphs,  come  help  my  heavy  heart ; 
With  sighes  to  see  Dame  Pleasure  thus  depart. 

If  death  or  dole  could  daunt  a  deepe  desire, 

If  privie  pangs  could  counterpoise  my  plaint : 
If  tract  of  time  a  true  intent  could  tire, 

Or  cramps  of  care  a  constant  minde  could  taint : 
Oh  then  might  I  at  will  here  live  and  serve ; 
Although  my  deeds  did  more  delight  deserve. 


THE    PRINCELY   PLEASURES   AT   KENELWORTH    CASTLE,  1575-  523 

But  out,  alas !  no  gripes  of  greefe  suffice 

To  breake  in  twaine  this  harmlesse  heart  of  mine  ; 
For  though  delight  be  banisht  from  mine  eyes, 
Yet  lives  Desire,  whom  paines  can  never  pine. 
Oh  straunge  effects,  I  live  which  seems  to  die, 
Yet  died  to  see  my  deere  delight  go  by. 

Then  farewell  sweet,  for  whom  I  taste  such  sower ;  , 

Farewell  delight,  for  whom  I  dwell  in  dole  ; 
Free  will,  farewell,  farewell  my  fancies  flower, 
Farewell  content,  whom  cruell  cares  controle. 
Oh  farewell  life,  delightful  death,  farewell ; 
I  dye  in  heaven,  yet  live  in  darksome  hell. 

This  song  being  ended,  the  musick  ceased,  and  Silvanus  concluded  thus : 

Most  gracious  Queene,  as  it  should  but  evil  have  beseemed  a  God  to  be  founde 
fraudulent  or  deceiptfull  in  his  speech  :  so  have  I  neither  recompted  nor  foretolde 
any  thing  unto  your  Majestie,  but  that  which  you  have  nowe  founde  true  by  ex- 
perience ;  and  because  the  case  is  very  lamentable,  in  the  conversion  of  Deepe- 
desire,  as  also  because  they  knowe  that  your  Majestie  is  so  highly  favoured  of  the 
Gods,  that  they  will  not  deny  you  any  reasonable  request ;  therefore  I  do  humbly 
crave  in  his  behalfe,  that  you  would  either  be  a  suter  for  him  unto  the  heavenly 
powers,  or  else  but  only  to  give  your  gracious  consent  that  hee  may  be  restored 
to  his  prystinate  estate.  Whereat  your  Highnesse  may  be  assured,  that  heaven 
will  smile,  the  earth  will  quake,  men  will  clap  their  hands,  and  I  will  alwayes 
continue  an  humble  beseecher  for  the  flourishing  estate  of  your  royal  person  ; 
whom  God  now  and  ever  preserve,  to  his  good  pleasure,  and  our  great  comfort. 
Amen. 

Tarn  Martiy  quarn  Mercurio. 


524    LETTERS  OF  THE  EARL  OF  LEICESTER  TO  LORD  BURLEIGH,  1575. 


%*  The  three  following  Letters  \  written  a  short  time  before  the  Earl  of 
Leicester  was  honoured  with  the  Royal  Visit,  afford  a  good  specimen  of 
that  Nobleman's  epistolary  correspondence3  : 

1.  "  My  L.  Wher  at  your  late  being  here,  I  conferred  with  you  about  the  no- 
mination of  such  as  should  be  put  into  the  graunt  for  her  Matie  touching  Concealed 
Wards,  &c.  your  L.  then  named  old  Mr.  Walker;  and  I  named  my  friend  Mr. 
Townyshend3  this  berer,  whom  your  L.  did  well  allow  of :  I  have  synce  talkyd 
with  him  ;  and  ys  at  my  request  very  well  contented  to  use  his  name,  and  take 
any  frendly  peanes  for  me;  and  as  he  is  every  way  a  very  suflfycient  man,  so  have 
I  had  sundry  ways  very  good  proofe,  as  well  thereof,  as  of  his  dyscretion  and 
judgement  in  hys  doings,  besyde  those  I  have  thought  good  to  send  to  your  L.  to 
talk  withall ;  and  to  lett  him  understand  your  pleassure  touching  this  matter,  yf 
ther  be  any  thing  that  you  shall  think  good  to  impart,  bycause  he  ys  to  joyne  with 
him  that  you  appoint  for  the  said  servyce. 

"  I  have  to  thank  your  L.  also  very  hartely,  perceiving  by  Hen.  Hawthorn  that 
your  L.  is  plesed  to  help  me  that  I  may  have  some  stone  toward  the  making  a 
lytle  banquett-house  in  my  garden.     Yf  yt  please  your  L.  to  lett  him  know  your 

*  From  the  Harleian  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum,  6992,  3,  4,  5. 

•  Sir  Robert  Naunton,  speaking  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester's  letters  and  writings,  which  should  best 
set  him  off,  says,  "  I  never  saw  a  style  or  phrase  more  seeming  religious,  and  fuller  of  the  streams  of 
devotion,  than  they  were."  Fragmenta  Regalia,  p.  25. — Many  of  the  Earl's  letters  to  Gilbert  Earl  of 
Shrewsbury  are  preserved  among  the  very  curious  "  Unpublished  Talbot  Papers"  in  the  College  of 
Arms.  Among  these  are,  Apologies  for  sending  for  Lord  Talbot  to  Court,  March  13,  1570-1 ;  a 
patent  of  High  Stewardship  of  all  his  lands,  as  a  token  of  friendship ;  from  the  Court,  May  26, 
1571.  A  wish  to  relinquish  his  troublesome  office  of  Deputy  High  Marshal;  and  complaining  that 
his  conduct  had  been  misrepresented  with  respect  to  certain  manors  in  Oxfordshire ;  July  5.  Trea- 
chery of  Circar,  one  of  Shrewsbury's  Chaplains,  and  Howarth,  another  Clergyman ;  he  calls  them 
"Devilish  Divines;"  Jan.  30,  1571-2.  Professions  of  excessive  friendship;  Feb.  3.  The  Queen's 
favour  to  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury,  June  7,  1575.  Dr.  Mey's  suit  for  a  bishoprick  successful;  mis- 
conduct of  Rolston,  a  servant  of  Shrewsbury's,  at  Sheffield,  Dec.  4,  1576.  Compliments  and  assur- 
ances of  the  Queen's  favour,  Jan.  18, 1580-1.  Beseeching  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  to  permit  Lord 
Talbot  to  remain  at  the  Court;  Nonsuch,  April  19,  1585.  Had  presented  his  very  fat  stag  to  the 
Queen  ;  Greenwich,  April  27  (year  not  mentioned) ;  &c.  &c.  &e. 

3  Q.  Sir  Henry  Townshend,  Justice  of  Chester,  &c.  who  (it  is  believed)  has  a  monument  at  Lud- 
low, and  was  father  of  Hay  ward  Townshend,  Author  of  the  Historical  Collections. 


LETTERS    OF   THE    EARL   OF   LEICESTER   TO    LORD    BURLEIGH,  1575-  525 

further  mynde  touching  the  same,  the  pleassure  wil  be  great  you  doe  me,  and  I 
wyll  [be]  reddy  [to]  the  best  of  my  power  to  requyte.     And  so  comytting  your 
L.  to  the  Almighty,  the  17th  of  May  [1575],  Your  L.  veary  frend,  R.  Leycester. 
To  my  very  good  L.  the  L.  Burley,  High  Treasorer  of  England,  &c. 

2.  "  My  L.  Hit  hath  pleased  her  Matie  to  signe  the  book  of  Concealed  Wardes 
as  hit  was  sent  by  your  L.  Fayne  wold  her  Matie  have  yt  but  during  my  lyfe ; 
which,  as  I  told  her  Matie,  being  only  a  casuall  thing,  I  wold  by  no  meanes  deal 
withall ;  neither  could  I  yet  tell  what  benyfytt  wold  or  should  grow  to  me.  Sure 
I  was,  yf  any  should,  her  Majesties  person  was  best  and  surest.  Now  being  done 
as  it  ys,  I  have  thought  good  to  send  it  to  your  L.  that  you  will  see  assurances 
made  from  such  as  are  named  grantees  to  us,  which  I  refer  to  your  L.  best  dys- 
cretion,  as  also  what  you  shall  think  meete  to  consider  of,  for  the  use  of  their 
names,  as  for  such  as  shall  follow  her  sewte.  For  which  cause  I  have  sent  Joh. 
Dudjey  to  attend  your  L. ;  and  what  order  your  L.  shall  think  best,  I  wyll  assent 
unto  it.  Or  whether  you  wyll  make  your  profe  first  agenst  the  next  Terme,  to  see 
what  they  will  deserve.  All  which  I  referre  to  your  L.  And  so  commyttyng 
your  L.  to  the  Almighty,  doe  byd  you  for  this  time  farewell.  In  hast,  this  Tues- 
day morning  [June  2l],  Your  L.  assured,  R.  Leycester. 

To  the  Right  Honorable  my  very  good  L.  the  Lord  High  Treasorer  of  England." 

3.  "  My  good  L.  The  great  expectation  I  had  of  your  being  here  before  this 
tyme,  hath  caused  me  to  be  more  sylent  to  you  then  ells  I  had  been ;  but  finding 
your  coming  yet  doubtfull  (albeyt  I  hope  Kenelworth  l  shall  not  mysse  you),  I 
will  lett  your  L.  understand  such  newes  as  we  have,  which  ys  only  and  chefely  of 
her  Majesties  good  health,  which,  God  be  thanked,  ys  as  good  as  I  have  long 
known  yt;  and  for  her  lyking  of  this  house2,  I  assure  your  L.  I  think  she  never 
came  to  place  in  her  lyfe  she  lyked  better,  or  commended  more  ;  and  aynce  her 
coming  hither,  as  oft  as  wether  serves,  she  has  not  been  within-dores.  The  howse 
lykes  her  well,  and  her  owen  lodgings  specyally.  She  thinks  her  cost  well  be- 
stowed, she  sayth,  yf  it  had  been  five  times  as  much :  but  I  wold  her  Majesty 

1  His  own  house,  given  him  by  the  Queen.     See  before,  p.  190. 

*  It  is  not  very  certain  at  which  of  the  Royal  Houses  the  Queen  was  then  resident.  Probably  at 
Grafton ;  as  she  passed  through  Northamptonshire ;  and  messengers  were  dispatched  for  ale  both  to 
London  and  Kenilworth. — Or  was  it  at  Havering? — Of  Grafton,  see  before,  p.  254. 


526  LETTERS    OF   THE    EARL    OF    LEICESTER   TO    LORD    BURLEIGH,  1575- 

wold  bestowe  but  half  as  much  more,  and  then  I  think  she  should  have  as  plea- 
sant and  comodyus  a  howse  as  any  in  England.  I  .am  sorry  your  L.-ys  not  here 
to  se  yt.  Even  by  and  by  her  Majesty  ys  going  to  the  Forest,  to  kill  some  bucks 
with  her  bowe,  as  she  hath  done  in  the  Park  this  morning.  God  be  thanked,  she 
is  very  merry.  But  at  her  first  coming,  being  a  marvelous  hott  day  at  her  coming 
hither,  not  one  drop  of  good  drink  for  her,  so  ill  was  she  provyded  for,  notwith- 
standing her  oft  telling  of  her  comyng  hither ;  but  we  were  fain  to  send  to  London 
with  bottells,  to  Kenelworth,  to  divers  other  places  where  ale  was.  Her  own  here 
was  such,  as  there  was  no  man  able  to  drink  it ;  yt  had  been  as  good  to  have 
drank  malmsey  ;  and  yet  was  it  laid  in  about  three  dayes  before  her  Majesty  came. 
Hit  did  put  her  very  farr  out  of  temper,  and  almost  all  the  company  beside  so  : 
for  none  of  us  all  was  able  to  drink  either  bere  or  ale  here.  Synce,  by  chance, 
we  have  found  drink  for  her  to  her  lykyng,  and  she  is  well  agayn  :  but  I  feared 
greatly,  two  or  three  dayes,  some  sickness  to  have  fallen  by  reason  of  this  drynk. 
God  be  thanked,  she  is  now  perfect  well  and  merry ;  and  I  think,  upon  Thursday 
come  se'nnight,  will  take  her  journey  towards  Kenelworth,  whear  I  pray  God  she 
may  lyke  all  things  no  worse  than  she  hath  done  here:  I  hope  the  better  by  the 
good  newes.  For  the  graunt  of  her  Majesty  touching  the  Concealed  Wards,  &c. 
as  I  have  to  thank  your  L.  for  the  friendly  dealings,  so  will  I  be  no  whit  the  less 
thankfull  than  I  have  promised ;  and  therof  your  L.  assure  yourself,  though  it 
please  you  to  refer  it  to  my  consideration.  It  shall  be  even  as  I  offered  your  L. 
at  first,  and  so  shall  your  own  dealers  be  the  doers  as  myne.  And  as  I  know  your 
L.  charge  to  be  as  myne,  and  as  your  place  required,  so  wold  it  did  lye  in  me,  or 
may  lye  in  me,  to  help  to  better  yt ;  as  you  shall  sone  find,  when  the  occasion 
shall  offer,  that  I  will  deal  no  less,  but  more  earnestly  than  for  myself;  for  so  I 
may  do;  and  what  your  L.  shall  impart  unto  me  at  any  time  for  the  accomplish- 
ment hereof,  ye  shall  se  how  willingly  and  carefully  I  will  deal  in  yt.  And  so 
wishing  you  good  health,  and  alway  well  to  do,  with  my  most  hearty  commenda- 
tions, will  byd  your  L.  farewell.  In  some  hast,  reddy  to  ryde,  this  Tuesday  to- 
ward evening  [June  18],  Your  assured  friend,  R.  Leycester. 

Her  Majesty  has  signed  my  other  book  also  ;  but  no  years  after  death. 

To  the  Right  Honourable  my  very  good  L.  the  Lord  Burley,  L.  Tresorer 
of  England,  &c." 


NEW-YEAR'S    GIFTS   TO   THE    ftUEEN    BY   THE    EARL   OF    LEICESTER.  527 


I  shall  now  extract,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  collect  them,  the  various  New- 
year's  Gifts  presented  to  the  Queen  by  the  Earl  of  Leicester  1 ;  who  regularly  had 
in  return  about  100  ounces  of  gilt  plate. 

In   1571-2  that  distinguished   Favourite's  New-year's  Gift  to  the  Queen  was, 
"  one  armlet  or  skakell   of  golde,  all  over  fairely  garnished  with  rubyes  and  dya- 
mondes,  haveing  in  the  closing  thearof  a  clocke,  and  in  the  fore  parte  of  the  same 
a  fayre  lozengie  dyamonde  without  a  foyle,  hanging  thearat  a  rounde  juell  fully 
garnished  with  dyamondes,  and  perle  pendant ;  weying  11  oz.  qua  dim',  and  far- 
thing golde  weight;  in  a  case  of  purple  vellate  all  over  embrauderid  with  Venice 
golde,  and  lyned  with  greene  vellat." — In  1 572-3,  "  one  riche  carkenet  or  collor  of 
golde,  haveing  in  it  two  emeraldes,  4  rubyes,  and  fully  garnished  with  small  rubyes 
and  dyamondes." — In    1573-4,   "a  fanne   of  white  fethers,   sett  in  a  handell  of 
golde;  the  one  side  thearof  garnished  with  two  very  fayre  emeraldes,  especially 
one,   and  fully  garnished  with  dyamondes  and  rubyes ;  and  the  backe  syde  and 
handle  of  lyke  golde,  garnished  with  dyamondes  and  rubyes  ;  and  on  each  syde  a 
white  beare  and  twoe  perles  hanging,  a  lyon  ramping  with  a  white  moseled  beare 
at  his  foote." — In  1574-5,  a  doublett  of  white  satten,  garnished  with  goldsmith's 
worke,  and  sett  with  18  very  fayre  payre  of  claspes  of  goldsmith's  worke  ena- 
muled,  every  paire  of  them  set  with  fyve  diamondes  and  eight  rubyes,  one  dia- 
monde  in  every  paire  bigger  than  the  rest,  one  of  the  smaller  dyamondes  lacking, 
with  a  fayre  pasmayne  lace  of  damaske  golde  and  damaske  silver2." — In  1575-6, 
"  a  juell,  being  a  crosse  of  golde,  conteyning  6  very  fayre  emeraldes,  whearof  two 
bigger  than  the  rest,  the  one  of  the  biggest  being  cracked,  and  3  large  perles  pen- 
daunte." — In  157^_7s  "  a  coller  of  golde,  contayning  13  peeces,  whearin  are  13 
greate  emeraldes,  and   13  peeces  of  golde,  with   13  troches  of  perles,  5  perles  in 
every  troche,  and  in  every  peece  4  small  rubyes." — In  1577-8,  "  a  carcanett  of 
golde  enamuled,  9  peeces  whearof  are  garnished  with  sparcks  of  dyamondes  and 
rubyes,  and  every  one  of  them  a  pendante  of  golde  enamuled,  and  garnished  with 
smale  sparcks  of  rubyes,  and  an  ophall  in  the  rniddes.     Ten  other  peeces  of  golde 
lykewise  enamuled,  and  every  of  them  garnished  with  very  smale  dyamonds  ;  two 
large  raged   pearles  sett  with  a  rose  of  sparcks  of  rubyes,  and  every  of  the  two 
lesser  pearls  pendant,  and  a  pendant  of  golde,  and  in  every  peece  a  lozengye  dya- 
monde and  a  smale  rubye,  and  in  the  middes  a  large  pendant  of  golde  garnished 
with  meane  rubyes,  an   ophall,  and  a  meane  perle  pendant.     And  six   dosen   of 
buttons  likewise  enamuled,  and  every   button   of    golde  garnished  with   smale 
sparcks  of  rubyes,  in   every  of  them  a  large  ragedd  pearle." — In  the  Progress  of 
1578  the  Earl  gave  the  Queen3,  "oone  faire  cup  of  cristall  fationed  like  a  slipper, 

1  In  the  New-year's  Gifts  to  Queen  Mary,  1556-7,  is  "a  faire  purse,  with  ^.10.  half  soveraigns" 
presented  by  the  Lord  Robert  Dudley,  in  return  for  a  gilt  cup,  weighing  20  ounces  and  a  half. 

*  Amongst  other  Gifts  to  the  Queen  when  at  Killingwortb,  in  1575,  was  "a  jewell,  being  a  grey- 
hound gold,"  &c.  presented  by  the  Lady  Howard. 

3  This  was  on  occasion  of  his  marriage;  of  which  see  under  the  year  15/8.  See  also  more  of  him 
under  the  years  1581,  1584,  and  1588. 


528         new-year's  gifts  to  the  q,ueen  by  THE  EARL  OF  LEICESTER. 

garnished  with  golde,  and  a  cover  of  golde,  enamaeled,  with  white  faulcone  in  the 
toppe,  weighing  30|  ounces."  —  In  1578-9,  "  a  very  faire  juel  of  golde,  being  a 
clocke  fully  furnished  with  small  diamondes  and  rubyes :  abowte  the  same  are  six 
bigger  diamondes  pointed,  and  a  pendaunte  of  golde,  diamonds,  and  rubyes,  very 
smale  ;  and  upon  eche  side  a  losengye  diamonde,  and  an  apple  of  golde  enamuled 
greene  and  russet." — In  1579-80,  "  two  bodkyns  of  golde;  in  the  topp  of  the  one 
is  a  very  fayre  table  dyamonde,  garnished  aboute  with  smale  rubyes ;  and  in  the 
toppe  of  the  other  is  a  very  fayre  rubye  garnished  aboute  with  smale  diamondes,  and 
a  capp  of  black  velvet,  with  abroweke  of  golde,  garnished  with  18  diamondes,  and 
abande  abowte  it,  with  14  buttons  of  golde,  garnished  with  dyamonds,  being  raged 
staves  and  true-love  knotts,  garnished  with  rubyes  and  dyamondes,  and  36*  smale  but- 
tons, being  true-knotts  and  raged  staves." — In  1580-I,  "  a  cheyne  of  golde,  made 
lyke  a  payre  of  beades,  contayning  8  long  peeces,  fully  garnished  with  small  dia- 
mondes, and  fower  score  and  one  smaller  peeces,  fullie  garnished  with  like  dia- 
mondes; and  hanging  thereat  a  rounde  clocke  fullie  garnished  with  dyamondes,  and 
an  appendante  of  diamondes  hanging  thearat." — In  158 1-2,  "a  litle  boke  of  golde, 
enamuled, garnished  and  furnished  with  smale  diamondes  and  rubyes,  bothe  claspes, 
and  all  hanging  at  a  chayne  of  golde,  viz.  6  peces  of  golde  enamuled,  two  of  them 
garnished  with  raged  staves  of  smale  sparcks  of  diamondes,  and  4  of  them  in  eche, 
2  smale  diamonds  and  two  smale  sparcks  of  rubyes,  16  lesser  peeces  of  gold,  in 
every  of  them  a  smale  diamonde,  and  also  24  peeces  of  gold,  in  every  of  them  4 
perles,  with  a  ring  of  gold  to  hang  it  by." — In  15S2-3,  "a  faire  juell  of  golde, 
being  a  carkenet,  contayning  20  peeces,  being  letters  and  a  sipher  in  the  midest, 
all  garnished  with  smale  dyamonds,  and  betwene  every  letter  2  perles,  and  every 
letter  having  a  smale  diamond  pendant ;  and  at  thesipher  a  pendant  garnished  with 
smale  dyamonds,  and  3  smale  rock  rubyes  in  3  of  the  said  peeces." — In  1583-4, 
"a  faire  juell  of  golde,  being  a  chaine,  contayning  24  knotts  lyke  bonser  knotts, 
12  matreues  knotts,  and  12  lytle  seenkfoyles,  all  garnished  with  smale  dyamonds 
on  thone  side,  and  a  key  of  golde  hanging  at  it,  garnished  on  thone  side  with  like 
diamondes." — In  1 584-5,  "  a  sable  skynne,  the  hedd  and  four  feete  of  gold,  fully 
garnished  with  dyamonds  and  rubyes  of  sundry  sorts." — In  1585-6",  "  one  fold  of 
perle,  contayning  101  juells  thearat  hanging,  with  one  greate  table  diamonde  in 
the  midest,  2  rubyes  on  eche  side;  the  residue  of  the  juell  garnished  with  14 
smale  diamonds  on  thone  side  of  the  same  juell,  the  other  side  inamuled  with  a 
peare  pearle ;  all  together  with  the  lace  2  oz.  qa.  dim'." — In  1586-7  l,  "  a  purse  of 
golde,  enamuled,  and  garnished  with  smale  diamondes,  rubies,  and  ophalls  of 
sundry  bignesses,  and  a  blewe  saphire  in  the  topp,  with  2  strings,  having  pendants 
of  perles  of  sundry  bignesses  hanging  at  a  smale  chaine  of  golde;  and  one  bracelet  of 
golde,  contayning  6  peeces,  4  peeces  like  crosses,  2  peeces  like  half  crosses,  fully 
furnished  with  diamondes,  rubyes,  and  perles  of  sundry  bignesses,  on  thone  side, 
with  a  rowe  of  perles  and  smale  rubyes  on  eche  side  of  the  said  bracelet  enamuled." 

1  This  is  the  last  time  I  find  the  Earl  of  Leicester's  name  among  the  New-year's  Gifts.  He  died  in  1588. 


529 


The  Queen's  removal  from  Kenilworth  was  to  Lichfield,  where  she  continued 
eight  days ;  and  enjoyed  a  grand  musical  l  treat  by  attending  divine  service  in 
that  noble  Cathedral  2.  Within  that  period  also  she  seems  to  have  made  excur- 
sions into  the  neighbourhood3. 

The  following  curious  document  was  communicated  by  Mr.  Sharp  of  Coventry : 

Accompte  of  Symon  Byddull  and  John  Walkelet,  Baylieffs  and  Justic's  of  Peace 
within  the  Cyttye  of  Lich',  from  St  James  Apostle,  1575  to  1576. 

Charges  when  the  Queene's  Matie  was  at  the  Cyttye  of  Lich',  A0  1575. 

(July  27  to  Aug.  3.) 
Imp  mis,  to  the  Queenes  most  excellent  Matie  in  golde 
It'm,  for  charges  for  viij  dayes,  when  the  Queene's  Matie  was  here,  as 

appeareth  by  p'tyculers  in  the  booke,  to  the  some  of 
It'm,  paid  to  Thomas  Harvye,  for  poles  for  the  scaffold 
It'm,  to  olde  Bate,  for  goinge  to  Mr  Sprott     - 
Wm  Hollcroft,  for  kepynge  Madde  Richard  when  her   Matie 

was  here  -------- 

It'm,  to  Gregorye  Ballard's  Maid,  for  brynginge  checkyns 

It'm,  to  the  Pavyoures,  for  pavynge  about  the  M'ket  Crosse    - 

It'm,  bestowed  upon  the  Harbengers  at  Widdowe  Hills 

It'm,  for  payntynge  the  M'kett  Crosse  - 

It'm,  to  Gostalowe,  for  takynge  downe  the  skaffold     - 

It'm,  to  the  Queene's  Maties  Harbengers  - 

It'm,  to  the  Clerke  of  the  Mrkett       - 

1  The  Queen's  fondness  for  music  has  more  than  once  been  noticed  (see  pp.  293,  48*.)  and  mav 
be  judged  of  from  the  following  anecdote  :  "  In  1565  Henry  Lord  Berkeley  bought  a  lute  of  mother- 
of-pearl  for  his  Lady,  for  which  Queen  Elizabeth  had  offered  100  marks.  This  lute  Lord  Berkeley, 
about  ten  years  after,  gave  to  the  Countess  Dowager  of  Derby,  whom  in  his  widower's  freedom  he 
called  his  Mistress." — This  lute  was,  about  the  year  1810,  in  the  possession  of  the  late  Mrs.  Jordan 
the  actress,  who  had  bought  it  at  a  sale.     Fosbroke's  Extracts  from  the  Berkeley  MSS.  p.  192. 

*  The  Queen  appears  regularly  to  have  attended  on  the  Sunday  mornings  at  the  Parish  Church  of 
Kenilworth.  After  divine  service,  balls  and  tiltings  filled  up  the  afternoon  ;  and  on  one  Sunday  a 
masque  was  intended. 

1  The  following  entry  is  taken  from  the  Parish  Register  of  Alrewas,  a  village  five  mile9  from  Lich- 
field :  "  Elizabetha  Regina  rediebat  Lichfeldiae  30  die  mensis  Julii,  et  illic  remanebat  usque  ad  tertiam 
diem  mensis  Augusti,  anno  Domini  1575." 

VOL.  I.  3    Y 


0 

s. 

d. 

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0 

0 

7 

10 

6 

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8 

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19 

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0 

530  THE    GIUEEN    AT    LICHFIELD,  1575. 

• 

It'm,  to  the  Fotemen  ______ 

It'm,  to  the  Messengers  of  the  Chamber        - 

It'm,  to  the  Trumppettors 

It'm,  to  the  Trumpettors,  at  the  tyme  of  p'clamc'on,  made  by  the 

Clerke  of  the  Mrket 
It'm,  to  the  Knyght  M'shall's  men     - 

Yomen  of  the  bottells    -  - 

It'm,  to  Robes  -  -  -  -  -  - 

the  Queene's  Porter's  -  - 

Keeper  of  Mr  Raffe  Boo's  tent    - 

Blacke  Gards      ______ 

them  of  the  P'vye  backhowse  -  - 

It'm,  to  the  Slawghter  men    ------ 

It'm,  to  the  Queene's  Coachemen       - 

Post  maister       ------- 

Sergiant  of  Armes  - 

-__——-—-—  Harrolde  of  Armes         - 

Yoman  that  caryed  the  sworde     -  -  - 

Yoman  that  caryed  the  mrce       - 

—  Yoman  that  surveyed  the  wayes  for  ye  Queene     - 


Mr  Cartwright,  that  shuld  have  made  the  Orac'on 
the  Ringers  of  Saynt  Marye's  Churche 


It'm,  for  ij   dayes  laborynge  at  Longbridge,  to  cast  downe  the  waye 

for  the  Queene's  Maties  comynge   - 
It'm,  for  mendyng  the  dyche  in  akeryard       - 
It'm,  to  Gregorye  Ballard,  for  goinge  wth  1'res  to  Kyllyngworthe 

Kelynge,  for  payntynge  and  mendyng  the  geylehall   - 

Rob'rt  Dale,  for  salt  fysshe    ----- 

Wyddowe  Hill,  for  ij  dos'  waxe  torches,  and  one  lyncke 

Nycholas  Smyth,  for  victualls  - 

James  Oliver,  for  beare  -  - 

vi  men,  to  go  wth  the  Queene's  treasure  to  Rydgeley  l 

1  Rugeley,  to  which  place  the  Queen's  "  Treasure"  was  carried,  is  a  market  town  in  the  direct  road 
between  Lichfield  and  Stafford. 


i£. 

s. 

d. 

3 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

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0 

10 

0 

0 

13 

4 

0 

13 

4 

0 

2 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

2 

6 

1 

0 

0 

0 

3 

4 

0 

3 

4 

0 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

•i 

(sic.) 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

6 

8 

5 

0 

0 

1 

4 

0 

0 

7 

4 

0 

0 

6 

0 

3 

4 

0 

3 

10 

0 

6 

0 

1 

4 

0 

1 

17 

1 

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12 

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8 

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l 

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4 

THE    GtUEEN    AT    LICHFIELD,  1575.  531 

Other  Extracts  from  the  "Charges  Extraordinary"  of  the  year,  appearing  to  be 
connected  with  the  Queen's  Visit,  are  as  follow  : 

It'm,  to  Thomas  Ylseleye,  for  goinge  to  Kyllyngworthe,  with  our   =g.    s.    d. 

Charter     -  -'--'■ 

Kyllam  Hawks,  for  a  horse  hyre  to  Kyllyngworthe 

to  my  Lorde  of  Warwyk's  Players  l  - 

Kyllam  Hawkes,  for  a  horse  hyre  to  Worcester 

It'm,  given  to  the  Queene's  Bearward  in  reward 

By  a  Letter  from  Sir  Thomas  Smith  2,  then  Principal  Secretary  to  the  Queen, 
and  an  Attendant  on  her  Majesty  in  this  Progress,  it  appears  that  she  proceeded 

1  In  1574  the  Queen  granted  a  Licence  to  James  Burbage,  John  Perkyn,  John  Lanham,  and  two 
others,  servants  to  the  Earl  of  Lycester,  to  exhibit  all  kinds  of  Stage-plays,  during  pleasure,  in  any 
part  of  England. 

a  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  whose  character  by  Fuller  has  been  given  in  p.  281,  was  bora  at  Saffron  Walden 

in  Essex,  the  son  of  John  Smith,  by  Agnes,  daughter  of  Charnocke,  of  Lancashire.     Having 

been  educated  at  Queen's  College  in  Cambridge,  he  was  sent  into  Italy  at  the  public  expence,  accord- 
ing to  the  laudable  custom  of  that  time,  and  upon  his  return  was  made  Greek  Professor,  and  Orator 
of  the  University  ;  and  afterwards  Professor  of  Civil  Law.  In  the  Reign  of  Edward  VI.  he  acquired 
the  favour  of  the  Protector,  who  appointed  him  one  of  the  King's  Secretaries,  Steward  of  the  Stan- 
neries,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  and  Provost  of  Eton  ;  but  Mary,  who  never  looked  for  merit  but  in  religious 
zeal,  deprived  him  of  these  offices,  giving  him,  however,  a  pension  for  his  life  of  .^.100  per  annum, 
upon  condition,  that  he  should  not  quit  the  island.  Elizabeth  restored  him  to  the  place  of  Secretary ; 
chose  him  to  assist  her  Committee  of  Divines  in  altering  the  Liturgy,  and  afterwards  employed  him 
in  several  embassies,  which  he  performed  with  great  credit.  He  was  a  very  learned  man  for  those 
days,  and  so  fond  of  the  study  of  languages,  that  in  the  midst  of  his  political  engagements  he  found 
time  to  compose  some  tracts  on  the  Greek  and  English,  and  made  a  wild  attempt  to  alter  the  alpha- 
bet and  orthography  of  the  latter,  which  fortunately  proved  unsuccessful.  He  wrote  likewise  on  the 
Commonwealth  of  England,  and  on  Parliaments  ;  and  was  an  eminent  patron  of  literary  bodies ;  of 
which  the  Universities  have  a  lasting  memorial  in  that  excellent  law  which  directs  a  third  part  of  their 
rents  to  be  paid  in  corn,  for  he  framed  the  bill,  and  brought  it  into  the  House  of  Commons.  The 
Free-school  at  Saffron  Walden,  originally  endowed  by  private  benefactions,  was  declared  by  King 
Edward  VI.  (through  the  interest  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith)  to  be  a  Royal  Foundation,  with  good  emolu- 
ment from  that  liberal  young  Monarch. 

Sir  Thomas  Smith  was  twice  married,  but  left  no  issue,  except  a  natural  son,  who  died  in  Ireland. 
His  first  wife  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  William  Carkyke,  of  London.  His  second,  Philippa,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Wilford,  and  relict  of  Sir  John  Hampden.  He  died,  at  his  seat  of  Mount  Hall  in  Essex, 
of  an  asthma,  with  which  he  had  long  been  afflicted,  Augu6t  12,  1576,  aged  6'5  ;  and  bequeathed  to 
his  Royal  Mistress  "  a  bowl  of  silver  gilt,"  which  the  Queen  received  in  her  Progress  of  1575. 

Another  excellent  scholar,  Gabriel  Harvey  a  native  also  of  Saffron  Walden,  and  a  relation  of  Sir 
Thomas  Smith,  will  be  noticed  hereafter,  under  the  year  1578. 


532  THE    aUEEN    AT    STAFFORD,  CHILLINGTON,  &C.    1575. 

from  Lichfield  to  Chartley  Castle,  an  antient  seat  of  the  noble  family  of  De  Fer- 
rariis,  at  that  time  the  property  of  Walter  Devereux,  Earl  of  Essex  l ;  whose 
great  grandfather,  Sir  Walter  Devereux,  had  obtained  that  baronial  residence  by 
marriage  with  Anne,  daughter  and  heir  of  William  Lord  Ferrers  of  Chartley ; 
and  was  himself  summoned  to  Parliament  in  1461  as  Lord  Ferrers  of  Chartley  2. 

From  Chartley  the  Queen  proceeded  to  Stafford  Castle,  the  then  Baronial 
Residence  of  Edward  Lord  Stafford3.  Of  this  Visit  some  particulars  are  most 
probably  preserved  in  the  Records  of  the  Corporation  ;  but  I  have  not  met  with 
more  than  the  following  anecdote  : 

"  Queen  Elizabeth  asking  what  was  the  cause  of  the  decay  of  the  Town,  was 
answered,  that  the  decay  of  Capping  was  one  cause ;  and  another,  that  the 
Assizes  were  taken  away  from  the  Town.  To  which  her  Majesty  replied,  that 
she  would  renew  and  establish  better  the  statute  for  Capping,  and  for  the  Assizes, 
she  gave  her  promise  that  the  same. should  ever  after  be  kept  at  Stafford4. 

After  quitting  Stafford,  the  Queen  was  entertained  at  Chillington  by  John  Gif- 
fard5,  Esq.  who  had  been  High  Sheriff  of  Staffordshire  in  1573  ;  an  office  which 
several  of  his  ancestors  (some  of  them  of  knightly  degree)  had  honourably  sus- 
tained in  that  and  the  two  preceding  centuries6.     The  wife  of  this  Mr.  Giffard 

1  His  grandson  was  created  Viscount  Hereford  in  1459-60  ;  and  in  1572  the  Earldom  of  Essex  was 
conferred  on  Walter  the  second  Viscount,  who  died  in  1576. 

2  Chartley  is  remarkable  as  having  been  for  some  time  the  prison  of  the  unfortunate  Mary  Queen 
of  Scots ;  and  here  was  a  bed  wrought  by  her  during  her  confinement.  The  ancient  edifice  was 
built  round  a  Court.  It  was  curiously  made  of  wood,  the  sides  carved,  and  the  top  embattled  as 
represented  in  Plott's  History.  The  arms  of  the  Devereux,  with  the  devices  of  the  Ferrers  and  Gar- 
nishes, were  in  the  windows  and  in  many  parts  within  and  without  the  house ;  which  was  destroyed 
accidentally  by  fire  in  1781,  and  scarcely  any  thing  but  the  moat  which  surrounded  it  remains  to  mark 
its  site. — Chartley  is  now  the  property  of  Robert  Shirley,  Earl  Ferrers,  into  whose  family  it  came  by 
the  marriage  of  his  immediate  ancestor,  Sir  Henry  Shirley,  with  Lady  Dorothy,  daughter  of  Robert 
Devereux  second  Earl  of  Essex,  and  sister  and  heir  of  Robert  the  third  Earl. 

3  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  p.  139.         *  Dearie's  MS.  cited  in  Gough's  Camden,  vol.  II.  p.  389. 

5  Chillington  is  yet  in  the  family  of  Giffard  ;  and  Thomas  Giffard,  Esq.  is  possessed  of  a  large 
estate  in  the  County,  and  resides  at  this  ancient  seat.  The  house  seems  to  be  of  the  date  of  Henry  VIII. 
and  is  remarkable  for  the  various  forms  of  the  chimneys  and  doorways.   Harwood's  Erdeswick,  p.  123. 

6  Edward  Stafford,  third  Duke  of  Buckingham  of  that  family,  was  beheaded  in  1521.  His  son 
Henry,  by  an  Act  passed  in  the  same  year,  was  restored  in  blood,  but  not  to  his  honours  :  but  many 
of  the  lands  were  afterwards  restored  to  him,  particularly  the  Castle  and  Manor  of  Stafford.  In 
1  Edward  VI.  he  was  again  restored  in  blood,  and  being  summoned  to  Parliament,  was  placed  next  to 
Baron  Talbot.  He  was  a  man  of  learning  and  great  accomplishments ;  was  the  Compiler  of  the  Stafford 
MSS.  ;  and  died  in  1553.— His  son  Henry  Baron  Stafford  had  the  honour,  in  1575,  of  entertaining 


THE    GLUEEN    AT    HARTLEBURY    CASTLE    AND    WORCESTER,   1575-  533 

was  Eleanor,  the  youngest  of  the  two  daughters  of  Edmund  Brydges,  second 
Lord  Chandos,  K.  G.  by  Dorothy,  daughter  of  Edmund  Lord  Bray. 

On  the  12th  and  13th  of  August,  the  Queen  was  entertained  at  Hartlebury 
Castle  by  Dr.  Nicholas  Bullingham  l,  Bishop  of  Worcester. 

Of  the  Queen's  reception  at  Worcester  2,  the  following  description  is  extracted 
from  the  Chamber  Order  Book  of  that  City,  pp.  122—128  : 

"  Civitas  Wigorn'. — At  a  Convocation  and  Common  Council  holden  at  the 
Geld  Hall  of  the  said  Citie,  in  the  Councell  Chamber  there,  the  sixteenth  day  of 
July,  in  the  seventeenth2  year  of  the  reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lady  Elizabeth,  by 
the  grace  of  God,  England,  France,  and  Yerland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the 
Fayth,  &c. 

"  I.  Imprimis ;  for  as  much  as  it  is  reported  that  the  Queen's  Majestie  will 
come  to  this  Citie,  hit  is  agreed  that,  before  her  Majesties  comyng,  the  fower 
gates  shall  be  sett  in  some  decent  color,  viz.  in  an  ashe  color,  with  her  Majestie's 
arms  both  within  and  without. 

"II.  Item,  that  every  person  havyng  any  donghills  or  myskyns  and  timber 
within  the  Liberties  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  carryed  away  within  ten  days  next; 
and  so  shall  kepe  cleane  their  soyles,  and  pave  the  same  with  all  convenyent  spede. 
And  that  every  inhabitant  of  the  Foregate  Street,  the  Hygh  Street,  the  Broad 
Street,  Newport  Street,  and  so  on  to  the  Bridge  unto  the  end  of  the  Liberties, 
the  Leech  Lane,  Sudbury  Street,  to  the  end  of  the  Liberties  there,  shall  provide 
gravell  for  their  soyles. 

his  Royal  Mistress  in  the  old  Baronial  Castle  of  Stafford  ;  and  on  the  following  New-year's  Day  Lady 
Stafford  presented  to  the  Queen  "  a  pair  of  bracelets  of  gold,  set  with  agatha  beads,  and  other  stones." 
— This  Nobleman  died  without  issue  about  1580,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Edward,  who  was 
summoned  to  Parliament  23  Elizabeth.     Harwood's  Erdeswick,  p.  125. 

'  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  1559  3  and  of  Worcester,  1570.     He  died  April  IS,  1576. 

3  Green's  "Worcester,  1796,  vol.  I.  p.  295  j  and  Appendix,  p.  xxxvii. 

This  Visit  was  first  noticed  in  Garbett's  "  Survey  of  Worcester,"  published  with  plates  by  Valentine 
Green  in  1764  ;  but,  by  mis-calculating  "  the  17th  of  Elizabeth,"  the  date  is  there  erroneously  placed 
in  1574.  The  same  error  in  the  date  is  copied  by  Dr.  Nash,  and  again  by  Mr.  Green  in  1796.  Dr. 
Nash's  brief  account  is  taken  from  the  Collections  of  Archdeacon  Worth  and  Mr.  Broughton  of  Har- 
tlebury, supposed  to  be  the  writing  of  Bishop  of  Blandford.  And  Mr.  Garbett  says,  "The  Speech 
which  the  Queen  made  in  her  haranguement  of  the  populace,  is  preserved  in  MS  Notitia  of  the  late 
Chancellor  Price  in  the  Bishop's  Library  at  Hartlebury."  Tn  answer  to  an  enquiry  after  that  Speech 
which  I  took  the  liberty  of  making  in  1788,  I  was  informed  by  the  late  excellent  Bishop  Hurd  (whom 
I  am  proud  thus  to  mention  as  my  constant  and  friendly  Patron)  that  it  was  not  then  to  be  found  in 
the  Episcopal  Library. 


534  THE    GtUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575. 

"  III.  Item,  that  every  Inhabitant  within  the  Liberties  of  the  Citie  shall  forth- 
with whitlyme  and  color  their  howses  with  comeley  colours. 

"  IV.  Item,  that  the  Chamberlains  shall  set  out  very  comely  with  colors  the 
front  of  the  Geld  Hall,  with  gelding  the  Queen's  arms. 

"  V.  Item,  the  fouer  maces  and  the  Alderman's  staff  shall  be  gylt,  on  the  heds, 
the  fethers,  and  knots. 

"  VI.  Item,  two  Pageants,  or  Stages,  to  be  set  forward  ;  viz.  the  one  at  the 
Grass  Crosse,  and  the  other  in  St.  Albans  Street  end,  at  St.  Helen's  Church. 

"VII.  Item,  Mr.  Bell l,  as  Depute  to  Sir  John  Throckmorton2,  Knyght,  our 
Recorder,  to  be  spoken  with,  touching  the  Oration,  and  to  be  rewarded  for  his 
paynes.    • 

"VIII.  Item,  the  Grass  Cross  and  the  Cross  with*  Sidbury  to  be  set  in  colors, 
together  with  the  Kyng's  Pycture3  at  Sudbury  Gate. 

"  IX.  Item,  that  Mr.  Baylyffs,  Mr.  Aldermen,  and  the  High  Chamberlain,  in 
scarlett ;  and  to  have  their  horses  in  reddynes  at  Salt  Lane  end,  in  the  Foregate 
Street,  to  meet  her  Majestie,  and  to  beare  their  maces  on  horseback  before  her 
Majestie:  And  that  the  rest  of  the  number  of  the  24,  that  hath  been  Baylyffs,  in 
scarlett  gownes  faced  with  black  satten,  with  doubletts  of  satten,  on  foote ;  and 
the  other,  the  residue  of  them,  in  murrey  in  grayne;  and  the  48  in  their  liverey 
gownes  of  velvet  in  grayne,  faier  and  comeley,  with  the  rest  of  the  Freemen  and 
every  Occup'on  by  himself  in  their  gowns  and  other  decent  apparel,  on  a  row,  on 
the  East  side  of  the  said  street ;  and  before  every  Occupation  their  streamers  to 
be  holden. 

"  X.  Item,  that  the  livery  gownes  of  every  Company  of  the  Chamber  to  be 
viewd  by  Mr.  Baylyffs  and  their  Brethren,  and  to  be  comeley  and  decent. 

"XI.  Item,  that  Mr.  Dighton,  being  High  Baylyff,  at  the  next  Chamber  after 
the  Queen's  Majesties  dep'ture  from  this  City,  shall  be  by  this  House  considd, 
either  with  money  or  some  other  recompence,  in  cons11  as  well  for  taking  upon  the 
charge  of  his  office  for  this  year,  as  also  towards  his  extraordinary  charges  during 
her  Majesties  beyng  heere. 

"  XII.  Item,  a  fare  cupp  to  be  bought  at  London,  for  the  presenting  the  gyfte 

1  This  name  is  variously  written — Bell,  Bello,  and  Bellu. 

*  The  Recorder  of  Worcester,  the  Recorder  of  Coventry,  and  also  the  Sir  John  Throgmorion 
noticed  in  p.  197,  are  probably  one  and  the  same  person. 
J  The  Statue  of  a  King  now  unknown  ;  it  was  in  being  when  the  Gate  was  taken  down. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT   WORCESTER,  1575-  535 

to  the  Queen's  Majestie,  and  d£AO,  in  sov'raignes  and  angells  of  her  own  coign 
and  stamp. 

"  XIII.  Item,  that  Mr.  High  Bayliffs  shall  see  all  Officers  and  Servants  of  the 
Queen's  Majestie  to  be  paid  their  accustomed  fees  and  rewards. 

"XIV.  Item,  a  cupp  worth  ,^.10,  to  be  provided  and  bought,  to  present  Sir 
James  Croft,  Kn*,  Controller  of  the  Queen's  Majesties  howse,  for  his  councell  and 
friendship  shewed  to  this  Citie. 

"  XV.  Item,  it  is  agreed  that  ^.212  shall  be  levied  towards  the  charges  in 
receiving  the  Queen's  Majestie,  as  followeth  : 
Imprimis,  to  be  borrowed  out  of  the  Thresury  of  the  City  ^£.20. 
Item,  to  be  levied  by  the  way  of  tax  of  the  Chamber ;  viz.  ^£.96. — vi%.  of  every 

of  the  24,  40*. ;  and  of  the  48,  20*. 
Item,  of  the  Inhabitants,  Com'ons,  and  Citizens  of  the  Citie,  ^£.96. 

Collectors  of  the  24  charge,  Richard  Nicolls,  Richard  Darok. 

Collectors  of  the  48  charge,  Robert  Crosbye,  Thomas  Latye. 

"  XVI.  Item,  Mr.  Bayliffs  shall  nominate  the  Assessors  of  the  Commonaltie 
towards  their  charges  as  followeth  : 
The  High  Ward  ^.20. — John   Parton,    Stephen    Whitfoote,   Thomas   Ward, 

Thomas  Harley. 
Allhallow  Ward  ^£.20. — John  Harte,  Thomas  Spencer,  Thomas  Antony,  Thomas 

Porter. 
St.  Andrew  Ward  ^.13.  6s.  Sd. — Thomas  Handley,   Francis  Nott,   John  Case? 

Thomas  Yate. 
St.  Switin  Ward  ^£.13.  6s.  Sd. — Thomas  Adams,  John  Archer,  William  Blag. 

den,  John  Bradshaw. 
St.  Peters  Ward  ^£.13.  6s.  Sd. — Peter  Humphreys,  Will.  Cullambyne,   Rob. 

Shepherd,  Will.  Wythe. 
St.  Nicholas  Ward  ^£.13.  6s.  Sd.  —  R.  Howsman,  Hugh   Hollyngshead,   Ant. 

Wythe,  W.  Jackson. 
St.  Clement  ^.3. — Hugh  Chadock,  Harry  Kynnett,  with  the  Constables  of  each 

Ward. 

"  XVII.  Item,  it  is  agreed  that  there  be  in  a  readiness  17  post  horses  through 
the  Citie,  and  readie  to  shew. — The  High  Ward  4  post  horses;  Allhallow  Ward, 
2  ;  St.  Andrew  Ward,  2 ;  St.  Martin  Ward,  2  ;  St.  Peter's  Ward,  £ ;  Saint  Ni- 
cholas Ward,  2;  Saint  Clements  Ward,  1. 


53 6  THE    ftUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,  1575. 

THE    ORDER    OF     RECEIVING     THE     QUEEN'S     MAJESTIE,    WITH    A   BREEF 
DISCOURSE    OF    HER    CONTYNUED    MANNER    HERE. 

Viz.  On  Saturday  the  thirteenth  day  of  August,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  five  hundred  and  seventy-fyve,  and  in  the  17th  year  of  the  raigne  of 
our  most  victorious  and  Sovereign  Lady  Elizabeth,  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  Eng- 
land, France,  and  Yirland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  &c.  the  same  her 
Highness  came  towards  this  Citie  from  the  Castle  of  Hartlebury,  where  she  did 
rest  the  night  before  in  her  Progresse,  between  7  and  8  of  the  clock  in  the  after- 
noone  of  the  same  Saturday ;  and  did  alight  at  a  house  neer  to  the  same  Citie, 
called  Whyston's  Farme,  there  to  attier  herself,  in  that  respect  of  her  wyllyng 
good  mynde  to  shew  herself  comfortable  to  the  Cytyzens,  and  to  a  great  number 
of  people  of  all  countreys  ab*  her  assembled.  And,  after  a  little  space,  her 
Majestie  came  rydyng  upon  her  palfrey  towards  the  said  Citie.  And  in  the  con- 
fines of  the  Liberties  of  the  same  Citie,  beyng  at  Salt  Lane  end,  Mr.  Christ' 
Dighton  and  Mr.  Richd  Spark,  Bailiffs  of  the  sd  Citie,  Mr.  Thomas  Heywood 
and  Mr.  John  Coombs,  Aldermen  of  the  same,  and  Mr.  George  Warberton, 
High  Chamberlain  of  the  Citie  aforesd,  together  with  one  Mr.  William  Bell, 
Master  of  Arts,  supplying  the  place  and  room  of  Sir  John  Throckmorton, 
Knyght,  Recorder  of  the  sd  Citie,  together  with  others  to  the  nomber  of  12 
persons,  who  had  been  Baylyffs,  all  in  scarlett  gowns  faced  with  black  satten,  and 
the  residue  of  the  nomber  of  the  24  in  murrey  in  grayne  gownes,  and  all  the  48 
in  violett  in  grayne  gownes,  and  all  other  occupations^  All  occupations  standing 
on  a  row  on  the  East  side  of  the  Foregate-street,  in  their  best  apparell,  having 
severally  their  streamers  holden  before  ev'y  occup'on,  and  streching  up  very  near 
to  the  Foregate.  And  at  the  presence  of  her  Majestie  approaching  neer  to  the 
said  confines  of  the  sd  Liberties,  the  said  Baylyffs  and  all  the  residue  aforesd  on 
their  knees,  the  sd  Mr.  Bell,  an  Orator,  kneeling  betweene  the  sd  Baylyffs,  began 
in  grateful  words  and  feir  speeches  on  the  Cities  behalf  to  yeld  up  our  lib'ties 
unto  her  Majesties  hands,  by  their  maces ;  and  the  sd  Mr.  Dighton,  kyssing  his 
mace,  delivered  the  same  to  her  Majestie ;  the  wch  she,  bowing  her  body  towards 
hym,  rec'd  with  a  cheerful  countenance,  and  sd,  e  It  was  very  well.'  And  so  the 
residue,  viz.  Mr.  Lowe  Bayluff,  Mr.  Aldermen,  in  like  manner  yelding  up  their 
maces,  and  the  sd  High  Chamberlain  the  Alderman's  staff;  the  which  all  she 
rec'ed,  as  before,  and  re-delivered  the  same  again  severally  unto  others.     After 


THE    aUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   15/5-  537 

which  done,  they  all  resorted  again  to  their  places,  and  all  kneeling,  the  said 
Mr.  Bell  began  his  Oration  ;  wch  Oration  doth  appear  verbatim  in  the  beginning 
of  this  book,  for  lack  of  paper1. 

"  In  the  ende  of  wch  Oration  the  people  cried  with  lowd  voices,  *  God  save  yor 
Grace !  God  save  yor  Majestie  !'  Unto  whom  she  with  a  cheerful  countenance 
sayd  oftentimes,  '  I  thank  you,  I  thank  you  all.' 

"  This  Oration  being  ended,  and  as  well  of  her  Hyghness  as  of  all  the  rest  of 
the  Nobles  and  Honorable  and  others  attentively  harde,  and  by  her  Hyghness 
with  a  pryncelie  countenance  specially  noted  and  well  liked  of,  as  her  looks  gave 
wytness,  and  also  for  that  divers  Hono'able  afterwards  willd  to  have  copies  thereof; 
which  was  done  accordingly. 

"  The  said  Baylyffs,  Aldermen,  and  High  Chamberlain,  making  most  lowly 
abeysance  and  countenance  towards  her  Highness,  the  sd  Mr.  Bell  receivyng  from 
the  sd  Mr.  Dighton  the  sylver  cupp  wth  its  cover  dooble  gylt,  worth  ten  pounds  17 
and  2d,  the  fairest  that  mought  be  found  in  London,  and  in  the  same  cup  40 
pounds  in  half  sov'aigne  of  her  owne  quoyne  and  stamp,  the  wch  the  sd  Mr.  Digh- 
ton all  the  time  of  the  sd  Oration  held  openly  in  his  hand,  did  present  her  Ma- 
jestie therewith,  useing  or  uttering  certen  feir  speeche  and  words,  to  her  Highnes 
good  liking ;  and  she  receive  the  same,  gave  them  thanks  most  heartilie. 

ec  And  the  said  Baylyffs,  Aldermen,  Orator,  and  the  High  Chamberlain,  having 
their  horses  reddy  by  the  five  servants  apparelled  all  in  one  livery  of  Turkey 
co'ler,  mounted  on  horseback ;  and  were  placed  by  one  of  the  Gent.  Ushers  next 
before  the  Lord  Chamberlayne  bearing  her  Majesties  sword  before  her,  viz.  (next 
before  the  Lord  Chamberlain) ;  and  both  the  said  Baylyffs ;  then  the  two  Alder- 
men ;  and  next  before  them  the  Orator  and  the  Hygh  Chamberlain  ;  the  sd  Offi- 
cers carrying  their  maces.  And  then  her  Majestie  did  ryde  forward  towards  the 
Grass  Crosse,  with  lyghtes  plentifully  provided  by  the  Citizens  at  t^eir  doors, 
besides  the  Garde  and  others  appointed  by  order  of  the  House,  carrying  staff 
torches :  att  which  Cross  ther  was  a  Pageant,  or  Stage,  very  comely  decked  by 
Mr.  Ralph  Wyatt  and  Mr.  Thomas  Heywood,  apointed  for  that  purpose,  with 
three  boyes  uttering  very  good  and  dilectable  matter  in  their  speeches,  the  effect 
whereof  do  appear  in  the  beginning  of  this  book2;  whereunto  her  Highness  and 

'  See  in  p.  545  what  has  been  preserved  of  this  Oration.       9  These  Speeches  are  not  now  remaining. 
VOL.  i.  3  z 


538  THE    GLUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575. 

the  rest  did  give  very  attentive  yeare ;  and  so  ended,  tho  with  gret  cryeing  of  the 
people  as  before,  '  God  save  your  Majesty !' 

"  She  still  thanked  the  people  with  cherful  countenance. 

"l her  Majestie  to  Saynt  Ellyns  Church 

end,  wher  ther  was  one  other  Stage  or  Pageant,  likewise  deckd  by  the  sd  p'sons ; 
at  which  place  her  Majestie  and  the  rest  of  the  Honorable  with  as  good  liking  as 
before;  and  many  meery  speeches  and  countenance  proceeded  from  her  Majestie 
in  heering  of  three  boyes  ther  apoynted ;  the  effect  of  whose  speeches  do  also 
appear  in  the  begining  of  this  book2  amongst  the  others  before,  with  the  like 
cryeing  of  the  people,  and  her  Majesties  chereful  words  towards  the  people  as 
before,  and  so  good  liking  of  the  matter  as  (being  fowl  and  rayny  wether)  she 
called  for  her  cloke  and  hatt,  and  tarried  the  end 1  .  .  .  .  And  from  thence 
she  passed  towards  the  Cathedrall  Church ;  and  in  entering  into  the  porch, 
Nicholas  Bullyngh'm  the  Lord  Buyshop  of  Worcester,  with  Dr.  Wilson  the 
Dean,  and  Prebendaries,  and  the  rest  of  the  Quyer,  the  Bishop  in  his  rochett, 
the  Deane  and  the  rest  in  their  surplesses,  in  the  same  porch  saluted  her  Majestie  ; 
and  one  of  the  Scholers  of  the  Schole  (Christr  Fletcher)  then  pronounced  an 
Orac'on  in  Lattyn,  wherunto  she  was  attentyve,  and  thereof  took  very  good  liking : 
wch  Orac*on  ended,  she  on  her  knees  heard  there  other  service  for  that  time 
apoynted,  and  made  her  praiers ;  and  after  a  gift  geven  to  her  Majestie,  in  a  purse 
of  crymson  velvett  wrought  with  gold,  being  ,^.20  in  gold  in  it,  she  entered  into 
the  Church  with  grett  and  solompne  singing  and  musick,  with  cornetts  and  sack- 
butts,  with  a  canapy  boren  ovr  her ;  and  so  up  into  the  Chancell  wher  she  dili- 
gently viewed  the  tomb  of  King  John,  together  with  the  Chapell  and  tombe  of 
her  deere  Uncle,  late  Prynce  Arthur,  all  rycheley  and  bewtifully  adorned.  And 
from  the  Church  her  Majesty  passed  towards  the  Byshop's  Palace ;  and  after  she 
came  into  the  great  chamber,  Mr.  Baylyffs,  Mr.  Aldermen,  the  sd  Orator,  and 
High  Chamberlain,  kneelyng  as  she  came  by  them,  did  putt  down  their  maces ; 
and  she  bowing  her  hedd  towards  them,  thank'd  them  for  her  myrthe,  and  offered 
her  hand  unto  them  to  kysse ;  wch  done,  they  departed. 

"  And  on  Soneday  the  fouerteenth  day  of  August  her  Majestie  was  dysposed 
to  ryde  in  her  cotche  or  wagon  to  the  Cathedral  Church,  to  heer  service  and  ser- 

1  A  few  words  are  here  lost.  2  These  Speeches  are  not  now  remaining. 


THE    &UEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575-  539 

mon,  with  the  Noblemen  and  others  on  horseback  before ;  Mr.  Baylyffs,  Alder- 
men, and  Orator,  and  High  Chamberlain,  carrying  their  maces  on  horseback,  and 
placed  next  before  the  Serj*  att  Armes ;  and  then  the  Lord  Chamberlain  carying 
her  sword  before  her  Majestie ;  and  after  her  the  Lord  Rob1  Dudley,  Yerle  of 
Ley'r,  M'r  of  her  Highnesses  horses,  following  her  with  her  leede  palfrey  in  hand  ; 
and  then  her  Noble  Women,  Ladies,  Maydens  of  Honor,  and  the  Waytyng 
Maydens,  all  on  horseback ;  and  the  people,  being  innumerable,  in  the  streets  and 
Churchyard,  crying  to  her  Majestie,  '  God  save  yr  Majestie !  God  save  yr  Grace !' 
Unto  whom  she,  rysyng,  shewed  herself  at  both  sides  of  her  cotche  unto  them, 
and  oftentymes  sayde,  '  I  thank  you,  I  thank  you  all.' 

"  And  so  the  Mrs  of  the  Citie  standing  in  their  scarlet  gownes  at  the  end  of 
the  High  Street  turning  into  the  Churchyard,  her  Majestie  proceed6  into  the 
Churchyard  and  Church  with  a  cheerful  countenance ;  and  at  three  several  places 
in  the  Church,  being  upon  the  greftes,  or  steppes,  she  turned  herself  back,  shewing 
herself  unto  the  people ;  who  crying  '  God  save  your  Majestie !'  she  also  with  a 
loud  voice  gave  them  hartie  thanks  as  before ;  and  into  the  Chancell ;  and  being 
settled  in  her  traves,  or  seate,  rychly  decked  and  adorned  in  the  upper  end  of  the 
Chancell,  next  to  Prynce  Arthur's  Chapell,  and  hering  a  great  and  solem  noyse 
of  syngyng  of  service  in  the  Quier,  both  by  note  and  also  plaing  with  cornetts 
and  sackbutts ;  which  being  finished,  Mr.  Doctor  Langworth,  a  P'bendary  ther, 
did  reade  the  Epistle,  and  Mr.  Dr  Wilson,  Dean,  did  reed  the  Gospel ;  and  which 
ended,  Doctor  Bullyngham,  Byshop  of  Worcester,  did  preach  before  her  Majestie 
and  the  Nobles,  and  others  being  present,  and  a  gret  audience  ;  whyche  fynushed, 
her  Majestie  retorned  again  to  the  Palace  in  like  order  as  before. 

"  Early  on  the  Moneday  morning  the  said  Bayliffs,  Aldermen,  Orator,  and 
Chamberlaynes,  with  their  Bretheren,  for  that  they  had  found  grett  favor  and 
wer  much  bound  for  many  services  to  Sir  James  Crofts,  Knight,  Conntroller  of 
her  Majesties  Howshold,  and  one  of  her  Majesties  Pryvye  Councel,  being  at 
Mr.  Steyn's,  and  wher  he  kept  his  howse,  did  go  unto  him  ;  who  honourably 
entertained  them,  and  toke  them  all  by  hands;  and  our  Orator  presented  him 
with  a  faier  peece  of  gilt  enchased  plate  in  man'r  of  tankard,  with  a  cover,  worth 
^£.6.  Js.  id.  and  besought  his  Honor  to  accept  the  same,  as  a  slender  token  of 
their  grett  good  will  and  thankfullness  for  his  honourable  favors;  which  he  very 
modestlie  at  the  first  refused,  but  with  some  intreaty  he  accepted  the  same,  and 


540  THE    GIUEEN    AT   WORCESTER    AND    HINLIP,   1 575. 

promised  to  love  them  as  his  good  neighbours,  and  friend  them  in  any  thing  that 
he  cod  do  them  good  in,  that  they  hereafter  shall  hold  with  him. 

"  Upon  Tuysday  the  16  day  of  August  her  Hyghness  did  ryde  towards 
Hynlypp  l,  to  Mr.  Abyngton's  house,  to  dine  with  a  great  number,  amongst  wch 
both  the  BaylyfTs,  Aldermen,  Orator,  and  High  Chamberlain  did  ryde  in  their 
scarlett  gownes,  carrying  yr  said  maces  before  her  Majestie  in  Sampsons  Street, 
without  the  Foregate  (being  a  made  way)  unto  the  end  of  our  Lib'ties ;  and 
turning  back  again,  and  lyghtyng  from  their  horses,  to  have  doone  their  duties  on 
their  knees ;  and  for  that  the  ways  wer  fowle,  her  Majestie  said  unto  them,  '  I 
pray  you,  keep  your  horses,  and  do  not  alight.'  And  at  her  Majestie's  coming 
homewards  towards  the  Citie,  the  said  BaylyfTs,  Aldermen,  Orator,  and  High 
Chamberlain,  mett  her  Majestie  as  before,  without  the  Citie,  about  8  of  the  clock 
in  the  yevenyng,  and  so  did  bear  their  maces  before  her  Majestie  unto  the  Palace 
Gate,  she  ryding  on  horseback,  her  cotche  being  p'sent,  and  fowle  weather,  with 
a  cheerful  pryncely  countenance  towards  her  subjects,  praying  for  her  Majestie; 
the  weh,  turning  her  horse  on  every  side,  and  com m Portable  speeches  to  her  sub- 
jects, did  give  very  hartie  thanks  divers  and  oftentymes :  every  howse  in  the  street 
having  both  candles  in  lanterns,  torches  and  candles  burning  on  every  side,  besides 
a  great  number  of  staff  torches  carried  on  every  side  of  her  by  her  Garde,  wch  all 
gave  a  marvelous  light. 

"  And  on  Wednesday  the  17th  day  of  August,  Mr.  BaylyfTs,  Mr.  Aldermen, 
and  Orator,  with  certon  of  their  Brethren,  did  go  to  the  Lord  Robert  Dudley, 
Yerle  of  Lyester,  and  Mar  of  the  Queens  Majesties  horses,  being  in  Mr.  Dr. 
Bullyngham's  house,  a  Prebendary  of  the  sd  Church  ;  and  the  sd  our  Orator 
declared  unto  the  sd  Yerle,  '  My  Lord,  Mr.  BaylyfTs  and  their  Brethren  are 
come  to  see  yr  Honor,  and  to  bydd  yr  Honor  very  humbly  welcome  to  this  Citie  ; 
and,  in  token  of  their  poor  good  wills,  they  have  brought  to  yr  Honor  two  gallons 
of  Ipocras,  beseeching  you  to  bear  your  honorable  favor  towards  this  Citie.  And 
thereupon  the  Yerle  took  them  all  by  the  hands,  and  thanked  them  hartelie,  and 
said  as  followeth  :  '  I  assure  you,  'tis  a  Citie  that  I  love  with  all  my  harte  ;  and,  if 
I  may  any  way  do  it  good,  you  shall  fynde  me  willing  and  reddy ;'  and  so  bade 
them  all  farewell. 

1  Hinlip  was  purchased  in  1563  by  Thomas  Habingdon,  Cofferer  to  Queen  Elizabeth;  and  the 
fine  mansion  was  built  by  him  in  1572,  as  appears  by  a  date  still  remaining  in  the  parlour.  A  good 
View  of  this  fine  old  house  is  given  in  Dr.  Nash's  History  of  Worcestershire,  vol.  I.  p.  588. 


THE    GlUEEN    AT    WORCESTER    AND    HALLOW    PARK,    1575-  541 

u  And  on  Thursday  the  l8th  day  of  August,  Mr.  Baylyffs,  Mr.  Aldermen, 
and  Orator,  with  other  their  Brethren,  came  to  the  Yerle  of  Warwick,  to  well- 
come  his  Honour  with  the  like  present ;  to  whom  the  Orator  spake  in  effect  as 
before  to  the  Earl  of  Leyc' :  and  he  likewise  gave  them  great  thanks,  and  took 
them  all  by  the  hands,  and  said,  '  This  is  a  proper  Citie:  hit  is  pytty  it  shulde 
decay  and  become  poore ;  and  for  my  part  I  will  devise  some  way  to  do  it  good ;' 
and  so  very  hartelie  bade  them  farewell. 

"  And  the  same  day  they  did  the  like  to  the  Yerle  of  Sussex,  Lord  Chamberlain, 
for  that  he  came  but  att  night ;  and  being  in  his  bede  and  somewhat  diseased,  sent 
them  very  hartie  thanks  by  his  Secretary  ;  but  they  spake  not  with  hym. 

"  And  likewise  the  same  day  they  saluted  Sir  Will.  Ceysill,  Knyght,  Lord 
Treasurer,  for  that  he  came  likewise  but  the  nyght  before,  lying  in  the  Deanes 
howse ;  who  came  unto  them,  and  did  take  them  all  by  the  hand,  and  thanked 
them  all  for  their  gentle  curtesie. 

"  And  the  same  day  after  dinner  her  Majestie  rode  to  Hallow  Parke  1,  being 
Mr.  Abyngton's,  on  her  palfrey;  and  being  on  Hynwyckehill,  she  viewing 
Prytchcroft  and  all  the  fields  adjoining  the  Citie,  and  the  com'ons  ther,  did  agree 
to  kepe  several  for  her  horses  and  the  horses  of  her  whole  trayne  and  retinue  ; 
and,  turning  her  palfrey,  marvelled  to  see  such  a  number  of  horses  together; 
whereunto  it  was  answered  by  her  footemen,  and  others  Cytysyns  being  present, 
'  that  it  was  a  common  grounde,  and  kept  severall  for  her  Majesties  horses,  and 
of  her  retynee  and  trayne ;'  for  the  which  she  gave  the  Citie  grett  thanks.  During 
which  time  of  her  Majesties  abode  here  ther  were  pastured,  by  credible  reports, 
above  15  hundred  horses  and  geldings,  without  paying  anything  therefor  (saving 
several  rewards  to  watchmen,  who  kept  them  day  and  night,  wch  was  but  2d.  for  a 
horse  for  400d  horses).  The  Noblemen's  horses  wer  pastured  in  several  pastures 
by  themselves,  neer  unto  the  Citie.  And,  thanks  be  to  God,  amongst  the  said 
grett  nomber  of  horses  and  geldings,  not  one  horse  or  gelding  was  either  stolen, 
strayd  away,  or  peryshed.  And  after  her  Majestie  came  to  Hallow  Park,  she 
hunted,  and  with  her  bow  she  kylled  one  buck  and  struk  another  buck;  wch 
beyng  recovered,  she  called  for  Mr.  Abyngton,  asking  hym  how  many  bucks  be 

1  A  Perspective  View  of  Hallow  Park  was  given  in  1781  by  Dr.  Nash,  vol.  I.  p.  4"3.  It  was  then 
the  property  of  Reginald  Lygon,  Esq.  who  died  in  that  year,  Dec.  25 ;  and  whose  son  William  was 
created  Lord  Beauchamp  of  Powick  in  1806;  and  Viscount  Elmley  and  Earl  Beauchamp,  1815 ; 
and,  dying  Oct.  21,  1816,  was  succeeded  by  his  son  William  the  second  and  present  Earl. 


542  THE    ftUEEN    AT    BATENHALL    PARK,   1575- 

kylled  ?  and  he  said  too  bucks.  And  then  said  she,  c  Lett  one  of  the  bucks  be 
brought  to  the  one  Bayliffs  house,  and  the  other  buck  to  the  other  Bayliffs 
house,'  with  a  better  good  turn.  Which  bucks  were  brought  to  the  Bayliffs 
howses  accordingly. 

"  And  on  Fryeday  the  19th  day  of  August,  in  the  afternoon,  her  Majestie  rode 
to  Batenhall  Park,  intending  to  hunt  ther,  but  for  that  she  found  the  game  very 
scarce,  she  returned  again  without  hunting  at  all. 

"  And  that  wher  her  Majestie  was  apoynted  by  her  gestes  to  have  departed 
from  this  Citie  on  Wednesday  the  17th  day  of  this  August,  for  the  good  liking 
that  her  Majestie  had  of  this  Citie,  of  the  people,  and  of  the  place,  she  tarried 
here  untill  the  Saterday,  the  twentyeth  day ;  and  abowte  three  in  the  clock  in  the 
afternoon,  her  Majestie  disposyng  to  ryde  away,  the  Baylyffs,  Aldermen,  Orator, 
and  High  Chamberlain,  rode  before  her  Majestie  in  scarlett,  and  in  their  places, 
carrying  their  maces  as  before  at  her  receaving,  throughe  the  Citie,  the  streets 
beyng  replenyshed  with  people,  cryeing  to  her  Majestie,  and  praying  for  her ; 
and  also  she  cheerfully  and  comfortably  speaking  to  the  people,  and  thanks 
gevyng  with  a  lowd  voice.  And  having  a  way  made  up  the  stuble  fylde,  beynd 
the  barne  beyonde  the  Cross  at  Tewkesbury  lane  ende,  towards  Batenhall  Park, 
the  Freemen  of  the  Citie  stoode  arow  in  their  gownes,  or  best  apparel,  and  above 
them  the  48  in  their  gownes  of  violet  in  grayne,  and  then  some  of  the  24,  not 
having  been  Baylyffs,  in  murrey  in  grayne,  and  all  the  rest  that  had  been  Baylyffs 
in  scarlett,  stretching  to  the  top  of  the  hill  there;  at  wch  place  the  Baylyffs, 
Aldermen,  Orator,  and  High  Chamberlain  alighted,  and  kneeling,  the  Orator 
spake  these  words :  '  Most  gracious  Sovereign,  beyng  somewhat  more  than  the 
uttermost  confynes  of  our  stray t  Liberties,  to  our  no  little  greef,  without  your 
Hyghnesses  further  commandment,  we  are  to  leave  your  joyfull  presence ;  most 
humbly  beseeching  yor  Highnes  to  pardon  all  our  defects  of  dutie  happened, 
either  for  want  of  abilitie,  or  through  ignorance.  And  we  humbly  thanke  your 
Majestie  for  your  pryncely  favor  towards  us,  beseeching  you  to  continue  our  good 
and  oracious  Sovereign,  and  no  subjects  shall  more  hartelie  pray  for  yr  Majestie 
long  to  live,  and  happelie  to  rayne  over  us,  than  we.'     Then  said  her  Majestie, 

1  Batenhall  is  a  manor  within  the  parish  of  St.  Peter  in  Worcester,  formerly  of  the  franchise  and 
soke  of  the  Bishop's  manor  of  Northwick ;  and  there  was  within  its  boundary  an  ancient  park,  now 
destroyed,  which  served  for  the  recreation  of  the  Priors  of  Worcester.— At  the  time  of  the  (Queen's 
Visit,  it  was  the  property  of  Thomas  Bromley,  Esq.  afterwards  Lord  Chancellor,  Nash.    vol.  II.  p.  3*27. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    BATENHALL,    ELMLEY,    AND    SUDELEY,   1575-  543 

<  M'rs,  I  thank  you  all  very  hartely  for  yr  paynes ;  and  I  thank  you  for  the  greet 

cheer  you  made  to   my  men,  for  they  talk  greatlie  of  it.     And,   I  pray  you, 

com'end   me  to  the  whole  Citie,  and  thank  them  for  their  verry  good  will  and 

paynes.     And,  I  assure  you,  you  all  pray  so  hartily  for  me,  as  I  fear  you  will  by 

yr  prayers  make  me  lyve  too  long.     But  I  thank  you  all ;  and  so  God  be  with 

you !'     And  so  departed  with  teres  in  her  eyes ;  and  the  people  with  a  lowd 

cry  sayd,  '  God  save  yr  Majestie !'     And  so  proceeded  towards  Batenhall,  and 

through  Batenhall  Park,  through  made  ways,   with  a  great  trayne  before  and 

behynd ;  and  so  to  Elmley 1  Bredon,  where  she  lay  that  night  and  on  Soneday 

all  day. — And  so  Mr.  Baylyffs  and  Aldermen  on  foote,  with  their  Brethren  and 

the  whole  Chamber,  returned  together  to  the  Toll  Shop,  and  from  thence  departed 

home  to  their  howses  with  grett  joy,  that  her  Majestie,  with  the  rest  of  the  Nobles, 

the  Traine,  with  the  Officers  of  the  House,  and  her  men,  had  given  the  Citie  so 

good  reporte  of  good  liking  of  this  Cite,  and  of  their  interteynement  by  the  Citesy  ns. 

"  And  on  Moneday,  at  the  uttermost  p'te  of  the  Countie,  between  Elmley  and 

the  Castle  of  Suydley  2,  in  the  presence  of  the  Shreeve,  being  Mr.  Edmond  Colles, 

Esquire,  and  other  Gentlemen  of  the  Shere^  ther  taking  their  leave,  and  recog- 

nisyng  their  duties,  and  of  the  Gent,  of  Glouc'shire  ther  receiving  her  Majestie, 

she  said  to  the  Lord  Buyshop  of  Worcester,  '  My  Lord,  I  wold  talk  with  you.' 

Who  alighted  from   his  horse :  to  whom,   after  some  private  talk  had  by  her 

Majestie  unto  him,  she  sayd,  '  My  Lord,  I  pray  you  comend  me  hartelie  to  the 

Bayliffs  of  Worcester,  and  to  their  Brethren,  and  to  the  whole  Citie ;    and  I 

thank  them  hartely  for  my  good  interteynment,  and  for  the  good  chere  they 

made  my  men.'     And  then  said  the  Lord  Bishop,  '  Hit  may  please  yor  Majestie, 

so  it  is,  ther  Trade  is  not  so  good  as  it  hath  been,  for  the  meyntenance  of  their 

1  Elmley  Castle,  here  called  Elmley-Bredon,  to  distinguish  it  from  Elmley-Lever,  is  a  fine  old 
mansion,  of  which  Dr.  Nash  has  given  a  View,  vol.  I.  p.  384.  It  belonged  to  the  family  of  Savage ; 
and  is  situated  not  far  from  Evesham. 

2  Sudeley  Castle  was  the  property  of  Edward  Brydges,  third  Lord  Chandos.  This  young  Nobleman, 
who  had  been  elected  a  Representative  for  the  County  of  Gloucester  in  1 572,  succeeded  to  the  Barony 
of  Chandos,  on  his  Father's  death,  Sept.  11,  1573.  He  married  Lady  Frances  Clinton,  daughter  of 
E'lward  first  Earl  of  Lincoln,  and  Lord  Admiral;  and  died  Feb.  21,  1593-4,  aged  47. — As  Sudeley 
Castle  is  within  a  mile  of  Winchcombe,  which  was  directly  in  the  Queen's  road  to  Woodstock,  it  is 
highly  probable  that  her  Majesty  rested  there  in  this  Progress  of  1575  j  as  she  certainly  did  subse- 
quently in  1591;  the  "Speeches"  on  that  occasion  being  preserved  in  the  Third  Volume  of  these 
Elizabethan  Progresses. 


544  THE    ftUEEN's    ATTENDANTS    AT    WORCESTER,  1575- 

lyvyng  i  but  their  poor  good  willes  and  hartes  yonr  Majestie  hath.'  And  then 
sayd  she,  <  I  perceive  that  very  well,  and  I  like  as  well  of  them  as  I  ham  liked 
of  any  people  in  all  my  progressive  tyme  in  all  my  lyff.' 

"  The  which  comfortable  commendations  and  sayings  of  her  Majestie  towards 
the  Citie  when  the  Lord  Byshop  retorned  back  to  this  Citie,  callyng  for  the 
Baylyffs  and  others  of  his  Brethren  unto  hym,  his  L.  uttered  unto  them  the  said 
pryncely  and  loving  speeches  of  her  Majestie,  praying  them  to  utter  the  same  to 
the  residue  ;  and  so  will  I  as  I  meet  with  them  l. 

THE    NOBLEMENS    NAMES    ATTENDING    HER    MAJESTY. 

"  Sir  Will.  Cecill,  Knyght,  L.  of  Burghley,  and  L.  Treasr  of  England.— The 
L.  Thomas  RatclyfF,  Yerle  of  Sussex,  L.  Chamberlayne  to  the  Queens  Maje°stie. — 
The  L.  Ambrose  Dudley,  Yerle  of  Warwyk. — The  L.  Robt.  Dudley,  Yerle  of 
Leycr  and  Mr  of  the  Queens  Majesties  Horses. — Sr  Francys  Knolles,  Knyght, 
Thresurer  of  the  Queens  Majesties  Howshold. — Sr  James  Crofte,  Knt.  Controller 
of  the  same. — Sir  Thomas  Smythe,  Kt.  Chief  Secretary  to  the  Queens  Majestie. — 
Mr.  Francys  Wallsyngham,  Esquire,  the  other  Secretary  to  her  Majestie. — Sr 
Edward  Sutton,  L.  Dudley. — Sr  Charles  Howard,  L.  of  EfFynh'm,  and  Lord 
Chamberlayn  in  the  absence  of  the  E.  of  Sussex. — The  Lord  Harry  Seym'r,  sone 
to  the  Duke  of  Som'sett,  dec'ssed. — The  Lord  Straynge,  sone  and  heyre  apparent 
to  the  Yerle  of  Dudley. — Sir  Thorn6  Sackvile,  Knyght,  Lord  Buckhurst. 

BYSHUPPS. 

"  Doctor  Bullynham,  Byshup  of  Worcest1". — Doctor  Storye,  Buyshopp  of 
Hereford. — Doctor  Cheyny,  Buy  shop  of  Gloucr. — Doctor  Bentan,  Buyshopp  of 
Lychefild  and  Coventree. — Dr.  Freak,  Buyshopp  of  Rochester,  Almoner  to  the 
Queen's  Majestie,  and  elected  Bp.  of  Norwych. — Doctor  Wilson,  one  of  the 
Masters  of  the  Court  of  Request  (Dean  of  Worcester). 

LADIES    OF    HONOR. 

"  The  Lady  Marques  of  Northampton,  Widow,  late  Wyfe  to  late  Marques  of 
Northampton. — The  Lady  Countess  of  Sussex. — The  Lady  Countes  of  Warw'. — 
The  Lady  Vere,  Sister  to  the  Yerle  of  Oxford. — The  Lady  Bourser,  Syster  to  the 
Yrle  of  Bath.— The  Lady  Howard,  Wief  to  L.  Dudley.— The  Lady  Hunsdon,  Wief 

1  These  Speeches  were  supposed  to  be  preserved  in  the  Library  at  Hartlebury  Castle,  but  are  not 
now  to  be  found  there.     See  before,  p.  533. 


THE    ftUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,  1575.  545 

Henry  Cary,  Lord  Hunsdon. — The  Lady  Cobham.  Wief  to  the  Warden  of  the 
Fyve  Ports. — The  Lady  Stafford,  Widow,  late  the  Wyff  to  Sir  William  Stafford, 
deceased. — The  Lady  Patchett. 

Mr.  Bell's  Oration  *; — "I  will  brieflie  dyvert  toyrMajesties  noble  Progenitors, 
to  whom  this  poor  Citie  hath  byn  especially  bounde ;  wherein  albeit  I  might  say 
moche  as  touchyng  the  first  foundac'on  and  peoplyng  of  the  same,  and  how  it 
grew  up  to  a  florishing  estate,  and  of  the  situat'on  thereof,  beyng  always  a  frontier 
and  bulworke  of  bolde  and  obedient  serviceable  subjects  against  the  sundry 
invasions  and  undue  attempts  of  the  Welshe  men,  who  at  this  day,  to  their  grett 
commendac'on  and  perpetual  prayse,  lyve  in  most  dutiful  obedience  and  cyvell 
societie  wth  us,  under  yr  Majesties  most  mercifull  government — I  will  for  honor 
sake  begyn  with  worthy  Worfarnis,  first  Chrysten  Kynge  of  Martia,  or  Medle 
England,  who,  of  his  kinglie  affect'on  towards  this  Towne,  abowte  nine  hundred 
yeres  past,  by  his  Charter,  granted  and  made  Worcester  a  Citie.  Abowt  which 
tyme  the  inhib'ants  here  first  began  their  marte  of  wooles  and  trade  of  clothyng, 
wch  evr  syrice,  and  to  this  day,  is  the  onely  relief  and  meyntenance  of  this  Citie. 
After  whom,  Offa,  Edgar,  Henry  the  Second,  Richard  the  First,  Richard  the 
Second,  Edward  the  Second,  and  Edward  the  Fourth,  of  like  princelie  favor, 
endowed  this  Citie  wth  sundry  charters,  liberties,  and  pryvyledgs,  to  the  great 
advancement  of  this  poore  Com'on  Weale.  Of  all  whom  as  we  are  bound  to 
make  reverent  remembrance  for  thankfull  deserte,  so  most  especially  of  yr  Majesties 
nearest  and  dearest  Progenytors,  namely,  that  pollytike  Prynce,  yr  Majesties 
Gr'ndfather,  Kynge  Henry  the  Seventh  ;  yor  Highnes  Father,  of  famous  memory, 
Kinge  Henry  the  Eyght ;  that  Prince  of  grettest  hope,  King  Edward  the  Sixte, 
yor  Majesties  Brother ;  and  Queen  Mary,  yor  Highnes  dearest  Sister ;  of  whose 
grett  and  kynglie  favor  as  this  Citie  happelie  fealte,  so  pleased  it  that  second 
Solamon,  yr  Hyghnes  Gr'ntfather,  in  his  kynglie  person,  together  with  the  Queen 
his  Wyff,  the  Countes  of  Rychemond  his  Mother,  and  Prynce  Arthur  yor 
Majesties  deerest  Uncle,  to  vysite  this  Citie;  where  duryng  the  tyme  of  his  abode 
hit  pleased  his  Highnes  so  thankfully  to  accept  of  the  poor  good  will  and  loyall 
affect'on  of  the  Citesyns,  as  at  this  day  ther  remayne  in  Regyster  of  Record, 
amongst  sondry  comfortable  Speeches,  witnessyng  the  same :  And  as  we  have 
just  cause,  w'th  the  whole  body  of  this  Realm,  generally  to  rejoyce  of  yor  Majestie, 

'  From  the  Chamber  Order  Book  at  Worcester,  pp.  9,  10 
VOL.  I.  4  A 


546  THE    aUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575- 

and  the  unspeakable  benefytts  that  God  in  his  mercy  hath  blessed  us  thereby;  so 
have  we  specially  occasion  to  be  thankfull  to  the  same,  not  onlie  for  the  confir- 
mac'on  and  corroborac'on  of  all  our  former  charters,  lib'ties,  and  priviledges ;  but 
also  for  that  yor  Majestie,  in  yor  careful  breaste,  moche  tenderyng  the  vertuous 
education  of  youth  in  the  feare  of  God,  and  with  pryncelie  pittie  and  regd  for  the 
needy  estate  of  Christian  poore  members,  have  not  onelie  granted  us  ther  havyng 
of  a  Freeschole  wthin  this  Citie,  but  also  graciously  encreased  the  stipend  thereof, 
and  maintenance  of  ten  poor  people  for  ever  to  be  relievd  amongst  us  ;  a  work 
first  intended  by  the  charitable  devoc'on  of  certen  good  Citesyns  here,  and  now 
lately  enlarged,  augmented,  and  confyrmed,  by  your  Highness.     By  thes  most 
bountyfull    benefytes,    by    yor    Majesties   most   noble   Progenitors    of  worthiest 
memory,  and  by  yor  Highness  conferred  unto  us,  wcb,  for  avoyding  prolixitie,  we 
may  not  particularly  remember,  together  with  the  painful  labor,  industrye,  and 
diligence  of  good  Citesyns,  this  Citie  of  long  tyme  so  increased  in  wealth,  sub- 
stance, and  beautifull  buildings,  and  became  so  fortunate  in  the  trade  of  clothyng, 
as  by  the  onelie  means  thereof,  in  good  and  fresh  memory  of  man,  ther  wer  here 
used  and  meynteyned  for  the  said  trade  of  clothyng  three  hundred  and  fowrscore 
great  loomes,  whereby  eight  thowsand  persons  were  all  meyntained  in  wealth  and 
abilitie,   besides   mothers  and   their  children.      Then   florished   this   Citie,   and 
became  populus;   then  were  the  Inhabitants  here  no  less  able  than   reddy  for 
service    of  their   Prynce   and  Country ;    they   frended  with    many.      But  why 
remember  we  the  tyme  past  with  such  commendac'on  of  the  floryshing  estate 
thereof?  or  why  do  we  shewe  yor  Majestie  of  things  that  late  were,  and  now  are 
not  ?     With  what  greef  of  mynde  may  we  remember  that  Worcester,  one  of  the 
most  ancient  Cities  of  yr  Kyngdom,  was  some  tyme  wealthy,  bewtifull,  and  well 
inh'ited :  synce  at  this  day  yor  Majestie  shall  see  and  fynde  the  wealth  wasted  and 
decayed,  the  bewty  faded,  the  buylding  ruin'd,  the  three  hundred  and  fowerscore 
loomes  of  clothyng  comen  to  the  nomeber  of  one  hundred  and  three  score,  and 
thereby  above  fyve  thowsand  persons,  that  were  lately  well  wrought  and  relieved, 
now  wantyng  the  same;  so  that  of  all  that  was,  ther'  is  allmost  nothyng  lefte  but 
a  ruynous  Citie,  or  decaied  Antiquities,  such,  as  we  see,  the  changes  of  fortune 
and  chance  of  tyme!     All  wcb  we  wayll   not  with  intent  to  crave  any  of  yor 
Majesties  liberalitie  wherewith  to  be  releavd,  especially  at  such  tyme  as  it  hath 
pleased  the  same  by  paynfull  travel  I  to  visit  our  City,  but  thereby  to  showe  our 
want  of  hability  so  worthelie  to  receave  yor  Majestie,  as  to  yor  Hyghnes  person 


THE    GlUEEN    AT   WORCESTER,  1575-  547 

apperteyneth  :  nether  bewayle  we  our  losses  to  come  by  any  other  meanes  then 
by  casualty  of  unlooked-for  troubles,  as  the  breach  of  fayth  lies  in  merchants,  and 
restraint  of  trafyque;  wch  trafyque  being  now  restored  by  yor  Majesties  Prynceley 
prudense,  breedyth  in  us  an  assured  hope  shortelie  to  see  the  restitution  of  our 
former  floreshyng  estate,  to  the  hyndrance  whereof  there  remayneth  one  especial 
apparent  impedyment  by  the  nomeber  of  Pyrates  upon  the  seas,  and  they  not  to 
be  accompted  of,  for  seying  yor  Majestie  hath  prepared  to  yo'self  so  mighty  a 
Navy  as  never  any  of  yor  noble  Progenytors  ever  had  the  like:  so  may  yor 
Hygness,  whensoever  it  shall  seem  good  to  the  same,  very  easily  daunt  and 
represse  those  robberes,  that  yor  subjects  may  with  safety  sayle  with  their 
trafyque.  To  the  perfection  of  this  hope,  yor  Majesties  comyng  to  this  Citie, 
wth  whos  joyfull  presence  it  hath  pleased  God  to  bewtifie  the  same,  doothe  bothe 
look,  and,  as  it  were,  prognosticate  unto  us  the  reverse  of  all  our  adverse  fortune 
into  a  more  happy  and  prosperous  estate.  In  the  joyfull  daies  of  whos  Coronation 
thes  worthy  Citesyns  then  and  now,  under  yor  Majesties  chief  officer  thereof,  the 
whole  Citie  did  so  rejoice  and  so  effectually  signifie  the  same  by  the  profuse 
expence  of  their  wealth,  as  the  like  is  never  remembered  to  be  doon.  And  there- 
fore no  marvaile,  though  their  heavy  hartes  be  now  in  happy  hope,  and  revived 
from  the  clowdy  cares  of  their  adversities  ;  for  due  proof  whereof,  may  it  like  yor 
Highness  to  behold  the  populous  concourse  of  the  multitude,  the  greedy  eyes  cast 
opon'yo*  Majestie  on  every  side,  the  wayes  and  streetes  filled  wth  companyes  of  all 
ages,  desirous  to  have  the  fruition  of  yor  joyfull  p'sence,  the  howses  and  habitations 
lately  ryson  from  their  rufull  ruyn  to  a  more  luyvely  and  freshe  furnyture. 
Briefly,  the  universal  presens  of  all  estates  yelde  an  assured  hope,  evydent  token, 
and  profytt,  of  each  good  thinge,  worth  such  a  Prynce;  so  as  we  may  soothely 
say,  O  Sovereign,  for  ourselves  and  the  whole  body  of  this  Realm,  that  if  all  just 
laws  had  not  cast  upon  yor  Majestie  the  inheritance  and  ryghtful  succession  in  this 
Kingdom,  we  myght,  my  Lords,  in  merite  most  justlie  have  elected  her  Majestie 
thereunto,  and  have  said  with  the  Prophet  Samuel,  '  Behold,  see  ye  not  whom  the 
Lord  bath  chosen,  and  how  ther  is  not  like  unto  her  among  all  the  people.'  On  whom, 
and  whos  most  prudent  and  politique  government,  with  humble  obedience,  we  joy- 
fully cast  our  cares;  vowyng,  for  our  parts,  with  unfayned  hartes, the  willing  expence 
of  our  goods  and  lyves  at  yor  Majesties  commandm't ;  in  token  of  which  bounden 
dutie  and  loial  good  will  to  yor  Highness,  syth  our  habilitie  is  farr  inferior,  and 
serveth  not  to  make  a  sufficient  signyficat'on  thereof,  the  Baylyffs  and  Cytesyns 


548 


THE  &UEEN  AT  WORCESTER,  15J5. 


here  present  yor  Majestie  with  poore  purse,  and  small  porc'on  therein  contained  j 
most  humbly  beseeching  yor  Highness  to  accept  the  same,  not  as  the  Grett  Alex- 
ander accepted  the  Soldier's  gyft,  nor  as  the  valiant  Artaxerzes  the  little  water  gyven 
by  the  symple  sotte — but  as  Queen  Elizabeth,  in  whom  the  fullness  of  prynceley 
benygnytie  is  wont  to  accepte  the  simple  presents  of  her  subjects,  who's  Highness 
God  preserve,  in  blessed  lyff,  in  roiall  raigne,  in  Nestor's  yeres  among  us." 
Mem.  "  That  a  few  words  uttered  by  Orator,  with  answer  thereunto  by  her 
Majestie,  do  appere  in  the  end  of  this  book,  amonge  other  matters  written  of  the 
whole  discourse  of  her  Majesties  beyng  here.       Per  me,  Edward  Darriell." 


The  Accompts  of  Mr.  Christ.  Dyghton,  Hygh  Baylyff. 

Imprimis>   his    Receipts,  as    by   his    bills    annexed   more   at   large  &£.    s. 
appeareth  -------  198   16 

Imprimis,  for  a  gylte  cup  with  a  cover  geven  unto  the  Queen's  Ma- 
jestie, weying  29  oz.  and  3  qrs.  at  7*.  4d.  the  ounce  -  -  10 
More  in  gold,  with  the  same  cupp  geven  to  her  Majestie          -  -  40 
Item,  a  can  cupp  gilt,  geven  to  Mr.  Countroller,  Sir  James  Crofte, 
wns  20  oz.  and  §  a  quarter,  at  6s.  Sd.  the  ounce       -             -  -     6 

Money  given  in  rewarding  to  the  Queen's  Majesties  Officers  l  : 

Imprimis,  to  the  Harbengers  -  -  -  -  -     0  20 


18 
0 


d. 

4 

2 
O 


8     1 


0 


1  The  following  similar  account  of  the  charges  of  the  Queen's  Majesty  and  her  Officers  coming 
to  Canterbury,  in  1573,  was  copied  from  a  MS.  in  possession  of  the  late  Mr.  Jacob  of  Faversham  j 
which  had  been  extracted  by  his  father  from  the  City  Books  of  Canterbury.  See  a  similar  List 
from  Saffron  Walden,  p.  2S0 ;  from  Faversham,  p.  352  ;  from  Lichfield,  p.  524. 

■£.    s.    d. 


Imp.  Given  to  her  Majesty  in  money  -  30 

Paid  to  the  Heralds    - 

To  the  Serjeant  at  Arms 

To  the  Queen's  Footmen 

To  the  Trumpeters    - 

To  the  Messengers     - 

To  the  Coachmen      - 

To  the  Yeomen  of  the  Bottles 

To  the  Surveyor  of  the  ways 

To  the  Porters  - 

To  the  Black  Guard  - 

To  Tipstaves  and  Knight  Marshal's  men 


0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

1 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

0 

13 

4 

0 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

To  the  Drums  and  Flutes 

To  the  Musicians       - 

To  Walter  the  Jester 

To  the  Clerk  of  the  Market   - 

To  his  Man   - 

To  the  Queen's  Berward 

To  Mr.  Beale  for  his  pains 

To   the  Queen's  Servants  that  came 

to    survey    the    City    against    her 

coming     - 
For  a  purse  to  put  the  money  in 
For  the  sweetning  thereof     - 


£. 

5. 

d. 

0 

5 

0 

0 

6 

8 

0 

3 

4 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

10 

0 

0 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

16 

0 

0 

2 

0 

THE    €IUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575- 


549 


Item,  to  too  Serj'ts  at  Armes  - 

Item,  to  the  eight  Footmen  as  they  say  in  respect  of  the  fyve  maces 


offered  to  the  Queen's  Majestie,  ys  in  their  fee 


Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
Item 
by 
Item 


to  the  Trom  peters        ------ 

to  the  Cotchmen  and  Litter  men  - 

to  the  Way-men,  viz.  the  makers  of  the  ways  -  -  - 

to  the  ordynary  Messengers  of  the  Queen's  Chamber    - 

to  the  Yerle  of  Leycester's  Museeians  - 

to  the  Yomen  of  the  Mace 

to  Osland,  bringer  of  the  sword  into  the  Lib'ties 

to  Mr.  Gascoyne,  Post  mar       - 

to  the  Knyght  Marshall  for  his  fee  l$s.  4d.  and  to  his  men  6s.  Sd. 

to  the  Clerk  of  the  Markett  of  the  Queen's  Howshold 

to  his  men       --._-.- 

to  the  Gentlemen  of  the  bottles  - 

to  the  Black  Garde       ------ 

to  the  Queen's  Majesties  Bakers  - 

to  the  Officers  of  the  Boylinghowse 

to  the  Queen's  Museeians  - 

to  the  Postmaster's  man  - 

to  him  that  carried  the  sword  furth  of  the  Liberties 

to  the  Queen's  Majesties  Porters  _"_-.- 

to  M.  Moral,  for  6  cote  clothes  for  fyve  Serjts  and  the  Bellman 

given  to  them  that  brought  the  two  bucks  killd  at  Hallow  Park 

the  Queens  Majestie,  to  both  the  Baylyffs  howses 

to  Mr.  Lupton,  for  his  paynes  for  and  devising  and  instructing 


the  children  in  their  speeches  on  the  too  stages.       - 

Item,  to  his  man  for  waiting  - 

Item,  to  George  Warberton,  for  Lupton's  charges,  his  wief  and  man, 
and  their  horses    ------- 

Item,  to  Mr.  Heywood,  for  entertayning  of  the  six  children  on  the  too 
stages,  with  12s.  to  the  children  for  their  labour,  and  for  hurt  done 
upon  silk  borowed,  as  appeareth  by  his  bill  - 

Item,  to  John  Davies,  for  all  his  payntyng  at  the  Toll  Shop,  and  other- 
wise, for  the  Citie,  as  appear111  by  his  bill    - 


A  *. 

d. 

0  40 

0 

5  o 

0 

0  10 

0 

o  30 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  40 

0 

o  6 

8 

0  10 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  20 

0 

0  20 

0 

0  40 

0 

0  6 

8 

0  20 

0 

0  20 

0 

0  7 

0 

0  6 

8 

0  40 

0 

0   2 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  10 

0 

4  5 

6 

0  10 

0 

4  0 

0 

0  10 

0 

0  33     4 

o  31     7 
16    o     o 


550  THE    GIUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,  1575. 

d£>    s.    d. 
Item,  to  Mr.  Bell,  the  Orator,  in  consideration  of  his  journeys  to  Mr. 

Controller,  to  the  Court  at  K^yllyngworth,  and  his  paynes  -  20     0     0 

Item,  to  Mr.  Dyghton,  for  Mr.  Bell's  diet,  and  his  too   men,  for  12 

days,  and  his  horse  meate  -  -  -  -  -     o  44     o 

Item,  to  Mr.  Dyghton,  for  Iprocras  geven  to  the  Lords  and  others  of 

the  Privie  Councell,  and  other  charges,  as  appeareth  by  his  bill        -     8     4     5 

Charges  leyd  out  by  the  Chamberlains : 

Item,  paid  to  George  Warberton  and  John  Edwards,  Chamberlains, 
for  their  bill  of  charges,  leyd  out  for  the  Citie,  against  the  Queen's 
Majestie  comyng  to  Worcesf         -  -  -  -  -  14   18     0 

Which  said  several  sums,  together  with  divers  others  several  sums,  amounteth 
to  ^.173.  8*.  4d.  as  appeareth  by  his  bills  and  receyts  deliberately  examined, 
and  all  things  allowed,  that  remayneth  in  Mr.  Dyghton's  hands  ^.25  ;  which 
^.25,  together  with  ,§^.5,  ys  allowed  to  the  said  Mr.  Dyghton,  as  appereth  in 
the  next  chamber. 

MONEY    RECEIVED    AND    BORROWED    FOR    THE    USE    OF    THE    CITIE. 

Ressevid  of  23  of  the  24  at  40  shillss  the  pece,  amounting  to  -  46     0     0 

viz.  that  there  is  unpaid  Mr.  Dedicott. 
Resseived  of  the  Companies  of  the  48,  after  the  rate  of  20*.  the  pece 
Ressev'd  and  borrowd  out  of  Mr.  Yowl's  money  in  the  Treasire 
Resseved  and  borrowed  out  of  the  Corporation's  money  out  of  the 

Treasire    ----.--. 
Payd — Ressevd  of  Richard  Hemyng  for  the  Company  of  M'rsers 
Payd — Ressevid  of  the  occupazance  of  the  Drapers   - 
Payd — Ressevd  of  the  Wevers  - 

Payd — Ressevd  of  the  Brewers 
Payd — Ressevd  of  the  Chawlers        - 
Payd — Resseved  of  the  Shomakers    - 
Payd — Ressev'd  of  the  Walkers         - 

The  Som*  am1  to  ^.154  ;  the  rest  unpaid  ^.122. 
Res'  of  Mr.  Gibbs  of  Mr.  Yowl's  money,  beyng  leyed  out  for  wood, 

and  which  was  at  the  begining  delivd  to  Mr.  Fleet  and  Mr.  James    -     7     0     0 


48 

0 

0 

42 

0 

0 

11 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

IS 

6 

0 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

6 

13 

4 

THE    GtUEEN    AT    WORCESTER,   1575.  551 

Rec.  of  Mr.  Chamberlens  for  one  whole  yere's  rent  of  Mr.  Yowl's  land,  ^£.   s.    d. 
due  at  Mich'as  1575  yeare.  -  -  -  -  -8   14     4 

The  Sum  of  all  these  bills,  38.137.  14?.  4d. 

Money  received  of  the  Constables  as  followeth : 

Rd  of  Roger  Streete  and  Richd  Wellyn,  Constables  of  Sent  Andrew's 

Warde,  in  money  -  -  -  -  -  -986 

Rd  of  Thomas  Ashwyn  and  George  Wells,  Constables  of  S*  Peter's,  in 

money      -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -7   10     8 

Rd  of  Edmund  Barbar  and  yes  fellow  Richard  Hemyng,  Constables  of 

All  Hallow  Ward,  on  account  of  theyr  charge         -  -  -  13     7     2 

Rd  of  Edw.  Qycke  and  Will.  Wylkyns,  Constables  of  Saint  Marten, 

on  acco*  of  their  charge     -  -  -  -  -  ~     7     6     S 

Rd  of  Simond  Backe  and  Robert  Wythe,  Constables  of  Sent  Necollys 

Ward,  on  account  of  their  charge  -  -  -  -580 

Rd  of  Homfrey  Gest  and  John  Prosser,  Constables  of  the  Hye  Ward, 

on  account  of  their  charge  -  -  -  -  -13     5     4 

Rd  of  Francis  Nott,  Constable  of  St.  Clemens,  on  account  of  his  charge     0  19     0 

1  Som' am*  =£.54  17     2  57     5     8 

Rd  of  Gervthe  Chanlor  and  his  fellow  Homfray  Toms,  sterayeres  of 
the  Walkers  for  those  Walkers  y*  ar  nott  of  the  Chamber,  as  ap- 
peareth  by  another  bill  hereunto  annexed  -  -  -  -316*4 

t£.6l     2     0 
Som'  of  all  the  resseyts  in  both  these  bills,  as  appeareth  more  at  large, 

is  ^.198.   \6s.  4d. 
Some  of  the  whole  charges  ^.173.  8$.  od. 
So  resteth  clere  the  sum  of  ,§£.25.  8s.  od. 


At  the  period  of  this  Royal  Visit  there  was  a  noble  mansion  in  the  heart  of  the 
City  of  Worcester,  known  by  the  name  of  The  White  Ladies ;  of  which  I  find 
no  other  mention  than  in  the  following  extract  from  Mr.  Chambers's  History  of 
that  antient  City,  published  in  1810  ;  and  the  Biographical  Illustrations  of  Wor- 
cestershire, by  the  same  Author,  in  1820. 

1  There  is  some  error  either  in  the  arrangement,  theitems,  or  the  totals. 


552  THE    aUEEN    AT   WHITE    LADIES,  ELMLEY,  AND    SUDELEY,  1575. 


"  The  owners  of  this  mansion,  the  relatives  of  the  celebrated  Lord  Somers !, 
were  equally  respected  and  respectable  ;  they  had  been  honoured  with  giving 
reception  and  entertainment  to  Queen  Elizabeth  in  her  Progress  through  this  City 
in  1575,  at  which  time  she,  commending  highly  the  great  black  pear-tree  which 
then  stood  by  where  is  now  St.  Nicholas  Church  2,  the  City  adopted  it  in  their 
arms  (I  presume  from  this).  The  bed  she  slept  in,  the  cup  she  drank  out  of,  and 
some  other  memorials,  were  preserved  therein  with  great  attention.  We  were 
enabled  by  the  kindness  of  the  present  possessors  of  The  White  Ladies,  to  view 
every  part  of  this  interesting  building,  but  we  regret  to  say,  that  many  of  the 
relics  had  vanished  long  before  the  present  occupiers  came  to  it.  The  bed  where 
the  Queen  slept  is  no  longer  visible,  or  the  cup  she  drank  out  of.  There  is,  how- 
ever, a  non-descript  sort  of  black  earthen  jar,  with  numerous  handles,  of  very 
ancient  workmanship.  The  room  in  which  the  Queen  reposed  is  still  in  exist- 
ence, it  is  of  excessive  small  dimensions,  but  remains  in  its  old  state. 

"  Here  is  an  original  portrait  of  a  Lord  Darnley,  whose  muscular  strength  was 
such,  as  to  enable  him  to  roll  up  the  pewter  dishes,  with  which  at  one  time  the 
tables  of  our  ancestors  were  furnished.    Here  also  Charles  II.  took  up  his  abode." 

Laneham's  Letter  is  dated  "  From  the  Court  at  Worcester,  August  20,"  the 
day  on  which  the  Queen  left  that  City. 

That  night  and  the  Sunday  were  passed  at  Elmley-Bredon,  the  seat  of  Mr.  Savage. 

On  Monday  the  22d  she  entered  Gloucestershire;  and  probably  was  entertained 
by  the  Lord  Chandos  at  Sudeley  Castle3;  though  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  her  having 
honoured  some  intermediate  mansion.  But  no  traces  remain  of  any  Visits  made 
by  her  Majesty  till  her  arrival  at  the  Palace  of  Woodstock,  where,  on  the  11th  of 
September,  she  was  addressed  by  "The  Hermit's  Tale"  of  George  Gascoigne,  and 
the  Oration  of  Master  Lawrence  Humphrey,  both  here  re-published. 

September.  .  .  1575,  the  Queen's  Majesty  at  Woodstock  4. 

1  The  Somers  Family  had  for  several  generations  enjoyed  the  estate  of  The  White  Ladies ;  and  the 
great  Lord  Somers  resided  for  some  time  in  the  mansion  belonging  to  the  estate,  and  afterwards  within 
the  precinct  of  the  Cathedral,  the  former  place  becoming  the  property  of  his  Sister,  it  being  left  her 
as  a  marriage  portion. 

*  The  tree  stood  originally  in  the  Gardens  of  The  White  Ladies.  It  was  removed  to  the  market 
place  the  night  before  the  Queen  arrived.         3  See  before,  p.  391.  *  Lord  Burghley's  Diary, 


553 


The  Hermit's  Tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 
By  George  Gascoigne  ?. 

Fronticepeice. — Queen  Elizabeth  seated  on  a  throne.  Gascoigne  with  a 
sword  and  lance,  and  a  wreath  of  laurel  over  his  head,  presenting  the  book  to  the 
Queen.  On  the  canopy,  over  the  Queen,  "  Decet  Regem  regere  Legem." 
From  the  center  of  the  room  a  hand  holds  a  scroll,  "  Tam  Marti,  quam  Mercurio." 

Beholde  (good  Queene)  a  poett  with  a  speare, 

(Straundge  sightes  well  mark't)  are  understoode  the  better, 
A  soldyer  armde,  with  pensyle  in  his  eare, 

With  penn  to  fighte,  and  sword  to  wryte  a  letter, 
His  gowne  haulffe  of,  his  blade  not  fully  bownde, 

In  dowtfull  doompes,  which  waye  were  best  to  take, 
With  humble  harte,  and  knees  that  kysse  the  grownde, 

Presentes  himselfe  to  you  for  dewtyes  sake, 
And  thus  he  saithe ;  No  daunger  (I  protest) 

Shall  ever  lett  this  loyall  harte  I  beare 
To  serve  you  so  as  maye  become  me  beste, 

In  f'eilde,  in  towne,  in  courte,  or  any  where. 

Then  peereles  Prince,  employe  this  willinge  man 
In  your  affayres,  to  do  the  best  he  can. 

Tam  Marti,  quam  Mercurio. 


To  the  Queene's  most  excellent  Majestye. 

Well,  worthy  Queene,  and  my  most  gracyous  Sovraugne,  it  hathe  byn  written 
in  authoryty,  and  observed  by  experience,  "That  thonder  oftentymes  bruseth  the 
bones,  without  blemyshing  of  the  fleshe  ;  or  (as  some  have  helde  opynyon)  that 
hathe  byn  sene  to  breke  the  sword,  without  hurt  done  to  the  scaberd."  The 
which  as  yet  is  a  rare  and  straunge  adventure:  so  in  my  judgement  that  deserveth 
deepely  to  be  considered  ;  and  being  once  well  weyed,  it  requyreth  also  to  be  well 
remembred. 

1  From  the  British  Museum,  Royal  MSS.  18  A.  xlviii.  Of  this  Poet,  and  his  "  Princely  Pleasures," 
see  before,  p.  435. 

VOL.  I.  4  B 


554  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575- 

The  chaunces  which  happen  unto  man  are  infynyte,  and  full  of  wonderful! 
varyetie  ;  yet  are  theare  none  of  them,  in  my  judgement,  so  sleight  or  ridiculous, 
but  that  they  carry  with  them  some  presage  or  forewarning :  and,  being  thriftely 
used,  may  become  as  proffitable  to  the  willing  mynde,  as  the  drye  tyme  is  to  the 
bees  hyve ;  much  more  then  are  the  accidents  to  be  marked,  which  in  themselves 
bewray  that  they  are  sent  from  above,  as  manyfest  tokens  of  God's  wrathe  or  will. 

And  because  I  knowe  your  Majestye  to  be  as  depe  in  judgement  as  you  are  gra- 
cious in  favorable  construction,  I  will,  by  your  Highnes  leave,  presume  to  allego- 
ryse  this  adage  in  such  simple  sorte  as  my  slender  capacytye  is  able,  referring  both 
my  tryfelyng  travayle,  and  myne  unsemely  selfe,  to  the  dome  which  my  duty 
bodeth,  and  the  grace  which  your  Sovraugnty  will  vochsafe. 

Thonder  then,  say  I,  is  an  apparent  token  of  God's  wrath  and  displesure,  not 
only  because  it  hath  byn  by  poeticall  invencions  so  expounded,  but  because  we  see 
by  experience,  that  it  never  (or  very  seldom)  bringeth  good  effects  with  it;  whereas 
all  other  sodeyn  changs  in  the  ayre  or  planets  are  ether  of  themselves  comfortable 
and  profitable,  or  ells  they  are  some  myttigacion  of  greter  extremyties.  The  parch- 
ing soonshyne  dryeth  up  and  cleareth  all  unholsome  mysts  and  vapoures.  The 
great  dashes  of  rayn  allay  the  extremmyties  of  heate  uppon  the  face  of  the  earth. 
The  frost  seasoneth  the  ground.  The  snow  comforteth  both  grasse  and  corne. 
And  the  hayle  (which  of  the  rest  is  most  vehement)  doth  draw  downe  grosse 
humors  congealed  in  the  ayre,  which  otherwise  might  grow  to  greater  inconve- 
nyence.  Only  thonder  with  lightning  his  messenger  do  beate  down  corn,  grasse, 
and  fruit,  consume  the  foyson  of  the  earth,  and  many  tymes  do  destroy  our  habi- 
tacions  and  restinge  places  :  wheareby  we  maye  planelye  perceyve,  that  it  is  a  type 
or  perfecte  token  of  God's  wrath  and  indignation  conceyved  agaynst  us. 

Well  it  weare  high  tyme  that  I  shoulde  shorten  this  tedyous  preamble,  and  re- 
tourne  to  paraphrase  uppon  my  adage  according  to  my  promesse,  since  I  may 
sooner  mynyster  matter  to  make  your  Majestye  smyle  at  my  folly,  then  sett  downe 
such  reasons  as  are  worthey  the  attentyve  readynge  of  so  lerned  a  Pryncesse. 

Shall  we  then  take  this  text  grossely  or  litterally  as  it  standeth,  saying,  that 
thonder  bruiseth  the  bones,  withoute  blemyshe  seen  on  the  fleshe  ?  or  breaketh 
the  sword,  and  hurteth  not  the  skaberd?  God  forbyd — 

"  But  thonder  (being  as  I  have  sayd)  the  wrath  of  God,  doth  often  puny  she  the 
sowle  of  man  when  his  body  seemeth  to  florishe  in  greatest  prosperitye,  yet  secretly 
cracketh  the  skyes  of  his  conscyens,  when  he  tryumpeth  most  to  the  owtward  eye 


THE   HERMIT'S   TALE   AT   WOODSTOCK,  1575-  555 

of  the  world  ytt  breaketh  the  blade  of  his  rashe  determinacions,  though  ytt  leave 
the  scaberd  of  dissimulation  whole  and  untouched  ;  for  trewly,  my  good  Sove- 
reigne,  I  compt  the  thoughts  of  man  to  be  fowle,  how  fayr  so  ever  his  pretences 
are,  nott  unlike  the  filthynes  of  his  fleshe  and  entrayles,  which  are  clenly  covered 
with  a  fyne  fyllme  of  comely  skynne." 

And  this  allegorycall  exposicion  of  thoonder  have  I  pretely  pyked  owt  of  myne 
owne  youthfull  pranks ;  fyndyng,  by  deare  experyens,  that  God,  seeing  the  croked- 
nes  of  my  waves,  hath  brused  my  bones,  though  not  blemyshed  my  fleshe  ;  and 
broken  my  sword,  not  touching  the  scaberd.  He  hath  overwhelmed  my  pryvy 
thoughts  with  contynuall  regreate,  though  owtwardly  I  march  amongst  the  rankes 
of  delightful]  darlyngs.  He  hathe  brused  my  bones  with  the  scourge  of  repent- 
ance, though  my  body  beare  the  shew  of  a  wanton  and  waveryng  worldling.  And 
he  hath  broken  the  blade  of  my  headye  will,  though  the  scaberd  of  my  wishinge 
remayn  hole  and  att  libertye.  But  synce  the  judgments  of  the  Almighty  are  nott 
moveable,  synce  tyme  past  cannot  be  called  agayne,  synce  had  I  wyst  is  a  symple 
signe  of  discrete  government,  I  am  forced  in  theis  extremityes  to  take  comforte  in 
one  other  observacion  which  we  fynde  in  worldly  occurrents  ;  "  for  we  see  that  one 
self  same  soon-shyne  doth  both  harden  the  clay  and  dissolve  the  waxe,  wheareby 
I  am  encouraged  to  gather,  that  as  God  (by  his  wrath  justly  conceyved)  hath 
strooken  me,  so  (by  his  mercy  pyttefully  enclyned)  he  may,  when  it  pleaseth 
him,  gracyously  recomfort  me,  and  the  same  soone  which  shyneth  in  his  justice 
to  correct  stubborne  offenders,  may  also  glister  in  his  grace  to  forgeve  the  peny- 
tent  synner." 

Theis  things,  leege  Lady,  I  am  bold  thus  rudely  to  draw  in  sequens  before  the 
skyllfull  eyes  of  your  lerned  Majestye,  fyndyng  my  youth  myspent,  my  substance 
ympayred,  my  credytt  accrased,  my  tallent  hydden,  my  follyes  laughed  att,  my 
rewyne  unpyttyed,  and  my  trewth  unemployed.  All  which  extremyties,  as  they 
have  of  long  tyme  astonyshed  myne  understanding,  so  have  they  of  late  openly 
called  me  to  God's  gates  ;  and  your  Majestye  being  of  God,  godly  and  (on  earth) 
our  Sovereign  by  God  appoynted,  I  presume  lykewyseto  knock  at  the  gates  of  your 
gracyous  goodnes,  hopyng  that  your  Highnes  will  sett  me  on  work  though  yt  were 
noone  and  past  before  I  soughte  service.  For,  most  gracyous  Lady,  although  I 
have  over-long  loytered,  although  I  have  garishly  gadded,  although  I  tylled  the 
soyle  of  fancy,  and  reaped  the  fruite  of  folly,  I  may  not  yett  allwaise  wander 
wyldlye,  nor  fynallie  conclude  to  dispayre  cowardly;  "  I  maye  not  (like  a  babe) 


556  the  hermit's  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575- 

for  one  tryfle  taken  frome  me  throwe  awaye  the  rest  which  mighte  have  heaped 
my  contentacyon,  I  may  not  so  much  mervayle  att  other  men's  good  happes,  that 
in  the  meane  while  I  forgett  myne  owne  defects. 

"  For  as  fencers,  before  they  be  made  maisters,  must  challenge  and  abyde  all 
comers,  so  magnanymytye  and  true  fortitude  must  be  content  to  abyde  all  frownes 
of  fortune,  before  they  atteyne  to  the  height  of  her  wheele  ;  and  more  com- 
mendable is  he,  which  (in  poverty)  stryveth  that  no  man  excell  him  for  vertews, 
then  he  (which  in  prospreytie)  grudgeth  att  another  man's  advancement." 

And  will  your  Majesty  geve  me  leave  a  little  to  playe  with  myself,  or  arogantly 
to  tomble  owt  of  myne  owne  mowth  a  speeche,  thatt  with  much  more  modesty 
mighte  have  byn  delyvered  by  others.  I  will  saye  then,  that  I  fynd  in  myself  some 
suffycyency  to  serve  your  Highnes,  which  causeth  me  thus  presumpteowsly  to  pre- 
sent you  with  theis  rude  lynes,  having  turned  the  eloquent  tale  of  Hemetes  the 
Heremyte  (wherwith  I  saw  your  lerned  judgment  greatly  pleased  at  Woodstock) 
into  Latyne,  Italyan,  and  Frenche ;  nott  that  I  thinke  any  of  the  same  translacions 
any  wise  comparable  with  the  first  invencion  ;  for  if  your  Highnes  compare  myne 
ignorance  with  th'auctors  skyll,  or  have  regard  to  my  rude  phrases  compare^  with 
his  well  polished  style,  you  shall  fynde  my  sentences  as  much  disordered  as  arrows 
shot  out  of  ploughes  ;  and  my  theames  as  unaptly  prosecuted  as  hares  hunted  with 
oxen  ;  for  my  Latyne  is  rustye,  myne  Itallyan  mustye,  and  my  Frenche  forgrowne. 
I  meane,  my  Lattyne  over  long  yeared,  my  Itallyon  to  lately  learned,  and  my  French 
altogether  owt  of  fashyon. 

But  yet  such  Itallyan  as  I  have  lerned  in  London,  and  such  Lattyn  as  I  forgatt 
att  Cantabridge,  such  Frenche  as  I  borrowed  in  Holland,  and  such  English  as  I 
stale  in  Westmerland ;  even  such,  and  no  better  (my  worthy  Sovereigne)  have  I 
here  poured  forth  before  you  ;  most  humbly  beseching  your  Majestye,  that  you 
will  vouchsafe  gracyowsly  to  looke  ynto  your  loyall  subject,  and  beholde  me 
(coomly  Queene)  not  as  I  have  byn,  butt  as  1  am  ;  or  rather,  not  as  I  am,  but  as 
I  would  be  ;  for  I  spare  not  here  to  protest,  that  I  have  no  will  to  be,  but  as  I 
should  be. 

Behold  here,  learned  Princesse,  nott  Gascoigne  the  ydle  poett,  wryting  tryfles 
of  the  Greene  Knighte ;  but  Gascoigne  the  satyricall  wryter,  medytating  eche  Muse 
that  may  expresse  his  reformacion.  Forgett,  most  excellent  Lady,  the  poesies 
which  I  have  scattered  in  the  world,  and  I  vowe  to  wryte  volumes  of  profitable 
poems,  wherwith  your  Majesty  may  be  pleased.     Only  employ  me,  good  Queene, 


THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575-  557 

and  I  trust  to  be  proved  as  dillygent  as  Clearehus,  as  resolute  as  Mutius,  and  as 
faytbfull  as  Curtius.  Your  Majestie  shall  ever  fynde  me  with  a  penne  in  my  righte 
hand,  and  a  sharp  sword  girt  to  my  left  syde,  in  utramque paratum ;  as  glad  to  goe 
forwards  when  any  occasyon  of  your  service  may  drive  me,  as  willing  to  attend 
your  person  in  any  calling  that  you  shall  pleas  to  appoynt  me.  My  vaunting  vayne 
being  nowe  pretyly  well  breathed,  and  my  arrogant  speeches  almost  spent,  lett  me 
most  humbly  beseche  your  Highnes  that  you  vouchsafe  to  pardon  my  boldnes,  and 
deigne  to  accepte  this  my  simple  New  yere's  gift. 

Some  newes  may  yt  seme  unto  your  Majestye,  that  a  poore  Gentleman  of  Eng- 
land, without  travell  or  instructions  (Lattyne  except)  should  any  way  be  able  to 
deale  with  so  manye  straunge  languages.  More  newes  should  it  be  to  my  frends, 
if  they  heard  that  any  vertue  had  advanced  me  to  your  service.  But  most  glad- 
some newes  should  I  thynke  them,  if  I  mighte  understand  that  your  noble  and 
worthey  mynde  had  but  only  vouchsafed  to  peruse  theis  rude  lynes. 

For  my  comfort  and  satisfaction  herin,  I  chefelie  crave  that  if  your  Majestie  doe 
any  way  mislike  this  my  bold  attempt,  you  will  yet  vouchsafe  to  kepe  yt  from  my 
knowledge;  "for  yt  is  one  especiall  comfort  a  man  to  be  void  of  understanding 
when  the  successe  of  his  occurrents  is  contrary  to  his  desire." 

I  am  your  Majestie's  loyall  subject,  borne  to  enheryte  the  freedom  of  your  do- 
mynyons,  and  thearewithall  have  byn  (more  than  ones)  recomforted  with  the 
plesant  sound  of  your  cherefull  voyce.  So  that  your  Highnes  hath  vouchsafed  to 
know  me,  and  that  (with  the  rest)  emboldened  this  interpryse;  wherin  I  presume, 
by  contemplacion,  righte  humbly  to  kysse  the  delycacy  of  your  imperiall  handes, 
beseeching  the  Almighty  to  blesse  you  with  many  prosperous  newe  ye:  es,  and  to 
enable  me  for  your  service  according  to  my  desiers,  this  furst  of  January,  1576*, 
and  ever,    Your  Majestie's  loyall  and  depely  affectionate  subject,    G.  Gascoigne. 


The  Tale  of  Hemetes  the  Heremyte,  pronownced  before  the  Queen's 

Majesty  att  Woodstocke,  1575. 

[He  speaketh  to  two  Knights  that  foughte  there.] 

No  more,  most  valyant  Knights.  Vyolence  must  geve  place  to  vertue.  And  the 
doubtfull  hazard  you  be  in,  by  a  most  noble  helpe  must  be  ended.  Thus  the 
immortall  gods  by   unmoveable  destyny   have  decreed.      Therefore  cease  your 


558  the  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 

fighte,  and  follow  me.     So  shall  you  here  that  you  would  little  beleeve;  and  shall 
have  with  me,  that  will  most  behove  you. 

[He  speaketh  to  a  Ladie  present] 

And  you,  faire  Lady,  fall  into  this  fellowshipp;  wheare  yt  shall  appere  Sibylla 
said  true,  and  youre  infortunes  shall  have  end. 

[He  speaketh  to  her  Majesty.] 

Most  excellent  Princesse,  forepoynted  from  above  with  your  presence  to  please, 
and  your  vertue  to  profitt,  more  then  you  are  aware  of;  how  much  you  are  bownd 
to  the  immortall  godds,  and  mortall  men  be  bownd  to  you,  oure  present  ease  will 
partly  prove.  But,  before  you  understand  the  worth  of  your  vertue,  it  may  pleas 
you  to  heare  the  varyblenes  of  our  adventures.  Not  longe  since,  in  the  country  of 
Cambaya,  which  is  scytuate  neere  the  mouthe  of  the  riche  ryver  Indus,  a  mighty 
duke  bare  domynyon,  called  Occanon,  who  had  heire  to  his  estate  but  one  onely 
daughter,  named  Gandina.  This  Ladie  then,  more  faire  than  fortunate,  lyved  most 
deare  to  her  father,  and  most  beloved  of  his  people.  But  to  prove  that  beawtie  is 
not  ever  a  benefitt,  nor  highe  estates  be  allwaies  the  happiest,  it  happened  within 
a  while,  Gandina,  soughte  by  many  that  were  great,  and  served  by  many  that  were 
worthy,  had  more  competytors  of  her  beawtie,  than  did  either  well  content  her,  or 
proove  it  comodyus  unto  her ;  for  Love,  which  is  not  leadd  by  order,  nor  chuseth 
by  appoyntment,  lymed  her  affection  unmoveably  with  the  lyking  of  a  Knight  (of 
estate  but  meane,  but  of  value  very  greate)  called  Contarenus,  who  exceedingly 
loved  her.  So  the  desires  of  many  other  was  somewhat  for  her  glory,  but  nothing 
for  her  gaine.  In  small  proces  of  tyme  (the  secret  tiers  of  their  fancies  disco- 
vered) the  smoke  of  their  desires  bewrayed  this  matter  to  her  father  longe  before 
they  woold.  The  Duke,  dissembling  what  he  sawe,  determining  to  disappoint  that 
he  most  misliked,  neither  made  challendge  to  the  Knighte,  nor  charged  his  daugh- 
ter for  any  love  was  betwixt  them  ;  but  devysed  away  (as  he  thoughte)  most  sure, 
but  (as  it  proved)  most  sorowfull,  to  sett  theis  lovers  in  soonder.  By  the  worke  of 
an  enchantresse  (most  cunnyng  in  her  kynde)  he  caused  Contarenus  to  be  caughte 
upp  and  carryed  in  the  ay  re  from  the  coaste  of  Cambaya  to  the  very  bounds  of  the 
Occean  Sea ;  which  cost  Occanon  twenty  thousand  crownes,  a  deare  price  of  re_ 
pentaunce.  But  it  is  no  novellty  Princes  to  make  their  willes  very  costly,  and  some- 
tyme  to  pay  deare  for  their  owne  displeasure.  Contarenus,  thus  straungely  devyded 
from  his  joy,  and  perplexed  above  measure,  was  charged  by  his  enchauntress  to 


THE   HERMIT'S   TALE   AT   WOODSTOCK,  1575-  559 

weare  this  punishment  with  patience,  which  necessyty  did  putt  on,  and  destyny 
wold  putt  of.  And,  ere  seven  yeres  came  aboute,  she  truly  assured  him  he  should 
have  for  his  rewarde  the  height  of  his  desire.  But  first  he  should  fighte  with  the 
hardyest  Knighte,  and  see  the  worthiest  Ladie  in  the  whole  world ;  (now)  the  whitest 
she  tould  him  he  must  take  the  garde  of  a  blynd  heremyte,  who  shold  recover  his 
sighte  and  he  his  satisfaction  both  at  one  tyme.  So  she  lefte  hym  on  the  erth,  and 
toke  her  way  agayne  into  the  ayre.  Gandina  now  lacking  longe  that  she  loked  for, 
(the  sighte  and  service  of  her  Knighte)  fell  soone  into  those  diseases  that  accompany 
suche  desire,  as  she  was  accombred  with  mistrust,  curyosity,  and  exceeding  unrest. 
At  last  (as  Princes  doe  fewe  things  so  pryvyly  but  they  have  partakers  of  their 
councell,  and  heires  to  crownes  lack  never  servants  of  hope,  which  be  curyous  to 
please  them)  the  devyse  and  dealynge  of  Occanon  came  to  the  eares  of  his  daughter; 
the  which  being  told  her,  "And  is  it  even  so  r"  quoth  Gandina.  "Care  Kings 
for  no  righte  ?  and  righte  cares  for  no  kingdome.  It  is  neither  the  court  of  Occa- 
non, nor  the  countrey  of  Cambaya,  that  I  can  accompt  of,  if  Contarenus  be  gone. 
Farewell,  unhappy  countrey,  and  most  cruell  father,  that  tournes  me  to  this  fortune 
to  follow  my  fayth :  which  neither  greatnes  of  estate,  nor  hazard  of  myne  adven- 
tures,  shall  make  me  forsake.  But  if  I  lose  not  my  lyfe,  I  will  fynde  Contarenus, 
if  he  be  in  the  world."  This  sayd,  she  pursued  her  most  hard  determynacion:  and 
taking  onely  a  damsell  with  her,  in  symple  habyte,  with  suche  things  as  were  ne- 
cessary, she  streighte  conveyed  herself  most  closely  from  the  borders  of  Cambaya; 
and  with  toyle  to  longe  to  tell,  passed  perills  past  beleefe,  till  at  last  she  arrived  att 
the  grott  of  Sibylla,  wheare  by  chaunce  she  mett  a  most  noble  Knight  cleped 
Loricus,  by  love  lykewyse  drawne  thither,  to  learne  what  should  betyde  him. 
This  Loricus  loved  a  Ladie  that  was  matchles  in  such  manner  as  was  straunge  ;  for, 
after  much  devyse  and  dyllygens  to  attayn  to  that  favour  that  she  wold  be  pleased, 
he  mighte  but  love  her  without  lokinge  for  rewarde.  Seeing  no  glympse  of  her 
lyking  his  utmost  devocion,  to  fynde  surely  owte  her  fancie  which  she  carryed  most 
closely,  he  made  a  straunge  assay:  with  all  semblamit  that  he  mighte  be,  he  shewed 
to  sett  by  her  but  little,  that  was  so  sought  for  all ;  and  the  better  to  colour  the 
passyon  he  was  not  able  to  conquere,  he  made  shew  of  choyce  of  a  new  mistress 
that  lived  every  day  in  her  eye  (a  pece  surely  of  price,  butt  farr  from  suche  a 
perle  as  his  hert  onely  esteemed)  ;  and  to  this  idoll  he  semed  to  offer  all  his  love,  and 
his  service,  leaving  no  manner  of  observance  that  to  love  apperteyneth,  as  wearing 
her  colour  on  his  back,  and  her  picture  in  his  bosome ;  keeping  her  company  before 


56*0  the  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 

all  other,  and  contynuing  most  att  her  comandement :  which  espied  by  the  Ladie 
that  indede  was  like  no  moe  (for  whatsoever  man  may  thinke  might  become  or 
content)  though  she  cared  not  for  his  choyce,  she  shewed  skorne  of  his  chaunge; 
and  disclosed  by  jelousy  that  love  cold  not  discover.     Which  Loricus  perceiving 
he  fell  by  and  by  to  consider  it  was  the  want  of  his  worthe  that  made  his  service 
unacceptable,  and  no  impossibyllyty  in  her  will,  to  receyvethem  to  serve  her,  that 
meryted  the  honor  of  suche  favor.     Therefore  he  lefte  his  owne  country,  and  be- 
tooke  hymself  altogether  to  travell  and  to  armes,  desiering  with  most  endevour  but 
to  deserve  that  reputacion,  as  this  greate  and  noble  mistress  wold  but  thinke  hym 
worthy  to  be  hers  thoughe  she  would  never  be  none  of  his.     So  thinking  no  toyle 
to  tough,  nor  no  attempt  to  hard  to  attayne  to  renowne,  he  wandered  through  the 
world,  till  by  paynfull  waies  he  came  to  Sybylla's  grott,  where  he  mett  Gandina. 
Theare  theis  two  lovers  having  occasyon  to  unfold  all  theire  fortunes,  the  Ladie 
seking  to  knew  the  end  of  her  travell,  and  the  Knighte  some  advyse  for  the  ease  of 
his  hope.     They  bothe  receyved  this  answer  of  Sibylla,  "  That  as  they  were  now 
coupled  by  fortune,  they  should  never  part  fellowshipe  till  they  had  found  owt  a 
place  wheare  men  were  moste  stronge,  and  women  moste  fay  re,  the  country  most 
fertyll,  the  people  most  welthy,  the  government  most  just,  and  the  Princes  most 
wourthy  :  so  should  the  Ladie  see  that  would  content  her,  so  should  the  Knighte 
here  that  would  comforte  him."     Now,  most  deare  and  best  deserving  Ladie,  ytt 
falles  to  my  purpose  and  your  prayse  to  say  somewhat  of  myselfe.     Oulde  though 
you  see  me  here,  and  wrynkled,  cast  into  a  corner,  yet  ones  have  I  byn  otherwyse^ 
a  Knighte  knowne  and  accepted  of  with  the  best  in  the  world,  and  lyving  in  a 
court  of  most  fame,  amongst  a  swarme  of  Knights  and  Ladies  of  greate  worthe 
and  greate  vertue,  wheare  beawty  had  the  base,  and  desire  soughte  the  goale.     Itt 
chaunced  me  to  love  a  Lady,  to  be  beloved  of  Love  hymselfe  if  he  could  have  but 
seen  her.  Butt  as  she  was  suche  as  didd  excel  I,  so  was  she  the  wonderfull  of  con- 
dicion,  withoute  disdayne  to  be  desiered,  but  most  deynty  to  be  dealt  with  ;  for 
touche  her,  and  she  would  tourne  to  twenty  dyvers  shapes ;  yett  to  none  but  to 
content  me  as  me  thoughte,  that  thoughe  still  to  touche  her  was  a  heaven.  And  so 
it  semed  by  my  hold  that  was  most  loath  to  lett  her  goe,  till  she  liked,  alas !  at  the 
last  to  putt  on  the  shape  of  a  tygresse,  so  terrible  to  behould  as  I  durst  holde  her 
no  longer :  and  being  so  escaped,  I  cold  never  more  sett  eye  on  her.     Madame, 
thus  began  my  payn  ;  but  you  here  not  yett  my  punyshment.  Being  shifted  from 
the  sighte  of  that  I  soughte  above  all  things  in  the  world,  and  then  little  delighting 


THE    HERMIT'S   TALE    AT   WOODSTOCK,  1575-  5^1 

to  loke  on  any  thing  ells,  I  toke  by  and  by  a  pilgrymage  to  Paphos  in  Cyprus,  trust- 
ing to  here  of  my  mistress  theare  where  Venus  most  was  honoured  :  whither  when  I 
was  come,  as  I  began  to  steppe  in  at  the  dores  of  her  temple,  I  was  sodenly 
striken  blynde.  Astonyshed  at  my  mischaunce,  and  understanding  no  cause,  I  fell 
on  my  knees,  and  sayd,  "  O  fayrestof  the  goddesses,  and  farthest  from  cruelty,  what 
hath  byn  my  fault  that  you  are  thus  offended  ?"  "  Thy  folly  and  presumpcion," 
quoth  Venus'  chapleyon,  as  I  gesse.  "From  my  youth  up,"  quoth  I,  "  I  have  byn  an 
honourer  of  vertue,  a  delighter  in  lernyng,  and  a  servant  of  love."  "  But  it  is  no 
parted  affection,"  quoth  he,  "  that  Venus  wil  be  honored  with.  Books  and  beawty 
make  no  matche ;  and  it  is  a  whole  man,  or  no  man,  that  this  goddesse  will  have 
serve  her."  And  therewithall  taking  me  by  the  shoulders,  he  thrust  me  oute  of  the 
temple.  So  with  sighes  and  sorrow  I  satt  downe  in  the  porche,  making  intercessyon 
to  Apollo,  the  peculyer  god  I  honoured,  to  have  compassyon  of  myne  estate.  Now 
faithfull  preyers  being  harde  ere  they  be  ended,  Mercury  comes  unto  me,  and  bids 
me  be  of  good  comforte.  "The  gods,"  quoth  he,  "be  just,  though  women  be 
angrye;  the  goddesses  be  all  fownde  to  have  this  fault,  Dianna  with  ^Ecteon, 
Pallas  with  Arachne,  Juno  with  Tyresias,  were  angry  withoute  measure ;  so  is 
Venus  now  with  thee.  The  cause,  with  the  remedy,  shal  be  told  thee  at  Delphos, 
whither  streighte  I  must  carry  thee :"  which  he  had  no  sooner  spoken,  but  by  and 
by  I  was  sett  in  the  temple  of  Apollo;  wheare,  first  demanding  my  fault,  the  ora- 
cle made  me  aunsvver,  "Thy  feare  and  not  thie  faith."  "And  what,"  quoth  I,  "  may 
be  my  remedy  ?"  "  The  best  beside  the  beawtyfullest,"  the  oracle  streighte  aunswered. 
And  with  this,  Apollo  his  priest  toke  me  by  the  hand,  recompting  unto  me  the 
whole  course  of  my  life,  whome  I  loved,  and  how  I  lost  her.  And  when  I  told  hym 
of  the  faythfullnes  of  my  service,  and  faultlesnes  of  my  meanyng,  of  the  varyablenes 
of  her  condicion,  and  at  last  of  the  fearfullnes  of  her  appearaunce;  "Ah,  good 
Hemetes,"  quoth  he,  "  it  is  not  the  kynde  of  women  to  be  cruel  I,  it  is  but  their  coun- 
tenance. And  touching  theire  varyablenes,  who  will  not  apply  himself  therto, 
shall  not  muche  pleas  them,  nor  longe  hould  them ;  neither  is  it  to  be  found  fault 
with.  Nature  itself  loveth  varyety,  so  it  be  withoute  deceipt.  Now  for  thy  fault- 
lesnes, it  sufficeth  not :  the  servant  of  Venus  must  not  onely  have  faith,  but  also 
lack  feare.  Feare  lost  thee  thy  mistresse,  and  thy  boldnes  to  enter  into  Venus's 
temple  being  unacceptable,  made  her  strike  thee  blynde.  Butt  Apollo  bids  me  tell 
thee, '  The  gods  will  receave  whome  women  forsake ;  and  eyes  shutt  from  delighte 
have  myndes  more  open  to  understanding.'  This  punyshment  shal  be  thy  profhtt. 
vol.  i.  4  c 


5^2  THE    HERMIT'S    TALE    AT   WOODSTOCK,  1575- 

Venus  can  barre  thee  but  from  her  felicytie  of  love ;  but  for  thy  devotion  thou 
bearest  to  Apollo,  he  geveth  thee  this  gift,  to  be  able  to  decypher  the  destyny  of 
every  one  in  love  ;  and  better  to  advyse  them  than  the  best  of  her  dearlings.  And 
further  now  doth  promise  thee,  in  revolution  of  yeres  thou  shalt  recover  thy  sighte. 
But  this  shall  not  betyde  thee,  tyll  at  one  tyme  and  in  one  place,  in  a  country  of 
most  peas,  two  of  the  most  valyaunt  Knights  shall  fighte,  two  of  the  most  constant 
lovers  shall  meete,  and  the  most  vertuous  lady  in  the  world  shal  be  theare  to  looke 
on.  And  when  thyne  eies  may  beholde  that  thy  harte  delighteth  in,  a  Ladie  in 
whome  enhabiteth  the  most  vertue,  learnyng,  and  beawtie,  that  ever  was  in  crea- 
ture, then  shall  they  be  opened,  and  that  shal  be  thy  warrant.  All  Apollo  saieth 
is  soothe,  the  whilst  it  is  determyned  thowe  shalt  dwell  in  an  Hermytage,  wheare 
nothing  that  longs  to  nature's  use  shal  be  lacking  unto  thee."  So  sodenly  I  was 
shifted  to  this  hill  hard  by,  wheare  I  have  wyntered  many  a  yere,  farre  from  the 
woes  and  wrongs  the  world  besides  is  full  of.  And  nowe,  best  Ladie  and  most 
beawtyfull,  so  termed  of  the  oracle,  and  so  though te  of  in  the  world,  what  the 
Enchantresse  told  Contarenus,  Sybylla  shewed  Gandina  and  Loricus,  and  what 
Apollo  said  to  me,  by  your  most  happy  comyng  is  veryfied.  The  most  hardy 
Knights  Contarenus  and  Loricus  here  have  foughte,  the  most  constant  lovers  Lo- 
ricus and  Gandina  here  be  mett,  and  I,  poore  Hemetes,  as  this  Knighte  knoweth, 
full  longe  blynde,  have  receyved  agayne  my  sighte.  All  which  happened  by  the 
grace  of  your  vertue,  with  the  best  so  muche  honored,  and  we  are  now  most 
bounde  to.  And  so  I  present  theis  noble  persons  to  pleas  you  with  their  service, 
and  myselfe  to  serve  you  with  my  prayers  :  and  leaving  the  lovers  to  their  delighte, 
must  leave  Loricus  this  advyse :  Knight,  persecute  thy  purpose,  it  is  noble  ; 
learnyng  by  me  not  to  feare,  and  of  thyself  to  take  payne,  remembring  nothinge 
notable  is  woone  withoute  difficulty.  Hercules  had  by  his  labour  his  renowne,  and 
his  ruyn  by  his  love.  Loricus,  thyne  ende  will  be  rewarde,  att  least  most  reputa- 
tion which  noblest  women  must  esteeme.  But  I  feare  I  have  to  longe  tyred  your 
most  noble  eares ;  and  therefore  onely  nowe  I  beseeche  your  Majesty  with  your 
happy  presens  to  honour  my  poore  home,  whither  I  meane  straighte  to  guide  you. 

This  tale  ended,  he  ledde  her  to  his  Hermytage;  wheare  when  he  was  come 
he  used  theis  words  following,  and  so  did  leave  her : 

"  Here,  most  noble  Lady,  have  I  now  broughte  you  to  this  most  symple  Her- 
mytage, wheare  as  you  shall  see  small  cunnyng  but  of  nature,  and  no  cost  but  of 
goodwill.     Myne  hower  approcheth   for  my  orysons ;   which,  according  to  my 


THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575.  56$ 

vowe,  I  must  never  breake.     I  must  here  leave  your  Majesty,  promysing  to  pray 
(as  for  my  soule),  that  whosoever  wishe  you  best,  may  never  wishe  in  vayne." 


Emblem.     A  leg  and  foot  treading  upon  a  worm. 

"  Spretaque  sic  vivunt,  sic  concalcata  resurgunt." 

[Alloquitur  equites  duos  qui  tunc  temporis  ibidem  pugnam  iniebant.] 

Satis  jam  (milites  invictissimi)  satis  decertatum  est;  virtuti  vim  cedere  oportet, 

ancepsque  martis  alea  nobilissimo  auxilio  dirimenda  est.     Sic  dii  immortales  in- 

evitabili  fato  decreverunt.    Absistite  itaque  pugna,  meque  sequimini.    Sic  audietis  ea 

quae  mini  me  credituri  estis,  mecumque  eo  fruemini  quod  vestri  permagni  intererit. 

[Alloquitur  heroinam  quandam  ibi  praesentem.] 

Tu  autem  (virgo  venustissima)  ad  hanc  te  societatem  adjunge,  ubi  facile  con- 
stabit  vera  esse  ea  omnia,  quae  fatidico  ore  cecinit  futuri  praesaga  Sibylla,  et  tuis 
jam  tandem  adventare  finem  aerumnis. 

[Alloquitur  Reginam.] 

Illustrissima  Princeps,  divinitus  dimissa  ut  esses,  quae  et  praesentia  nos  oblec- 
tares,  &  virtute  (opinione  magis)  prodesses  tua,  quantum  diis  debeas  immortalibus, 
mortales  autem  tibi,  hujus  nostri  acerbissimi  casus  recordatio  demonstrabit.  Sed 
priusquam  tantae  virtutis  tarn  admirabilem  (excellentissima  Princeps)  &  dignitatem 
dispicias,  placeat  quaeso  Majestati  tuae  varios  casus,  &  crebras  fortunae  nostrae  com- 
mutationes,  intueri.  Non  ita  multis  abhinc  diebus  in  terra  Carnbaiae,  quae  sita 
est  ad  ostium  Indi  fluminis  predivitis,  Occanon  Dux  quidem  magni  nominis,  et 
fama  percelebri,  rerum  potiebatur,  unicam  quam  duntaxat  habebat  filiam  Gan- 
dinam  (sic  enim  appellabatur)  principatus  sui  relicturus  haeredem.  Haec  a  forma 
(magis  quam  fortuna)  fcelix,  ut  chara  patri,  sic  omnia  grata  populo  &  perjucunda 
fuit.  Caeterum  non  semper  formae  decus  possessores  beat  suos,  nee  sublimis  sem- 
per fortuna  fcelix.  Exemplo  erit  Gandina,  ad  quam  cum  (eximia  oris  incensi 
pulchritudine)  permulti  nobiles  proci,  nee  pauciores  baud  mediocri  dignitate  servi 
confluxissent,  longe  plures  formae  rivales  habuit,  quam  aut  ipsa  percuperet,  aut 
rationibus  suis  magnopere  expediret.  Siquidem  amor  /qui  nullius  ad  vota  consilio 
directis  vestigiis  insistit,  sed  caeco  semper  praeceps  impetu  ruit)  sese  huic  dulcis- 
simae  virgini  in  venas  atque  medullas  sensim  infudit,  mentemque  illius  Contareni 
cujusdam  desiderio,  qui  earn  quoque  misere  deperibat  (haud  magni  sane  loci 
militis,  sed  maximae  virtutis)  incendit,  unde  adeo  factum  est  ut  ille  tantus  nobi- 
lium  amatorum  concursus  plus  ad  formae  famam,  quam  ad  mentis  tranquillitatem 


564  the  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 

delectationis  attulerunt;  etenim  non  ita  multis  interjectis  diebus,  igneus  ille  ardor 
qui  secreto  intus  exestuabat  incendio  se  prodit,  et  longe  antequam  i Hi  volebant,  ex 
fumo  flammas  incensis  subesse  pectoribus  persensit  pater;  veruntamen  dux  quae 
vidisset  dissimulanda  ratus,  atque  id  quod  tantopere  displicebat  novo  atque  inau- 
dito  commento  avertere  cogitans,  neque  equitem  neque  filiam  ullius  unquam  in- 
simulandum  amoris  existimabat.  Caeterum  quo  infelices  quam  primum  disjun- 
geret  amantes,  firmissimum  ad  id  ipse  (opinionis  errore)  consilium  suscepit,  sed 
ut  exitus  docuit  infaustum  nimis  et  perlugubre,  veneficae  cuidam  artificio  (quae  in 
suo  genere  scientia  longe  caeteris  omnibus  antecellebat),  Contarenum  in  aerem 
magno  miraculo  sublimem  rapi  fecit,  atque  Cambaia  in  ultimas  Oceani  oras  trans- 
ferri ;  quod  ut  fieret,  viginti  aureorum  millia  veneficae  dederat,  magna  hercle  pceni- 
tentiae  merces ;  verum  illud  principibus  in  viris  neque  novum  neque  inusitatum 
videri  debet,  quorum  plerumque  desideria  imanibus  solent  condiri  sumptibus, 
magnoque  maxima  interdum  emuntur  incommoda.  Contarenus  interea,  tarn 
admirabili  modo  ab  araore  divulsus  suo  consternatus,  atque  animo  supra  quam  dici 
potest  anxius,  a  venefica  admonebatur  uti  earn  quam  fatalis  inflixerat  eandemque 
brevi  depulsura  foret  necessitas  calamitatem  equo  et  recto  animo  perferret,  futu- 
rum  namque  (idque  persancte  recepit)  ut,  nondum  peracto  septennio,  patientiae 
premium  obtineret  suae,  votique  compos  fieret.  Ante  tamen  cum  perstrenuo  sibi 
milite  depugnandum,  &  heroinam  etiam  videndam,  unam  omnium  quas  sustinet 
terrarum  orbis  praecellentissirnam.  Interea  vero  caeci  Herernitae  curam  susciperet, 
&  quo  is  tempore  amissum  recuperaret  lumen,  eodem  ilium  id  ipsum  quod  tanto- 
pere. cupiebat  consequturum.  His  dictis  equidem  pertristi  et  lamentabili  fato 
eum  relinquens  in  aerem  denuo  subvolavit.  At  Gandina  dum  nusquam  Contare- 
num videt  suum,  nusquam  quae  eum  quem  antea  quotidie  (incredibili  cum  volup_ 
tate)  suis  irradiantem  oeellulis  intuere  consueverat,  aegra  animi,  iis  morbis  conflic- 
tari  cepit  quae  inseparabiles  talium  plerumque  cupiditatum  comites  existunt,  sus- 
picionibus  nimirum  et  crebris  curiosarum  querelarum  procellis,  turn  auxiferis 
undique  cogitationibus,  et  acerbissimis  cruciamentis  divexari.  Tandem,  neque 
enim  magnorum  principum  negotia  ita  clam  tractantur,  ut  non  multos  habeant 
consiliorum  participes,  regumque  haeredibus  nunquam  desunt  spei  satellites,  qui 
futurae  felicitatis  expectatione  illecti  quodvis  facinus  suscipere  recusant,  ad  aures 
infelicis  filiae  paternae  crudelitatis  fama  pervenit.  Quae  a  luctu  in  rabiem  versa 
(tantas  perbibit  medullas  amor)  "  Itane  vero  ?"  (inquit)  "  Nullane  regibus  Jus- 
ticiae  cura  ?     Nee  igitur  regnandi  Justiciae.     Neque  enim  Occanonis  aulam,  neque 


THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575-  56*5 

Cambaiae  resnum  tanti  aestimo,  si  sine  meo  mihi  Contareno  contabescendum  fuerit. 
Infoelix  o  patria,  tuque  o  crudelissime  pater,  valete,  qui  me  banc  hujus  nefandae  tem- 
pestatis  calamitatem  subire  cogitis,  te  ut  sequar  (alma  fides)  quam  utique  ut  violem, 
neque  celsa  fortunae  meae  dignitas  efficerit,  neque  periculi  magnitudo.  Etenim  si 
non  squallore  prius  et  lachrimis  confecta,  hanc  miserabilem  et  aerumnosissiniam  ani- 
mulam  dimisero,  nunquam  desistam  donee  te,  te,  (mi  Contarene)  ubicunque  terra- 
rum  es  invenero."  Haec  fata,  instituti  itineris  consilium  prosequitur,  unaque  dun- 
taxat  pedisequa  adhibita,  vilibus  induta  vestibus,  rebusque  omnibus  ad  vitam  per- 
tenuem  et  lugubrem  sustentandam  positis  atque  instructis,  clam  Cambaya  pro- 
ficiscitur.  In  itinere  vero  quas  quantasque  molestias  pertulerit  quibusque  fuerit 
jactata  casibus,  commemorare  et  longum  foret  et  auditu  certe  incredibile.  Nibilo- 
minus  tandem  post  anxios  ancipitesque  labores,  ad  Sibyllae  antrum  devenit.  Ibi 
Loricum  quendam  equitem  perillustrem,  qui  eo  quoque  saevo  compulsus  amore, 
fati  eruendi  causa  concesserat  offendit.  Heroinam  amabat  Loricus  iste,  qua  na- 
turae, qua  fortunae  dotibus  plane  incomparabilem,  sed  amore  mirabili  inusitatoque. 
Nam  cum  omnem  operam  omnesque  ingenii  ac  industriae  machinas  adhibuisset, 
earn  uti  se  apud  illam  in  gratiam  poneret,  nullo  ut  quamvis  alio  proposito  praemio 
permitteret,  tamen  semet  ipsum  ab  illo  duntaxat  amari.  Ilia  autem  immitem  se 
semper  atque  inexorabilem  praeberet  nihilo  prorsus  illius  inflecti  vel  sedulitate  vel 
observantia  commoveri  videretur ;  statuit  miro  quodam  artificio  arcana  mentis 
consilia  quae  ilia  tarn  caute  contexerat  expiscari.  Earn  itaque  cujus  amore  omnium 
inflammarentur  animi  (tanta  erat  vultus  venustas)  vili  se  pendere  prae  se  tulit, 
quoque  melius  cordis  (quod  restinguere  nequierat)  dissimularet  incendium,  novam 
sibi  Heroinam  eligit,  quae  quotidie  repudiate  oculis  observaretur,  pulchram  illam 
quidem  &  peramabilem,  sed  nihil  ad  hanc  quam  animo  medullitus  adamarat. 
Huic  se  Divae  totum  dederat.  Huic  sacra  quotidie  faciebat,  omnique  obsequio, 
cultu  et  observantia,  sese  ad  illius  fixit  arbitrium.  Nihil  omisit  eorum  quae  a 
percuriosis  amantibus  fieri  consuescunt,  adeo  ut  humeris  colores  ipsius  gestavit 
(obsequii  et  amoris  insignia)  in  sinu  autem  expressam  imaginis  formam  (a  perito 
artifice  eleganter  depicta)  circumtulerit.  Accedit  praeterea  quod,  caeteris  omnibus 
praeteritis,  in  illius  se  penitus  consuetudinem  immerserit,  seseque  totum  ad  ipsius 
nutum  voluntatemquc  converterit.  Haec  cum  animadvertissit  praestans  ilia  quae 
parem  omnibus  corporis  atque  animi  quae  conferri  a  natura  possent  muneribus 
nullam  unquam  invenit,  quamvis  de  delectu  magnopere  non  laboraret,  immutati 
tamen  amoris  contumeliam  indignius  ferre  visa  est ;   unde  factum  est  ut  quod 


$66  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575. 

Amor  nequierat,  Zelotipia  detexerit.  Siquidem  Loricus  plane  perspexit  indigni- 
tatem  illius  (non  autem  ullam  Heroinae  implacabilem  natura  importunitatem), 
facere  ne  grata  viderentur  ea  quae  ab  illo  proficiscerentur  officia,  facilem  quippe 
ipsam,  perque  benignam  videri ;  talemque  prorsus  quae  tanto  dignos  honore  porti- 
nus  susceptura  foret,  meritosque  mentis  affectura  praemiis.  Itaque,  relicta  patria, 
labori  atque  armis  totum  se  devovit,  omnique  conatu  in  hanc  duntaxat  cogita- 
tionem  incubuit,  earn  ut  demum  (meritorum  fama)  consequeretur  gratiam,  uti  ab 
hac  nobilissima  omnique  laudis  splendore  circumfluente  Heroina  dignus  conseretur 
qui  ipsius  esset,  quamvis  ipsa  illius  nunquam  futura  foret.  Proinde,  deserta  patria, 
nullos  non  experiundos  subeundosque  labores,  nullum  non  audendum  quamvis 
perarduum  facinus  existimans,  miseris  actus  erroribus  omnem  pene  terrarum 
orbem,  itineribus  asperrimis  difficillimisque  peragravit,  donee  tandem  ad  Sibyllae 
antrum,  ubi  Gandiniae  obviam  dederat  pervenit.  Ibi  vero  duo  amantes  isti  omnem 
fortunae  suae  acerbitatem  omnesque  quas  perpessi  fuerant  aerumnas  exponunt. 
Gandina  etenim  prelongi  laboris  finem  praenoscere  avebat.  Loricus  autem  cura- 
rum  et  spei  solamen  exoptabat.  Utrique  tandem  Sibylla  hanc  in  sententiam 
respondit:  "Quod  quemadmodum  jam  societate  conjuncti  erant,  ita  a  consortio 
non  se  abstraherent  donee  eo  tandem  pervenissent  ubi  homines  strenuissimi,  terra 
fertilissima,  foeminae  pulcherrimae,  populus  ditissimus,  regimen  justissimum,  Prin- 
cepsque  dignissima  invenirentur.  Sic  autem  Heroina  quod  magis  optaret  videret, 
milesque  solamen  animi  sui  exaudiret."  Jam,  praestantissima  Princeps,  omnique 
virtutis  decore  circumfusa,  turn  hujus  instituti  sermonis  ratio,  turn  laudum  tuarum, 
praecellens  splendor  et  dignitas  admirabilis,  postulare-videntur  ut  de  meipso  non- 
nihil  dicam.  Senem  quamvis  me  (Regina)  videas,  effcetum  viribus,  squallidum, 
rugis  deformem,  et  velut  mortalium  omnium  exclusissimum,  banc  in  solitudinem 
et  tenebras  detrusum  ;  tarnen  fui  (Regina)  fui  quondam  inclyti  nominis  eques, 
summoque  in  honore  habebar  ab  his  qui  fortitudinis  turn  fama  perinsignes  totam 
pene  terrarum  orbem  rerum  gestarum  gloria  compleverant :  versanti  autem  mihi 
quotidie  in  aula  celebri  atque  pernobili,  fortissimis  undique  equitibus  ac  heroinis 
excellenti  venustate  ac  virtute  praeditis  affluentibu.s,  ubi  pulchritudo  formaque 
palmam  temere  meritis  autem  prcemia  cessere,  evenit  ut  cujusdam  Heroinae  amore 
miser  implicarer,  cujus  in  ore  tantus  fluxit  honos  tantaque  majestas,  Veneris  et 
ipse  Alius  si  earn  conspexisset  eodem  proculdubio  proflagrasset  incendio.  Verum 
enimvero  quemadmodum  illius  in  ore  Venus  omnes  suavitates  atque  delitias  illigarat 
suas,  ita  Natura  fluctuoso  illam  ingenio  finxit,  et  plane  mirabili ;  siquidem  amantes 


THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575.  5^7 

ilia  quidem  non  est  aspernata  suos,  sed  inexpiabilem  se  semper  praebuit  ac  diffici- 
lem,  omniumque  quae  unquam  vixerunt  maxime  intractabilem.     Etenim  si  quando 
tetigissem,  in  centum  se  protinus  verteret  formas,  nullam  autem  speciem  unquam 
suscipere  visa  est  quae  non  oculos  meos  incredibili  voluptate  perfunderit.     Sic 
nimirum  (Regina)  eo  contactu  afficiebar,  ut  quoties  is  mihi  contigit,  in  ccelo  cum 
diis  immortalibus  versari  viderer,  facile  autem  id  quivis  intelligere  potuisset  quan- 
doquidem  semel  si  apprebendissem  denuo  demittere  mortis  erat  instar,  donee  se 
tandem  in  Tigridem  convertit.     Turn  vero  monstro  conterritus  amplius  contueri 
non  audebam,  itaque  mihi  e  manibus  elapsa,  nunquam  se  postea  conspiciendam 
praebuit.      Ex    hoc  fonte  (Regina)  initio  dolores  redundarunt  mei.      Nondum 
tamen  audis  quae  poena  hanc  tantam  acerbitatem  exceperit.     Nam  cum  hunc  in 
modum  ejus  rei  privarer  aspectu  quam  supra  terrena  omnia  concuperiverem,  adeo 
ut  assidue  in  earn  intuens,  in  eaque  oculis  semper  et  cogitatione  defixus  nullam 
prorsus  caeteris  in  rebus  contemplandis  voluptatem  perceperim,  statim  Cyprum 
versus  ad  insulam  Paphos  peregrinari  caepi,  meque  hac  spe  miser  consolabar,  fore 
ut  illic  aliquid  certi  de  mea  cognoscerem,  quandoquidem  Venus  ibidem  religiosis- 
sime  coleretur.     Eo  cum  venissem  atque  templi  jam  limen  institissem,  illico  me 
oculis  captum  sensi.     Tarn  horrendo  obstupefactus  casu  neque  ullius  mihi  conscius 
sceleris,   in   genua  provolutus,  haec  lamentabili    voce   profudi :    "  Alma   Venus, 
dearum    omnium   pulcherrima,   quaeque    ab  omni  prorsus    crudelitate  abhorres, 
quod  in  te  tantum  facinus  admisi,  quo  numen  mihi  tuum  tarn  infestum  reddi- 
derim  ?"     "  Stultitia  et  temeritas    tua,"    respondit    (uti    reor)    Veneris  Antistes. 
"  At,  inquam,  a  teneris  unguiquulis  virtutis  amator  fui,  doctrinae  cliens,  captivus 
amoris."     "  Imo   vero   (inquit   ille)    simplex,   non   dispartitus   esse  debet  is  qui 
Veneri  defertur  honos  ;  invigilare  studiis  non  adeo  Veneri  convenit ;  totum  nempe 
dea  hominem  aut  omnino  nullum  requirit."     His  dictis,  continuoper  humeros  vio- 
lenter  arreptum,  templo  me  praecipitem  ejecit.     Turn  vero  acri  percitus  dolore 
aegrisque  imo  ductis  pectore  suspiriis,  in  porticu  ubi  mcestus  consederam,  Apollinem 
peculiarem  meum  quern  prae  ceteris  semper  colui  Deum  obsecrabam,  ut  supplicis 
sui  sortem  indignam  commiseresceret.    Enimvero  quae  fide  concipiuntur  vota,  iis  vix 
dum  finitis,  protinus  occurrunt  ccelites,  astitit  namque  mihi  precanti  Mercurius. 
"  Et  bono  sis  (inquit)  animo,  quamvis  enim  mulieres  ira  et  indignatione  acrius  inter- 
dum  effervescant.    Dii  tamen  aequi  semper  atque  placabiles  esse  consueverunt ;  hoc 
morbo  laborant  pleraeque  omnes  Deae,  sic  Diana  Acteoni,  Arachnae  Pallas,  Tyresiae 
Juno,  preeter  modum  omnes  adversae  infestaeque  fuerunt,  veluti  jam  tibi  quoque 


568  the  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 

Venus.  Tantarum  autem  irarum  causae  una  cum  remedio  Delphis  tibi  postmodum 
aperientur,  quo  transferri  te  confestim  oportebit."  Haec  fatus  in  templo  Apollinis 
protinus  me  constituit,  ubi  primum  cum  ab  Apolline  suscitarer  qua  in  re  deliquissem, 
editum  est  oraculum  hujuscemodi :  "  Formido,  non  tua  fides."  "  Et  quod  igitur 
(inquam)  remedium  ?"  "  Praeter  (inquit)  pulcherrimam,  praestantissima."  Exinde 
vero  Apollinis  sacerdos  manu  me  prehendit,  omnesque  anteactae  vitas  meae  miserias 
atque  aerumnas  enumeravit,  cujus  amori  me  dederam,  ac  quibus  earn  modis  per- 
dideram,  atque  hie  cum  ego  fidei  constantiam,  mentis  integritatem,  herae  meae  varios 
volubilesque  mores,  speciem  denique  in  quam  se  induerat  terribilem,  indicassem. 
"Ah  bone  Hemetes  (inquit)  non  ita  medius  fidius  natura mulieres  implacabiles  sunt 
atque  immites,  sed  vultu  duntaxat  ita  se  componunt,  ut  quamvis  non  sint,  crudeles 
videantur  tamen.  At  varietatem  quis  in  fcemina  reprehenderit,  quin  potius  tem- 
pestati  obsequeris,  teque  ad  earum  voluntates  atque  ingenia  accom modes,  secus  enim 
qui  fecerit,  is  certe  neque  placere  multum  poterit,  neque  expetitis  diu  perfruetur 
voluptatibus.  Quanquam  quid  est  quod  eo  nomine  mulieres  in  crimen  voces  ? 
Ipsa  natura  siquidem  quam  non  insidiosae  varietatis  amans  ?  De  innocentia  vero 
quod  attinet  dicere  ?  Innocentem  esse  non  hoc  quidem  ad  id  quod  quaeritur  satis  est; 
Veneris  enim  clientes  non  fide  solum  praeditos  esse  oportet,  sed  omnis  formidinis 
expertes.  Nam  quod  desiderium  amiseris  tuum,  timoris  erat  id  quidem  tui,  quod 
occulos  audaciae  (quippe  qui  Veneris  Templum  alienissimo  etiam  tempore  invisus 
intrare  non  dubitares)  ;  veruntamen  haec  uti  renuntiarem  mandavit  Apollo,  con- 
suesse  Deos  immortales  eos  in  fidem  suscipere  quos  a  se  mulieres  ablegarint,  & 
clausis  ad  libidem  oculis  perclara  tamen  scientiae  lumine  saepenumero  collustrari. 
Et  quidem  haec  pcenae  calamitas  plus  tibi  ad  vitam  recte  instituendam  momenti 
attulerit,  quam  oculorum  tuorum  caecitas  damni  aut  dedecoris  inflixerit ;  oculis 
enim  te  duntaxat  &  amoris  foelicitate  privavit  Venus.  Apollo  vero  (tanti  est  apud 
ipsum  is  quo  eum  prosequeris  honos)  hoc  tibi  concessit,  futuri  ut  praescius  quo 
quisquis  fato  amet  praenosceres,  plusque  consilio  multo  quam  qui  sit  ex  Veneris 
delitiis  valeres.  Pollicetur  deinceps  fore  ut  post  aliquot  annos  amissum  lumen 
recuperes,  sed  hoc  non  ante  tibi  contigerit,  quam  uno  eodem  et  loco  et  tempore 
in  regione  pacis  atque  otii  gloria  florentissima,  dum  inter  se  equites  strenuissimi  duo 
conflixerint,  totidemque  constantissimi  amantes  obvii  ibidem  erunt,  intereritque 
huic  spectaculo  praestabili  insignique  virtute  Heroina,  una  omnium  quas  orbis  ter- 
rarum  sustinet  amplissima  ;  cum  itaque  oculis  tuis  contra  tueri  licebit,  ad  quod  tibi 
maxime  cordi  futurum  scio  (praecellenti  virtute  Principem,  et  eruditione  incom- 


THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575-  5^9 

parabili  rendundantem,  natura  vero  ipsius  habitu  tam  divino,  nullo  et  unquam  mor- 
tali  in  corpore  par  decus  ac  pulchritude*  exstiterit),  turn  demum   (nam  id  tibi 
signi  instar  erit)  oculi  confestim  aperientur.     Nihil  Apollinis  oraculo  certius,  tibi 
autem  interea  ista  dum  eveniant,  solitaria  quadam  in  cellula  manendum  est,  ubi 
omnia  ad  usum  naturae  necessaria  suppeditabuntur."     His  dictis,  hoc  in  colle  quern 
juxta  vides  protinus  constitutes  sum,  quo  in  loco  multos  jam  annos  incultam  quidem 
et  sordidam,  sed  tranquillam  vitam  extraxi,  asrumnarum  earum  omnium  atque  inju- 
riarum  expers,  quibus  impurus  atque  lachrymabilis  mundus  undique  scatet.    Nunc 
igitur,  Princeps  augustissima,  mortalium  et  optima  omnium  et  pulcherima,  sic 
Apollinis  oraculo  dicta,  sic  universi  terrarum  orbis  consensu  celebrata ;  quicquid 
Contareno  venifica,  Gandinae  et  Lorico  Sibylla,  mihi  autem  Apollo  praedixerant,  ea 
omnia  tuo  fcelicissimo  illustrantur  adventu.     Contarenus  &  Loricus  milites  impi- 
gerrimi  depugnarunt ;    Loricus  et  Gandina  (Amatores  fidelissimi)  convenerunt. 
Ego  autem  pauper  Hemetes,  qui  perdiu  quemadmodum  scit  miles  iste  in  hisce 
silvosis  latebris  caecus  dilitui,  nunc  tandem  te  (Regina)  sexus  tui  lumen  et  totius 
stellam  intueor.    Haec  excellenti  et  peradmirabili  tuae  virtutis  magnitudine  confecta 
sunt,  quae  ut  optimi  cujusque  mentem  sacra  veneratione  perfundit,  sic  nos  sibi 
devotos  aeternum  obstrinxit.     Quapropter  hos  nobilissimos  ac  perillustri  praeditos 
virtute  viros  tuae  Majestati  (Regina)  commendo,  obsequio  proculdubio  et  observantia 
magno  tibi  semper  usui  ac  voluptati  futuros,  me  autem  ipsum  qui  ardentissimis 
apud  Deum  Opt.  Max.  votis  per  incolumitate  tua  susceptis,  amplitudini  ut  tuae 
perpetuo  deserviam.     Prius  tamen  quam  amatores  nos  expetitis  desideriis  reli- 
quero,  Loricus  paucis  admonendus  mihi  videtur.     Macte  itaque  virtute,  miles ; 
disce  ex  me  (siquidem  apprime  tibi  utile  fuerit)  nihil  timere  a  te  autem  ipso  dura 
pati.     Amat  ardua  virtus,  nihilque  praeclarum,  non  idem  difficile.     Labor  Herculi 
famam  attulit,  mortem  autem   amor.     Lorice,  ne  dubita  hie  exitus  erit,  virtutis 
tuae  praemium  (saltern  nominis  gloriam)  consequere,  quam  nobilissimae  fceminae 
ceteris  omnibus  rebus  anteponunt.     Sed  vereor  ne  Celsitudinis  tuae  auribus  nimis 
diu  submolesta  et  injucunda  fuerit  oratio  mea.     Quapropter  hoc  unum  deprecor, 
ut  humilem  hanc  meam  et  subagrestem  casulam  quo  te  confestim  deducturus  sum 
claris  et  praefulgentibus  Majestatis  tuae  radiis  illustrare  digneris. 

His  dictis  atque  peractis,  Majestatem  Regiam  in  cellulam  deduxit  suam,  ubi 
his  veniam  ab  eodem  petiit  verbis  : 

Jam  jam  (Regina  modis  omnibus  dignissima)  Majestatem  tuam  in  hanc  cellulam 
agrestem  conducere  prae  me  tuli,  ubi  non  artem  sed  naturae  dona,  neque  sumptus 

vol.  i.  4  d 


570  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575- 

inofficiosos,  aut  conditioni  meae  dissimiles  videre  dignabere.  Hora  enim  (prati- 
onibus  meis  assignata)  appropinquanti  (vota  namque  maximis  occasionibus  obstan- 
tibus  perimplenda  sunt)  Majestatem  tuam  ibidem  derelicturus  veniam  peto.  Deum 
tamen  ipsum  obtestor,  me  clementiam  misericordiamque  suam  (nam  secus  quam 
pro  anima  mea  (deprecaturum,  ut  qui  optime  Celsitudini  tuae  voluerint,  id  nusquam 
numquamve  frustra  deprecari  valeant. 

Tarn  Marti,  quam  Mercurio. 


Chi  tropo  abbracia  niente  spesso  tiene, 
Cosi  se  vede  un  huomo  ingordo  &  vile 
Contrario  a  me  ma  piu  di  volte  ruiene 
Per  far  monstrar  un  nuovo  &  strano  stile 
Piangendo  Io  vo  pe'l  molto  ben  bramare 
Che  tiene  'ltutto,  &  niente  puo  abbraciare. 
[Emblem.] — Gascoigne  endeavouring  to  encompass  a  bundle  of  sticks  in  his 
arms,  a  few  of  which  escape  him  ;  on  his  right,  a  Church  at  a  distance;  on  his 
left,  a  stump  of  a  tree,  putting  out  a  small  new  branch. 

Favole  di  Hemete  heremita  raccontata  in  presenza  di  sua  Macsta  a  Woodstok,  1575. 

[Parlando  a  duoi  Cavaglieri  combattenti.] 
Non  piu,  valorosissimi  Cavaglieri,  bisogna  che  la  violenza  ceda  alia  virtu,  e  che 
il  vostro  dubbioso  pericolo  con  un  nobilissimo  socorso  si  finisca.  Cosi  gli  Dei 
immortali  con  loro  destino  impermutabile  hanno  decretato;  pero  cessate  di  com- 
battere,  e  seguitatemi ;  cossi  facendo  udirete  cose  dificili  a  credere,  et  havrete  meco 
cio,  che  piu  vi  conviene. 

[Parlando  a  una  donna  presente.J 
E  voi  (Bella  Donna)  siate  ancor  di  nostra  compagnia,  cosi  vi  sara  manifesto,  che 
la  Sibilla  havea  profetizato  il  vero,  e  che  le  vostre  sciagure  haveranno  ahcor  sine. 

[Parlando  a  sua  Maesta.] 
Eccellentissima  Regina,  predestinata  da  cieli  per  piacer  con  la  vostra  presenza, 
e  per  giovar  con  la  vostra  virtu  piu  che  stimate;  quanto  vostra  Altezza  a  i  Dei 
immortali,  e  gli  huomini  mortali  a  vostra  Eccellenza  siano  ubligati,  hora  lo  stato 
nostro  ne  fara  pruova  manifesta.  Ma  prima  che  intendiate  il  valore  delle  virtu 
vostre,  piacciavi  d'udire  i  varii  casi  de  la  nostre  fortuna.     Ei  non  e  gran  tempo,  che 


THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575.  571 

nel  paese  di  Cambaia  presso  a  la  bocca  del  ricchissimo  fiume  chiamato  Indo,  regnava 
un  Duca  potentissimo  Occanon  addomandato :  il  qual  haveva  una  figliuolla  unica 
&  herede  del  suo  stato,  Gandina  nominata.     Era  questa  giovane  al  suo  padre,  et 
al  suo  popolo  tutto  carissima,  e  molto  piu  bella  che  fortunata.     Percioche  non 
essendo  la  bellezza,  ne  gli  alti  stati  sempre  felici,  avvenne  che  presto  essendo  ella 
da  molti  grandi,  e  degni  huornini  amata  et  servita,  et  havendo  per  la  sua  rara 
bellezza,  gran  numero  di  rivali  men  convenienti  al  suo  stato,  da  se  stessa  (come 
communmente  amore  mai  si  lascia  dal  consiglio  condurre,  ne  far  sua  scielta  per 
volere  d'altrui)  havea  volto  tutto  l'animo  suo  adamare  un  Cavagliero  Contereno 
chiamato,  d'assai   bassa  conditione,  ben  che  di  molto  alto  valore.     Ella  amava 
adunque  sopra  modo  questo  Cavagliere,  tanto  che  quel  che  facevan  tanti  altri  (del 
che  ella  non  di  meno  si  gloriaua)  tutto  era  nulla.     Ma  non  passaron  molti  di  che 
essendo  la  troppo  gran  fiamma  di  Gandina  e  di  Contereno  scoperte,  fu'  ancor  da 
lontano  il  fumo  dal  Ducca  veduto.    Del  che  ei  senti  grandissimo  dolore:  nondimeno 
dissimulando  cio  che  vedea,  e  proponendo  di  rompere  con  bel  modo  i  lor  desegni, 
non  voile  cossi  presto  accusare  il  Cavagliere,  o  riprendere  la  sua  figliuola,  per  la 
qual  cosa  trovo  una  astutia;  la  quale,  si  come  al'hora  gli  parve  sicura,  cossi  la  trovo 
poi  (come  spesso  aviena)  dolorosa  e  la  astutia  fu  questa,  di  far  dividere  gli  duoi 
amanti.     Impero  che  con  l'aiuto  d'una  maga  ne  la  sua  arte  accortissima  fe  pigliare 
il  Cavagliere,  e  alzandolo  nel'  aria  il  fe  trasportare  da  i  confini  di  Cambaia  fin  al 
ultimo  litto  del  mare  Occeano.     Questa  devisa  gli  costo  venti  mila  ducati,  prezo 
assai  caro  per  la  seguita  penitenza,  ma  non  e  cosa  nuova,  che  a  i  principi  costi  assai 
il  lor  volere,  &  che  tal  volta  comprino  tropo  caro  il  lor  dispiacere.     Contareno 
essendo  in  questa  strana  maniera  da  la  sua  carissima  inamorata  separato,  e  sopra 
modo  pensoso,  la  medesima  maga  il  conforto,  che  pacientemente  quella  angoscia 
sopportasse  essendo  de  la  necessita  costretto ;  che  il  medesimo  destino  poi  glielne 
libererebbe,  poi  gli  promise,  che  innanzi  che  passassero  setti  anni  acquiesterebbe 
il  suo  alto  desio  in  premio  de  suoi  travagli :  ma  prima  combatterebbe  col  piu  valo- 
roso  Cavagliere,  e  vederebbe  la  piu  degna  donna  di  tutto  '1  mondo.     In  questo 
mentre  ella  gli  disse  che  gli  bisognava  esser  guidato  da  un  Heremita  cieco,  il  quale 
riceverebbe  la  sua  vista,  &  egli  in  un  medesimo  tempo  il  suo  contento;  cosi  lascia- 
tolo  in  terra,  ei  sen'  ando  via  per  l'aria.     Hora  Gandina  privata  tanto  tempo  di  cio, 
che  piu  bramava,  cio  de  la  compagnia  &  servia  del  suo  Cavagliere,  fe  presto  aggra- 
vata  da  quelle  malatie  che  si  fatti  desii  accompagnano ;  cio  e  di  diffidenza,  di 
curiosita,  &  di  grandissimo  affanno,  &  inquietudine  d'animo.     Ultimamente  (si 


572  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575* 

come  i  principi  fanno  pochissime  cose  senza  communicarle  ad  altri  &  a  quegli  che 
hanno  ad  esser  heredi  de  la  corona  non  mancano  mai  servitori  per  la  speranza  del 
futuro  premio,  per  il  che  si  sforzano  di  far  loro  ogni  piaccere)  la  devisa  &  modo 
d'Occanon  furon  a  Gandina  pienamente  detti  e  racconti ;  &  la  cosa  intesa,  disse  la 
povera  giovane,  "  E  sta  la  cosa  cosi  ?  non  hanno  i  principi  debita  cura  del  dritto  ? 
bene,  &  il  dritto  ancor  non  si  cura  de  regni.     Ne  la  corte  d'Occanon,  n'ancor  la 
terra  di  Cambaia  mi  saran  di  nessuna  stima  havendo  perso  il  mio  dolcissimo  Conta- 
reno.     A  Dio  patria  infelice,  a  Dio  crudelissimo  padre,  che  misforzi  a.  tante  miserie 
per  mantener  la  mia  fede,  la  quale  io  non  voglio  rompere  ne  per  altezza  di  corona, 
n'ancor  per  pericolo,  quantunque  duro  e  terribile  sia.     Ma  mentre  a  Dio  piacera 
ch'io  viva,  io  vo  a  cercar  il  mio  Contareno  ovunque  sia  nel  mondo."     E  cossi  detto 
messo  in  essecutione  le  sue  fierissime  risolutioni  &  accompagnata  duna  sola  da~ 
migella,  vestita  vilamente,  con  provisione  de  cose  necessarie  pel  loro  vivere  secreta- 
mente  usci  da  i  confini  di  Cambaia,  &  con  grandissimo  travaglio,  passando  per 
incredibili  pericoli,  finalmente  pervenne  a  la  spelonca  d'una  Sibilla,  dove  per  caso 
incontrossi  in  un  Cavagliero  valorosissimo  chiamato  Lorico  d'amore  la  condotto 
similmente  per  saper  dalla  maga  del  fine  che  i  suoi  desii  havrebbono.     Questo 
Cavagliero  amava  sopra  modo  una  donna  che  non  haveva  pari  nel  mondo :  per  il 
che  dopo  molti  devisi,  &  diligenza  grandissima  per  ottenere  il  suo  favore,  accioche 
solamente  le  piacesse  esser  da  lui  amata  senza  altro  premio  de  suoi  servitii,  & 
vedendo  nessuno  inditio  ne  sembianza,  che  ella  gli  volesse  in  alcuno  modo  quelle 
concedere,  egli  per  poter  penetrare  ancora  nel  secreto  de  le  fantasie  di  quella,  fece 
una  strana  pruova,  impero  che  in  tutto  quel  che  faceva,  faceva  sembianza  di  non 
curarsi  piu  di  lei,  la  quale  d'ogni  altro  Cavagliero  era  tanto  amata.     Et  per  dar  piu 
vivo  colore  a  la  sua  intolerable  passione,  fe  sembiante  de  haver  posto  il  suo  cuore 
in  una  nuova  Signiora,  la  quale  vedeva,  e  parlava  ogni  di :  era  questa  donna  vera- 
mente  rara,  ma  non  d'accomparare  a  l'altra,  che  tanto  havea  gia  scrita  nel  cuore ; 
nondimeno  come  a  un  idolo  continovamente  l'adorava,  non  mancandole  di  quelle 
debite  riverenze,  che  gli  amanti  far  sogliono,  come  d'esser  vestito  de  suoi  colori,  & 
di  portare  secretamente  il  suo  ritratto,  accompagnandola  sempre  innanzi  ad  ogni 
altra  donna,  &  offerendosi  continovamente  al  suo  commando.     II  che  vedendo  la 
donna  (la  quale  in  fatti  era  incomparabile)  ben  che  non  si  curava  di  quella  novita 
non  gli  aggradiva  ancor  tropo  quel  cambio,  per  la  qual  cosa  per  la  porta  de  la 
gelosia  scoopri  cioche  l'amore  sempre  celato  teneva.     Del  che  avedendosi  Lorico 
fra  se  stesso  imagind,  che'l  mancamento  de  suo  valore  gli  rendeva  ogni  suo  servitio 


THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575'  573 

vano,  &  che  non  era  impossibile  che  la  sua  signora  accettasse  in  bona  parte  il  servitio 
di  tanti,  che  pur  favor  meritavano ;  perd  abbandonata  la  patria  si  diede  in  tutto 
a  peregrinar  pe'l  mondo,  &  seguitar  l'arme,  bramando  con  ogni  industria  d'acquistar 
solamente  tanta  reputatione  nel  mondo,  che  questa  sua  grandissima  &  illustrissima 
signora  lo  riputasse  degno  d'esser  suo  servidore,  ben  che  ella  giamai  al  suo  yolere 
inchinava.  E  cossi  poco  curandosi  d'alcun  travaglio  &  meno  temendo  alcuno 
periculo  pur  che  lo  conducesse  ad  honore,  pel  mondo  errava,  fin  che  alia  spelonca 
de  la  Sibilla  parimenti  arrivd ;  &  trovandosi  la  Gandina  (come  ho  gia  detto)  i  duoi 
amanti  comminciarono  apalesare  l'un  a  l'autro  le  lor  fortune.  Onde  la  donna 
cercando  d'intendere  il  fine  de  suoi  travagli,  e'l  Cavagliero  non  meno  sperando 
d'haver  qual  che  conforto  della  sua  speranza,  ad  ambidua  la  Sibilla  cosi  rispose ; 
che  si  come  per  caso  s'erano  insieme  quivi  ritrovati,  cosi  non  si  dividerebbono  l'un 
dal'  altro,  fin  che  pervenissero  ad  un  luogo,  dove  troverebbono  gli  huomini  piu 
forti,  le  donne  piu  belle,  il  paese  piu  fertile,  il  populo  piu  ricco,  la  republica  piu 
giusta,  &  la  principessa  piu  degna,  il  che  facendo  la  donna  vederebbe  cio  che  piu 
le  contentarebbe,  &  il  Cavagliero  udirebbe  il  suo  conforto. 

Hor  carissima,  e  degnissima  Regina,  mi  conviene  (senza  tacere  le  vostre  lodi) 
di  me  stesso  ancora  ragionare  un  poco.  Vostra  Majesta  mi  vede  male  in  arnese, 
vecchio,  &  de  rinze  pieno,  in  questo  cantone  dal  mondo  solitario;  nondimeno  io 
sono  stato  Cavagliero  ben  consciuto  &  riputato  fra  i  piu  valenti  del  mondo  ;  concio 
io  sono  stato  in  una  corte  molto  famosa  in  compagnia  di  molti  degni  Cavaglieri,  & 
di  donne  virtuose,  la  dove  la  belta  se  fe  innanzi,  &  il  desiderio  si  sforz6  di  haverne 
al  vittoria.  Hora  avvenne  che  per  sorte  amai  la  una  donna  veaamente  degna  d'esser 
dall'amore  stesso  (quando  gli  fosse  stato  possibile  di  vederla)  amata.  Ma  sicome 
ella  era  sopra  ogni  altra  ecceliente,  cosi  era  di  strane  maniere  anzi  ammirabili. 
Ella  non  sdegnando  d'esser  amata,  non  era  pero  mai  accostevole,  et  essendo  tal 
volta  toccata  in  varie  e  nuove  forme  subito  si  trasformava  ;  ma  in  nessuna  tanto 
horribile  (al  parer  mio)  che  non  pigliassi  piacer  di  vederla,  e  quando  tal  volta  la 
tocai  mi  pareva  d'esser  nel  paradiso,  e  la  teneva  si  volontieri  che  mai  la  lasciava  da 
me  partire,  fin  che  (ahi  lasso  me)  in  una  tigre  ultimamente  si  trasfiguro,  la  quale 
mi  pareva  tanto  terribile  che  piu  toccarla  non  ardiva,  per  la  quail  cosa  partitasi 
quella,  non  mi  fu  mai  fortunapoi  tanto  favorevoledi  reviderla.  Eccovi,  serenissima 
Regina,  le  mie  pene,  ma  non  sapete  ancora  i  miei  altri  martirii.  Impero  che 
essendo  separate  da  quella,  che  sopra  ogni  altra  amava,  aspetando  o  mirando  mai 
volontieri  ogni  altra,  io  andai   in  pelegrinagio  a  Pafos  in  Cipri,  sperando  udir 


574  THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575. 

nouelle  della  mia  signora,  la  dove  Venere  con  piu  grande  .divotione  e  riverita  & 
adorata.  Essend'  io  adunque  la  gionto,  &  volendo  entrare  al  suo  tempio  subito 
deveni  ciecco;  ma  atonito  &  astupefatto  per  la  sciagura  mia  senza  mia  colpa  (come 
io  pensava)  avenuta,  io  mi  messsi  in  ginochioni  dicendo,  6  Venere,  piu  bella  di 
tutte  le  Dee,  &  da  ogni  crudelta  alienissima,  qual  delitto  mio  te  ha  mossa  a  tanta 
indignatione  ?  la  sciocchezza,  &  presuntion  tua  rispose  (com'io  credo)  il  suo  sacer- 
dote.  Io  replecai  dicendo  ;  Io  ho  pur  in  fin  dalla  giouentu  mia  havuto  sempre  in 
prezzo  la  virtu,  &  ancor  dilettandomi  delle  lettere  son  stato  sempre  mai  servo 
d'amore.  Rispose  il  sacerdote,  Venere  non  vol  esser  servita  d'una  affettione  divisa 
&imperfetta:  come  s'acconcordano  le  lettre  con  la  bellezza?  Bisogna  che  con 
tutto  '1  suo  cuore  (over  nulla)  serva  eolui,  che  aquesta  Dea  serve.  E  questo  detto 
mi  prese  per  gli  homeri,  e  mi  scaccio  fuor  del  suo  tempio.  Al'hora  io  con  lagrime, 
&  con  sospiri  sedendo  al  portico  di  detta  Venere  supplicai  Apolline,  (che  e  il  Deo 
al  quale  havea  spetial  devotione,)  di  voler  haver  compassione  de  lo  stato  mio  tanto 
acerbo.  Hor,  si  come  le  orationi  fideli  sono  esaudite  in  cielo  prima  che  sian  finite 
in  terra,  Mercurio  mi  venne  a  confortare  dicendo,  gli  dei  sono  giusti,  benche  le 
donne  siano  sdegnose,  e  questa  malatia  hanno  ancor  le  Dee :  come  Diana  contra 
Acteone,  Pallade  contra  Arachne,  Junone  contra  Tyresia,  tutte  sono  state  sopra 
modo  adirate,  cosi  parimenti  e  Venere  adesso  contra  di  te.  La  causa  insieme  col 
rimedio  ti  fia  manifesta  in  Delfos  dove  mi  bisogna  subito  transportati.  Non  hebbe 
ancor  finito  il  suo  parlare,  quando  subito  mi  trovai  nel  tempio  d' Apolline,  e  la, 
domandogli  qual  fosse  il  mio  delitto:  il  tuo  timore,  &  non  la  tua  fede,  rispose 
l'oraculo.  Che  rimedio  mi  troverai  ?  diss'  io.  II  remedio  e  la  buonissima  oltre 
che  e  belissima,  diss 'egli.  Et  questo  detto  il  sacerdote  mi  piglid  per  la  mano, 
e  mi  racconto,  tutta  la  mia  vita  passata,  che  donna  amavatanto,  &  come 
l'havea  persa:  &  ripetendomi  la  fedel  mia  servitu,  &  la  pura  mia  intentione, 
le  varietade  le  sue  conditioni  insieme  con  la  sua  horribile  forma;  deh  povero 
te,  disse  Mercurio  :  caro  Hemete,  le  donne  di  lor  natura  non  son  crudeli,  ecceto 
solamente  in  apparenza.  Et  quanto  a  la  lor  varieta  colui,  che  non  vi  si  sa  ac- 
comodare,  non  puo  longo  tempo  compiacerle,  n'anche  ritenerle.  Non  e  cosa 
degna  di  reprehentione.  La  natura  stessa  si  diletta  di  varieta,  quando  si  fa  senza 
fraude.  Quanto  alia  tua  fedelta,  ella  non  era  assai.  Impero  che  i  servi  di  Venere 
deono  esser  non  solamente  di  fede  pieni,  ma  ancor  di  paura  voti.  II  tuo  timore 
t'ha  tolta  la  tua  Signora,  &  Venere  per  la  tua  presuntione  di  voler  senza  licenza 
entrar  al  suo  sacro  tempio  ti  ha  tolto  la  luce  degli  occhii. 


THE    HERMITS    TALE    AT   WOODSTOCK,   1575.  575 

Hora  Apolline  ha  voluto,  ch'io  ti  narri,  che  gli  Dei  per  la  lor  bonta  vogliono 
volontieri  ricevere  tal  volta  quelli,  che  dalle  donne  sono  stati  abbandonati,  e  hanno 
ancor  detto  che  gli  occhii  ritirati  da  piaceri  mondani  fan  no  la  mente  piu  attenta  ad' 
intendere  il  bene.  Questa  punitione  (disse)  ti  sara  utile.  Venere  solamente  ti 
potra  torre  la  felicita  d'amore,  ma  in  premio  della  divotione  che  tu  hai  sempre 
havuto  ad  Apolline,  egli  ti  fa  gratia  di  poter  predire  gli  destini  d'ogni  amante,  & 
ancor  di  acconsigliargli  molto  meglio  che  non  sapra  alcun  altro  a  Venere  carissimo, 
&  oltre  a  cio  ti  promette  che  col  tempo  la  vista  ti  sara  resa  ;  ma  cio  non  t'averra 
fatto  se  non  quando  in  un  momento,  &  in  un  medesimo  luogo  nel  paese  di  pace, 
due  valorissimi  cavaglieri  combatteranno,  e  due  fidelissimi  amanti  s'incontreranno 
&  la  piu  divina  donna  del  mondo  sara  presente  alio  spettacolo.  Al'hora  quando 
colli  occhii  tu  potrai  mirare  quel  che  qiu  t'agrada,  cio  e  una  donna  la  piu  compiuta 
d'ogni  virtu,  di  lettere,  &  di  belta,  al'hora  dico  ti  sara  resa  la  vista,  &  questo  sara 
infallibil  segno,  che  Apolline  non  predisse  mai  il  falso.  Fra  tanto  egli  e  stato 
ancor  risoluto  che  tu  ti  ritiri  ad  un  hermitagio,  la  dove  ogni  cosa  neeessaria  ti  sara 
proveduta,  &  cosi  io  fui  subito  trasportato  a  questo  prossimo  monticello,  dove 
molti  anni  invernai  lontano  dalle  miserie,  &  injurie  del  Mondo. 

Hora  Signora,  dal'  oracolo  chiamata  la  migliore  e  la  piu  bella  del  mondo,  e  cosi 
creduta  da  tutti  i  immortali,  quel  che  la  incantatrice  disse  a  Contareno,  e  tutto 
quel  che  a  Lorico  &  Gandina  predisse  la  Sibilla,  e  tutto  quel  che  a  me  Apolline 
promise  con  la  vostra  real  e  felice  presenza  e  verificato. 

I  valentissimi  Cavaglieri  Contareno  &  Lorico  han  qui  combattuto:  i  fedelissimi 
amanti  Lorico  &  Gandina  si  sono  qui  incontrati :  et  io  povero  Hemete  (come  ben 
sa  questo  Cavagliere)  essendo  stato  molti  anni  cieco  ho  ricoverato  la  luce  de  gli 
occhii :  &  tutto  questo  e  avvenuto  per  la  gran  gratia  de  le  vostre  infinite  e  singolari 
virtu,  le  quali  i  boni  ammirano,  e  noi  parimenti  per  obligo  riveriamo. 

E  perd  io  vi  voglio  presentare  queste  persone  nobili,  &  me  stesso  con  preghi 
devotissimi  per  servirvi.  Ma  lasciando  gli  amanti  a  lor  piaceri,  bisogna  che  prima 
io  ammonischi  un  poco  Lorico. 

Cavagliere  sta  fermo  nel  tuo  proposito :  per  che  e  veramente  degno  &  nobile : 
imparando  da  me  a  non  haver  paura  &  a  durare  da  te  stessa  ogni  fatica :  non  ti 
dimenticare  che  le  cose  grandi  non  s'aquistano  senza  gran  difficulta.  Hercule  per 
sua  industria  e  grandissimi  travagli  acquisto  gloria  &  per  l'amore  la  morte.  Lorico, 
il  tuo  fine  havra  il  suo  premio  al  meno  riputatione  grande,  la  quale  alle  donne 
nobili  piu  piace.     Ma  per  non  dar  piu  fastidio  a  vostra  Maesta,  humilmente  vi 


576  TIIE  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575. 

vi  supplico  che  con  la  vostra  reale  &  felicissima  presenza  honoriate  la  mia  povera 
stanza,  dove  desidero  condurvi. 

Finito  il  suo  parlare,  conduse  Hemete  la  sua  Maesta  al  suo  hermitagio,  dove 
entrato  con  queste  parolle  prese  da  lei  licenza. 
"  Illustrissima  Regina,  la  mia  presumtione  v'ha  condotta  qua  a  questa  povera 
stanza  inculta,  &  manca  d'ogni  cosa,  se  non  di  quel  che  la  natura  produce,  non  vi 
essendo  nessuna  spesa  se  non  solamente  buona  volonta.  Ma  essendo  gia  venuta 
Phora  debita  delle  mie  divotioni  (per  che  i  voti  non  si  deono  per  niente  rompere) 
humilmente  bascio  le  vostre  reali  mani,  semper  tidelmente  promettendo  di  por- 
gere  humili  preghiere  a  Dio  (come  per  la  mia  propria  vita)  che  il  desiderio  di 
quelli  che  vi  desiderano  ogni  bene  e  grandezza,  non  rieschi  loro  vano." 

Tarn  Marti,  quam  Mercurio. 


Emblem  :  Two  men  ;  the  one  beating  apples  off  a  tree,  the  other  standing  by 
with  an  apple  in  his  left  hand,  and  a  stout  stick  in  the  right. 
Les  bons  nouyers  sont  (pour  leur  fruicts)  battuz 
Des  hommes  ingratz,  auxquelz  ilz  font  profit 
Mais  plus  grand  bien,  poursuyve  leur  merit 
Car  plus  fertilz  ilz  sont  et  revestuz. 
Moy  malheureux :  le  monde  s'esbat  dez  miens 
Et  suis  steril  (battu)  mon  fruict  n'est  riens. 

La  Fable  d'Hem£tes  l'Hermite,  prononcee  devant  sa  Majeste 

a  Woodstock,  1575. 

Hola,  Hola,  (Chevaliers  treshardis)  il  faut  que  la  violence  se  rende  a  vertu,  & 
que  voz  perilz  tant  doubteux  par  un  secoure  tresnoble  soient  finis.  Voila  le  decret 
imobil  des  dieux  immortelz.  Pourtrant  cessez  plus  oultre  combattre,  &  me  suivez, 
car  en  ce  faisant  il  vous  fera  entendre  choses  bien  diflSciles  a  croire,  et  vous  me- 
nerai  a  ce  qui  plus  vous  peut  complaire. 

Et  vous  (Madame  tresbelle)  nous  accompaignez  aussi,  &  vous  sera  manifeste  que 
la  Sibile  vous  avoit  veritablement  prophetiz£,  et  que  voz  malheurs  auront  leur  fin. 

Tresexcelente  Princesse,  predestinee  des  Dieux  (de  par  vostre  presence  angelique) 
a  complaire  et  proflStter  plus  que  ne  pensez,  combien  vostre  Hautesse  aux  Dieux 
immortelz  et  les  hommes  mortelz  a  vostre  Excellence  soient  obligez,  nostre  cas 


the  hermit's  tale  at  Woodstock,  1575.  5*7 

presentement  pouvra  bien  manifester.     Mais  devant  que  vous  entendiez  la  valeur 
de  voz  vertus,  ne  vous  desplaise  d'escouter  la  variete  de  noz  avantures.     II  n'y  a 
pas  encores  long  temps  que  au  pays  de  Cambaye  (lequel  est  situe'  bien  prez  a  la 
bouche  de  ceste  tres  riche  riviere  qu'on  appelle  Indus)  y  avoit  un  trespuissant  Due 
qui  y  regnoit,  nomme  Occanon,  ayant  seulement  une  fille  heritiere  a  son  Roiaume, 
qui  s'apelloit  Gandine.     Geste  Dame  alors,  plus  belle  que  bien  fortunee,  vivoit 
long  temps  bien  aimee  de  son  pere,  et  tres  aimee  de  son  peuple.     Mais  pour  faire 
voir  que  la  beautd  n'est  tousjours  un  benefice,  &  que  les  grands  estats  n'y  sont 
point  en  tout  les  plus  heureux,  survient  que  la  belle  Gandine,  tantost  de  plusieurs 
grands  &  dignes  personnages  desire  et  servy  avoit  desia  gaigne  plus  grand  nombre 
de  competiteurs  a  sa  beaute  qu'elle  n'y  vouloit,  ou  a  son  estat  estoit  commode. 
Pour  ce  que  l'amour  qui  jamais  se  conduit  en  ordre,  n'y  fait  son  election  selon  le 
vouloir  d'un  autre,  avoit  desja  imobilement  conglutines  ses  affections  d'aimer  un 
Chevalier  assez  bas  de  parentage,  mais  de  tres  grand  valeur,  nomine-  Contarenus, 
lequel  sur  toutes  l'aimoit  en  telle  maniere  que  les  desseins  de  plusieurs  autres,  bien 
glorieux,  mais  moins  commodes,  a  elle  estoient ;  et  en  peu  de  jours,  les  flames 
secretes  de  leurs  fantasies  estans  descouvertz,  la  fumee  de  Ieurs  vouloirs  trop  tost 
descouvroit  l'entur  au  Due  mesme ;  mais  luy  dissimulant  ce  qu'il  vid  a  l'oeil,  et 
deliberant  rompre  leurs  desseins  a  luy  despiteux,  n'a  point  encores  voulu  ou 
accuser  le  Chevalier,  ou  condamner  la  fille  de  leurs  amours  caches.     Mais  il  fit 
un  devis  (a  son  advis  plus  seur  mais  a  Tissue  douloureuse  assez)  de  faire  partir  les 
deux  amants  :  car  par  l'assistance  d'une  Enchanteresse  tresrenommee  pour  son  art 
il  fit  prendre  le  Chevalier,  et  le  hausant  en  l'air  luy  fist  transporter  des  confins 
de  Cambaye  jusques  aux  rives  plus  loingtanes  de  la  mer  Oceane.     Ce  devis  luy 
couste  vingt  mil  escus,  assez  grand  prix  pour  la  penitence,  mais  ce  ne  sont  point 
des  nouvelles  que  le  Princes  payent  assez  pour  leur  vouloirs,  et  aucunesfois  ache- 
tent  trop  cher  leur  malcontent.      Contarenus    en  ceste  maniere  estrangement 
separe"  d'aveq'  sa  treschere  amye,  estant  a  cest  heur  extremement  douloureux,  avoit 
advis  de  la  mesme  Enchanteresse  de  suporter  en  patience  ceste  punition,  quand  la 
necessity  luy  l'avoit  impose,  &  son  destin  luy  l'osteroit,  prometant  qu'en  moyns 
de  sept  ans  il  attendroit  son  haut  desir  en  guerdon  de  ses  travaux,  mais  que  pre- 
mierement  il  combattroit  le  Chevalier  plus  valeureux  et  voirroit  la  Dame  de  plus 
grand  merite,  en  tout  1'univers.     "  Cependant  (dit-elle)  il  luy  faudroit  avoir  pour 
guide  un  hermite  aveugle,  lequel  a  un  mesme  instant  le  voir  avecque  son  conten- 
tement  retourneroient,"     Par  ainsy  elle  a  la  terre  l'abandonnoit,  &  fit  son  recours 
a  Pair.     Ores  Gandine  privee  de  ce  qui  estoit  le  plus  agreable  (je  veux  dire  la 
vol.  i.  4  e 


5/8  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575. 

compaignie  &  service  de  son  Chevalier)  estoit  incontinent  surprise  des  malladies 
qui  accompaignent  telz  desirs,  assavoir  diffidence,  curiosite,  &  tres  grand  travail 
despensiers.  Mais  a  la  fin,  com  me  les  Princes  font  bien  peu  de  choses  sans  en 
faire  participer  leur  conseil  aux  autres,  &  aux  heritirs  d'une  couronne  ny  faillent 
jamais  serviteurs  d'esperance  qui  sont  tres  curieux  de  leure  complarre  en  toutes 
choses,  les  devis  &  faitz  d'Occanon  furent  a  Gandine  plainement  advertis  & 
declarez,  et  le  tout  entendu.  La  povre  dame  disoit  en  soy  mesme,  &  si  vaut,  il 
par  ainsy  ?  que  les  Princes  n'ont  point  d'esgard  a  la  raison  ?  bien,  dit  elle,  &  la 
raison  ne  s'en  soucie  pas  des  Royaumes.  Car  ny  la  court  d'Occanon,  n'encores 
le  pays  de  Cambaye,  me  feront  oncquez  resjouir,  quand  j'auray  perdu  mon  tres 
cher  amy  Contarenus.  A  Dieu  je  recommande  la  patrie  malheureuse  ensemble 
avecque  mon  pere  trescruel,  qui  me  contraint  a  ceste  fortune  tant  amere,  et 
seulement  pour  avoir  voulu  inviolablement  garder  ma  foy,  laquelle  ny  hauteur 
d'estat,  ny  peril  de  mes  eures,  me  feront  onquez  abandonner.  Mais  (vivant)  je 
trouveray  mon  Contarenus  quand  il  seroit  encores  sur  la  terre.  Apres  ces  motz 
elle  poursuivit  incontinent  ses  resolutions,  et  accompaignee  tant  seulement  d'une 
damoiselle  bien  pauvrement  vestue,  et  ayans  provision  necessaire  elle  se  convoya 
secretement  hois  des  confins  de  Cambaye,  &  apres  tres  long  travaux,  ayans  passe* 
perils  incroiables,  a  la  fin  elle  se  trouva  a  la  caverne  de  Sibilla,  la  ou  par  avanture 
elle  trouva  un  Chevalier  tresvaillant  nomme*  Loricus,  d'amour  pareillement  y  venu 
pour  scavoir  quel  seroit  Tissue  de  ses  avantures.  Iceluy  aimoit  une  dame  nom- 
pareille  mais  forte  estrangement.  Car  apres  plusieurs  devis,  et  ayant  fait  son  ex- 
treme devoir  de  tant  gaigne  que  seulement  elle  daigneroit  d'estre  aim£e,  sans  autre 
guerdon,  et  voyant  que  nullement  elle  s'en  souciast  de  sa  devotion:  pour  plus 
seurement  congnoistre  sa  fantasie  tant  secrete,  il  fit  encores  un  autre  preuve,  assa- 
voir, il  fit  tout  semblant  de  l'estimer  bien  peu  nonobstant  la  poursuite  continuelle 
que  tout  le  monde  faisoit,  et  pour  mieux  cacher  sa  passion  laquelle  il  ne  scavoit 
aucunement  dominer,  il  faisoit  mine  d'avoir  choisy  une  autre  maistresse;  laquelle 
a  la  premiere  estoit  tousjours  en  compaigne  :  une  dame  certes  assez  belle,  mais 
bien  loing  d'estre  mise  en  balance  avecque  celle  la  qui  de  tout  son  cceur  il  aimoit. 
A  celle  nouvelle  idole  (neantmoins)  il  fit  semblant  de  vouloir  entierement  servir 
&  faire  la  reverence,  et  ny  falloit  point  des  observations  qu'a  l'amour  pertinent. 
Car  il  estoit  (pour  le  plus)  vestu  de  ses  couleurs,  et  portoit  secretement  sa  contre- 
faict,  Vaccompaignant  plus  que  nulle  autre,  comme  celuy  qui  estoit  tousjours  a  sa 
commande.  Mais  toutes  ces  choses  estans  de  la  dame  nompareille  apperceuz, 
combien  qu'elle  ne  s'en  souciast  gueres  de  son  chois,  encores  la  chance  luy  tour- 


THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575-  579 

noit  a  mal-seant  tellement  que  par  jalousie  elle  descouvroit  ce  que  l'amour  avoit 
tant  cache.     Ores  Loricus  tournant  sa  disposition  conclud  la  soymesmes  que  le 
peu  de  son  vaillant  (non  pas  l'impossibilit6  de  fair  gaigner  sa  dame)  l'avoit  tous- 
iours  mis  a  rebours,  et  quel  estoit  courtoise  assez  de  reeevoir  en  service  ceux  qui 
le  meriteroient.     Pourtant  il  abandonna  son  pays,  et  se  mit  entierement  en  faitz 
d'armes,  desirant  sur  tout  que  tant  seulement  il  pourroit  meriter  la  reputation 
d'estre  a  son  commandement,  combien  qu'elle  ne  vouloit  jamais  estre  sienne ;  et 
par  ainsi  n'espargnant  nul  travail,  ny  craignant  peril  quelconque,  il  s'en  pourmena 
tout  par  tout,  fin  qu'apres  grandes  journeys  il  arriva  a  la  Caverne  de  Sibilla,  la  ou 
il  rencontra  la  belle  Gandine  comme  dessus  est  dit,  et  la  deux  amants  prindrent 
occasion  de  manifester  (l'un  a  l'autre)  toutes  leurs  avantures.     La  dame  cherchant 
savoir  la  fin  de  ces  travaux,  et  le  chevalier  d' avoir  quelque  soulas  pour  mieux 
maintenir  son  espoir;  et  la  Sibille  fit  telle  response  a  tous  deux,  que  si  comme  ils 
estoient  desja  accompaignes,  ils  ne  partiront  jamais  fin  qu'ilz  eussent  trouve  un 
lieu  de  repos  ou  la  seroient  trouves  les  plus  fortz,  les  dames  plus  belles,  la  terre 
plus  fertile,  le  peuple  plus  riche,  le  regiment  plus  juste,  et  la  princesse  de  plus 
grand  merite.     Alors  la  dame  voirroit  ce  qui  plus  luy  seroit  agreable,  et  le  Cheva- 
lier y  entendroit  choses  de  tresgrand  confort.    Ores  (treschere  et  plus  digne  dame) 
il  me  vient  tresbien  apropos  (non  impartinent  a  voz  louanges)  pour  dire  quelque 
chose  de  moy  mesme.     Vous  me  voyez  vieillard  tout  plein  de  fronces,  abject  icy, 
et  retire  des  autres :  mais  au  temps  passe*  j'ay  este  un  Chevalier  bien  congnu  et 
tresrenomme,  amy  le  plus  parfait,  menant  alors  ma  vie  en  une  Court  la  ou  il  y 
avoit  tout  plein  de  Chevaliers  et  Dames  de  grand  merite.     La  beaute  tenoit  la 
palme  qui  menoit  la  dance  a  leur  desirs,  et  la  il  m'avenoit  d'aimer  une  Dame  digne 
certes  d'estre  aymez  du  mesme  Cupid  quand  il  l'eust  sceu  voir.     Mais  si  comme 
elle  estoit  en  toute  perfection  tresexcelente,  elle  avoit  aussi  facons  de  faire  bien 
estranges  ;  elle  ny  desdaignoit  point  d'estre  aimee,   mais  elle  estoit  trescoye  de 
l'approche.  Car  n'estant  que  tant  seulement  touchee,  se  transformeroit  en  plusieurs 
formes,  nulle  forme  (pourtant)  malseante  a  la  contentacion.    Ce  di-je  (a  mon  advis) 
que  je  m'estimois  au  ciel  quand  je  ne  l'avois  que  touchee,  et  m'estoit  tresmoing  ma 
resolution  de  luy  tenir  quand  je  ne  Tabandonnois  jamais  j usque  a  tant  qu'elle  se 
transformoit  (helas)  en  une  tigre  tant  terrible  que  je  ne  l'ay  voulu  plus  oultre  tenir. 
Et  l'ayant  par  ceste  occasion  remise,  je  ne  l'ay  sceu  jamais  onques  revoir.    Par  ainsi 
(Madame  commencoient  mes  peines  ;  mais  vous  ne  scavez  encorez  quelle  estoit  ma 
punition;  car  estantpar  ce  moyen  separed'elle  (chose  que  sur  toutes  autres  j'estimois) 
et  moins  me  rejouissant  de  contempler  quelque  autre,  j'entreprenois  incontinent  ur. 


58O  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  15/5. 

voyage  (en  habit  de  pelerin)  a  l'isle  de  Paphos  en  Cypre,  esperant  y  entendre  quel- 
ques  nouvelles  de  ma  maistresse  la  ou  la  deesse  Venus  estoit  en  tresgrande  reputa- 
tion. Et  y  estant  venu,  et  tout  prest  d'entrer  dans  le  Temple,  je  me  trouvois  subite- 
ment  aveugle.  Esbahy  pourtant,  a  mon  malheur,  et  ny  sachant  nullement  la  cause, 
je  me  mis  a  geneus,  disant ;  "  Tu  qui  es  la  plus  belle  entre  les  deesses,  et  celle  qui 
plus  est  eslongue  de  la  cruaute,  quelle  offense  ay-je  commis  de  te  faire  tellement 
offens£?"  "Tes  folies  et  presumptions,  respondit  (a  mon  scavoir)  le  prestre  de  la 
dicte  deesse :"  "Helaz,  (di-je)  des  mon  enfance  j'ay  eu  en  tresgrand  estime  toutes  le 
vertus,  aussi  j'ai  prins  tresgrand  plaisir  en  toute  sorte  de  doctrine,  et  ay  tousjours 
este  serviteur  d'amour."  te  Mais  (dit-il)  la  deesse  ny  veut  point  d'afFections  sepa- 
rees  en  parties,  les  livres  sont  malseants  a  les  propos  d'amour,  aussy  fault-il  qu'il 
soit  un  homme  entier  (ou  nul)  qui  servira  a  ma  maistresse."  Ce  dit,  il  me  print 
par  les  espaules,  &  me  poussa  lourdement  hors  du  Temple.  Alors,  tout  plein 
de  regrets,  et  surcharge  de  souspirs,  je  m'asseois  a  la  porte,  treshumblement 
suppliant  Apollo,  mon  dieu  particulier,  d'avoir  en  commiseration  mon  pauvre 
estat.  Ores  (si  com  me  les  devotions  fideles  sont  tousjours  entendus  &  receus 
premier  que  parachev^es)  Mercure  me  vient  a  consoler,  disant,  que  les  dieux 
sont  tresjustes  combien  que  les  dames  sont  coleriques.  "  Les  deesses  (dit-il) 
sont  toutes  tres  (pour  le  plus)  subjectes  a  ceste  maladie:  Dyane  avecques  Acteon, 
Palas  avecques  Arachne,  &  Juno  avecques  Tyresias,  ont  este  fort  courroucees, 
pareillement  Venus  avecques  toy  maintenant.  Mais  la  cause  (dit-il)  ensemble 
avecques  le  remede  te  seront  manifestees  a  Delphos,  et  la  il  me  fault  te  con- 
voyer  tout  incontinent/'  Ces  motz  a  grand  peine  paracheves,  je  me  trouvois  subite- 
ment  dans  le  temple  d'Apollo,  et  demandant  quelle  seroit  mon  offense,  il  me  fit  re- 
sponse par  l'oracle,  disant,  "  Ton  peur,  et  non  pas  la  purite  de  ta  foy."  "  Et  qui  me 
sera  la  remede  ?"  repliquay-je  ?  "  La  plus  bonne,  nonobstant  que  la  plus  belle," 
dit-il.  Jointement  son  prestre  me  print  par  la  main,  et  me  raconta  toute  la  course 
de  ma  vie  passee,  quelle  elle  estoit  que  je  tant  aimois,  et  comment  je  1'avois  perdu ; 
et  pendant  que  je  luy  recitois  la  fidelitie  de  mes  services,  ensemble  avecques  l'inno- 
cence  de  mes  intentions,  les  varieties  des  condicions  de  ma  maistresse,  joinct  avecques 
le  terrible  regard  de  son  dernier  metamorphose,  "  Helas,  bon  Hemetes,  (dit-il)  les 
Dames  sont  point  crueles  synon  que  seulement  a  la  mine,  et  quant  a  la  variety  de 
leurs  conditions,  celuy  qui  ne  se  pourra  a  elle  appliquer  et  l'endurer  il  ne  luy  com- 
paira  gueres,  n'encores  les  tiendra  long  temps,  aussi  n'est  elle  pas  a  blasmer.  La 
nature  mesme  aime  la  variete"  quand  elle  feroit  sans  fraude.  Ores  touchant  ton  in- 
nocence, il  n'estoit  point  suffisant ;  car  il  fault  que  les  serviteurs  de  Venus  n'ayent 


THE  HERMITS  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575-  5§1 

point  tant  seulement  leur  foy  immuable,  mais  auissi  qu'ilz  soient  privees  de  toute 
peur  et  crainte.  Ta  peur  t'a  fait  perdre  ta  maistresse,  et  ta  presumption  de  vouloir 
entrer  dans  le  Temple  de  Venus  sans  conge  ta  fait  perdre  ton  voir.  Mais  Apollo 
m'a  voulu  te  faire  cognoistre  que  les  Dieux  souventesfois  recevrent  ceux  qui  des 
Dames  sont  abandonnes,  et  que  les  yeux  clos  de  delices  mondaines  sont  pourtant 
plus  capables  des  sciences.  Ceste  punition  te  sera  profitable.  Venus  te  pourra 
tant  seulement  priver  de  sa  felicite  en  amour,  mais  en  guerdon  des  devotions  que 
tu  as  tousjours  faits  a  Apollo,  il  te  fera  desormais  scavant  et  descyphrer  la  destin 
des  amants,  et  de  pouvoir  mieux  le  conseiller,  que  quelq'un  de  ses  mignons  com- 
bien  gallant  qu'il  soit.  Plus  oultre  il  te  promist  qu'avecques  le  temps  tu  regaigne- 
ras  ton  voir,  mais  que  cela  ne  t'adviendra  pas  jusques  que  a  un  mesme  instant,  et 
en  un  mesme  lieu,  dans  un  pays  tresflorissant  en  paix,  deux  Chevaliers  treshardis 
combattront,  deux  amantz  tresfideles  se  rencontreront,  et  la  Dame  plus  vertueuse  de 
tout  l'univers  y  sera  presente  a  tel  spectacle.  Alors  quand  tes  yeux  contempleront 
ce  que  ton  coeur  plus  desire,  (assavoir)  une  Damedouee  etenrichie  des  plus  grandes 
vertus,  doctrine,  et  beaute,  plus  quenulle  autre  des  le  commencement,  alors  (dit-il) 
tes  yeux  revoirront,  et  cela  te  le  fera  congnoistre  tout  ce  que  Apollo  predit  est  veri- 
table. Cependant  (dit-il)  est  ordonne  que  tu  auras  ton  habitation  en  une  maison 
d'hermite,  la  ou  tu  auras  bonne  provision  de  toutes  choses  necessaries."  Et  subite- 
ment  je  me  trouvay  transport^  en  une  petite  montaigne  cy  pres,  la  ou  j'ay  este" 
plusieurs  ans  bien  eslongue  des  miseres  &  injures  desquels  le  monde  est  tout  rem- 
ply.  Ores  tres  bonne  et  tres  belle  dame  ainsi  renommee  de  par  l'oracle,  et  con- 
firme  de  par  les  opinions  universelles  de  l'univers,  ce  que  l'Enchantresse  a  Contare- 
nus,  Sibilla  a  Loricus  et  Gandine,  et  Apollo  a  moy  avoient  predit,  de  par  vostre 
presence  tres  magnifique  est  verifie.  Les  Chevaliers  tres  hardis  Contarenus  & 
Loricus  ont  icy  entrebattus,  les  tresfideles  et  constans  amants  Loricus  et  Gandine 
icy  se  sont  rencontrez.  Et  quant  a  moy  (pauvre  Hemetes)  qui  ay  este  longtemps 
aueugle  (comme  bien  scait  le  Chevalier  present)  suis  a  ceste  heure  restitue  a  mon 
voir,  et  toutes  ces  choses  sont  accomplies  depar  vostre  grace  et  vertu  tant  honore 
des  meilleurs,  et  laquelle  nous  sommes  tant  obligez.  Pourtant  je  vous  presumeray 
a  ceste  heure  presenter  ces  personages  tresnobles  pour  vous  complaire  en  leur  ser_ 
vice  etma  pauvre  personne  pour  vousservir  en  oraisons,  et  remettantces  amantz  & 
leur  delices,  il  me  faut  donner  conseil  a  Loricus  en  telle  maniere.  Chevalier, 
poursuy  ton  enterprinse,  car  il  est  tresnoble.  De  par  moy  tu  pourras  apprendrc 
de  ne  jamais  craindre,  et  de  par  toymesme,  a  estre  industrieux  es  travaux,  sachant 
bien  que  les  choses  notables  ne  sont  jamais  sans  grande  difficult^  parachevees.  Her- 


582  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575- 

cules  par  ses  labeurs  et  travaux  gaigna  sa  renomm^e,  et  sa  ruyne  par  amour.  Lo- 
ricus,  a  la  fin  tu  seras  guerdonn£,  au  moins  tu  gaigneras  la  reputation  ;  qui  aux 
dames  tresnobles  est  plus  agreable.  Mais  j'ay  desja  trop  long  temps  detenu  vostre 
patience  avecque  ce  discours  tant  tedieux  :  pourtant  je  seulement  suppliray  vostre 
Majeste  de  me  faire  1'honneur  que  d'entrer  en  ma  pauvre  maisonnette.  Et  la  je 
vous  conduirai  tantost.  Ces  paroles  finies,  il  l'amena  en  son  caverne,  et  y  venu,  ij 
print  son  conge*  disant  comme  s'ensuit: 

"  Icy  (Madame  tresnoble)  je  vous  ay  amende  en  ma  trespauvre  maison  la,  ou  il 
ivy  a  point  d'art  synon  le  naturel,  ny  de  fournitures  sumptueuses,  tant  seulement 
y  a  quelques  enseignes  de  bon  vouloir,  mais  1'heure  aprochant  de  mes  oraisons  (la- 
quelle  pour  chose  quelconque  il  me  fault  tousjours  observer)  je  vous  laisseray. 
Icy  promettant  de  prier  Dieu  (si  comme  pour  mon  ame)  pour  vostre  Majesty,  que 
ceux  qui  luy  veulent  plus  grand  bien  ne  le  peuvent  jamais  soubhaiter  en  vain." 

Tarn  Marti,  quam  Mercurio. 

EPILOGISMUS. 

A  sighe  sometymes  may  ease  a  swelling  harte, 

As  soden  blastes  do  cleare  the  clowdye  skyes  ; 
And  teares  liekwyse  maye  somewhatt  ease  some  smarte, 
As  showers  allaye  the  dusts  frome  earthe  which  ryse. 
For  thinges  (which  byde  extremytye)  be  glade 
To  feele  the  leaste  relyef  that  may  be  hade : 
But  as  the  rayne  which  dothe  ensew  such  blaste 

(From  heaven  on  highe)  with  greater  force  dothe  fall, 
And  as  the  duste,  when  little  droppes  be  paste, 
Dothe  quicly  drye,  and  much  encrease  withall ; 
So  sighes  and  tears  (yf  soveraigne  grace  be  greved) 
Consume  the  harte,  whose  lightes  they  earst  relieved. 
Good  Queene,  I  compte  this  booke  a  sighe  to  be ; 

And  everye  leafe  a  teare  of  trew  entennte. 
Which  (truthe  to  tell)  do  somewhatt  comforte  me. 
In  hope  they  maye  be  tane  as  they  be  meant ; 
But,  if  my  Queene  shulde  not  accepte  them  well, 
They  kyll  his  harte,  which  (now)  for  joye  doth  swell. 
Tarn  Marti,  quam  Mercurio. 

Yf  God  wolde  deigne  to  make  a  Petrark's  heire  of  me, 

The  coomlyest  Quene  that  ever  was  my  Lawra  nedes  must  be. 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCH1ENSI,   1575.  583 


Oratio  ad  Sereniss.  Angliae,  Franciae,  &  Hyberniae  Reginam  Elizabetham, 
in  Aula  Woodstochiensi  habita  a  Laurentio  Humfredo, 
Academiae  Oxoniensis  Procancellario,  anno  1575,  Septemb.  11  \ 


Pro  Regno  Angliae,  R.  Majestate,  Consiliariis,  Ministerio, 
Laurentii  Humfredi  Precatio. 

O  Deus  altitonans  Mundi  Ccelique  Monarcha, 

Qui  mare,  qui  terras,  infera  quique  regis : 
Prospice  de  coelo,  Regnum  spectato  Brytannum, 

En  nunc  confligunt  spesque  metusque  simul. 
Quid  non  speremus,  quid  non  timeamus  amantes  ? 

Spes,  metus,  hue  illuc,  haec  vocat,  ille  trahit. 
Anglia  cincta  mari  est,  circumfluit  undique  pontus, 

Est  spes  nonnullo  concomitata  metu. 
Hactenus  afflavit  Zephyrus,  fuit  aura  secunda, 

Spes  est :  mox  portum,  qui  bene  solvit,  habet. 
At  mare  fluctisonum  est,  Syrtes,  Pirata,  Charybdis, 

Saxa  latent,  scopulos  nolle  timere,  furor. 
Haec,  haec  vita  mare  est  peramarum,  navigat  omnis. 

Qui  vivit,  sperat  plurima,  multa  timet. 
Nunc  mare  sulcamus,  mare  nunc  ingressa  Carina  est, 

Flatibus  aspires,  o  bone  Jova,  bonis. 
Sis  prora  &  puppis,  nostrae  sis  ancora  navis, 

Et  peregrinantis  dirige  vela  ratis. 
Suffice  nunc  doctos  qui  clavum  rite  gubernent, 

Ne  ruat  in  tumidas  naufagra  puppis  aquas. 
Praefice  ductores  populo,  verbique  ministros, 

Ne  desint  ovibus  pabula  sana  tuis. 
Tales  falce  secas  :  tamen  ut  nova  plantula  surgat, 

Annue,  succrescant  germina  sancta  precor. 

1  Lomlini,  Typis  Henrici  Binnemani,  impensis  Georgii  Bishop,  1555. 


584  THE  HERMIT'S  TALE  AT  WOODSTOCK,  1575. 

Ampla  tuaest  bonitas,  gravis  et  maledictio  nostra, 

Culpae  poena  comes,  sic  meruere  mala. 
Consilium  Regale  fove,  sacrumque  Senatum, 

Qui  semper  Christi  flagret  amore  tui. 
Quod  clemens  pater  es,  speramus  ;  deinde  timemus, 

Quod  Justus  judex  atque  severus  eris. 
Serva  Reginam,  Pater,  o  mitissime  serva, 

Ut  tua  sit  semper,  sit  quoque  nostra  diu. 
Foemineamque  manum  dextra  fulcito  potente, 

Ne  quasset  teneram  Scylla  maligna  ratem. 
Auspice  Regina  divinum  Manna  dedisti, 

Spes  est,  at  causa  est  nausea  nostra  metus. 
Floret  Relligio,  spes  est :  sed  marcet  in  horas, 

Est  metus  :  hanc  solum  labra  librique  sonant. 
Spes  est,  quando  quidem  regnat  lectissima  princeps, 

At  quia  mortalis,  jam  subit  ecce  metus. 
Regnat  jam  prudens  Princeps,  sed  foemina  regnat : 

Viribus  haud  orba  est,  spes  :  metus,  orba  viro  est. 
O  virgo  Elisabeth,  Phoenix  et  gemma  regentum, 

O  flos,  o  patrii  stella  decusque  soli, 
Heu  cur  non  liceat  semper  producere  filum  ? 

Heu  cur  non  semper  vivere  fata  sinunt  ? 
Heu  fera  Parca  rapit  proceres,  non  parcere  cuiquam, 

Novit,  praeda  hujus  Crassus  &  Irus  erunt. 
En  fuit,  en  non  est  Babylon,  nee  Persica  pompa, 

Nee  Graecum  imperium,  nee  Latialis  honos. 
Spes  est  quod  fuerint,  sed  nunc  non  esse,  timendum  : 

Spes  est,  esse  quidem,  porro  fuisse  malum. 
Quod  valet  &  vivit,  tua  magna  potentia  sola  est : 

Si  moritur,  nostrum  est  promeritum  atque  scelus. 
Quod  populo  proesit,  quod  sit,  jam  spero,  sed  oro 

Ut  semper  jubeas  esse,  vel  esse  diu. 
O  utinam  vivat,  vivat,  sero  ut  moriatur, 

Mortua  post  vivat,  ne  moriatur,  Amen. 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575-  5$5 


Coelum  &  terra  praeteribunt,  verbum  autem  Domini  manet  in  asternum.  Dictum 
Christi  Mar.  13.  Symbolum  Ducum  Saxoniae .  &  Georgii  Marchionis  Brande- 
burgensis,  paraphrastice  &  metrice  explicatum. 

Omnia  transibunt,  tellusque  polusque  liquescent, 

Mundi  pompa,  decor,  gloria,  7ravra  <ntial. 
Omnia  transibunt,  reges  &  regna  peribunt, 

Vires,  castra,  viri,  fcemina,  naVTa.  irohog. 
Omnia  transibunt,  hominum  sapientia,  linguae, 

Scripta  patrum,  canones,  juraque  7rdvra  Aoyoi. 
Omnia  transibunt,  ut  fabula,  pulvis  &  umbra, 

Nil  fidum  aut  fixum  est,  denique  7raVra  xovig. 
Sermo  Dei  vivax,  omni  florescit  ab  aevo, 

Hie  erat,  est,  &  erit,  caetera  7raWa  Trovog. 
Sermo  Dei  vivax,  flammas  furiasque  retundit, 

Infringit  Stygii  tela  cruenta  Dei. 
Dux  patriae,  comes  est  vitee,  post  secula  judex, 

Lex  morum,  fidei  lux,  via,  norma,  salus. 
Hoc  cape,  semper  ama,  sic  te  redamabit  Iesus, 

Fulciet  imperii  regia  sceptra  tui. 
Hoc  cape,  dat  Christus,  nam  Christi  ferrea  virga  est, 

Qua  mundum  frsenet  comminuetque  Deus. 
Hoc  cape,  sit  cordi,  sit  curae,  sitque  voluptas, 

Hoc  cape,  crede,  time,  perlege,  vive,  Vale. 

Majest.  tuae  subditiss.  Laur.  Humfredus. 


Carmen  ejusdem  Laur.  Humfredi   eucharisticum  &  paraeneticum  de  initio  regni 
R.  Elisabethae,  et  de  auspicatiss.  anno  decimo  octavo  Novemb.  die  17,  &c. 

Nostra  parens  quondam  variis  jactata  procellis 
Insula,  turbinibus  saevis  ac  fluctibus  acta, 
Anglia,  post  aestus  rerum  motusque  suarum 
In  portu,  Christo  ventos  sedante,  quiescit. 
Ille  regit  terras,  &  rerum  flectit  habenas: 
vol.  I.  4  f 


586*  LAURENTII   HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN   AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575. 

Ille  pias  lachrymas  pacata  exaudiit  aure, 

Luctificos  gemitus,  moesti  &  suspiria  cordis. 

Ille  tulit  Mariam  (nunc  parcam  mortuae)  amaram, 

Divinis  donis  saturam  dedit  Elisabetham. 

Post  tenebras  lucem  dedit,  &  post  nubilia  solem. 

Illi  omnis  sit  honos,  laus  &  benedictio  soli. 

O  metamorphosis  grata,  o  mutatio  fcelix : 

Te  Deus  elegit  solus,  Regina,  ministram  : 

Hie  te  sublimem  provexit  honoris  ad  arcem, 

Unxit,  constituit,  Caput  &  Diademate  cinxit. 

Ille  tuum  solium  fulcit  firmatque  Corojiam, 

Ille  tuae  solus  produxit  stamina  vitae, 

Bisque  Novem  tibi  jam  Regnam  stabilivit  in  annos, 

Jamque  novus  rediit  (Domino  volvente)  November. 

Non  opus  hoc  hominis,  non  Papae  chrisma  manusve : 

At  manus,  at  digitus  Domini,  cui  gloria  detur : 

Illi  omnis  sit  honos,  laus  &  benedictio  soli. 

Perge  age,  Virginei  Lumen  Splendorque  decoris, 

Cur  sceptrum  teneas,  quis  te  praefecerit  Anglis, 

Cur  sic  Imperii  cursum  tot  proroget  annos, 

Specta,  quoque  vocat,  generosa  mente  sequaris. 

Ut  te  glorificat,  sic  glorificabis  &  ilium, 

Quo  magis  ille  tuum  Nomenque  diesque  peremet. 

Per  te  lustrari  tempi  um  vult,  puraque  sacra 

Restitui,  castamque  fidem,  cultusque  probatos. 

Italici  Augiae  stabulum  fcedamque  cloacam 

Per  te  purgari,  Romanaque  <nc66aXa  tolli. 

Non  plures  divos,  sed  Numen  praecipit  unum, 

Uno  more  suo,  sancteque  pieque  colendum. 

Omne  ferat  punctum  pietas,  ac  Christus  Iesus : 

Ille  ferat  primas  partes,  ferat  ille  secundas. 

Pulpita,  templa,  domus  crucifixi  nomen  adorent. 

Non  docet  hunc  Latiae  cornutus  Jupiter  Aulae, 

Qui  Missas,  Bullas,  qui  Purgatoria  vendit, 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN   AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575-  587 

Nimirum  fumas,  gerras,  mera  stercora,  nugas  : 
Hunc  cum  relliquiis  ac  tota  faece  repelle. 
Christo  omnis  sit  honos,  laus  &  benedictio  soli. 
Suspectus  tibi  sit  cacodoxus  vertice  rasus, 
Purpurea  volitans  palla,  Romanus  alumnus, 
Carnivora  miserum  deglubens  fauce  popellum. 
Occultos  depelle  lupos,  has  comprime  pestes. 
Quisquis  pascit  oves,  ovibus  praepone  magistrum, 
Pastorum  fucos  sacris  ab  ovilibus  arce. 
Justitia  fulcito  thronum,  fratresque  tuere, 
Ac  defende  bonos,  misero  succurre  roganti. 
Supplicis  ipsa  preces  audi,  nee  despice  causas. 
Si  tu  connives,  dormit  ssepissime  Judex. 
Oppressos  recrees,  inflictaque  vulnera  sanes. 
Proderit  hie  multum  sanctus  fidusque  Senatus, 
Qui  Christum  spectet,  qui  Regnum,  qui  tua  curet, 
Ut  Christo  sit  honos,  laus  &  benedictio  soli. 
Leges  ferre  bonas,  latas  urgere  memento : 
Plurima  nam  condi  servari  pauca  videmus. 
Lapsis  indulgere  pium  :  calcare  jacentes 
Durum  :  praefractos  non  vi,  sed  vincito  verbo. 
Vis  mitratorum  est :  verbi  victoria  pulchra. 
Non  vult  Relligio  cogi,  ratione  doceri 
Vult :  flecti  possunt  homines  fraenoque  teneri. 
In  Capitolino  scriptum  memorabile  fertur, 
Victis  parce  :  tamen  subjungit,  Frange  super  bos. 
Ut  sitjuncta  comes  justae  dementia  poena?. 
Praefice  muneribus  doctos  rerumque  scientes, 
Quos  divus  viva  descripsit  imagine  Moses, 
Ne  rudis  undosam  pervertat  navita  puppim. 
Sint  stipatores,  quos  Psaltes  regius  edit : 
Ille  tuam  propriis  depingit  moribus  Aulam. 
Vafer,  detractor,  mendax,  elatus,  iniquus, 
A  sacrosancta  Davidis  truditur  Aula. 
Ne  tua  Gnathonum  colluvio  tecta  subintret. 


588  LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,  I575. 

Ambitione  furens  reprimatur  coeca  cupido. 
Virtus  non  vitium  commendat  Principis  Aulam, 
Exornare  Scholas  sit  cura  potissima  Regum : 
Fontibus  his  liquidis  Respublica  tota  rigatur. 
Artes  nutrit  honor,  doctos  mercede  fovebis. 
Tuque  tuo  exemplo  discens  &  docta,  movebis. 
Sed  quid  ego  doctam  doceo  ?  Te  consule  solum, 
Quodque  domi  tua  mens  sapiens  tibi  fugerit,  audi. 
A  te  non  hominum  revocent  te  lubrica  mulsa: 
Absit  ut  humanae  sternant  te  brachia  carnis. 
Ne  metuas  hominem:  Deus  est,  solumque  timendus: 
Christo  omnis^sit  honos,  laus  &  benedietio  soli. 
O  Pater  arcitenens,  rerum  tu  suscipe  curam, 
Consilioque  tuo  muliebrem  dirige  mentem. 
Da  plenis  Christi  ferri  sacra  nuntia  rivis  : 
Da  tua  fundantur  passis  oracula  velis. 
Sicque  renascentis  solides  fundamina  Regni, 
Ut  stent  ac  maneant  nullis  quassata  periclis. 
Serva  Reginam  plures  ut  floreat  annos  : 
Aurea  longa  pie  nobiscum  saecula  vivat. 
Sic  nos  ex  animo  laudes  ac  voce  canemus, 
Justitiasque  tuas  omni  celebrabimus  sevo, 
Summo  Deus,  quern  terra  colit,  quern  sidera  cantant, 
Cui  debetur  honos,  laus  &  benedietio  soli. 


Ad  serenissimam  Angliae,  Franciae,  &  Hyberniae  Reginam  Elizabetham,  &c. 

Eloquar  an  sileam  (Princeps  serenissima)  plures  &  graves  causae  faciunt,  ut  non- 
nihil  addubitem.  Silere  monent  &  etiam  movent  cogitatio  imbecillitatis  meae, 
splendor  Majestatis  tuae,  aurium  nostrorum  hominum  deliciae.  Neque  enim  ego 
sum  ita  a  naturae  aut  literaturae  praesidiis  instructus,  ut  cogitationes  meas  quale* 
quales  sunt  satis  digna  orationis  gratia  &  venere  exprimere  valeam  :  maxime  vero 
quia  triennium  abhinc  politissimis  auribus  tuis  obstrepentem  me  sermone  nimis 
prolixo  non  moleste  audivisti,  eundem  actorem,  eodem  loco,  eodem  fere  anni 
tempore,  eandem  personam  induere,  eandem  fabulam  tractare,  videbitur  fortassis 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,   1575*  b§9 

absonum.  Crambem  qui  bis  coctam  apponit  minister,  mortem  apponit,  &  qui 
eadem  oberrat  chorda  citharcedus,  ridetur,  &  qui  saepe  prodit  in  scenam  histrio, 
tandem  exploditur,  &  qui  eandem  semper  incudem  tundit  faber,  odiosus  est,  & 
coccysmus  seu  cuculi  cantilena  audienti  insuavis  est,  &  mel  ipsum,  ut  est  in  Epi- 
grammate,  si  nimium  est,  ingratum  est :  quippe  grata  novitas,  jucunda  &  rerum  & 
personarum  varietas,  molesta  satietas.  Itaque  verendum  mihi  est,  ne  secunda  haec 
non  meliora,  ut  est  in  proverbio,  sed  ne  posteriora  deteriora  judicentur.  Terret 
quoque  Majestatis  tuae  etsi  serenus,  attamen  regius  aspectus  :  non  est  tutum  leo- 
nem  radere  vigilantem,  aut  excitare  dormientem  :  periculosum  dicere  aut  scribere 
in  eum,  qui  poterit  proscribere  :  loquendum  cum  Alexandro,  cog  tfxig-ct  rj  wg  rfiisa. 
aut  minime  aut  mollissime,  ut  admonuit  Calisthenem  ad  Aulam  proficiscentem 
Aristoteles.  Procul  (inquiunt)  fuge  a  Majore,  procul  a  Jove,  procul  a  fulmine. 
Postremo  aures  aulicse  his  temporibus  nonnunquam  Atticae  sunt,  quas  (antequam 
juvare  possis)  purgandas  esse  &  sanandas  dixit  Orator  Atticus  Demosthenes.  Nam 
hodie  quisquis  dicit,  quot  auditores,  tot  fere  Censores  habet,  quorum  aliis  in  ma- 
teria aliis  in  forma,  aliis  in  verbis  aliis  in  rebus  peccare,  aliis  in  sensu  aliis  in  gestu 
offendere,  aliis  timidior  aliis  audacior,  aliis  longior  aliis  brevior,  aliis  frigidior  aliis 
ardentior,  aliis  blandior  si  laudat,  aliis  asperior  videbitur  si  monitor  esse  cceperit. 
Equidem  his  de  causis  nunquam  hue  ad  dicendum  perpelli  facile  potuissem,  nisi 
ex  altera  parte  aliae  rationes  prseponderassent,  &  quodammodo  refugientem  per- 
traxissent ;  nisi  inquam  summae  humilitati  meae  amplissimi  Cancellarii  nostri  sin- 
gularem  gratiam  (cujus  voluntati  parere  aequum  est,  autoritati  cedere  necessum  est) 
nisi  Majestati  tuae  magnae  placabilitatem  tuam  maximam,  nisi  tacitis  hisce  ob- 
jectionibus  auditorum  meae  conscientiae  testimonium  quasi  murum  aheneum  oppo- 
suissem.  Quid?  an  gratulari  est  semper  adulari  ?  Nunquam  profecto  mihi 
placuit  Gnatomismus,  nee  e  diverso  Momismus,  ut  velPrincipum  auribus  dandum, 
vel  ut  eas  sine  causa  sine  crimine  offendendas  temere  censeam.  Gnatonis  oratio 
gladius  est,  sed  melle  perlitus  :  Momi  oratio  gladius  est,  sed  furiosi  hominis  mani- 
bus  commissus,  ut  praeclare  aliquando  respondit  in  Monachum  pro  concionepetu- 
lanter  debacchantem  Avus  tuus  honorandae  memoriae  Henricus  septimus.  Quid  ? 
an  alii  omnes  subditi  tui,  nobiles  ignobiles,  magistratus  privati,  cives  cathedrales, 
aut  Poesi,  aut  plausu,  aut  precibus,  aut  epulis,  aliisve  honorariis  adventum  tuum 
excipient:  an  jaculando,  hastas  vibrando,  equos  insiliendo,  concursando,  aliisque 
significationibus  eximiae  cujusdam  voluptatis  suam  in  te  observantiam  declara- 
bunt?  an  Sylvanus  aves,  Neptunus  pisces,  Pomona  fructus,  Ceres  fruges,  Bacchus 


590  LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575. 

vinum,  Syren  jocos,  Mars  certima,  Apollo  musicam,  Diana  feras,  Gandina  spec- 
tacula1,  omnes  dii  deaeque  omnia  ludicra  dabunt,  (liceat  enim  quaeso  fictis  Deorum 
poeticorum  nominibus  rem  in  hoc  progressu  tuo  vere  gestam  repraesentare)  & 
Minerva  nostra  nihil  exhibebit?  &  Musae  nostrae  Oxonienses  in  his  faustis  omnium 
acclamationibus,  ovationibus,  triumphis,  in  hoc  communi  Anglorum  gaudio  tan- 
quam  rana?  Seriphiae  solas  obmutescent,  &  vocem  nullam  edant  ?  Imo  vero  adsu- 
mus  primum  oraturi,  ut  Christus  Sator  &  Servator  noster  vitam  tibi  prolixam, 
imperium  securum,  domum  tutam,  exercitus  fortes,  Senatum  fidelem,  populum 
probum,  orbem  quietum  largiatur  :  Constantinae  nostrae,  Augustae  nostrae  Reginae, 
Consiliariis  multi  anni,  Orthodoxos  custodes  fidei,  propugnatores  Ecclesiae  pro- 
tege Domine,  Elizabethae  regnum  in  saeculum  permaneat.  Hanc  enim  antiquam 
precationem  Tertulliani  aetate  usitatam,  &  istam  alteram  in  generalibus  Conciliis 
pro  Regibus  &  Reginis  receptam  libenter  usurpo.  Adsumus  deinde  gratulaturi, 
quod  Deus  Opt.  Max.  te  nobis  restituerit,  &  in  hoc  Woodstochiensi  palatio  salvam 
&  incolumem  iterum  collocarit.  Hanc  fcelicitatem  Reipub.  nostrae  gratulamar, 
hinc  praepotenti  Deo  immortales  gratias,  ut  par  est,  agimus.  Cur  enim  non  gra- 
tulemur  ?  Arcanum  Regis  celare  pulchrum  est,  at  Dei  opera  praedicare  gloriosum, 
inquit  Solomon  Parcemiastes.  Solomonem  hoc  loco  non  sine  causa  nomino,  quod 
Solomonicum  regnum  divini  numinis  beneficentia  instaurari  &  revocari  video. 
Solomonem  praecelluisse  omnes  sapientia,  Solomonem  domum  Dei  aedificasse,  So- 
lomonis  ut  nomen  sic  regnum  pacatum  extitisse,  &  propterea  ad  eum  visendum 
omnes  undique  confluxisse  Sacra  Scriptura  commemorat.  Nos  vero  hujus  tanti 
concursus,  &  gratulationis  omnium  tuorum,  si  non  has  easdem  causas  subesse 
intelligimus,  stupidi,  si  non  animadvertimus,  dissoluti,  si  non  agnoscimus,  in  te, 
in  patriam,  in  Deum  ingrati  merito  sane  habeamur.  Etenim  nisi  causas  scimus, 
nihil  scimus ;  &  turn  demum  officium  facimus,  quando  cur  fiat,  rationem  proba- 
bilem  reddimus,  &  turn  sapimus,  cum  causas  cognoscimus,  & 

Fcelix,  qui  potuit  rerum  cognoscere  causas. 
Itaque  cum  nostro  omnium  bono  pectus  tuum  prudentiae,  pacis,  pietatis  amore 
supra  quam  dici  potest  divinitus  inflammatum  nostrum  nemo  non  experiatur: 
haec  tria  beneficia,  &  divinae  benignitatis  erga  nos  luculenta  documenta,  &  Solo- 
xnonicae  &  tuae  gubernationis  sempiterna  monumenta  patere  me,  Elizabetha  Prin- 
cipum  decus,  breviter  attingere,  quo  nos  omnes  ad  praedicationem  gratiae,  quam 

1  Spectaculae  Kenelworthae  sive  Killingworthae,  &  Woodstokise  exhibita. 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN   AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575-  591 

referre  nunquam  possumus,  magis  ac  magis  excitetnur,  &  posteritas  habeat  quod 
intueatur  &  admiretur,  utinam  etiam  aemuletur  &  assequatur. 

Ergo  prima  ilia  nostrae  gratulationis  causa,  &  primum  Dei  praepotentis  bene- 
ficium  est  omni  praedicatione  celebrandum,  quod  Reginam  literatam,  &  multiplici 
cognitione  artium,  linguarum,  rerum  humanarum  ac  divinarum  egregie  dotatam 
praefecerit,  quae  sciat,  ignorantiae  maculum  in  omnibus  fcedam  esse,  in  Principibus 
fcedissimam  :  de  harmonia  nullum  surdum,  de  coloribus  nullum  ccecum,  de  quaes- 
tionibus  fidei  nullum  imperitum  posse  incorrupte  judicare:  quae  intelligat,  hac 
literarum  tinctura  &  cultura  ipsam  nobilitatem  magis  nobilitari :  quae  animad- 
vertat,  civitatem  (ut  acute  etiam  Aristoteles)  non  ex  medico  &  medico,  sed  ex 
agricola  &  medico  constare,  id  est,  non  omnes  res  manu,  sed  multo  plures  mente 
geri,  mentem  autem  a  liberalibus  disciplinis,  sicut  aspectum  nostrum  a  continente 
aere,  lumen  accipere :  quae  consideret,  homines  complures  hoc  lumine  orbatos  in 
tenebras,  in  superstitiones,  in  infinitam  errorum  colluvionem  irruisse :  quomodo 
hodie  Indi  &  alii  Jesuitarum  &  Papistarum  lenocinio  &  veneficio  infascinati  ab 
Idololatria  inveterata  ad  Idololatriam  novam,  scilicet  Papismum  conversi,  quemad- 
modum  in  Reipub.  ac  mutuis  commerciis  specula  fallacia,  armillas  aeneas,  tintinna- 
bula,  crepitacula,  aliasque  nugas  leviculas  mercatorum  nostrorum  magno  coemunt 
&  in  admiratione  habent :  sic  in  Ecclesia  cruces,  calices,  vestes  missales,  ramos 
palmarum,  salis  &  aquae  creaturas  exorcysriio  Romanistarum  incantatas,  caeremo- 
nias  frigidissimas  &  inanissimas  opiniones  spirituali  &  syncero  Dei  cultui,  videlicet 
carbones  thesauro,  granum  hordei  gemmae  cum  iEsopico  gallo,  aerea  aureis  cum 
Homerico  Glauco,  porcos  &  suillam  superstitionem  Christo  ejusque  castas  religioni 
cum  Gergesitis,  alium  JEgyptiacum  &  vitulinos  deos,  Mannae  ccelesti  cum  Israel- 
itis,  imprudenter  &  impie  praeferunt.  Vera  certe  est  sapientis  vox  Sapientiae 
sexto,  Rex  sapiens  populi  stabilimentum  est :  &  ilia  contra  non  est  falsa  Ecclesi- 
astici  decimo,  Rex  insipiens  populum  perdet.  Quamobrem,  Augustissima  Prin- 
ceps,  quod  tam  cupide  in  Minervae  cultu  conquiescis,  quod  Musas  nostras  amore 
complecteris,  prassidio  tueris,  praesentia  saepe  ornas,  quod  ex  his  fontibus  sapien- 
tiam  ipsamet  hausisti,  &  quotidie  tuis  propinas,  quod  Aula  tua  jam  facta  est  Nova 
&  Tertia  Academia,  quod  ex  his  Academiarum  spatiis  populi  duces  non  paucos, 
malos,  novos,  indoctos,  ut  novus  quidam  Censor  Angloduacensis  in  sua  Censura 
nuper  finxit,  sed  multos,  bonos,  graves,  eruditos  ad  Ecclesiam  administrandam 
evocas,  quod  Oxoniam  aut  invisis,  aut  prope  accedis,  quod  nuperrime  privilegia 
&  immunitates  nostras  a  Majoribus  tuis  olim  concessas,  &  jamdiu  nostro  malo 


592  LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575. 

pene  sepultas  ab  oblivione  &  interitu  vindicasti,  et  Judicibus  quibusdam  scientist 
simis  legum  causam  utrinque  examinantibus,  honoratissimis  Consiliariis  astipulan- 
tibus,  ornatissimo  Cancellario  procurante  &  intercedente,  Regio  diplomate  tuo, 
sempiterno   &  immortali    commodo  nostro,  obsignasti,    unde  firmior  pax   cum 
oppidanis  coalescit,  &  intermortua  pene  studia  Academicorum  reviviscunt,  &  artes 
nlioqui  succo  hoc  destitutae  quasi  novo  vere  efflorescunt,  profecto  satis  testatum 
facis  &  manifestum  omnibus,  quam  magnifice  de  literis,  de  literatis,  &  de  nostra 
Academia  sentias.     Satis  enim  noverat  prudentia  tua,   nisi  Athletae  suum  aQxov, 
cursores  suum   braboeum,  nuncii  suum  p»fvu£gov,  vectores  sua  naula,  medici  suas 
aureas  pilulas  &  soteria  jurisperiti  suum  honorem   &  manus  inunctas  donariis, 
milites  sua  stipendia,  pugiles  suas  coronas,  altores  sua  threpteria,  docti  &  doctores 
suum  Minerval  reportent,  horum  omnium  studia,  industriam,  contentionem  remitti 
&  languescere.     Perge,  Illustrissima  Regina,  in  hanc  curam  &  cogitationem  acri 
&  attento  animo  incumbere;  perge  omnem   autoritatem  tuam  ad  conservationem 
Scholarum  conferre  ;   nee  audiendos  putes  illos  Julianos,  qui   literas  extingui,  qui 
doctorum  hominum  ccetus  dissipari,  et  Academiarum  statum  convelli,  et  amcenis- 
simas  literarum  sedes  rapacissimorum  accipitrum  praedam  &  aucupium  fieri  cupiunt. 
Sed  hi  pauci  sunt  &  ignari  sunt,  &  plane  nesciunt  in  Academia  virtutes  conseri,  bar- 
bariem  &  immanitatem  morum  extirpari :  hanc  fuisse,  esse,  fore  sacrarium  religionis, 
seminarium  Ethicae  &  Politicae  discipline,  Scholam  militiae,  alumnam  pacis,  magis- 
tram  Aularum,  arcem  doctrinarum,  ex  qua  diliguntur  praefecti  Ecclesiarum  qui 
religiones  interpretentur,  qui  rudem  plebeculam  quavis  aspide  surdiorem,  quovis 
equo&  mulo  (proh  dolor)  indoctiorem  erudiant,  in  qua  flos  nobilitatis  succrescit,  & 
generosae  spei  juventus  conformatur,  ut  sicut  agricolae  terram,  sic  omnes  isti  ingenia 
sua  melius  excolant,  &  discant  sua  &  publica  administrare  prudentius. 

Alterum  regni  tui  ornamentum  &  divinae  benedictionis  certissimum  vestigium 
est  Pax,  quovis  balsam o  fragrantior,  quovis  rore  dulcior,  ut  canit  Psalmographus, 
Pax  quam  Christus  nasciturus  per  Prophetas  praedixit,  nascens  per  Angelos  prae- 
dicavit,  natus  per  Apostolos  domui  sanctorum  annunciavit,  moriens  suis  reliquit 
&  commendavit :  Non  enim  laudo  pacem  vel  securam,  vel  insidiosam,  vel  simula- 
tam,  vel  superstitiosam.  Novimus  superstitionem  rem  esse  ut  pestilentem  & 
perniciosam,  sic  perfidiosam,  &  pacta  nonnullorum,  cum  libet  &  licet,  non  esse 
pacta,  ut  Plautus  loquitur,  &  hodie  fidem  Romanam  esse  fidem  Graecam,  Punicam5 
Parthicam.     De  Papisticis  fcederibus  &  rythmice  &  recte  dici  potest, 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,   1575-  593 

Multis  annis  jam  transactis, 
Nulla  fides  est  in  pactis, 
Mel  in  ore,  verba  lactis, 
Fel  in  corde,  fraus  in  factis. 

Cum  istiusmodi  hominibus  foedus  facere  ac  ferire,  perinde  est  ac  si  inter  lupos  & 
agnos  societas  coeat.     Romanus  Orator  homo  togae  quam  sagi  amantior  dixit  non 
pessime,  Iniquissimam  pacem  justissimo  beilo  antefero :  sed  multo  fortius  Orator 
Graecus,  Bellum  honestum  turpi  paci  anteponendum  est,  &  divinitus  ille  noster 
cognominatus  Theologus,  Prsestat  laudabile  bellum,  quam  pax  a  Deo  separans. 
Atenim  longe  alia  pax  est  de  qua  loquor,  divina,  non  humana,  Evangelica,  non 
Pseudochristiana,  qua  nos  Deus  per  te  beavit,  ut  sub  ditione  tua  tanquam  in  umbra 
placide  &  pie  conquiescamus,  &  in  communi  hoc  omnium  prope  vicinorum  & 
Christianorum  incendio  summa  tranquillitate  perfruamur.     Non  enim  in  hac  tota 
profectione  tua  Aquilas  infestas,  non  signa  militaria,  non  castra,  non  hostes  vidisti : 
sed  pacificas  velitationes,  gratulationes,  comprecationes  amicorum  &  civium  tuorum 
audivisti.     Non  lanceas  sed  ligones,  non  milites  sed  messores,  non  faces  sed  falces, 
non  arma  bellica  sed  rustica  instrumenta,  pacis  nimirum  insignia,  &  fcelicitatis 
nostras  auguria  aspexisti :  ut  evidentissimum  signum  esse  videatur,  &  te  clementer 
regere,  &  cives  libenter  parere,  &  te  amare  tuos,  &  tuos  honorare  te,  &  te  &  tuos 
a  Deo  diligi.     O  infinitam  Christi  misericordiam,  qua  sola  in  pace  terras  bona 
comedimus,  qua  sola  sine  merito  nostro  ullo,  sine  sudore  &  sanguine  nostro  in 
pace  &  vivimus  &  vincimus.     O  aureum  non  tantum  Martiani  imperatoris,  de 
quo  Nicephorus    scripsit,   sed  etiam   Elizabethae    nostrae    saeculum.      O  beatam 
Rempub.    quando    expulsa   furiosa  Ate,  &  gratiarum   ac  benevolentiae  concilia- 
tricibus  Litis  regnantibus,  Principes  juste  imperant,  subditi  officiose  obtemperant, 
utrique  Evangelium  pacifice  possident.     Nam  hoc  demum  Regium  esse,  &  domi 
&  foris  paci  studere,  &  moderate  agere,  &  amore  suos  comprehendere,  etiam  ipsi 
Reges  et  nobilissimi  viri  docebunt.     Caesar  rex  generose,  Parce  civibus.     Tiberius 
rex  honorifice,  Aurum  ex  lachrymis  proveniens  adulterinum  est.     Solomon  rex 
sapienter,   Qui    nares    emungit   acrius,  sanguinem  elicit.      Theodosius  rex  pie, 
Utinam  et  mortuos  revocare  possem.     Martianus  rex  christianissime,  Quamdiu 
liceret  in  pace  vivere,  non  deceret  Principem  arma  sumere.     Leo  rex  Martiani 
successor  optime,  Utinam  is  esset  status  mcorum  temporum,  ut  possem  stipendia 
militum  in  literarum  magistros  conferre.     Scipio  egregie,  Malo  unum  civem  ser- 
vol.  i.  4  g 


594  LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,  I575. 

vare,  quam  mille  hostes  perdere.  Catulus  Syllse  in  omnes  saevienti  prudenter, 
Ergo  quibuscum  vivemus,  si  &  armatos  in  bello,  &  inermes  in  pace  jugulemus? 
Pericles  moriturus  graviter,  Neminem  civem  sua  causa  nigram  vestem  induisse. 
Utinajn  omnes  alii  Christiani  magistratus  vel  autoritate  tot  Principum,  vel  exem- 
plo  vel  suasu  tuo,  vel  naturae  suae  instinctu,  vel  afflictae  patriae  intuitu,  vel  human- 
itatis  causa,  vel  religionis  ergo,  gladios  jam  diu  viscera  suorum  cruentantes,  in 
vomeres  aut  in  alienos  potius  converterent,  pacem  Christianam  constituerent, 
Camerinas  non  necessarias  non  moverent,  non  amplius  tanquam  Gygantes  coelo 
bellum  indicerent,  &  tandem  aliquando  Christianis  imo  Christo,  suis  imo  sibi 
parcerent. 

Gratulamur  autem  tibi  (Illustrissima  Regina)  moderatum  &  pacificum 
imperium  tuum,  nobis  tranquillitatem  nostram,  quos  Deus  nunc  &  ab  externis 
hostibus,  &  ab  intestinis  conjurationibus  tutos  praestitit.  Gratulamur  etiam 
civibus  tuis  flagrantissimum  suum  pacis  &  concordiae  &  obedientiae  studium. 
(^uos  enim  olim  Heptarchia  disjunxit,  nunc  Monarchia  conjunxit,  quos  ante  Rosa 
alba  &  rubra  distraxit,  nunc  una  Rosa  consociat,  quos  dudum  dispar  religio 
divisit,  nunc  una  fides  conglutinat,  &  quos  nuper  Romana  Bulla  et  transmarini 
libelli  ad  arma  facile  concitarunt,  nunc,  spero,  nulla  Motiva  a  constantia,  a  pietate 
in  Deum,  in  patriam,  in  Principem  dimovebunt.  Sic  enim  novo,  barbaro  &  inepto 
nomine  novus  quidam  Licentiatus  Angloduacensis  scriptor  libellum  de  Motivis  ad 
nos  transmisit,  quern  potius  flabellum  &  Ciassicum  seditionis  debuerat  inscribere. 
Quibus  Motivis  hue  solum  promovit,  ut  dum  vanissimis  argumentis  suum  Pseudo- 
catholicismum  stabilire,  &  immotam  nostrae  Catholicae  Ecclesiae  fidem  concutere 
studet,  non  Anglis  fidem  faciat,  sed  multis  risum  moveat.  Nofunt  jam  Angli 
sapere,  &  de  re  ipsa,  &  de  hujusmodi  scriptoribus  judicare.  Dum  enim  nobis 
futilia  &  trivialia  Motiva  narrat  de  nomine  haereticorum,  Protestantium,  Catholi- 
corum,  a  nomine  ad  rem  crasse  argumentans,  dum  fabulatur  de  ipsorum  miraculis 
dogmaticis  &  personalibus,  puta  Thomae  Aquinatis,  Thomae  Cantuariensis,  Bona- 
venturae,  Bernardi,  Francisci,  &  Dominici,  de  ipsorum  Ecclesiae  judicio  &  praxi, 
de  ipsorum  doctrina,  traditionibus,  visionibus,  de  antiquitate,  universalitate, 
unitate,  successione,  de  sedis  Apostolicae  autoritate,  de  ipsorum  conciliis,  patribus, 
Martyribus,  de  ipsorum  ritibus  &  ritualibus,  quae  nos  in  liturgia  nostra  ceu  ipsorum 
Simios  imitari  jactat,  dum  nostras  leges,  instituta  Ecclesiarum,  &  nostram  Aca- 
demiam  Oxoniensem  matrem  suam,  &  Cantabrigiensem  sororem,  utramque  anti- 
quissimam,   optimis  ingeniis  &,  eruditissimis  Theologis  &  Doctoribus,  &  omni 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575*  595 

Cyclopaediae  laude  florentissimam  insectatur,  Duacensem  scholam  novam,  suos 
scholarchas,  suos  scilicet  Catholicos  professores,  suas  Quodlibeticas  &  Scoticas 
disputationes  inepte  praeferens,  an  non  statim  sentiunt  Angli  istum  Motorem 
magnas  nugas  magno  hiatu  promittere?     An  non  statim  illis  venit  in  mentem 

illud  Poetae— 

"  Laudat  venales,  qui  vult  extrudere  merces  P" 

Et  tamen  norunt  Angli  navem,  quae  has  Merces  per  transennam  quasi  ostentat, 
non  vere  ostendere  &  easdem  exhibere.  Norunt  olim  navem  fuisse,  magnifico  titulo 
e&rXojav,  crgoi/oiav  <rco$8<ruv,  xou  ^egouretav,  secundam  navigationem,  providentiam 
salutarem,  &  sanitatem  praeseferentem,  quae  tamen  proculdubio  fluctibus  jactata 
fuit,  &  in  syrtes  ac  scopulos  impegit :  &  navern  Tharsis  non  semper  aurum  &  argen- 
tum  in  Judaeam,  sed  interdum  pavones  &  simias  advexisse.  Norunt  non  omnes 
istiusmodi  negotiatores  Ecclesiasticos,  qui  ccelum  mutant  &  trans  mare  currunt  ad 
exteras  Academias,  semper  redire  meliores,  sed  quomodo  Menedemus  dicebat, 
quosdam  Athenas  navigasse  primo  sapientes,  turn  sapientiae  studiosos,  dein  Rhe- 
tores,  post  idiotas  evasisse.  Norunt  quosdam  Pharisaismi  zelo  infectos  terra 
marique  circumire  quo  riant  prosolyti  &  gehennae  filii.  Norunt  eos  qui  videntur 
aliquid,  nihil  esse,  Taurum  vocem  bovis  imitari,  &  tamen  nihil  aliud  esse  quam 
Taurum,  id  est,  aviculam.  De  his  Motivis  &  motoribus  pronunciabunt  ex  Jobo  : 
Vidi  arantes  vanitatem,  &  seminantes  laborem,  &  idipsum  solum  messuerunt. 
Norunt  jam  Angli  vel  suo  vel  aliorum  malo  edocti,  nee  Motivis  credendumj  nee 
prece,  nee  pretio  ab  officio  in  Principem  discedendum.  Norunt  Regnum  dissidens 
nullo  negotio  expugnari,  omne  bellum  civile  esse  mutuam  lanienam  &  Cadmeam 
victoriam,  ubi  pars  utraque  infinitis  calamitatibus  implicita  pereat,  ubi  Martis 
tempestas  omnes  opprimat,  ubi  in  una  Repub.  tanquam  una  in  navi  simul  omnes 
naufragium  faciant.  Recordari  possunt,  turbam  sine  legitimo  capite  esse  corpus 
sine  spiritu,  exercitum  cervorum  sine  duce  Leone,  consilia  nefaria  domesticis 
tumultibus  &  desidiis  Rempub.  lacerantium,  ipsis  consultoribus  cessisse  pessime. 
Nee  Dathan,  Core,  Abiram  contra  Moysen  murmurantes,  nee  seditiosos  contra 
Rufum,  nee  illos  rebelles  contra  Richardum  secundum,  nee  alios  contra  Edovardum 
quartum,  nee  istos  contra  Henricum  septimum,  Henricum  octavum,  ejusque  filium 
Edovardum  sextum,  nee  nostros  nuperrime  contra  Tuam  Majestatem  conspirantes, 
impune  evasisse.  Didicerunt  jam,  nisi  fallor,  miserum  esse  in  Repub.  cives  ut  in 
arena  gladiatores  vivere :  &  seditionem  tanquam  Cancrum  ad  totius  corporis 
interitum   repentina  contagione  permanare  Concordes  &  constanti  amoris  vinculo 


5^6  LAURENT1I    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575. 

colligatos  tanquam  fasciculum  aegre,  discordes  tanquam  virgulas  singulas  &  solutas 
(ut  Scylurus  rex  filios  docuit)  facile  diffringi,  invidiam  inferiorum  ceu  fumum 
summa  petere,  &  superiores  arrodere,  sed  ad  extremum  paulatim  evanescere. 
Intelligunt  fideles  cives  vel  ex  Solomone,  Oculum  qui  patrem  subsannat,  &  matris 
doctrinam  contemnit  corvos  eruere,  &  Aquilae  pullos  devorare.  Multo  ergo 
magis,  qui  fidem  Deo  patri  &  Reipub.  matri  datam  abjurant,  qui  Principem 
parentem  patriae  concidere  &  tollere  conantur,  eos  non  solum  in  hanc  oculorum 
effossionem,  sed  in  sempiterni  dedecoris  labem,  &  in  aeterni  numinis  ofTensionem 
ineurrere.  Haec  novisse  sal  us  est  subditis.  Hanc  pacem  o  si  Deus  velit  esse  per- 
petuam.  O  si  Reginam  faciat  pacis  quasi  angelum  &  eigrjvorojov,  ut  tarn  hie  quam 
alibi  inter  Christianos  Christiana  concordia  Divino  imperio  &  verbo,  ipsius  ope  & 
ministerio  sanciatur. 

Gratulationis  ultima  &  maxima  causa  est  pietatis  studium  &  propagatio.  In 
religionis  cura  &  cultu  omnis  Regum  dignitas,  omnis  salus  subditorurn,  omnes 
privatae  &  publicae  commoditates  vertuntur.  Qui  purae  religionis  opibus  septi  & 
vallati  non  sunt,  in  quorum  mente  verus  Dei  timor  non  consedit,  horum  omnis 
vita  curis,  fides  erroribus,  conscientia  terroribus  perturbatur,  horum  animi  dies  ac 
noctes  exhorrescunt,  hi  Satanae  terriculamentis  quasi  furiarum  taedis  ardentibus 
exagitantur.  Quid  vero  ad  Dei  gloriam  splendidius,  ad  honoris  Regii  amplitu- 
dinem  illustrius,  ad  publicam  civium  incolumitatem  utilius  esse  potest,  quam 
Reginam  esse  et  dici  servam  Religionis,  filiam  Sarae,  matrem  Israelis,  ancillam 
Domini,  nutricem  Ecclesiae  ?  quam  religionem  constituere,  quam  seminam 
pietatis  subditorurn  animis  inserere,  quam  superstitionis  fibras  omnes  resecare? 
Religio  viget  ?  Florescit  Respub.  Religio  t'riget.  Regnum  evertitur:  quisque 
ccelesti  itinere  relicto,  per  anfractus  et  praecipitia  novas  vias  quaeritat.  Jobus  ait, 
Ecce  sola  pietas,  est  sapientia :  &  Solomon,  Artus  &  nervi,  imo  caput  &  initium 
sapientiae,  timor  Domini,  nempe  pietas :  Et  Antonius  in  Melissa,  Sola  pietas 
stabile  ac  firmum  bonum  est.  Et  ibidem,  Tres  pii  in  nomine  Dei  congregati 
rmiltis  Deum  negantibus  antecellunt.  Hoc  perspexerunt  Solomon,  Ezechias, 
Asa,  Josaphat,  Josias,  &  alii,  qui  turn  gratia  apud  suos  &  gloria  apud  omnes 
circumfluebant,  cum  exemplo  Davidis  Deum  patrum  suorum  toto  pectore  quaere- 
rent.  Hoc  expertus  est  Constantius,  Hoc  agnoscunt  Theodosius  &  Valentinianus  in 
Concilio  Chalced.  cum  inquiunt,  Constat  omnibus  nostrae  Reipub.  statum  &  omnia 
humana  divina  pietate  gubernari  &  firmari.  Hoc  sensit  Pulcheria  &  virgo,  &  sub 
Theodosio  fratre  parvulo  imperatrix,  de  cujus  pia  gubernatione  Ecclesiastica  historia 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA  WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575.  597 

sic  prodidit,  Mihi  sane  videtur  Deura  ostendere,  solam  pietatem  imperatoribus  ad 
salutem  sufficere,  sine  hac  robur  imperii,  copias,  opes,  reliquum  apparatum  nihil 
valere.  Quod  Valeriani  imperatoris  auspicia  laeta,  exitus  infoelix  demonstrant, 
cujus  Domus  &  Aula  primo  Ecclesia  fuit,  post  Egyptiacorum  Magorum  insusur- 
ratione  dementatus,  Idololatria  &  Christianorum  persecutor  factus,  a  Persis  captus 
in  turpissima  senectute  consenescens  obiit.  Hujus  religionis  procuratio  non  tain 
plebeiorum  augustas  mentes  incessit,  quam  ad  Principes  alto  &  heroico  spiritu 
praeditos  spectat,  quorum  interest  subditos  religiosos  praemiis,  refractarios  poems 
in  hoc  pietatis  officio  continere,  ut  disciplina  servetur,  virtus  honoretur,  licentia 
comprimatur.  Pulchre  Antisthenes,  illam  Rempub.  ad  interitum  prolabi,  ubi 
inter  bonos  &  malos  nullum  discrimen  ponitur.  Itaque  (Elizabetha  Princeps) 
illud  in  laude  vel  maxime  ponendum  est,  quod  &  alias  &  nunc  velut  Ulysses  in 
peragratione  tua  multorum  mores  videns  &  urbes,  ab  ovibus  lupos  ululatu  vel  actu, 
a  Leone  asinum  auriculis  prorninentibus  potueris  &  volueris  discernere,  quam- 
tutnvis  lupi  multi,  ut  Ignatius  scripsit,  vellere  assumpto,  oves  simulent,  quantumvis 
asinus  Leonis  exuvio  aliquando  se  venditarit. 

Quo  autem  hanc  religionis  curam  suscipias  alacrius,  &  Dei  nostri  causam  ani- 
mosius  propugnes  ecce  (Nobilissima  Regina)  una  cum  hoc  Oxoniensi  &  lividensi 
munusculo  porrigimus  in  manus  hunc  gladium  spiritus,  hunc  librum  vitse,  hunc 
sacrum  veteris  &  novi  Testamenti  codicem,  nostrarum  voluntatum  erga  Majestatem 
tuam  qualemcunque  indicem,  &  omnium  de  hac  religione,  controversiarum  judicem, 
cujus  Veritas  invicta  est,  quam  nee  Pharaonis  fornax  aut  lateres,  nee  Phalaridis 
taurus,  nee  Roboami  scorpiones,  nee  Antiochi  tormenta,  nee  ullae  hominum  minae 
aut  manus,  nee  ipsae  inferorum  portae  poterunt  labefactare :  quam  qui  oppugnare 
ausi  sunt,  hos  Dominus  &  minutis  &  misellis  vermiculis,  pediculis,  pulicibus, 
culicibus,  locustis  castigandos,  &  cicurandos  tradidit.  Hie  liber  docet  ilium 
ipsum  Deum,  qui  Saulum  ab  asinis  ad  Regnum,  Davidem  ab  onibus  ad  sceptrum, 
Danielem  e  lacu  leonum  ad  principatum  evexit,  qui  Jaelis  foeminae  malleo  Sisaram 
ducem,  asini  maxilla  mille  viros,  aratri  vomere  Philistinos,  Davidis  funda  Goliathum 
interfecit,  qui  pro  Debora  stellis  e  ccelo  pugnavit,  adhuc  in  ccelo  regnare,  ut  te 
(Debora  Christianissima)  &  Regcs  &  Reginas  omnes  puritatem  doctrinae  in  hoc 
libro  consignatae  asserentes  protegat,  ut  quotidie  cornua  Romanae  Bestiae  excindat, 
&  hostes  sibi  tanquam  scabellum  pedum  suorum  subjiciat,  &  per  infirma  organa 
altitudinem  humanarum  molitionum  dejiciat,  sicut  verissime  dicitur:  Potentes 
potenter  tormenta   patiuntur,  &  fulmen  petit  oilmen,  &  in  inaccllo  venduntur 


59§  LAURENTH    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA    WOODSTOCHIENSI,  1575- 

pinguissimae  victimae.  Hie  liber  nostras  Universitatis  insignia  continet,  septem 
sigillis  communitus :  quem  Leo  de  tribu  Judae  &  Agnus  in  throno  sedens  qui 
habet  clavem  Davidis,  solus  aperire  potest :  &  aperit,  &  nemo  claudit,  &  claudit3 
&  nemo  aperit.  Forma  non  valde  elegans,  ut  voluimus  &  utdebuimus,  sed  in  hoc 
tempore  potuimus  :  materia  intus  omni  auro  prsestantior  est,  omni  topazio  omni- 
busque  margaritis  pretiosior.  Sentential  quae  adscribuntur,  symbola  sunt  Acade- 
miae ;  una,  In  principio  erat  verbum,  8$  verbum  erat  apud  Deum,  altera,  Dominus 
illuminatio  mea  8$  salus  mea,  quem  timebo  ?  tertia, 

"  Bonitas  regnabit, 
Veritas  liberabit," 
sicuti  in  libris  Oxoniae  in  vico  Sancti  Johannis  quondam  impressis  vidimus.  Haec 
cum  argumento  nostro  conveniunt.  Haec  demum  hue  tendunt,  ut  nos  hunc 
librum  tibi,  tu  commendes  tuis,  ut  tuis  auspiciis  Angli  tui  ex  hoc  verbo  magis  ac 
magis  confirmentur,  hoc  verbo  Hiberni  sylvestres  edomentur,  hoc  verbo  omnes  a 
vera  religione  aversi  convertantur.  Est  enim  verbi  hujus  quam  ancipitis  gladii 
acies  penetrantior,  ad  animae  &  spiritus,  compagum  &  medullarum  divisionem 
pertingens.  Hunc  librum  cum  in  Hybernicae  Ecclesiae  muro  quodam  Richardus 
Armachanus  aliquando  occultasset,  hoc  insigne  dictum  scripsit,  Cum  hie  liber 
inventus  fuerit,  Veritas  mundo  manifest  abitur,  <%*  Christus  orbi  apparebit.  Hoc 
vero  Testamentum,  anno  Domini  1530,  repertum  fuisse  Chronica  nostra  testantur, 
&  foelicissimum  hujus  prognostici  eventum  Ecclesiae  reformatae  facies  ubique 
locorum  evidentissime  declarat.  Quod  ut  deinceps  in  singulos  dies  fiat  uberiore 
Christianorum  fructu  &  fcetu,  Deum  Opt.  Max.  precamur. 

Summa  est,  Majestatem  tuam  rogamus  &  hortamur  (Serenissima  Regina) 
librum  hunc  tanquam  Dei  depositum  in  animo  repone,  serva  ut  te  servet,  causam 
hanc  religionis,  ut  facis,  defende :  sic  fiet,  ut  in  hoc  studio  verse  prudentiae,  Chris- 
tianae  pacis,  purae  religionis  magis  ac  magis  proficias :  sic  fiet,  quod  in  versu  dicitur, 

"  Tandem  bona  causa  triumphat" 
Sic  fiet,  quod  in  symbolo  Oxoniensi  ponitur, 

"  BONITAS    REGNABIT 

VERITAS  liberabit:" 
Sic  Deus  erit  Ecclesiae  nostrae  quasi  pupillae  oculi  sui  pervigil  custos,  sui  Israelis 
currus  equitatus  &  propugnaculum,  suae  Hierusalem  murus  centuplex  &  igneus. 
Rogamus  etiam  quia  opus  nostrae  non  est  dare  aut  meritis  aut  Majestate  Tua 
digna,  ut  dantium  voluntates,  quae  sunt  optimae,  non  facultates,  quae  sunt  minimae, 


LAURENTII    HUMFREDI    ORATIO    IN    AULA   WOODSTOCHIENSI,   1575.  599 

respicias.  Rogamus  ad  extremum  Deum  cceli  ac  terrae  Monarchum,  qui  totum 
hunc  tuum  progressum  foelicem,  &  ex  longinquo  itinere  regressum  in  has  oras 
nostras  fceliciorem  esse  voluit,  idem  egressum  ex  hac  peregrinatione  &  vita  tardum 
sed  foelicissimum  concedat,  ut  vivat  &  regnes  quandiu  voles,  voles  quandiu  posses, 
posses  autem  ad  naturae  tuae  satietatem,  ad  corporis  sanitatem,  ad  animae  salutem, 
ad  Reipub.securitatem,  ad  Ecclesiae  utilitatem,ad  Divini  nominis  gloriam.  Amen1. 

1  Extracts  from  "D.  Gualteri  Haddoni,  Legum  Doctoris,  serenissimae  Reginae  Elizabethan  a  supplicum 
iibellis,  Poeraata,  studio  &  labore  Thomae  Hatcheri,  Cantabrigiensis  sparsim  collecta,  et  edita,  1557. 

AD    ELIZABETHAM    PRINCIPEM.  IN    S.  REGINSE    ELIZABETHS    EFFIGIEM. 

FCELIX  rege  parente  virgo,  foelix,  Hei  mihi,  quod  tanto  virtus  perfusa  decore, 

Foelix  principe  fratre  virgo,  foelix,  Non  habet  aeternos  inviolata  dies. 

Foelix  &  Maria  tua  sorore,  in    collegium    westmonasteriense    restau- 
Foelix  religione  puriore.,  ratum  nuper  ab  elizabetha  regina. 

Foelix  moribus,  innocentiaque,  Nobilis  haec  domus  antiquo  memorabilis  ortu, 
Foelix  corpore,  mente  virgo  foelix.  Temporis  ad  varias  est  revoluta  vices. 

Foelix  Elizabetha  quae  fuisti,  Elisabeth  tandem  coelo  regina  profecta, 
Foelix  sis  sene  patre  rege  posthac,  Fecit  ut  asternum  possit  habere  statum. 

Foelix  principe  fratre  grandiore,  in  effigiem  suam. 

Foelix  conjuge  sis  tuo  futuro,  Quid  facis  6  demens,  cur  ora  fugacia  pingis  ? 
Foelix  prole,  scientiaque  foelix,  Aut  novus,  aut  nullus  eras  mihi  vultus  erit. 

Foelix  corpore  cresce,  mente  cresce,  Non  ego  sum  tanti,  sed  mos  est  gestus  amicis, 
Foelix  Elisabetha  sic  maneto.  Cum  tabula  formam  toilet  avara  dies. 


In  returning  from  Woodstock,  the  Queen  passed  some  days  at  Reading  2,  and 
attended  divine  service  at  the  Church  of  St.  Lawrence,  where  a  seat  was  fitted  up 
for  her  in  the  Chancel,  with  a  traverse,  and  hangings  of  arras.  The  seat  had  a 
canopy;  for  in  the  Churchwardens'  Accompts  in  1602  it  is  called  The  State. 
The  pulpit  was  then  ornamented  with  a  new  cloth,  and  the  Church  was  strewed 
with  flowers. 

The  remainder  of  the  year  1575  was  divided  between  Windsor  Castle,  Green- 
wich, and  Hampton  Court,  at  which  latter  place  she  kept  her  Christmas. 

•  The  Monastery  at  Reading,  as  we  learn  from  Camden,  was  turned,  at  the  Dissolution,  into  a 
Royal  Palace,  with  a  fine  range  of  stables  adjoining,  furnished  with  excellent  horses  for  the  King's 
use ;  and  here  his  Majesty,  who  often  visited  Reading,  most  probably  resided.  There  are  entries  of 
the  King's  Visits  at  Reading  in  1509,  1526,  and  1530 ;  Queen  Catharine  of  Arragon  in  1529;  King 
Edward  VI.  was  also  there  in  1552;  and  Queen  Mary,  with  her  husband  King  Philip,  in  1553. 
Coates's  Reading,  p.  48.  Reading  had  before  been  honoured  by  a  visit  from  the  Queen  in  1568  ;  and 
again  in  1572,  on  her  second  return  from  Killingworth.  She  was  at  Reading  again  in  1592;  and 
finally  in  1602;  when  the  Ringers  at  St.  Lawrence  were  employed  to  greet  her  arrival.  She  stayed 
some  days  at  Reading,  and  once  dined  at  Caversham  House  with  Sir  William  Knollys. 


6oo 


RECOLLECTIONS. 


P.  21.  On  New-years  Day,  1556-7,  the  Princess  Elizabeth  presented  to  Queen  Mary  "the 
fore  part  of  a  kyrtel,  and  a  paire  of  sleeves  of  cloth  of  silver,  richly  embroidered  all  over 
with  Venice  silver,  and  raysed  with  silver  and  blacke  silke."  In  return  there  was  given, 
'  to  the  Lady  Elizabeth  her  Grace,  thre  guilt  boles,  with  a  cover,  a  guilt  cup,  another 
cup,  with  a  guilt  jugge,  and  a  golde  cross."  These  several  articles  weighed,  in  toto, 
1  32  oz.  qa  di. ;  and  were  the  workmanship  of  Raynes,  the  Queen's  Jeweller. — On  the  same 
occasion  the  Lady  Ann  of  Cleves  presented  to  Queen  Mary  "  20Z.  in  half  sovereigns ;" 
and  received,  in  return,  "a  bolle  with  a  cover,  a  guilt  cup,  and  a  guilt  cross;" 
weighing,  in  toto,  64  oz.  di.  qa;  and  the  workmanship  also  of  Raynes1. 

P.  88.  In  Burnet's  History  of  the  Reformation,  vol.  III.  p.  309,  is,  "  Queen  Elizabeth's 
Answer,  declared  to  her  Councel  concerninge  the  requests  of  the  Lords  of  Scotland,  to 
move  the  Queen  to  take  the  Earl  of  Arran  to  her  husband,"  dated  Dec.  8,  1560. 

P.  104.     The  following  Proclamation  should  not  be  silently  passed  over: 

"The  Queene's  Majestie  consideringe  howe  the  palaces  and  howses,  as  well  of  Cathe- 
drall  Churches^  as  of  Colleges  of  this  Realme,  have  bine,  both  of  auncient  and  late  tyme, 
builded  and  inclosed  in  severaltie,  to  sustayne  and  keep  societies  and  learned  men 
professing  prayer,  for  the  edification  of  the  Church  of  God,  and  so  consequentlye 
to  serve  the  Commonweal ;  and  understandinge  of  late,  that  within  certeyne  of  the  same 
houses,  as  well  the  cheiffe  Governours,  as  the  Prebendaries,  Students,  and  Members 
thereof,  being  married,  do  kepe  particular  housholde  with  their  wifs,  and  children,  and 
nurses,  whereof  no  small  offence  groweth  to  the  entente  of  the  Founder,  and  to  the 
quiet  and  orderlye  profession  of  studye  and  lerninge  within  the  same.  Her  Majestie 
hath  thought  mete  to  provide  remedie  herein,  least,  by  sufferance  thereof,  the  rest  of 
the  Colleges  (specially  such  as  be  replenished  with  younge  students),  as  the  very  roomes 
and  buildings  be  not  answerable  for  such  families  of  women  and  young  children, 
should  folloe  the  like  example.  And  therefore  expressly  willeth  and  commandeth, 
that  noe  manner  of  person,  being  either  the  Hedd  or  Member  of  any  Colledge  or 
Cathedrall  Churche  within  this  Realme,  shall,  from  the  time  of  the  notification  hereof 
in  the  same  Colledge,  have,  or  be  permitted  to  have,  within  the  precincte  of  every 
such  Colledge,  his  wife,  or  other  woman,  to  abide  and  dwell  in  the  same,  or  to  frequent 
and  haunt  any  lodginge  within  the  same  Colledge,  upon  payne,  that,  whosoever  shall 
do  the  contrary,  shall  forfeit  all  Ecclesiastical  Promotions  in  any  Cathedrall  or  Col- 
legiate Churche  or  Colledge  within  this  Realme.  And,  for  continuance  of  their  order, 
her  Majestie  willethe,  that  the  transcripte  hereof  shal  be  reputed  as  parcell  of  the  statute 
of  the  same,  and  be  so  observed.  Yeven  under  oure  signet  at  our  towne  of  Ipswiche 
the  ix  of  August,  the  third  year  of  our  reigne  \" 

P.  292.  In  1571  William  Pychering  published  "A  Song  betweene  the  Queene's  Ma- 
jestie and  England,"  a  single  sheet. 

1  From  a  Roll  in  the  possession  of  William  Herrick,  Esq.  of  Beaumanor  Park,  Leicestershire. 

*  Peck's  Desiderata  Curiosa,  vol.  II.  p.  256. 

END    OF    THE    FIRST    VOLUME. 


Loiidon:  Printed  by  J.  Nichols  and  Son,  25,  Parliament  Street. 


601 
APPENDIX  TO  VOL  I. 


A  PRAYER  OF  QUEEN  ELIZABETH1, 


Indorsed,  in  various  hands, 

"7%e  Q.  Prayer 
after  a  Progress, 
Aug.  15.  .  [1574], 
being  then  at  Bristow." 


"  I  render  vnto  the,  o  mercifull  and  heavenly  Father,  most  humble  and  heartye 
thankes  for  thy  manifold  mercies  so  abundantly  bestowed  vppon  me,  as  well  for 
my  creation,  preservation,  regeneration,  and  all  other  thy  beninttes  and  great 
mercies  exhibited  in  Christ  Jesus  ;  but  specially   for  thy  mighty  protection  and 
defence  over   me,   in  preseruinge  me  in  this  longe  and  dangerus  jorneye,  as  also 
from  the  be^innincre  of  my  lyfe  vnto  this  present  howre,  from  all  suche  perils  as 
I  shold  most  justly  have  fallen  into  for  myne  offences,  haddest  not  thow,  o  Lord 
God,   of  thy  great  goodnes  &  mercy  preserved  and  kept  me.     Continue  this  thy 
favorable  goodnes  towardes    me   I  beseeche  the,  that  I  may   still  lyke  wyse  be 
defended  from  all  adversitie,  bothe  bodely  and  ghostly.     But  specially,  o  Lorde, 
kepe  me  in  the  sowndnes  of  thy  faith,  feare,  and  love,   that  I  never  fall  awaye 
from  the,  but  continew  in  thy  seruice  all  the  dayes  of  my  life.     Stretche  forthe, 
o  Lord  most  mighty,  thy  right  hand  over  me,  and  defend  me  against  myne  ene- 
myes,  that  they  never  prevayle  against  me.  Geve  me,  o  Lorde,  the  assistance  of  thy 
spirit'  and  comfor  of  thy  grace,  trewly  to  knowe  the,  intirely  to  love  the,  and 
assuredly  to  trust  in  the.     And  that,  as  I  do  acknowledge  to  have  receyued  the 
gouerment  of  this  churche  and  kingedome  of  thy  hand,  and  to  hold  the  same  of 
the,  so  graunt  me  grace,  o  Lord,  that  in  the  end  I  may  render  vp  and  presente  the 
same  a^ayne  vnto  the,  a  peacable,  quiet,  and  well  ordered  state  and  kingdom,  as 
also  a  perfect  Reformed  Churche,  to  the  furtherance  of  thy  glory.     And  to  my 
subiectes,  o  Lord  God,  graunte,  I  beseeche  ye,   faythfull  and  obedient  hartes,  Wil- 
li nglye  to  submitte  them  selves  to  the  obedience  of  thy  words  &  cofhaundementes, 
that  we   all  together  beinge  thankfull   vnto  the  for  thy  benefittes  reccaved,  may 
laude  and   magnifie  thy  holy  name,  world  without  end.     Grant  this,  o  mercifull 
Father,  for  Jesus  Christe's  sake,  our  onely  mediator  and  aduocat.     Amen2." 

1  Communicated  by  Mr.  E.  W.  Brayley,  from  the  Burghley  Papers.     Bihl.   Lansdown    16.   in   the 

British  Museum.  _  -  . 

*  See  vol.  II.  p.  540,  a  Thanksgiving  Prayer  alter  the  memorable  Defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada. 


VOL.  I.  4  M 


#02  THE    &UEEN    AT    GORHAMBURY. 

■ 

P.  309.  The  Queen's  earliest  Visit  to  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon  at  Gorhambury  was  in  1572 ;  and  when 
her  Majesty's  intentions  of  thus  honouring  Sir  Nicholas  was  made  known  to  him,  he  wrote  the  fol- 
lowing letter  to  Lord  Burghley,  which  is  preserved  in  the  British  Museum  (Lansdown  MSS.  140.  79). 

"  After  my  hartie  commendac'ons — Understonding  bycomen  speeche  that  the  Quene's  Majestiemeanes 
to  come  to  my  howse,  and  knowyng  no  certentie  of  the  tyme  of  her  comyng  nor  of  her  abode,  I  have 
thought  good  to  praye  you,  that  this  bearer,  my  servant,  might  understond  what  you  knowe  therin, 
and  if  it  be  trewe,  then  that  I  might  understond  yor  advise  what  you  thinke  to  be  the  best  waye  for 
me  to  deale  in  this  matter,  for  in  very  deede,  no  man  is  more  rawe  in  suche  a  matter  then  myselfe. 
And  thus  wishing  to  yor  L.  as  to  myselfe,  I  leave  any  further  to  trouble  you  at  this  tyme.  From  my 
house  at  Gorhambury  this  17th  of  Julie  1572.     Your  L.  assured  N.  Baco'. 

"  1  have  wrote  thys  bycause  I  wold  gladly  take  the  cours  that  myght  best  pleas  hur  Majestie,  which 

I  knowe  not  butt  to  understond  than  by  yor  help. 

"  To  my  very  good  L.  the  L.  of  Burghley." 

"  As  the  state  of  society,  at  this  interesting  period  of  the  history  of  this  country,  is  best  illustrated 
by  the  entertainments  which  were  given  on  the  occasion  of  these  visits  from  Queen  Elizabeth  to  her 
favourite  Courtiers,  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  answer  from  Lord  Burghley  does  not  accompany  this 
letter,  and  that  there  are  not  any  particulars  preserved  respecting  the  ceremony  of  the  Queen's  recep- 
tion, nor  the  charges  of  the  entertainment." — It  is  certain  that  the  (Queen  was  so  pleased  with  it, 
that  the  Visit  was  repeated  in  June  1573 ;  and  one  of  these  Visits  occasioned  the  enlargement  of 
the  house,  recorded  in  vol.  II.  p.  56.  Several  public  and  private  documents  bear  ''ate  from 
Gorhambury  both  in  1572  and  1573;  amongst  others  a  Lease  from  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Edward 
Downing,  of  the  Rectory  Chapel  and  Grange  of  Echinswell,  in  the  County  of  Southampton,  for 
twenty-one  years.  It  bears  date  from  Gorhamburye  18  die  Junii  15  Eliz.  Great  Seal  attached.  (Ha- 
bemus  Charters,  in  the  British  Museum,  75  H.  17.) — In  consequence  of  the  Royal  hint,  when  the 
Queen  intimated  to  Sir  Nicholas  her  intention  of  paying  him  a  third  visit,  he  erected  for  her  reception 
a  Gallery,  built  of  lath  and  plaister,  120  feet  in  length  and  18  in  breadth.  At  the  end  were  two  apart- 
ments, one  on  each  side.  Under  the  whole  were  Cloisters,  in  the  centre  of  which  (in  a  niche)  was  a 
Statue  of  Henry  VIII.  cut  in  stone,  with  gilt  armour,  and  at  the  upper  end  vveie  busts  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Bacon  and  his  second  wife,  inserted  in  the  wall.  From  the  Anti-chamber,  which  communicated  with 
the  Gallery,  were  two  doors,  one  on  the  left,  intended  for  common  use;  the  other,  on  the  right,  for 
her  Majesty  to  enter;  and,  after  her  departure,  Sir  Nicholas  (with  the  refined  flattery  suited  to  the 
reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth)  caused  the  door  to  be  closed,  that  no  other  step  might  pass  the  same 
threshold. — The  charges  of  that  Visit  are  given  in  vol.  II.  p.  55,  with  several  particulars  of  ancient 
and  modern  Gorhambury ;  but  a  more  complete  description  of  that  delightful  residence,  with  several 
views  of  the  former  and  present  mansions,  and  of  their  decorations,  may  be  found  by  those  who  have 
the  good  fortune  to  obtain  the  sight  of  an  elegant  volume,  written  by  the  Hon.  Charlotte  Grimstone, 
sister  to  the  present  noble  owner,  of  which  valuable  work  only  a  very  few  transcripts  have  been  made 
by  lithography,  as  presents  to  that  Lady's  friends. 

Among  the  many  fine  portraits  still  preserved  at  Gorhambury,  is  one  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  painted 
by  Hilliard  1570,  and  presented  to  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon  by  the  Queen  after  the  above  Visit. 


London :  Printed  by  J.  Nichols  and  Son,  25,  Parliament  Street.